STPM Further Mathematics T Past Year Questions

Lee Kian Keong & LATEX

akeong@gmail.com
http://www.facebook.com/akeong
Last Edited by December 24, 2011
Abstract
This is a document which shows all the STPM questions from year 2002 to year 2011 using LATEX.
Students should use this document as reference and try all the questions if possible. Students are
encourage to contact me via email1 or facebook2 . Students also encourage to send me your collection
of papers or questions by email because i am collecting various type of papers. All papers are welcomed.
Special thanks to Zhu Ming for helping me to check the questions.

Contents
1 PAPER 1 QUESTIONS
STPM 2001 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2002 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2003 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2004 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2005 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2006 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2007 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2008 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2009 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2010 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2011 . . . . . . . . .

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2
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23

2 PAPER 2 QUESTIONS
STPM 2002 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2003 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2004 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2005 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2006 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2007 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2008 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2009 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2010 . . . . . . . . .
STPM 2011 . . . . . . . . .

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25
26
28
30
32
34
37
40
43
46
49

1
2

akeong@gmail.com
http://www.facebook.com/akeong

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2001

STPM 2001
1. Solve the equation
cosh 2x + 2 cosh x = 5.
Give your answer correct to two decimal places.

[4 marks]

2. Sketch the curve with polar equation

r = 3 + 2 cos .
Find the area of the region bound by the curve.

[6 marks]

3. Using Maclaurin expansion, find

1 cos2 x
.
x0 x(1 ex )
lim

[4 marks]

4. Use the Newton Raphson method with initial estimate, x0 = 0.5, find the root for equation 10x
2 sin x = 5 correct to three decimal places.
[5 marks]
5. Using mathematical induction, prove that, for n 2, xn nx + (n 1) divisible by (x 1)2 .[6 marks]
6. Shade the region in Argand diagram which satisfies the inequality |z (2 + 2i)| 1. Hence, find the
greatest and least value of |z (1 + i)| for z in this region.
[4 marks]




cos sin
cos 3
T 3
7. If M =
, show that (M ) =
sin cos
sin 3
terms of n and . Justify your answer.


sin 3
. Hence, write down (MT )n in
cos 3
[5 marks]

8. The position vector of points A and B respect to O are a = 2i 2j 9k and b = 2i + 4j +

15k respectively. Find the vector equation for the line passes through the midpoint of AB and
perpendicular to the plane OAB.
[3 marks]
Hence, determine the position vector, respect to O, of the points which are 7 units from the midpoint
of AB.
[3 marks]
9. Given a curve with parametric equation
x = a(t 3t3 ), y = 3at2 ,
with a > 0 and t R.
Determine the values of t when the curve cuts the y-axis and sketch the curve.
[4 marks]
 2  2
dy
dx
+
= a2 (1 + 9t2 )2 .
[3 marks]
Show that
dt
dt
Calculate the length of the loop in the curve.
[4 marks].
Calculate the surface area generated when the loop is rotated through radians about the y-axis.
[4 marks]

10. Find the general solution for the differential equation

d2 y
dy
+5
+ 4y = e2x + sin x.
dx2
dx
3

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2001
[9 marks]

6
dy
3
Find the particular solution which satisfies the condition y =
and
=
when x = 0. Show
17
dx
34
5
3
that y =
sin x
cos x when x is positive and large.
[6 marks]
34
34
11. (a) Find the expansion for ex cos x and ex sin x in ascending powers of x up to the term x3 . Hence,
1
show that, if x4 and higher power of x can be ignored, sinh x cos x x x3 and cosh x sin x
3
1 3
x+ x .
[6 marks]
3
(b) Using Maclaurin theorem, find the expansion for sec x in ascending powers of x up to the term
x4 .
[5 marks]
Deduce the first three non zero terms in the expansion sec2 x and tan x in ascending powers of
x.
[4 marks]
12. (a) Describe the locus of the points represented by the complex numbers z if z satisfies


 z 1 2i 
 = 1,

i. 
z + 1 + 4i 
1
1
+ = 3.
z
z
(b) Show that, for z 6= 1,
ii.

[3 marks]
[4 marks]

z 3 z 2 + z12 + z 3 +
zz +z z +z =
2 + z + z1
2

1
z3

.

Using the substitution z = ei , show that

5
X

(1)k+1 cos k =

k=1

cos 3 cos 52
,
cos 12

where is odd multiple of .

[8 marks]

13. The transformation T on the x y plane is given by

 
 
x
2 x
T:
A
,
y
y


6 k
where A =
, k R.
1 2
If the line y = mx+c is the invariant line under transformation T, show that c = 0 and km2 +4m1 =
0.
[9 marks]
Deduce the possible value of k such that there is only one invariant line, and determine equation of
the line.
[6 marks]
14. Given that origin, O and position vectors of P , Q, R, and R are 4i + 3j + 4k, 6i + j 6k and i + j + k
respectively. Find the equation of the plane OP Q.
[2 marks]
Show that the point S lies on the plane OP Q.
[4 marks]
Show that the line RS are perpendicular to the plane OP Q.
[4 marks]
Find the acute angle between the line P R and the plane OP Q.
[5 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2002

STPM 2002
1. Simplify the statement p ( p q) ( p q).

[4 marks]

2. Find the exact value of x that satisfies the equation 5 sech x 12 tanh x = 13.

[4 marks]

3. Solve the recurrence relation xn+1 = xn+1 + xn with x0 = 0, x1 = 1.

[5 marks]

4. Point P is represented by the complex number z = cos + i sin , where 0 2, in Argand

diagram. Show that the locus of the point Q that is represented by = 3z 2 is a circle, and find its
centre and radius. Find the minimum and maximum distance between the point P and Q, and state
the corresponding value of .
[6 marks]
Z
5. If In =

xn cos x dx, show that, for n 2,

In =

 n
2

n(n 1)In2 .
[4 marks]

Hence, evaluate

x4 cos x dx.

[2 marks]

6. The function f is defined by

(
a + bx + x2 , x > 1,
f (x) =
1 x,
x 1,
with a and b are constants. Determine the values of a and b such that f is differentiable at x = 1.
[7 marks]

7. Find the particular solution for the differential equation

x2
1
dy
+
y= 2
.
dx x(x 1)
x (x 1)
that satisfies the boundary condition y =

3
when x = 2.
4

[8 marks]

8. Using mathematical induction, prove that

n
X

cos 2r =

r=1

sin(2n + 1) 1
.
2 sin
2
[7 marks]

1
If sin =
2 3, find sin 5.
2

[3 marks]

1 in
(e + ein ).
2
Hence, show that, for x R and |x| < 1,

9. Show that cos n =

[3 marks]

xn cos(2n + 1) =

n=0

(1 x) cos
.
1 2x cos 2 + x2

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

Deduce that

cosn 2 cos(2n + 1) =

n=0

STPM 2002

1
sec
2

1
for 6= k, where k is integer.
2

[7 marks]

10. If xn = xn1 + h and yn = y(xn ), with h3 and higher powers of h can be neglected, show that the
recurrence relation for differential equation yn00 2yn0 + 2yn = 0 is
(1 h)yn+1 2(1 h2 )yn + (1 + h)yn1 = 0.
[7 marks]

If y0 = 0, y1 = 0.5, and h = 0.1, calculate y4 correct to three decimal places.

[3 marks]

11. Matrix A is given by

2
A = 3
1

1
2
1

3
3 .
2

Find the eigenvalue 1 , 2 , and 3 , where 1 < 2 < 3 of matrix A. Find also the eigenvectors e1 ,
e2 , and e3 where ei corresponding to i for i = 1, 2, 3.
[8 marks]
Matrix P is a 3 3 matrix where its columns are e1 , e2 and e3 in sequence. Show that

1 0
0
P1 AP = 0 2 0 .
0
0 3
[5 marks]

Deduce the relationship between determinant of A and its eigen values.

12. If y = sin1 x, show that

d2 y
=x
dx2

dy
dx

3
and

d3 y
=
dx3

dy
dx

3

+ 3x2

dy
dx

[2 marks]

5
.

[4 marks]

Using Maclaurin theorem, express sin1 x as a series of ascending powers of x up to the term in x5 .
State the range of values of x for the expansion valid.
[7 marks]
Hence,
(a) taking x = 0.5, find the approximation of correct to two decimal places,

[2 marks]

x sin x
.
x0 x sin x

(b) find lim

[2 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2003

STPM 2003
1. Determine whether each of the following propositions is true or false.
(a) If |2x 3| > 9, where x is an integer, then |x| > 2.

[2 marks]

(b) If A B = , where A and B are non-empty sets, then x

/ B, x A, or x
/ A, x B.
[2 marks]

2. Find the integral

Z

4x2

dx
.
4x + 3
[4 marks]

3. Using Cramers rule, determine the set of values of k such that the following system of linear equations
has integer solutions.
2x y + 3z = k,
2x + y z = 1,
6x 3y + z = 3k,
[6 marks]

4. Complex numbers z and w are such that |z|2 + 2Re wz = c, where c > |w|2 . Show that the locus
of the point P which represents z in the Argand diagram is a circle, and state the centre and radius
of the circle in terms of w and c.
[6 marks]

5. Use the expansion of

1
to express tan1 x as a series of ascending powers of x up to the term
1 + x2

in x7 .
Hence find, in terms of , the sum of the infinite series

[4 marks]

1
1
1

+
...
2
33 53
7 33
[2 marks]

Z
6. Let In =

sinn x dx, where n 2. Show that

In =
[4 marks]

n1
In2 .
n

Express In in terms of I1 , for odd integers n 3. Hence find the value of

Z
sin7 x cos2 x dx.
0

[3 marks]

7. A loan of P ringgit is to be paid off over a period of N years. The loan carries a compound interest
of 100k% a year. The yearly repayment is B ringgit. The balance after r years is ar ringgit, where
a0 = P . The interest is charged on the balance at the beginning of the year. Write down a recurrence
relation that involves ar+1 and ar and show that


B
B
(1 + k)r + .
ar = P
k
k
7

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2003
[6 marks]

Calculate the yearly repayment if a loan of RM100 000 that carries a compound interest of 8% a year
is to be paid off over a period of 10 years.
[3 marks]
8. Matrix M is given by
M=



3 1
.
4 1

Use mathematical induction to prove that


2n + 1
n
M =
4n


n
, n = 1, 2, . . .
1 2n
[5 marks]

Show that M and M have the same eigenvalues.

