Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures BCA Volume One Part J4 Services

Assessment of
Energy Efficiency Measures

BCA Vol 1: PART J4 SERVICES
Clause J4.6 Hot Water Supply
For
Class 2, 3 and 4 Buildings
On behalf of
Australian Building Codes Board

Prepared by:
DASCEM Holdings Pty Limited
PO Box 285
World Trade Centre
MELBOURNE VIC 3005
GC 704
May 2004

Energy Efficiency Measures Assessment

Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures

BCA Vol 1: PART J4 SERVICES
Report No. EM323 Section J4-6 HW Supply Rpt_FINAL.doc

Revision
Date
Description of Revision
Prepared by
Authorised by
Draft 1
02/04/2004
Draft 1 Report Internal Review
PG
JRA
Draft 2
05/04/2004
Draft 2 Preliminary Report for Client Review
PG
JRA
Draft 3
30/04/2004
Draft 3 Report for Client Review
PG
JRA
06/05/2004
Final Report to Client
PG
JRA
Action
Name
Prepared
Peter Grosvenor
Prepared &
Reviewed
Joe Archibald*
DASCEM_services_report
Signature
RBP No
Mech Engineer EM-1057
Fire Safety Engineer EF-1014
Mech Engineer EM-1053
Page 1
5/08/2004


TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1
General
1.2
Results
INTRODUCTION
2.1
Background
2.2
Scope
2.3
Methodology & Assumptions
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
19
GLOSSARY
34
REFERENCES
35
APPENDICES
36
APPENDIX A CLAUSE J4.6
HOT WATER SUPPLY
APPENDIX B INSULATION COSTS
III
APPENDIX C HEAT LOSS CALCULATION RESULTS - INSULATED VS UN
INSULATED COPPER PIPE
APPENDIX D HEAT LOSS CALCULATION RESULTS - HOT WATER STORAGE,
EXPANSION, 3A OUTLETS, HEAT TRACE

XXXI
APPENDIX E NET PRESENT VALUE RESULTS
Page 2
XXXV
5/08/2004


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1
General
This report presents the results of a cost benefit analysis of the proposed energy efficiency
measures relating to Hot Water Supply systems to be included in Clause J4.6 of Section J of
the BCA Volume 1.
The proposed energy efficiency measures are for Class 2, 3 and 4
buildings only.
The clauses assessed are J4.6 (a), (c) to (f). Clause J4.6 (b) has been assessed in a previous
report [1] and was found to be cost effective. An additional proposal to use heat tracing of
pipework in lieu of a recirculating pump and return line has been added to the assessment.
The cost effectiveness of the proposed measures has been assessed using heat transfer and
life cycle costing analysis.
1.2
Results
J4.6 (a) (i)
Insulate the piping except for the last 2m to the tap.
The analysis is specifically for non-recirculating hot water supply systems and for water piping in
an environment greater than 15C and more than 500 mm from the storage heater.
The cost benefit analysis indicates that, for gas heating, it is not cost effective to insulate the
domestic hot water pipework in accordance with the proposed BCA Clause J4.6 (a) (i) for Class
2, 3 and 4 buildings, due to the negative NPV results and the very long payback times on the
cost of the insulation versus the energy cost savings. It must be noted, however, that AS/NZS
3500.4:2003 requires insulation for the first 500mm of pipework connected to the storage
cylinder.
In the case of electric heating, because electricity costs are more than 4 times greater than gas
costs, albeit with a higher thermal efficiency, more favourable cost benefit results with positive
NPVs are achievable for Class 3 buildings only, especially for the larger pipe sizes and with the
exception of 15mm NS pipe. However, electricity use has other costs associated with it, such
as greater greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired generation plant, which may detract from
its use. These effects are not included in the analysis.
The analysis assumed 25 mm thick insulation for pipe sizes of 25mm and 32mm; and 13mm
thick nitrile rubber insulation for pipe sizes 15mm, 18mm and 20mm.
Further analysis is
required to determine if insulation of a reduced thickness such as 10mm, 8mm and 6mm would
deliver a positive NPV and therefore be cost effective. However, although thinner insulation
would be cheaper, the energy savings would be reduced and it may be found that a break even
point is not reached based on the assumptions used in the analysis.
Page 3
For example, 4mm

