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MANUKAU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TRADES


NEW ZEALAND DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING
Student Name Simranjit Singh

Experiment Title Fast Fracture Lab Test

Section
Failure to attend will result in a Zero mark.
Any evidence of copying will result in a Zero
mark (for all involved students).

Weighting

Objective and Relevant theory


Assumptions
Method of data collection
Raw data
Health & safety
Calculations/ observations
Use of graphs
Discussion
Conclusion
Marks will be deducted for;
Poor use of grammar, spelling, punctuation.
Incorrect or missing units of measure.
Unsupported arguments or conclusions.
Unstated assumptions in either data or
calculations.
Failure to present the original data collected.

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Scored 1- 5

Mark

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Final mark, % (total weighted mark)

Total marks

/100

ObjectiveTo determine and analyse the fast fracture and fracture energy for
different types of tape rolls like insulating tape, masking tape and
brown parcel tape.

TheoryFast fracture is defined as the phenomenon in which a flaw (such


as a crack) in a material expands quickly which leads to
catastrophic failure of the material. It occurs when the stress
applied is less than the yield stress.
This is widely used by the engineers as it plays a vital role in
building of welded bridges and ships and gas pipelines. This helps
the engineers to calculate that how much pressure a specific
material can withstand. It also helps to save us from a lot of
dangerous accidents like collapsing of bridges and sinking of ships
due to small cracks and flaws at the joints and surface of the body.
Energy rate is defined as the energy dissipated during fracture per
unit of newly created fracture surface area. It is denoted by G and
its units are J/m2.
The fracture (critical strain) energy (Gc) is defined as the amount of
energy necessary to create one unit of area of a crack and its units
are J/m2. It is always lesser than the actual energy rate as shown
below.

This also helps to calculate the toughness and strength of the


material. For example in case of tape rolls, we can calculate the
strength of the tape as well as the different adhesives used in
different types of tapes.

Health and Safety


1.The equipment was kept on even surface so it doesnt fall .
2.The test was performed in class so an extra car taken while handling
equipment and the weights.

Equipments and their assumptions1. Stand- Stand should be fixed and vertical without any bend.
2. Tape rolls- Three different tape rolls are required for the
experiment as in our case; the three different tapes are
insulating tape, brown parcel tape and masking tape. While
putting the load on the tape roll make sure it is stable and
does not shake and vibrate.
3. Loads- Increase the weight gradually and make sure that
tape will not vibrate.
4. Digital weighing, paper clip and load hanger.

Parcel Tape

Insulation Tape

Masking Tape

Load Hanger

Load

Procedure1. To begin the experiment, firstly take a stand and place it on


the horizontal table.
2. Then take an insulating tape roll and suspend it on the
vertical stand at a suitable height.
3. Now clamp a paper clip on the open end of the tape roll.
4. Fourthly, put a load hanger across the paper clip and start
adding weights in it and keep adding the weights in the load
hanger until it starts peeling off rapidly.
5. Note down the weight of the load hanger as well as the
weights used.
6. Also measure the width of the tape
7. Take readings of weight for each tape by following the above
five steps.
8. Also measure width (thickness) of all the tape rolls.
Raw Data
Thickness of the Tapes
1.Insulation Tape (Black) 16mm
2.Masking Tape (White) 24mm
3.Parcel Tape
(Brown) 47.5mm

Calculations
Strain energy rate is given by

Gc = Mg/t
where,
M is the mass of the weights and the load hanger
g is the acceleration due to gravity
Gc is strain energy rate or fracture energy
t is the thickness of the tape

Calculations
Calculation of Gc for insulating tapeGc = Mg/t
Given M=109.5 g
g=9.81 m/s2
t=1.6 cm
Gc =(109.5*10-3*9.81)/1.6*10-2
Gc =67.13J/m2
Calculation of Gc for brown parcel tapeGc = Mg/t
Given M=58g
g=9.81 m/s2
t=4.8 cm
Gc =(58*10-3*9.81)/4.8*10-2
Gc =11.85 J/m2
Calculation of Gc for masking tapeGc = Mg/t
Given M=123 g
g=9.81 m/s2
t=2.4 cm

Gc =(123*10-3*9.81)/2.4*10-2
Gc =50.27 J/m2

Results-

S no.
1

Type of tape
roll
Insulating tape

Mass of load
hanger (M)
109.5

Width
(t)
1.6 cm

Fracture energy

Brown parcel
tape
Masking tape

58 g

4.8 cm

11.85 J/m2

123 g

2.4 cm

50.27 J/m2

2
3

DiscussionAbove Values gives information about fracture toughness which is


defined as the property which describes the ability of a material
containing a crack to resist fracture and is one of the most
important properties of any substance for designing.
From the above values of fracture energy, it is all clear that the
insulating tape is toughest among them and the stickiness of the
adhesive is also highest among all the tapes. So it can withstand
high load than others.
ConclusionFrom the above data it is clear that the value of critical strain
energy release rate (fracture energy) of insulating tape is lowest
which means that it can bear greater stress level which implies that
it has more strength.(more energy release less hold and vice
versa)

References-

67.13 J/m2

Theory id derived from :


Engineering materials 1: an introduction to properties, applications
and design by M.F. Ashby and D. R.H. Jones 620.11 ASH

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