[4 marks]

9. If y = (sin1 x)2 , show that, for 1 < x < 1,

(1 x2 )

d2 y
dy
x
2 = 0.
2
dx
dx
[3 marks]

Find the Maclaurin series for (sin

x) up to the term in x .

[6 marks]

10. Find the general solution of the differential equation

d2 y
dy
+2
+ y = cos 2x 7 sin 2x.
dx2
dx
[7 marks]

dy
Find the solution of the differential equation for which y =
= 2 when x = 0. Determine whether
dx
this solution is finite as x .
[5 marks]
11. Let a cosh x + b sinh x = r sinh(x + k), where a, b, and r are positive real numbers. Express k and r
in terms of a and b, and determine the condition in order that k and r exist.
[7 marks]

Find the coordinates of the point on the curve y = cosh x + 3 sinh x which has a gradient of 8 at
that point.
[6 marks]
12. Obtain all the roots of the equation z 5 = 1 in the form ei , where 0 < 2. Hence show that the
roots of the equation
( 1)5 = 5
k
1 1
+ i cot , where k = 1, 2, 3, 4.
2 2
5
Deduce the roots of the equation

are

[8 marks]

( i)5 = 5 .
[2 marks]
5

Write down the roots of the equations ( 1) = and ( i) = in the form a + bi, with a
and b in one decimal place. Describe and compare the positions of the roots of these two equations
in the Argand diagram.
[5 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2004

STPM 2004
1. Show that the following pair of propositions are equivalent.
(p q); [ (p q)] [ ( p q)].
[3 marks]

2. Show that
x + sin1 (cos x) =

1
,
2

for 0 x .

[3 marks]

3. Using mathematical induction, prove that

n
X

p(p!) = (n + 1)! 1.

p=1

[5 marks]

4. Solve the recurrence relation xn+1 = kxn + 4, where x0 = 7, x1 = 25 and k is a constant.

5. Show that tanh1 x =

1
ln
2

1+x
1x


for 1 < x < 1 and find

6. Find the exact value of

Z

d
(tanh1 x).
dx

[7 marks]

[7 marks]

p
x4 1 dx.

[7 marks]

7. Show that the general solution of the recurrence relation an+2 = 6an+1 25an is
an = 5n ( cos n + i sin n),
4
where and are arbitrary complex constants and = tan1 .
3
If a0 = a1 = 1, find the particular solution of the above recurrence relation.
Z
8. If In =

[6 marks]
[2 marks]

xn

dx, where n > 1 and a is a non-zero constant, show that

x2 + a2
p
nIn + (n 1)a2 In2 = xn1 x2 + a2 .
[4 marks]

Z
Hence, find the exact value of
0

x +x

dx.
x2 + 1

[6 marks]


9. Using Taylors theorem, find the series expansion of sin


1
+ h in ascending powers of h up to
6

the term in h3 .
1
If 0 < h < , show that the remainder term R is given by
6

1 4
3 4
h <R<
h .
48
48
9

[3 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2004
[4 marks]

1
Hence, find the bounds for sin correct to seven decimal places.
5

[3 marks]

10. For each of the following cases, find the equation of the locus of the complex number z and show the
locus in an Argand diagram.


 z (1 + i) 
=2
[5 marks]
(a) 
z (1 i) 


z (1 + i)
1
(b) arg
=
[6 marks]
z (1 i)
2
11. The matrix A is given by

2 3
A = 3 3
2
3

2
3 .
2

Show that the eigenvalues of A are -3, 4 and 6. Find the corresponding eigenvectors.
[8 marks]
T
Write down a matrix P such that P AP is a diagonal matrix. Find this diagonal matrix and its
inverse.
[6 marks]
12. Find the general solution of the differential equation
dy
d2 y
+4
+ 12y = 8 cos 2t.
dt2
dt
[8 marks]



1
(a) Find the approximate values of y when t = n and when t = n +
, where n is a large
2
positive integer.
[3 marks]
(b) Show that, whatever the initial conditions, the limiting solution as t may be expressed in
the form
y = k sin(2t + ),
where k is a positive integer and an acute angle which are to be determined.

10

[4 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2005

STPM 2005
1. Write down the negation, the converse and the contrapositive of the following implication
If a = 0 and b = 0, then ab = 0
Which of your answers is equivalent to the given implication?

[4 marks]

2. The function f is defined by

(
x2 1,
x 1,
f=
k(x + 1), x > 1.
(a) If f is continuous, find the value of k.

[2 marks]

(b) Determine, for this value of k, whether f is differentiable at x = 1.

[3 marks]

3. Find the general solution of each of the following recurrence relations.

(a) ur+1 = ur + 2r , where and are arbitrary constants and 6= 2.
r

(b) ur+1 = 2ur + 2 , where is an arbitrary constant.

[3 marks]
[3 marks]

4. A differential equation has y = e3x and y = xe3x as solutions.

(a) Find the differential equation.

[2 marks]

(b) Write down the general solution of the differential equation and determine the particular solution
dy
satisfying the initial conditions y = 1 and
= 0 when x = 0.
[4 marks]
dx
5. A circular disc is partitioned into n equal sectors. Each sector is to be coloured with one of the four
different colours provided and no two adjacent sectors are to be of the same colour. If an is the
number of ways to colour the disc with n sectors, find a2 , a3 and a4 .
[3 marks]
Given that an = 2an1 + 3an2 , where n 4, find an explicit formula for an .
[4 marks]

6. Find the Maclaurin expansion of x cos x up to the term in x3 . State the range of values of x for
which the expansion is valid.
[7 marks]
7. If P is the point on an Argand diagram representing the complex number z and |z 2| + |z + 2| = 5,
find the cartesian equation of the locus of P and sketch this locus.
[4 marks]
Find the points on this locus which satisfy the equation



3 
3

|z| = z
+ i .
10 10 
[4 marks]

8. Show that, for |x| > 1,

coth1 x =

1
ln
2

x+1
x1


.
[4 marks]

5
If coth 2y = , find the value of coth y.
4

[4 marks]

11

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2005

9. The matrix A is given by

k
A = 2
8

1 5
k 8 .
3 2

Determine all values of k for which the equation AX = B, where B is a 3 1 matrix, does not have
a unique solution.
[3 marks]
For each of these values of k, find the solution, if any, of the equation

1
AX = 2 .
4
[7 marks]

10. Find the general solution of the differential equation

x

dy
3y = x3 .
dx
[4 marks]

Find the particular solution given that y has a minimum value when x = 1.
Sketch the graph of this particular solution.

[3 marks]
[3 marks]

1
11. A curve has equation y = 1 ln tanh x, where x > 0.
2
(a) Show that, for this curve, y > 1.
dy
(b) Show that
= cosech x.
dx
(c) Sketch the curve.

[2 marks]
[3 marks]
[2 marks]
6

(d) Show that the length of the curve between the points where x = 1 and x = 4 is ln(e + e4 + e2 +
1) 3.
[6 marks]
12. Prove de Moivres theorem for positive integer exponents.
Using de Moivre theorem, show that

[5 marks]

sin 5 = a sin5 + b cos2 sin3 + c cos4 sin

sin 5
where a, b and c are integers to be determined. Express
in terms of cos , where is not a
sin
multiple of .
[5 marks]
4
2
Hence, find the roots
of
the
equation
16x

12x
+
1
=
0
in
trigonometric
form.
Deduce
the
value
 

2
of cos2
+ cos2
.
[6 marks]
5
5

12

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2006

STPM 2006
1. The matrix M is given by

3
M = 6
0

1 2
2 3 .
2 1

By using Cayley Hamilton theorem, show that

M1 =

1
(7I M2 ),
6

where I is the 3 3 identity matrix.

[4 marks]

2. Prove that
tanh1 x + tanh1 y = tanh1

x+y
1 + xy


.
[2 marks]

Hence, solve the equation

tanh1 3x + tanh1 x = tanh1

8
.
13
[3 marks]

3. Let A = {a, a + d, a + 2d} and B = {a, ar, ar2 }, with a 6= 0, d 6= 0 and r 6= 1. Show that A = B if
3
1
[7 marks]
and only if r = and d = a.
2
4
4. Consider the system of equations
x + y
3x y
6x + 2y

+ pz
2z
+
z

= q,
= 1,
= 4,

for the two cases: p = 2, q = 1 and p = 1, q = 2.

For each case, find the unique solution if it exists or determine the consistency of the system if there
is no unique solution.
[7 marks]
5. Find the domain and the range of the function f defined by
f (x) = sin1

2(x 1)
.
x+1
[4 marks]

Sketch the graph of f .

[3 marks]

6. Show that
Z

x1

dx = 6 3 2 ln
x2 + 2x + 3

!
2+ 6

.
1+ 3
[7 marks]

7. If y = ex cos x, prove by mathematical induction that



1
dn y
1
n x
2
= 2 e x + n ,
dxn
4
for every positive integer n.

[8 marks]

13

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2006

8. Determine the number of root(s) of the equation x tanh ax = 0 for each of the following cases.
(a) a < 1
(b) a = 1
(c) a > 1
[8 marks]

9. Let an be the number of ways (where the order is significant) the natural number n can be written
as a sum of ls, 2s or both. Find a1 , a2 , a3 and a4 .
[2 marks]
Explain why the recurrence relation for an , in terms of an1 and an2 is
an = an1 + an2 , n > 2.
[2 marks]

Find an explicit formula for an .

[6 marks]

10. Using the substitution x = z 2 , transform the differential equation



d2 y
1 dy
+
4x

+ 4x2 y = 0
dx2
x dx
into one relating y and z.

[5 marks]

dy
Hence, find y in terms of x given that y = 2 and
= 2 when x = 1.
dx
State the limiting value of y as x .
11. Let zl = 1, z2 = x + iy, z3 = y + ix, where x, y R, x > 0 and i =
geometric progression,

[5 marks]
[1 marks]

1. If z1 , z2 , . . ., zn is a

(a) find x and y,

[3 marks]

(b) express z2 and z3 in the polar form,

[2 marks]

(c) find the smallest positive integer n such that z1 + z2 + . . . + zn = 0,

[5 marks]

(d) find the product z1 z2 z3 . . . zn , for the value of n in (c).