5/08/2004


insulation thickness on 15mm NS pipe produces an NPV of -$3/m for Classes 2, 4 and 3 with
gas heating. For the same insulation thickness and pipe size with electric heating, the NPV was
$0/m and $1/m for Class 2, 4 and Class 3 buildings, respectively.
The calculations were made using a hot water delivery temperature of 60C in all cases. Lower
delivery temperatures such as 50C are unlikely to improve the cost benefit results since the
energy savings are significantly reduced whereas the insulation costs are the same for the
same thickness.
For example, with a 50C delivery temperature for the case of 13mm
insulation thickness on 15mm NS pipe, the energy savings reduce from 11.3 MJ/m to 6.3 MJ/m
for Class 2, 4; and from 18.9 MJ/m to 11.5 MJ/m for Class 3. There is no improvement in the
NPV results for this example.
J4.6 (a) (ii)
Insulate the valves on storage water heaters.
The analysis is specifically for non-recirculating hot water supply systems and for water piping in
an environment greater than 15C and more than 500 mm from the storage heater.
The cost benefit analysis indicates that it is not cost effective to insulate the domestic hot water
valves in accordance with the proposed BCA Clause J4.6 (a) (i), due to the negative NPV
results and the very long payback times on the cost of the insulation versus the energy cost
savings. It must be noted, however, that AS/NZS 3500.4:2003 requires insulation for the first
500mm of pipework connected to the storage cylinder.
The analysis is for isolation valves downstream of the storage water heater that will lose heat
when the water is stationary at approximately the same rate as an equivalent length of pipe.
Valves connected to the heater such as temperature and pressure relief valves, and valves in
the pipework immediately adjacent to the heater, will be at a temperature close to the storage
temperature and will have a much greater rate of heat loss.
Insulating these valves will
therefore be more cost effective.
J4.6 (c) Not to combine space heating with domestic hot water storage.
The results of the analysis show that there are some energy savings to be made by using the
method proposed of having separate storage tanks for domestic hot water and space heating
instead of a larger combined tank. The gas energy savings are greater than the electricity
energy savings due to the additional standing flue losses that occur with gas heating. However,
due to the relatively low cost of energy (especially gas), the NPV and payback are not attractive
since the cost of the additional tank outweighs the energy cost savings.
Page 4
5/08/2004


In view of the results, it may be more worthwhile to modify the proposed clause so that instead
of mandating against the installation of combined tanks, the requirement should be that, where
a combined tank is used, it should be appropriately insulated (eg Clause J4.6(b)) and a more
energy efficient heating system be employed. For example, there are combined tank systems
on the market that have a separate instantaneous gas fired heater through which water is
circulated back to the tank, rather than directly heating the larger tank. This system achieves
greater efficiency by significantly reducing flue losses as well as having a well insulated storage
tank. However, it is probably more suitable for larger Class 3 type occupancies.
J4.6 (d) Not to combine higher temperature storage such as laundries with
domestic hot water storage.
The results indicate that there are some energy savings to be made by using the method
proposed of having separate storage tanks for domestic hot water and laundry and kitchen use
instead of a larger combined tank for gas heating, but not for electric heating. The gas energy
savings are greater due to the additional standing flue losses that occur with gas heating.
However, due to the relatively low cost of energy, the NPV and payback are not attractive since
the cost of the additional tank outweighs the energy cost savings.
J4.6 (e) Not to lose heated water from a heater through expansion and in a bank
of heaters, not to lose any water.
Single Storage Heater
The proposed clause is aimed at reducing the energy wasted when hot water from the top of the
cylinder is discharged to waste during water expansion upon heating. One method to achieve
this is to provide a pressure relief valve on the cold water connection to the cylinder. The
results indicate that the energy savings are not sufficient to overcome the additional investment
required for the cold water expansion valve in addition to the temperature relief valve that is still
required.
Bank of Storage Heaters
The cost effectiveness of providing a closed pneumatic hot water expansion tank to the bank of
heaters in lieu of hot water pressure relief valves on each tank was investigated. The results
indicate that the energy savings are not sufficient to overcome the additional investment
required for the expansion tank in addition to the temperature relief valve that is still required.
Page 5
5/08/2004