[3 marks]

12. Derive the Taylor series for ex expanded at x = 0 and show that 2 < e < 3.
[6 marks]
n
Write the above series up to the term in x together with the remainder term. Hence, determine the
smallest integer n to ensure that the estimated value of e is correct to four decimal places and find
the estimated value.
[7 marks]

14

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2007

STPM 2007
1. If z = cos + i sin , show that

Z
2. Show that

1
1
1
= (1 i tan ) and express
in a similar form.[4 marks]
1 + z2
2
1 z2

sec x(sec x + tan x)2 dx = 1 +

2.

[4 marks]

3. Using the substitution x = e2 , show that the differential equation

x2

dy
d2 y
+ px
+ qy = 0,
2
dx
dx

where p and q are constants, can be transformed into the differential equation
d2 y
dy
+r
+ sy = 0,
2
dz
dz
where r and s are constants to be determined in terms of p and q.
4. The matrices A and B are given by

1
2
5
1
A=
2
0
1 1

4
2
3 4
5
4
1 3
,B =
2
0
8 0
1 1
3 9

[5 marks]

3
4
1
3
.
11 0
3 12

1
1

Given that
1 is an eigenvector of the matrix A, find its corresponding eigenvalue.
1

1
1

Hence, find the eigenvalue of the matrix B corresponding to the eigenvector

1.
1
5. Show that
sec1 x + cosec1 x =

[3 marks]

[3 marks]

1
,
2

1
1
1
, cosec1 x and cosec1 x 6= 0.
2
2
2
Hence, find the value of x such that

where 0 sec1 x , sec1 x 6=

[3 marks]

3
sec1 x cosec1 x = .
2
[3 marks]

6. A sequence a0 , a1 , a2 , . . . is defined by a0 = 1 and ar+1 = 2ar + b for r 0, where b R.

Express ar in terms of r and b, and verify your result by using mathematical induction.

[7 marks]

7. Solve the recurrence relation

ar ar1 6ar2 = (2)r ,
where a0 = 0 and a1 = 2.

[8 marks]

15

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2007

8. Consider the system of equations

x +
y
x + y
x +
y

+
z
+
z
+ z

= 1,
= ,
= 2 ,

where is a constant.
(a) Determine the values of for which this system has a unique solution, infinitely many solutions
and no solution.
[5 marks]
(b) Find the unique solution in terms of .

[5 marks]

9. Solve the differential equation

dy
+ y sinh x = sinh x,
dx
given that y = 0 when x = 0.
[5 marks]
Show that 0 y < 1 for all real values of x, and sketch the graph of the solution of the differential
equation.
[5 marks]
10. Find the constants A, B, C and D such that
e2x + e2x 2ex 2ex 1 = A cosh2 x + B cosh x + C sinh2 x + D sinh x.
[5 marks]

Hence, solve the equation

e2x + e2x 2ex 2ex 1 = 0.
[5 marks]

11. Show that the Maclaurin series for (1 + x)r is

1+

X
r(r 1) . . . (r k + 1)

k!

k=1

xk ,
1

where r is a rational number. Write down the Maclaurin series for (1 + x2 )1 and (1 + x2 ) 2 .[8 marks]
Hence, find the Maclaurin series for tan1 x and sinh1 x.
[5 marks]
x tan1 x
1
[2 marks]
Show that lim 2
= .
x0 x sinh1 x
3
12. Find the roots of the equation (z i)3 = i3 , where is a real constant.

[3 marks]

(a) Show that the points representing the roots of the above equation form an equilateral triangle.
[2 marks]
3

(b) Solve the equation [z (1 + i)] = (2i) .

[5 marks]

(c) If is a root of the equation ax + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c R and a 6= 0, show that its

conjugate is also a root of this equation. Hence, obtain a polynomial equation of degree six
with three of its roots also the roots of the equation (z i)3 = i3 .
[5 marks]

16

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2008

STPM 2008
1. If p q, r q and s r, show that p s.

2. Using the result that tan1 x =

Z
0

[3 marks]

1
dt, show that
1 + t2

tan1 x = x

x3
x5
x7
+

+ ...
3
5
7

where |x| < 1.

[2 marks]
1

Hence, find lim

x0

3. If

tan x
.
sin x

[2 marks]

< tan1 (sinh x) < , show that

2
2
cos(tan1 (sinh x)) = sech x.
[5 marks]

4. Use Taylor series to find the first four terms in the expansion of

1
at x = 1.
(2x + 1)3

[5 marks]

5. Let x1 = a and xr+1 = xr + d, where a and d are positive constants and r is a positive integer. Prove,
by mathematical induction, that
k
X
1
k
=
,
x
x
x
x
1 k+1
i=1 i i+1
for k 2.

[6 marks]

6. Sketch, on an Argand diagram, the region in which 1 |z + 2 2i| 3, where z is a complex number.
[3 marks]

Determine the range of values of |z|.

[4 marks]

7. The equation z 4 2z 3 + kz 2 18z + 45 = 0 has an imaginary root. Obtain all the roots of the
equation and the value of the real constant k.
[8 marks]
Z

8. Let Im,n =

xm (1 + x)n dx, where m, n 0. Show that, for m 0, n 1,

Im,n =

n
Im+1,n1 .
m+1
[3 marks]

Hence, show that Im,n =

(1) m!n!
.
(m + n + 1)!

[6 marks]

9. The cooling system of an engine has a capacity of 10 litres. It leaks at a rate of 100 ml per week. At
time 0. it is full and contains water only. Every week (at times 1, 2, 3. ...). the cooling system is
topped up with 100 ml of a coolant mixture of concentration 20% (a mixture of 80 ml of water and
20 ml of coolant).
Let vn , be the volume in millilitres and cn the concentration of the coolant in the cooling system
immediately after the top up at time n.
17

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2008

(a) Express vn+1 in terms of vn ,

[3 marks]

(b) Show that cn+1 = 0.99cn + 0.002, and solve this recurrence relation.

[8 marks]

(c) What is the concentration of the coolant as n becomes very large?

[1 marks]

10. Find the solution of the differential equation

3
for which y = 0 and

1
dy
d2 y
2
y = 4e 3 x x2 + 24
2
dx
dx

dy
= 1 at x = 0.
dx

[12 marks]

11. A curve is defined by x = cos (1 + cos ) , y = sin (1 + cos ).

(a) Show that


dx
d

2


+

dy
d

2
= 2(1 + cos ).
[4 marks]

(b) Calculate the length of the arc of the curve between the points where = 0 and = . [5 marks]
(c) Calculate the surface area generated when the arc is rotated completely about the x-axis.[4 marks]
12. Find the eigenvalues of the matrix A given by

4
4
3
A = 1 1 1
4 4 3

and an eigenvector corresponding to each eigenvalue.

[8 marks]
1
Write down a matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that A = PDP .
[2 marks]
n
n
Hence, show that A = A when n is an odd positive integer, and find A when n is an even positive
integer.
[6 marks]

18

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2009

STPM 2009
1. Prove that, if x > k, then x3 kx2 + ax ak > 0 for every real number a > 0.
Write down the converse and contrapositive of the above statement.

[2 marks]
[2 marks]

2. The real matrix A is given by

a 0 a
A = 0 b 0 .
c 0 c
where 0 < a < b < c. Show that all the eigenvalues of matrix A are distinct.
3. Solve the recurrence relation un+1 = 3un + 1, where n 1 and u1 = 3.

[4 marks]

[5 marks]

4. Let a = a(2t + sinh 2t) and y = b tanh t, where a, b > 0 are constants and t R. Show that
dy
b
0<

.
[5 marks]
dx
4a
1
ln
2
Hence, solve the equation

5. Show that tanh1 x =

1+x
1x


for |x| < 1.

2 tanh

[4 marks]

 
3
= ln x.
x

where x > 0.

6. If tan y =
(x 1)2 .

[3 marks]

x
, where < y < , expand y in ascending powers of (x 1) up to the term in
1+x
4
4
[5 marks]

 
 
1
1
1
1
Hence, find the approximate value of tan
tan
.
2
3

[2 marks]

7. The matrix A is given by

1
A = 1
1

1 c
2 3
c 1

and B is a 3 1 matrix.
(a) Find the values of c for which the equation AX = B does not have a unique solution.

[3 marks]

(b) For each value of c, find the solutions, if any, of the equation

1
AX = 3 .
11
[5 marks]

8. (a) Show that sin(x + iy) = sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y, nnd hence, find the values of x and y if the

[4 marks]
imaginary part of sin(x + iy) is zero, where x 0 and y .
2
(b) Find the roots of 4 = 16i, and sketch the roots on an Argand diagram.
[5 marks]

19

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2009

9. A curve has parametric equations

x = t + ln | sinh t| and y = cosech t,
where t 6= 0.
(a) Find

dy
.
dx

(b) Show that

[3 marks]

d2 y
= e2t (cosh t + cosech t).
dx2

(c) Show that the curve has a point of inflexion where t =

10. Using the substitution z =

[2 marks]

1
ln( 5 2).
2

[5 marks]

1
, show that the differential equation
y
dy
2y

= y2
dx
x

may be reduced to
2z
dz
+
= 1.
dx
x
[2 marks]

Hence, find the particular solution y in terms of x for the differential equation given that y = 3 when
x = 1.
[6 marks]
Sketch the graph y.
[3 marks]
11. Find the values of p and q so that 1, 1 and 2 are the characteristic roots of the recurrence relation
an + pan2 + qan3 = 0.
[3 marks]
Using the values of p and q, solve the recurrence relation
p
an + pan2 + qan3 = 1 + bn+1 ,
where n 3, a0 =

1
3
15
, a1 = , a2 =
, and bm satisfies the relation
4
2
4

2
m+1
bm+1 =
bm ,
m

where m 1 and b1 = 9.

[11 marks]

12. If x(t) and y(t) are variables satisfying the differential equations
dy
dx
dy dx
+2
= 2x + 5 and

= 2y + t.
dt
dt
dt
dt
d2 y
dy
+ 4y = 2 2t.
[4 marks]
6
2
dt
dt
(b) find the solution x in terms of t for the second order of differential equation given that y(0) =
y 0 (0) = .
[12 marks]
(a) show that 3

20

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2010

STPM 2010
1. Find the contrapositive, converse, inverse and negation of the quantifier proposition
x R, if x(x + 1) > 0, then x > 0 or x < 1.
[4 marks]

2. Using mathematical induction, show that 22n 1 is a multiple of 3 for all positive integers n.[4 marks]
3. Solve the recurrence relations
(a) an = 22n an1 , where a0 = 1,
(b) an = an1 + 3

n1

[3 marks]

+ 2, where a0 = 0.

4. Show that
1

tan

1
x1

[3 marks]

tan

 
1
= cot1 (x2 x + 1), x > 1.
x
[3 marks]

Hence, find the value of x such that



 


1
1
1
1
1
1
tan
= tan
+ tan
.
x1
x
x+1
[3 marks]

[The principal values of each angle are to be considered.]

5. Given that y = x cos1 x, where 1 < x < 1.
3

d2 y
dy
(a) Show that

1
.
=
x
dx2
dx

[2 marks]

(b) Find the Maclaurin series for y in ascending powers of x up to the term in x5 .

[5 marks]

6. The differential equation

dQ Q
+
=V
dt
C
describes the charge Q on a capacitor of capacitance C during a charging process involving a resistance
R and electromotive force V .
R

(a) Given that Q = 0 when t = 0, express Q as a function of t.

[5 marks]

(b) What happens to Q over a long period of time when R = 10, V = 5 V and C= 2 F?

[2 marks]

1
7. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix 0
3

0 4
2 0 .
1 3

[8 marks]

8. A curve is defined parametrically by

x = 2 cosech3 t, y = 3 coth2 t.

(a) Show that

dx
dt

2


+

dy
dt

2

= 36 cosech4 t coth4 t.

21

[5 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2010

(b) The points A and B in the curve are defined by t = ln 2 and t = ln 3 respectively. Show that
4625
the length of the arc AB is
.
[3 marks]
864
9. Show that
1

coth

1
x = ln
2

x+1
x1


,

where |x| > 1.

[3 marks]

Hence, solve the equation coth1

1+y
y

+ coth1

y
1y

1
= ln 2y.
2

[6 marks]

10. A particle moves in a horizontal straight line. The displacement ar of the particle from a fixed point
at the r-th second (r 2) satisfies the recurrence relation
ar = 9ar2 + br ,
where
br = br1 + 6br2 ,
with a0 = 0, a1 = 4, b0 = 0, and b1 = 10.
(a) Show that br = 2(3r ) + (2)r+1 .

[4 marks]

(b) Find ar in terms of r.

[8 marks]

11. Find the general solution of the first order differential equation
dy
+ 5y = sinh 2x + 2x.
dx
[6 marks]

Hence, solve the second order differential equation

d2 y
dy
+5
= 4 cosh2 x,
2
dx
dx
given that x = 0, y = 1 and

dy
= 3.
dx

[7 marks]

12. (a) Find the fifth roots of unity in the form cos + i sin , where < .
[4 marks]

5
z 2i
(b) By writing the equation (z 2i)5 = (z + 2i)5 in the form
= 1, show that its roots
z + 2i
 

2
and 2 cot
.
[7 marks]
are 2 cot
5
5






2
2
Hence, find the values of cot2
+ cot2
and cot2
cot2
.
[5 marks]
5
5
5
5

22

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2011

STPM 2011
1. Prove by contradiction that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is an irrational
number.
[3 marks]

2. Let pn be the pressure within an enclosed container on day n. The pressure on day n + 1 is
less than that on day n. Show that pn =

3. Show that cos(sin1 x) =

6
p1 .
n(n + 1)(n + 2)

3
pn
n+3
[4 marks]

p
1 x2 , for |x| 1, and hence, find the exact value of
!!
2 2
1
tan sin
.
3
[4 marks]

Z
4. Given that In =

(ln x)n dx. Show that In + nIn1 = e for n 1, and hence, evaluate

(ln x)4 dx.

[6 marks]

5. A complex number z satisfies the inequality |z

3 i| 1.

(a) Sketch, on an Argand diagram, to show the region defined by the inequality.

[3 marks]

(b) Determine the range of the values of |z|.

[2 marks]

(c) Determine the range of the values of arg z.

[2 marks]

6. Find a second order Taylor polynomial for 1 + x about x = 24.

Hence, find an approximate value of 26, and estimate the size of the error.

[4 marks]
[3 marks]

7. The complementary function of the differential equation

dy
d2 y
+p
+ 13y = ex cos x
dx2
dx
is y = e3x (A cos rx + B sin rx).
(a) Determine the values of p and r.

[3 marks]

(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation.

[5 marks]

8. Construct a truth table to show that (p q) p ( q).

[4 marks]
Write an equivalent form for (x, p(x) q(x)). Hence, show the logical step for a statement to be
equivalent to
It is not true that for every hot day, it rains.
[5 marks]

23

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1 QUESTIONS

STPM 2011

9. The arc of a curve y = ln x from x = 1 to x = 8 is revolved about the y-axis through 2 radian.
(a) Show that the surface area of revolution is given by
Z
S = 2

p
1 + p2 dp,

1
y

where p = e .

[3 marks]

(b) Using the substitution p = sinh , show that

"

S = 8 65 2 + ln

!#
8 + 65

.
1+ 2
[7 marks]

10. Show that

1 + cos 2 + i sin 2
= i cot .
1 cos 2 i sin 2

[2 marks]



Hence, show that the roots of the equation (z + i)5 = (z i)5 are cot
5
 
 


2
2
+ cot2
and cot2
cot2
.
Deduce the values of cot2
5
5
5
5


and cot

2
.[6 marks]
5
[4 marks]

11. A square matrix A has an eigenvalue with corresponding eigenvector v. Show that + c is an
eigenvalue of A + cI, where c R and I is identity matrix. Show that v is also an eigenvector of
A + cI corresponding to + c.
[3 marks]
Determine the values of k so that the eigenvalues of the matrix

1 0 2
P = 0 k 0 ,
5 0 6
where k R are all distinct. Find the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of

2 0
Hence, find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix Q = 0 4
5 0

P for k = 1.

2
0.
9

[8 marks]
[4 marks]

12. Using the definitions of sinh x and cosh x,

(a) show that
i. sinh(x y) = sinh x cosh y cosh x sinh y,
ii. tanh(n + 1)x tanh nx = sinh x sech(n + 1)x sech nx.
(b) Given that Sr =

r
X

[3 marks]
[3 marks]

sech(n + 1)xsechnx. Show that

n=1

i. if x 6= 0, then Sr = 2 cosech 2x sinh rx sech(r + 1)x,

ii. if x > 0 and r is very large, then Sr 2ex cosech 2x.

24

[5 marks]
[4 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

25

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2002

STPM 2002
1. State the relationship between the sum of degree of vertices and the number of edges in a simple
graph. Deduce that a simple graph with five vertices of degree 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 is impossible.
[4 marks]
2. Given that points O, P , and Q non-colinear, R lies on the line P Q. Position vector of P , Q, and R
respect to O are p, q, and r respectively. Show that r = p + (1 )q, where is a real number.
[2 marks]

If R is the perpendicular foot form O to P Q, show that

r=

|q|2 p q
|p|2 p q
p
+
q.
|p q|2
|p q|2
[4 marks]

3. Prove that the planes ax + by + cz = d and a0 x + b0 y + c0 z = d0 are parallel if and only if a : b : c = a0 :

b0 : c0 . Find the equation of the plane that is parallel to the plane 3x + 2y 5z = 2 and contains
the point (-1, 1, 3).
[5 marks]
Find the perpendicular distance between the plan and the plane 3x + 2y 5z = 2.
[2 marks]
4. Draw a connected graph with eight vertices, with no degree 1, if the graph is
(a) Eulerian and Hamiltonian,

[2 marks]

(b) not Eulerian but Hamiltonian,

[2 marks]

(c) Eulerian but not Hamiltonian,

[2 marks]

(d) not Eulerian and not Hamiltonian.

[2 marks]

5. Transformation P is defined by
 

 
x
1 1
x
P :

y
0 1
y
(a) Find the invariant line that passes through origin under transformation P .

[6 marks]

(b) Find the area of the image of triangle ABC with points A(0, 2), B(3, 0), and C(1, 4) under
the transformation P .
[3 marks]
6. Let n N and n 2.
(a) If n = 6k + 1 or n = 6k + 5, with k integer, prove that 2n + n2 0(mod 3).
n

(b) If 2 + n is a prime number, prove that n 3(mod 6).

[9 marks]
[4 marks]

7. Continuous random variable Z is standard normal random variable. State the exact name of the
distribution Z 2 , and state the mean and variance.
[3 marks]
8. A survey carried out in an area to estimate the proportion of people who have more than one house.
This proportion is estimated using 95% confidence interval. If the estimated proportion is 0.35,
determine the smallest sample size required so that estimation error did not exceed 0.03 and deduce
the smallest sample size required so that the estimation error did not exceed 0.01.
[7 marks]
9. A random sample
apples from a box of apples. The mass of apples, in g, is
Xof 12 randomly selected
X
2
summarized by
x = 956.2 and
x = 81175.82. Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean
mass of apples in the box. State any assumptions you make.
[7 marks]
26

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2002

10. Random variable X is normally distributed with mean and variance 36. The significance tests
performed on the null hypothesis H0 : = 70 versus the alternative hypothesis H1 : 6= 70 with a
probability of type I error equal to 0.01. A random sample of 30 observations of X are taken and
sample mean barX taken as the test statistic. Find the range of the test statistic lies in the critical
region.
[8 marks]
11. State common conditions apply to the distribution of test statistics in the test of goodness of fit, 2 is
approximated to 2 distribution.
[2 marks]
A study was conducted in a factory on the number of accidents that happen on 100 factory workers
in a period of time. The following data were obtained.
Number of accident
Number of workers

0
25

1
31

2
23

3
13

4
5

5
3

Test, at 1% significant level, whether the data above is a sample from the Poisson distribution with
parameter 1.5.
[10 marks]
12. Explain the least squares method to obtain equation of regression line, using diagram.
Five pairs of value of variable x and y are given by
x
y

30
90

40
84

50
82

60
77

[3 marks]

70
68

(a) Obtain the equation of the least squares regression line of y on x in the form y = a + bx, by
giving the values of a and b correct to one decimal places.
[7 marks]
(b) When the sixth pair (x6 , y6 ) is combined with the five pairs of values above, the equation of the
1
least squares regression line of y on x from the six pairs of values is y = 105 x. Find x6 and
2
y6 .
[6 marks]

27

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2003

STPM 2003
1. Let T : R2 R2 be a linear transformation such that
 
 
 
 
1
2
0
1
T:

, T:

.
1
3
1
2
Show that

 


a
a+b
T:

.
b
5a + 2b
[4 marks]

2. Solve the pair of congruences

x
x

1
5

(mod 6),
(mod 11).
[5 marks]

3. The vector equations of two intersecting lines are given by r = 2i + j + (i + j + 2k) and r =
2i + 2j k + (i + 2j + k).
(a) Determine the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two lines.

[3 marks]

(b) Find the acute angle between the two lines.

[4 marks]

4. Find the greatest common divisor of 2501 and 2173 and express it in the form 2501m + 2173n, where
m and n are integers which are to be determined.
[6 marks]
Find the smallest positive integer p such that 9977 + p = 2501x + 2173y, where x and y are integers.
[3 marks]

5. Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and m edges. Prove that m

1
n(n 1).
2

If n = 11 and m = 46, show that G is connected.

[4 marks]
[7 marks]

6. Describe the transformation in the xy-plane represented by the matrix

5
2
3
3

.
5
2

3
3
[3 marks]

(a) Show that the equation of the invariant line which contains the invariant points is y =
and find the equation of the other invariant line which passes through the origin.

!
3 5
x,
2
[7 marks]

(b) The points P and Q are (2, 1) and (3, 0) respectively.

Find the coordinates of the point T
!
3 5
which lies on the invariant line y =
x such that the sum of the distance between P
2
and T and the distance between Q and T is minimum.
[4 marks]
7. A random sample X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn is taken from a normal population with mean and variance 1.
lies within 0.2
Determine the smallest sample size which is required so that the probability that X
of is at least 0.90.
[5 marks]
28

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

8. In a chi-square test, the test statistic is given by 2 =

STPM 2003

k
X
(Oi Ei )2
i=1

Ei

, where Oi is the observed

frequency, Ei the expected frequency, and k > 2. Show that

k
X
(Oi Ei )2
i=1

where N =

k
X
i=1

Oi =

k
X

Ei

k
X
O2
i

i=1

Ei

N,

Ei .

[2 marks]

i=1

A car model has four colours: white, red, blue, and green. From a random sample of 60 cars of that
model in Kuala Lumpur, 13 are white, 14 are red, 16 are blue, and 17 are green. Test, at the 5%
significance level, whether the number of cars of each colour of that model in Kuala Lumpur is the
same.
[5 marks]
9. Explain what a least square regression line means.
[3 marks]
The life (x thousand hours) and charge (y amperes) of a type of battery may be related by the least
square regression line y = 7.80 1.72x.
(a) Determine, on the average, the reduction in the charge of the batteries after they have been
used for 1000 hours.
[2 marks]
(b) Find the mean charge of the batteries after they have been used for 3000 hours.

[2 marks]

10. The mean and standard deviation of the yield of a type of rice in Malaysia are 960 kg per hectare and
192 kg per hectare respectively. From a random sample of 30 farmers in Kedah who plant this rice,
the mean yield of rice is 996 kg per hectare. Test, at the 5% significance level, the hypothesis that the
mean yield of rice in Kedah is more than the mean yield of rice in Malaysia. Give any assumptions
that need to be made in the test of this hypothesis.
[8 marks]
11. Let Pearsons correlation coefficient between variables x and y for a random sample be r.
(a) If all the points on the scatter diagram lie on the line y = c, where c is a constant, comment on
the values of r.
[2 marks]
(b) If all the points on the scatter diagram lie on the line y = a + bx, where a and b are constants
b
[6 marks]
and b 6= 0, show that r = and deduce the possible values of r.
b2
12. Out of 100 corn seeds of type A which are planted in a certain area, 24 seeds fail to germinate. Out
of 50 corn seeds of type B which are planted in that area, 4 seeds fail to germinate.
(a) Find a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of corn seeds of type A which fail to germinate
in that area.
[5 marks]
(b) By considering an appropriate 2 2 contingency table, test, at the 5% significance level, the
hypothesis that the proportions of corn seeds of type A and of type B which fail to germinate
in that area arc the same.
[10 marks]

29

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2004

STPM 2004
1. Write down an incidence matrix for the graph given below. What can be said about the sum of the
entries in any row and the sum of the entries in any column of this incidence matrix?
[4 marks]

v1

v2

e1

e2

e6
e5

e3

v3

v4
e4
v5

2. The straight line joining the points (0, 0, 1) and (1, 0, 0) intersects the plane x + y + 2z + 2 = 0. Find
the coordinates of the point of intersection.
[5 marks]
3. Define a simple graph.
State whether there exists a simple graph with

[1 marks]

(a) eight vertices of degrees 7, 7, 7, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4;

(b) five vertices of degrees 2, 3, 4, 4, 5.
For each case, construct a simple graph if it exists, or give a reason if there does not exist a simple
graph.
[5 marks]


3
1
4. The point P lies on the line r = 3 + t 4 and the point Q lies on the plane whose equation is
8
3
r (3i + 6j + 2k) = 22 such that P Q is perpendicular to the plane.
(a) Find the coordinates of P and Q in terms of t.

[6 marks]

(b) Find the vector equation of the locus of the midpoint of P Q.

[3 marks]

5. T : R2 R2 is a linear transformation such that the images of the points (1, 2) and (1, 0) are the
points (3, 2) and (1, 0) respectively.
(a) Find the matrix which represents T.

[4 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the line which is the image of the line y = mx + c under T.

[6 marks]

6. Define the congruence a b(mod m).

[1 marks]
3
3
Solve each of the congruences x 2(mod 3) and x 2(mod 5). Deduce the set of positive integers
which satisfy both the congruences.
[9 marks]
Hence, find the positive integers x and y which satisfy the equation x3 + 15xy = 12152.
[5 marks]
7. The Pearson correlation coefficient between two variables X and Y for a random sample is 0.

30

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2004

(a) State whether this means that there is no linear relation between X and Y . Sketch a scatter
diagram for X and Y .
[2 marks]
(b) State whether this means that X and Y are independent. Give a reason for your answer.[2 marks]
8. A normal population has mean and variance 2 .
(a) Explain briefly what a 95% confidence interval for means.

[2 marks]

(b) From a random sample, it is found that the 95% confidence interval for is (1.5, 3.8). State
whether it is true that the probability that lies in the interval is 0.95. Give a reason. [2 marks]
(c) A total of 120 random samples of size 50 are taken from the population and for each sample a
95% confidence interval for is calculated. Find the number of 95% confidence intervals which
are expected to contain .
[1 marks]
9. The equation of the regression line of the variable X on variable Y is x = 2y + 11. The Pearson
2
correlation coefficient between X and Y is . The means of X and Y are 5 and 3 respectively.
5
Find the equation of the regression line of Y on X.
[6 marks]
10. In order to investigate whether the level of education and the opinion on a social issue are independent,
1300 adults are interviewed. The following table shows the results of the interviews.
Level of education
University
College
High school
Total

Opinion on the social issue

Agree
Disagree
450
18
547
30
230
25
1227
73

Total
468
577
255
1300

Determine, at the 1% significance level, whether the level of education and the opinion on the social
issue are independent.
[9 marks]
11. A petroleum company claims that its petrol has a RON rating of at least 97. From a random sample
of 15 petrol stations selling the petrol, the mean RON rating is found to be 96.30.
Assuming that the RON rating of the petrol of the petroleum company has a normal distribution
with standard deviation 3.21,
(a) test the claim of the petroleum company at the 2.5% significance level,

[6 marks]

(b) determine the smallest sample size required so that the null hypothesis in the test of the
petroleum companys claim is rejected at the 5% significance level.
[6 marks]
12. In a survey on the quality of service provided by a bank, 12 out of 150 customers think that the
service is unsatisfactory while the other 138 customers think otherwise.
Test the hypothesis that the proportion of customers who think that the service is unsatisfactory is
0.10
(a) by using a 99% confidence interval,

[7 marks]

(b) by carrying out a significance test at the 1% significance level.

[6 marks]

Comment on methods (a) and (b) used in the test of the hypothesis.

[2 marks]

31

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2005

STPM 2005
1. What is a graph and what does the degree of a vertex of a graph mean?

[3 marks]

2. Show that (x, 12) = 1 and (x, 15) = 1 if and only if (x, 30) = 1, where (a, b) denotes the greatest
common divisor of a and b. Hence, find all integers x such that (x, 12) = 1 and (x, 15) = 1. [6 marks]
3. Four schools P , Q, R and S each has team A and team B in a tournament. The teams from the
same school do not play against each other. At a certain stage of the tournament, the numbers of
games played by the teams, except team A of school P , are distinct. Determine the number of games
played by team B of school P .
[7 marks]
4. Using the definition of congruence, prove that if x, r and q are integers and x r(mod q), then
xn rn (mod q) where n is a positive integer.
[4 marks]
Hence, show that 19n + 39n 2(mod 8) for every integer n 1.
[6 marks]
5. T : R2 R2 is a linear transformation such that
 
 
 
 
1
3
2
6
T:

, and T :

.
1
4
1
4
 
 
 
   
1
1
2
1
3
(a) By expressing
as a linear combination of
and
, show that T
=
. Find
0
1
1
0
0
 
0
also T
. Hence, write down the matrix representing T.
[6 marks]
1
(b) Find the image of the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 under T.

[4 marks]

6. The line l has equation r = 2i + j + (2i + k) and the plane has equation r = i + 3j k + (2i +
k) + v(i + 4j).
(a) The points P and Q lie on l and respectively. The point R lies on the line P Q, where
P R = 2RQ. If P and Q move on l and respectively, find the equation of the locus of R.
[6 marks]

(b) The points L and M have coordinates (0, 1, 1) and (1, 5, 2) respectively. Show that L lies
on l and M lies on .
[3 marks]
Determine the sine of the acute angle between the line LM and the plane and the shortest distance
from L to .
[6 marks]
7. In a study on the petrol consumption of cars, it is found that the mean mileage per litre of petrol for
24 cars of the same engine capacity is 15.2 km with a standard deviation of 4.2 km. Calculate the
standard error of the mean mileage and interpret this standard error.
[3 marks]
8. The mass of a particular type of steel sheet produced by a factory has a normal distribution. The
mean mass of a random sample of 14 sheets is 72.5 kg and the standard deviation is 3.2 kg. Calculate
a 95% confidence interval for the mean mass of the steel sheets produced by the factory.
[4 marks]
9. Explain what is meant by significance level in the context of hypothesis testing.
[2 marks]
In a goodness-of-fit test for the null hypothesis that the binomial distribution is an adequate model
for the data, the test statistic is found to have the value 19.38 with 7 degrees of freedom. Find the
smallest significance level at which the null hypothesis is rejected.
[2 marks]
32

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2005

10. The lifespan of a type of bulb is known to be normally distributed with standard deviation 150 hours.
The supplier of the bulbs claims that the mean lifespan is more than 5500 hours. The lifespans, in
hours, of a random sample of 15 bulbs are as follows.
5260
5600

5400
5780

5820
5520

5530
5500

5380
5360

5460
5620

5510
5430

5520

(a) State the appropriate hypotheses to test the suppliers claim and carry out the hypothesis test
at the 5% significance level.
[8 marks]
(b) If the true mean lifespan is 5550 hours, find the probability that the test gives a correct decision.
[4 marks]

11. The following table shows the frequency distribution of passengers (excluding the driver) per car in
a town for a particular period. The data could be a sample from a Poisson distribution.
Number of passengers
Frequency

0
241

1
211

2
104

3
35

4
7

5
0

6
2

(a) Find all the expected frequencies for the distribution correct to two decimal places.

[3 marks]

(b) Calculate the values of the goodness-of-fit statistic

i. without combining any frequency classes,
ii. with the last three frequency classes being combined.
Comment on the values obtained and explain any differences.

[6 marks]

(c) Using the value of the statistic in (b)(ii), test for goodness of fit at the 5% significance level.
[3 marks]

12. The following table shows the values of the variable y corresponding to seven accurately specified
values of the variable x.
y
x

800
2

920
3

1280
5

1500
5

(a) Plot a scatter diagram of loge y against loge x.

4020
8

6200
10

6800
12
[3 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the least squares regression line of the form loge y = 0 + 1 loge x, with
0 and 1 correct to two decimal places.
[5 marks]
(c) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient r between loge y and loge x. Interpret your value
of r and comment on this value with respect to the scatter diagram in (a).
[6 marks]

33

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2006

STPM 2006
1. The points A, B and C are three collinear points on a cartesian plane and T(A) = A1 , T(B) = B1 and
T(C) = C1 , where T : R2 R2 is a linear transformation. If AB : BC = m : n, find A1 B1 : B1 C1 .
[3 marks]

2. Using congruence properties, prove that 2mn 1 is divisible by 2m 1 for all integers m, n l.
[3 marks]

Deduce that, if 2p 1 is a prime number, then p is a prime number.

[3 marks]

3. The matrix M represents

in the xy-plane about the origin through an angle
 an anticlockwise rotation

cos 2 cos sin
. The matrix N =
represents the combined effect of the transformation
sin 2 sin + cos
represented by a matrix K followed by the transformation represented by M. Find K and describe
the transformation represented by K.
[7 marks]
4. Graphs G1 , G2 and G3 are given as follows.

(a) Draw an eulerian circuit for the graph which is eulerian.

[3 marks]

(b) Draw a hamiltonian cycle for each of the graphs which is hamiltonian.

[3 marks]

(c) For the graph which is not hamiltonian, determine how it could be made into a hamiltonian
graph by adding an edge.
[1 marks]
(d) For each of the graphs which is not eulerian, determine how it could be made into an eulerian
graph by deleting or adding an edge.
[2 marks]
5. Using Euclids algorithm, find g.c.d.(6893, 11 639).
[3 marks]
If n is an integer between 20 000 and 700 000 such that the remainder is 6893 when n is divided by
11 639, find g.c.d.(6893, n).
[7 marks]
6. The planes 1 and 2 with equations x y + 2z = 1 and 2x + y z = 0 respectively intersect in the
line l. The point A has coordinates (1,0, 1).
(a) Calculate the acute angle between 1 and 2 .
[2 marks]

1
2
(b) Explain why the vector 1 1 is in the direction of l. Hence, show that the equation
2
1
of l is


0
1
r = 1 + t 5 .
1
3
where t is a parameter.

[5 marks]

(c) Find the equation of the plane passing through A and containing l.

[3 marks]

(d) Find the equation of the plane passing through A and perpendicular to l.

[2 marks]

34

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2006

(e) Determine the distance from A to l.

[3 marks]

7. The length of a species of fish is normally distributed with mean and standard deviation 10 cm.
If the sample mean of 50 fish is greater than 35 cm, the null hypothesis = 32.5 cm is rejected in
favour of the alternative hypothesis > 32.5 cm. Find the probability of making a type I error. Find
also the probability of making a type II error when = 34 cm.
[5 marks]
8. A property agent believes that the price of a house in a certain district depends principally on its
built-up area. The prices (p thousand ringgit) of eight houses in different parts of the district and
their built-up areas (a square metres) are summarised as follows:
X
X
X
X
X
a = 2855,
p = 1689,
ap = 827550,
a2 = 1400925,
p2 = 489181.
(a) Find the equation of the regression line in the form p = 0 + 1 a, with p as the dependent
variable and a the independent variable.
[5 marks]
(b) Give a reason why it is not suitable to use your regression equation to make predictions when
a = 0.
[1 marks]
9. The average duration of an electronic device to retain information after the power is switched off is
normally distributed with a mean of 0 and an unknown variance.
It is of interest to determine whether there is an improvement in the performance of this device when
a component is added. A random sample of n such duration yields mean x
and variance s2 .
(a) State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses. Explain briefly your choice of the alternative hypothesis.
[2 marks]
(b) Write down the test statistic and the critical region at the 5% significant level for each of the
following cases.
i. n = 100
ii. n = 16
[5 marks]

10. A survey is to be carried out to estimate the proportion p of households having personal computers.
This estimate must be within 0.02 of the population proportion at a confidence level of 95%.
(a) If p is estimated to be 0.12, find the smallest sample size required.

[4 marks]

(b) If the value of p is unknown, determine whether a sample size of 2500 is sufficient.

[4 marks]

11. The following table shows the annual salary and experience of nine randomly selected engineers.
Salary (thousand of riggit)
Experience (year)

88
12

48
4

60
6

70
7

62
5

78
10

100
18

52
5

110
19

(a) Plot a scatter diagram. What do you expect of the relationship between the salary and experience based on the scatter diagram?
[4 marks]
(b) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the salary and experience. Explain whether
the value of the correlation coefficient is consistent with what you expect in part (a). [7 marks]
12. What is meant by a contingency table?
[1 marks]
A survey is carried out on a random sample of 820 persons who are asked whether students who
break school rules should be caned. The results of the survey are as follows.
35

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

hhhh

hhh
Opinion
hhhh
hhh
Education level
h
High school
College
University

STPM 2006

Yes

No

Not sure

125
98
100

65
68
80

100
64
120

Carry out chi-squared tests to determine whether educational level is related to the opinion on caning
at the significance levels of 1% and 2%.
[10 marks]
Comment on the conclusions of these tests.
[2 marks]

36

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2007

STPM 2007
1. Two graphs G1 and G2 are shown below.

(a) State, with reasons, which is an eulerian graph and which is not.
(b) Find an eulerian circuit for the eulerian graph.

[3 marks]
[2 marks]

2. If a simple graph has n vertices where n 2, show that at least two vertices are of the same degree.
[4 marks]

Give a counter example to show that the result is not true for a graph which is not a simple graph.
[2 marks]

3. The line which passes through the points A(6, 1, 7) and B(6, 3, 1) cuts the plane 3x y + 2z = 5
at the point P . Show that the points A and B are on the opposite sides of the plane, and find the
ratio AP : BP .
[6 marks]
4. (a) Find all integers x that satisfy the congruence
2x 0 (mod 6).
[3 marks]

(b) Find all integers x and y that satisfy the pair of congruences
2x + y
x + 3y

1
3

(mod 6),
(mod 6).
[6 marks]

5. A linear transformation f : R2 R2 is defined by f(u) = v, where u =

 


x
x+y
and v =
.
y
xy

(a) If f(u) = Au, where A is a 2 2 matrix, find A.

[2 marks]
(b) If f2 (u) = Bu, where f2 (u) = (f f)(u) and B is a 2 2 matrix, find B and verify that B = A2 .
[3 marks]
n

n1

(c) By using mathematical induction, show that f (u) = A u, where f (u) = (f f

)(u), for all
integers n 1.
[4 marks]
0
0
0
(d) The points P , Q and R are the images of the vertices P , Q and R respectively of a triangle
under the transformation fn . If the area of the triangle P QR is 8 units2 , find the area of the
triangle P 0 Q0 R0 .
[3 marks]
6. Two straight lines l1 and l2 have equations 2x + 4 = 2y 4 = z 4 and 2x = y + 1 = z + 3
respectively. Determine whether l1 and l2 intersect.
[7 marks]
The points P and Q lie on l1 and l2 respectively, and the point R divides P Q in the ratio 2:3. Find
the equation of the locus of R.
[6 marks]
37

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2007

7. (a) Explain briefly why it is advisable to plot a scatter diagram before interpreting a Pearson
correlation coefficient for a sample of bivariate distribution.
[2 marks]
(b) Sketch a scatter diagram with five data-points for each of the following cases.
i. The Pearson correlation coefficient of two variables is close to 0 but there is an obvious
relation between them.
[1 marks]
ii. The Pearson correlation coefficient of two variables is close to 1 but there is no linear relation
between them.
[1 marks]
8. The lengths of petals taken from a particular species of flowers have mean 80 cm and variance 30
cm2 . Determine the sampling distribution of the sample mean if 100 petals are chosen at random.
[3 marks]

Hence, find the probability that the sample mean is at least two standard deviations from the mean.
[3 marks]

9. It is found that 5% of doctors in a particular country play golf. Find, to three decimal places, the
probability that, in a random sample of 50 doctors, two play golf.
[2 marks]
Hence, state the sampling distribution of the proportion of the doctors who play golf, and construct
a 98% confidence interval for the proportion.
[5 marks]
10. A farmer wishes to find out the effect of a new feed on his calves. The average weight gain of a calf
on the original feed in a month is normally distributed with mean 10 kg. In a particular month, the
farmer gives the new feed to 16 calves. It is found that the average weight gain of a calf on the new
feed is 11.5 kg with a standard deviation of 2.5 kg.
(a) State appropriate hypotheses for a significant test.

[2 marks]

(b) Carry out the test at the 5% significance level.

[7 marks]

11. In a psychological study, 50 persons are asked to answer four multiple-choice questions. The answers obtained are compared with the predetermined answers. The data is recorded as a frequency
distribution as follows:
Number of matched answers
Frequency

0
10

1
15

2
8

3
5

4
12

A psychologist suggests that the data fits the following probability distribution.
Number of matched answers
Probability

0
0.08

1
0.10

2
0.15

3
0.25

4
0.42

(a) Calculate the expected frequencies based on the probability distribution.

[2 marks]

(b) Determine whether there is significant evidence, at the 5% significant level, to reject the suggestion.
[8 marks]
12. A study is carried out to determine the effect of exercise frequency on lung capacity. The exercise
frequency in weeks is denoted by X and the percentage increase in lung capacity by Y . The data
obtained from 10 volunteers are summarised as follows:
X
X
X
X
X
x = 319,
x2 = 11053,
y = 530,
y 2 = 30600,
xy = 18055.
(a) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient and describe the relationship between X and Y .
[5 marks]

38

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

(b) Calculate the coefficient of determination and interpret its value.

STPM 2007
[2 marks]

(c) Find the equation of the regression line in the form y = a + bx, where a and b are correct to two
decimal places.
[4 marks]
(d) Predict the mean value of the percentage increase in lung capacity if the exercise frequency is
25 weeks. State your assumption in obtaining the predicted value.
[2 marks]

39

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2008

STPM 2008
1. If n is an odd integer, prove that x2 y 2 = 2n has no solution in the set of integers.

[4 marks]

2. The adjacency matrix of a graph G is

0
1

1
1

1
0
1
0
0

0
1
0
1
1

1
0
1
0
0

1
0

1
.
0
0

(a) Draw the graph G.

[2 marks]

(b) Distinguish the vertices of the graph G using minimum number ofc olours such that vertices of
the same colour are not adjacent.
[2 marks]
(c) State the type of the graph G.

[1 marks]

3. Find the equation of the plane which is parallel to the plane 3x + 2y 6z 24 = 0 and passes through
the point (1, 0, 0). Hence, determine the distance between these two planes.
[6 marks]
4. A graph is given as follows:

(a) Find the total number of paths with the end vertices a and b.

[3 marks]

(b) Write down the degree sequence of the graph, (d1 , d2 , . . . , d9 ), in ascending order.
[2 marks]


9
X di
(c) Show that the total number of paths consisting of three vertices is
and determine its
2
i=2
value.
[4 marks]


0
1
5. The points A and B lie on the line r = 3 + 1, and the distance of each point is three units
6
4
from the origin O.
(a) Determine the coordinates of A and B.

[6 marks]

(b) Find the area of the triangle OAB.

[3 marks]

6. A linear transformation T : R2 R2 maps


   
 
 
 
0
2
1
3
1
3
into
,
into
and
into
.
1
2
1
6
0
5

(a) Find the matrices A and C such that

 
 
x
x
T
=A
+ C.
y
y
[6 marks]

40

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2008

(b) The transformation T is equivalent to a transformation U followed by a transformation V.

Determine the images of the points P1 (0, 0), P2 (0, 2), P3 (1, 2) and P4 (1, 0) under T, and hence
describe U and V.
[6 marks]
(c) Determine the image of the straight line y = 2x under T.

[3 marks]

7. A set of sample data for two random variables X and Y gives the results
X
X
X
(x x
)2 = 72,
(y y)2 = 57,
(x x
)(x y) = 36.
(a) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient r between X and Y , and interpret the value of r
obtained.
[3 marks]
(b) What is the value of r if each value of x is increased by 0.3 whereas the value of y remain
unchanged? Give a reason.
[2 marks]
8. A machine is regulated to dispense a chocolate drink into cups. From a random sample of 100 cups
of the chocolate drink dispensed, it is found that the cocoa content in one cup of the chocolate drink
has mean 5 g and standard deviation 0.5 g. The owner of the machine uses the confidence interval
(4.900 g, 5.100 g) to estimate the mean cocoa content in one cup of the chocolate drink.
(a) Identify the population parameter under study.

[1 marks]

(b) Determine the confidence level for the confidence interval used.

[5 marks]

9. The masses of watermelon produced by a farmer are normally distributed with mean 3 kg. The
farmer decides to use a new organic fertiliser for his crop if the mean mass of a random sample of 10
watermelons using the new organic fertiliser exceeds k kg. For this random sample of 10 watermelons,
the standard deviation is 0.65 kg. The farmer uses a probability of Type I error equal to 0.01 in
making his decision.
(a) State what is meant by a Type I error.

[1 marks]

(b) Determine the value of k.

[5 marks]

10. For a set of data, the least-squares regression line of y on x is

y = 100.15 + 0.25x.
(a) Explain the method used to estimate the coefficient of x and the constant in the equation of the
regression line. State an appropriate assumption.
[4 marks]
(b) What is the percentage error in the estimation of value of y when x = 2500 using the regression
line, given that the actual value of y is 850?
[4 marks]
11. Two hundred patients with a certain skin disorder are treated for five days either with cream A or
cream B. The following table shows the number of patients recorded as no recovery, partial recovery
or complete recovery.
Type of cream
A
B

No recovery
25
10

Number of patients
Partial recovery Complete recovery
30
45
25
65

(a) Calculate the percentage of patients with improvement for each type of cream used and comment
on your answers.
[2 marks]
(b) Determine, at the 5% significance level, whether the condition of a patient is independent of the
type of cream used.
[9 marks]
41

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

(c) What conclusion can be made based on the results in (a) and (b)?

STPM 2008
[1 marks]

12. A manufacturer produces a new type of paint. He claims that the paint has 0.04% lead content by
weight. A random sample of 25 tins (1 kg per tin) of the paint is analysed to determine the lead
content. Sample mean and standard deviation of the lead content in a kilogramme of paint are 0.38
g and 0.1 g respectively.
(a) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean lead content in a kilogramme of paint. State
your assumption.
[5 marks]
(b) What is the effect on the confidence interval obtained in (a) if the sample size is increased to
100?
[2 marks]
(c) Carry out a test, at the 1% significance level, to test the manufacturers claim.

[6 marks]

(d) Relate the confidence interval obtained in (a) with the result of the test in (c).

[2 marks]

42

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2009

STPM 2009
1. Let Krs be a complete bipartite graph, where r s. Each of the r vertices in a partite set is connected
to each of the s vertices in another partite set. If Krs has 36 edges and 15 vertices. find r and s.
[4 marks]


a b
. If the images of the points
3 a
(a, 1) and (2, a) are (a + 2, 2b) and (2b, 7) respectively under T, find the values of a and b.[6 marks]

2. T : R2 R2 is a linear transformation represented by a matrix

3. For any integers a and b, prove that if a divides b then a3 divides b3 .

Hence, determine whether 64 divides [(5n + 1)2 (3n + 5)2 ]3 , where n is an integer.

[3 marks]

4. (a) Define a walk of a graph.

[2 marks]

[4 marks]

(b) Graph G is given as follows:

V4

V5

V2

V1

V3

i. Find all walks of length two from vertex V2 to vertex Vi where i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and represent
them by a row matrix.
[2 marks]
ii. Find all walks of length two from vertex Vr . where r = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, to vertex V4 , and
represent them by a column matrix.
[1 marks]
iii. Find the total number of possible walks of length four from vertex V2 to vertex V4 .[3 marks]
5. (a) If g.c.d.(a, m)=1, show that there exists a solution for ax b (mod m).

[3 marks]

(b) Deduce that, if g.c.d.(ad bc, n)=1, then a solution exists for the system of linear congruences
k
l

ax + by
cx + dy

(mod n),
(mod n).

Hence, solve the system of linear congruences

7x + 3y
2x + 5y

10
9

(mod 16),
(mod 16).
[7 marks]

6. (a) Find the equation of line l1 , passing through points A and B, where the position vectors of
points A and B are a and b respectively.
[1 marks]
(b) R is a point on the line l1 in (a). If point C has position vector c,

i. find CR in terms of vectors a, b and c.

ii. prove that CR AB = a b + b c + c a,
iii. deduce the shortest distance of the point C from the line l1 .
(c)

[1 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]

i. Find the distance of point T (1+3k, 2+k, 52k) to line l2 passing through points P (4, 4, 4)
and Q(3, 2, 1) in terms of k.
[3 marks]

43

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2009

ii. Deduce the distance between skew lines l2 and l3 , where the equation of line l3 , is given by


1
3
t = 2 + k 1 .
5
2
[4 marks]

7. A local automobile manufacturing company studies the relationship between the age (x years) and
the price (y thousand RM) of one of its car models. The data obtained from a random sample of ten
cars of this model are as follows:
(1, 70), (2, 65), (3, 60), (4, 55), (5, 50), (6, 45), (7, 40), (8, 35), (9, 30) and (10, 20)
Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the age and the price of this car model, and
interpret the value obtained.
[5 marks]
8. A medical researcher wishes to study whether the severity of a certain lung ailment is related to the
smoking habit of a patient. A patient who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day on the average is
classified as a heavy smoker. A random sample of 96 patients was taken. It is found that from 43
patients with mild lung ailment, 23 are light smokers while the rest are heavy smokers. The remaining
53 patients with severe lung ailment, 39 patients are heavy smokers.
(a) Tabulate the data in an appropriate contingency table.

[1 marks]

(b) Determine, at 5% significance level, whether the severity of the lung ailment and the smoking
habit are independent.
[5 marks]
9. Tte monthly salary of engineers working in a town has a normal distribution. The mean monthly
salary of a random sample of 16 engineers is RM5280 and the standard deviation is RM480.
(a) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean monthly salary of an engineer in the town.
Interpret your answer.
[4 marks]
(b) A statistician finds that the confidence interval obtained in (a) is too wide. Suggest, with reasons
a method for reducing the width of the confidence interval but maintaining the confidence level.
[3 marks]

10. An electronic component produced by a factory is found to have at most five defects. A supervisor
at the factory conducts a study on the number of defects found in the electronic components. One
thousand electronic components have been selected at random and inspected. The number of defects
found and their respective frequency arc given as follows:
Number of defects
Frequency

0
33

1
145

2
337

3
286

4
174

5
25

(a) Test, at 5% and 20% significance levels, whether the binomial distribution with probability of
defect p = 0.5 fits the data.
[7 marks]
(b) Recommend, with a reason, an appropriate conclusion for part (a).

[2 marks]

11. The lifespan (in kilometres) of a tyre is defined as the distance travelled before wearing out. A tyre
manufacturer claims that the mean lifespan of its tyre is at least 50 000 km. In order to test this
claim, a consumer association takes a random sample of 121 tyres. The mean and standard deviation
of the lifespan for the sample are 49 200 km and 2500 km respectively.
(a) Determine the distribution of the sample mean lifespan of the tyres if the lifespan of the tyres
is assumed to have
44

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

i. a normal distribution,
ii. an unknown distribution.

STPM 2009
[1 marks]
[1 marks]

(b) Assuming that the lifespan of the tyres has a normal distribution, state the appropriate hypotheses to test the manufacturers claim, and carry out the hypothesis test at the 1% significance
level.
[5 marks]
(c) If the true mean lifespan of a tyre is 49 400 km. determine the probability of type II error in
(b).
[3 marks]
12. A study on the relationship between amount of time spent on revision X (in hours) and performance
in a final examination Y (scores of 0 to 100) for 10 female undergraduates are summarised as follows:
X
X
X
X
X
x = 725,
x2 = 54625,
y = 696,
y 2 = 49376,
xy = 51705
(a) Find the equation of the regression line in the form y = 0 + 1 x, where y is the dependent
variable and x the independent variable. Interpret the value of 1 obtained.
[7 marks]
(b) Using the regression line obtained, predict the mean value of y when x = 70, and state your
assumption.
[2 marks]
(c) Find the coefficient of determination D between the amount of time spent on revision and the
performance in a final examination of the undergraduates. Hence, interpret the value of D.
[4 marks]

45

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2010

STPM 2010
1. Show that 9n 1 is divisible by 8 for every positive integer n.

2. Find the coordinates of the point P on the line

Q(9, 4, 3).

[3 marks]

x
y1
z3
=
=
which is closest to the point
5
1
2
[6 marks]

3. T : R2 R2 is a linear transformation such that the matrix which represents T is

4
1

and describe the image of the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 under the transformation T.

Hence, determine the area of the image.


2
. Find
2
[5 marks]
[2 marks]

4. The transformation M is a rotation 45 anticlockwise about the origin. The transformation N is an

enlargement with the origin as the centre of enlargement and scale factor k. The transformation NM
maps the points (0, 1) and (3, 1) into the points (1, 1) and (4, 2) respectively.
(a) Find the matrix representing the transformation M.

[2 marks]

(b) Find the matrix representing the transformation NM.

[4 marks]

(c) Determine the value of k.

[2 marks]

5. The line l has the equation

y4
z5
x+7
=
=
and the plane has the equation 4x2y 5z = 8.
1
3
2

(a) Determine whether the line l is parallel to the plane .

[5 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the plane that is perpendicular to the plane and contains the points
Q(2, 0, 3) and R(2, 1, 7).
[6 marks]
6. The simple graph G with its vertex set V (G) = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} is shown below.

(a) State, with a reason, whether G is an Eulerian graph.

[2 marks]

(b) Find the largest cycle in G, and determine whether G is a Hamiltonian graph.

[4 marks]

(c) The subgraph S of G is obtained by removing the vertex g together with all the edges adjacent
to it.
i. Draw the subgraph S.
ii. Determine whether S is a connected graph.
iii. Determine whether S is a bipartite graph.

[2 marks]
[2 marks]
[3 marks]

7. The mean mark of an English test for a random sample of 50 form five students in a particular state
is 47.7. A hypothesis test is to be carried out to determine whether the mean mark for all the form
46

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2010

five students in the state is greater than 45.0. Using a population standard deviation of 13 marks,
carry out the hypothesis test at the 10% significance level.
[6 marks]
8. The relationships between two variables x and y are shown in the graphs below.

Suggest a value for Pearson correlation coefficient r if the outlier is not taken into account, and
comment on the effect of the outlier on the value of r in each of the above graphs.
[6 marks]
9. A doctor claims that doctors in government hospitals work at least 12 extra hours in a week. A
random sample of 25 doctors is taken and it is found that the mean and standard deviation are 10.9
hours and 2.3 hours respectively.
State the appropriate hypotheses to test the doctors claim, and carry out the test at the 5% significance level.
[7 marks]
10. A food company carries out a market survey in a state on its new flavoured yoghurt. Three hundred
randomly chosen consumers taste the yoghurt. Their responses are shown in the table below.
Response
Number of consumers

Like
195

Dislike
70

Neutral
35

(a) Estimate the proportion of consumers in the state who like the yoghurt. Hence, calculate the
probability that the proportion of consumers who like the yoghurt is at least 0.70.
[5 marks]
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of consumers in the state who like the
yoghurt.
[4 marks]
11. In developing a new drug for an allergy, an experiment is carried out to study how different dosages of
the drug affect the duration of relief from the allergic symptoms. A random sample of eight patients
is taken and each patient is given a specified dosage of the drug. The duration of relief for the patients
is shown in the table below.

47

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS
Dosage (mg)
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9

STPM 2010

Duration of relief (hours)

9
10
12
14
16
18
22
24

(a) State the independent and dependent variables.

[1 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the least-squares regression line in the form y = a + bx, where x and y are
the independent and dependent variables respectively. Write down your answers correct to two
decimal places.
[6 marks]
(c) Calculate the coefficient of determination for the regression line, and comment on the adequacy
of the straight line fit.
[4 marks]
12. A thread always breaks during the weaving of cloth in a factory. The number of breaks per thread
which occur for 100 threads of equal length are tabulated as follows:
Number of breaks per thread
Number of threads

0
15

1
22

2
31

3
18

4
8

5
6

(a) Calculate the expected number of threads with respect to the number of breaks based on a
Poisson distribution having the same mean as the observed distribution.
[6 marks]
(b) Carry out a 2 test, at the 5% significance level, to determine whether the data fits the proposed
model in (a).
[7 marks]

48

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2011

STPM 2011
1. When integers a and b are divided by 8, the reminaders are 3 and 7 respectively. Find the remainder
when 5a + b divided by 8.
[4 marks]
2. If n is an integer such that 7 divides n + 1 and 19 divides n + 3, show that 12n 2(mod 133). Hence,
determine the smallest value of n.
[5 marks]
3. The adjacency matrix of a simple graph

0
0

1
1

G is
0
0
1
1
0

0
1
0
1
4m 3

1 1
1 0

1 m2
.
0 0
0 0

(a) Determine the value of m, and draw the graph G.

[4 marks]

(b) State the length of the longest cycle in the graph G.

[1 marks]

3
5
1
0
1

p
0
1
2
+
is perpendicular to the plane r =
+s
+ t 1, where p and
4. The line r =
1
1
q
2
3
q are constants.
(a) Determine the values of p and q.

[5 marks]

(b) Using the values of p and q in (a), find the position vector of the point of intersection of the line
and the plane
[5 marks]
 
 

x
x
2
5. The transformation T: R R is defined by T:
7 A
, where A =
y
y
3
2


3
.
6

(a) Determine the invariant line under T.

[7 marks]

(b) Find the image of the line y = x 1 under T.

[5 marks]

  

x
xy
6. The transformation T: R R is defined by F
=
.
y
x+y
2

(a) Show that F is a linear transformation.

[4 marks]

(b) If the image of the point (x, y) under F is the point (u, v), show that 2x = u + v and 2y = v u.
Hence find and sketch the image of the region {(x, y) : 0 x 1, 0 y 1}.
[6 marks]
(c) Given that F is a composition of transformations M and N,
i. Describe M and N,
ii. state the matrices representing M and N.

[4 marks]
[2 marks]

7. X1 , and X2 are two independent observations of a random variable X. Two estimators for the mean
value of x are defined by
1 =

kX1 + 2kX2
3

and 2 = kX1 + (1 k)X2 ,

where k is a constant and k 6= 1. Determine whether the estimators are unbiased.

49

[4 marks]

FURTHER MATHEMATICS

PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

STPM 2011

8. Five pairs of values of variables x and y are taken from a bivariate sample. The scatter diagrams of
y against x and ln y against x are shown below.

The Pearson correlation coefficient between x and y is 0.901, and the Pearson correlation coefficient
between x and ln y is 0.998. Comment on these two values with respect to the scatter diagrams.
[4 marks]

9. A random sample of size n is taken to estimate the mean length of a particular aluminum rod
produced by a factory. Assuming that the length of the rod is normally distributed with a standard
deviation of 2 mm, determine the smallest value of n so that the width of the confidence interval for
the mean length of the rod is 1 mm with a confidence level of at least 90%.
[5 marks]
10. A nutritionist wishes to determine whether the mean intake of fat by women in a city exceeds the
recommended 25 g of fat intake per day. A random sample of 20 women from the city gives a mean
of 27.5 g and a standard deviation of 12 g of fat intake per day.
(a) State the appropriate hypotheses for a significance test.

[1 marks]

(b) Carry out the test at the 5% significance level.

[6 marks]

(c) State any assumption required.

[1 marks]

11. For several pairs of observations of variables x and y, where 5 x 28 and x

= 16.8, the Pearson
correlation coefficient is 0.92. The equation of the regression line of y on x is y = 1.172 + 0.115x.
(a) Estimate the values of y when x = 10 and x = 30. Comment on the reliability of the two
estimates.
[5 marks]
(b) Find the equation of the regression line of x on y.

[5 marks]

12. In a physics experiment, the number of emissions per hour from a radioactive substance is recorded
for 100 hours. The results of the experiment are shown in the following table.
Number of emissions per hour
Frequency

0
2

1
15

2
21

3
16

4
19

5
12

6
9

7
3

8
3

(a) Calculate the sample mean and an unbiased estimate for the variance of the number of emissions
per hour from the radioactive substance. Give a reason why the number of emissions per hour
may have a Poisson distribution.
[6 marks]
(b) Carry out a 2 goodness-of-fit test, at the 5% significance level, to determine whether the number
of emissions per hour has a Poisson distribution.
[11 marks]

50