The provision of cold water expansion valves for each cylinder in lieu of the closed hot water
expansion is still not cost effective for the bank of heaters. The provision of one larger cold
water expansion valve for the whole bank of cylinders in lieu of individual tank cold water
expansion valves is not cost effective, except in the case of an 8 bank of 315 litre electrically
heated cylinders, where it is marginally cost effective due to the greater cost of electricity.
J4.6 (f) Use efficient water outlets.

The proposal calls for the use of 3A rated (to AS/NZS 6400) water efficient outlets for hot water
to showers, basins and troughs (sinks) in Class 3 buildings and common areas of Class 2
buildings. The results of the energy analysis indicate that for a relatively small financial outlay
the energy savings will pay back the investment in 3A water efficient outlets in less than a year.
(The analysis assumes that the period of time the fixture is in use will not increase with the flowrestricted fitting).
The Plumbing Industry Commission of Victoria has recently released a Regulatory Impact
Statement (RIS) on the proposed water efficiency measures that are to be included in the
Plumbing (Water and Energy Savings) Regulations 2004 of Victoria. The RIS supports the
introduction of water efficient outlets and estimates that the use of fittings meeting the proposed
regulations will produce an overall energy cost saving for Victorian households.
J4.6 (*) Heat trace piping instead of using a recirculating pump.

An alterative to a circulating pump and return pipe to maintain hot water in the main supply pipe
is to provide electrical heat trace to the supply pipework. The results of the energy analysis
show that the heat trace option has a higher total annual charges and is therefore less cost
effective than installing a circulating pump.
Page 6
5/08/2004

INTRODUCTION
2.1
Background

The Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB), in cooperation with the Australian Greenhouse
Office (AGO), is developing energy efficiency measures suitable for inclusion in the Building
Code of Australia (BCA). Measures for the Class 2, 3 and 4 buildings are being addressed
initially and these will be included in Volume One of the Code. The Commercial strand of the
energy efficiency project will employ extensive computational modelling; first to set benchmarks
for the annual energy usage of commonplace (or baseline) buildings and then to assess the
reductions available from specific energy saving features that could be applied to them.
Comparison of energy cost savings with the lifecycle cost of proposed features will identify the
features suitable for the deemed-to-satisfy provisions of the BCA.
A previous report [1] has assessed the proposed energy efficiency measures of various clauses
under Part J: Services. This report covers clause J4.6 for Hot Water Supply systems.
2.2
Scope
The scope of the work covered by this report includes the assessment of the cost effectiveness
of implementing the following energy efficiency measures for Class 2, 3 and 4 buildings:
J4.6 (a) (i)
J4.6 (a) (ii)
J4.6 (c)
Not to combine space heating with domestic hot water storage.
J4.6 (d)
Not to combine higher temperature storage such as laundries with

J4.6 (e)
Not to lose heated water from a heater through expansion and in a bank
J4.6 (f)
Use efficient water outlets.
J4.6 (*)
Heat trace piping instead of using a recirculating pump1.
The above clauses have been paraphrased, please refer to Appendix A for the complete text of
each clause.
This clause is additional to those included in the draft energy efficiency measures document [7].
Page 7
5/08/2004


2.3
Methodology & Assumptions
2.3.1
Assessment of Nominated Energy Efficiency Measures
The following is a outline of the methodology used to estimate the cost effectiveness of each
energy efficiency measure.
J4.6 (a) (i)

Water draw off from domestic hot water pipes based on estimated peak periods of usage
for individual occupancies.
Calculate heat loss per metre of uninsulated pipe.
Calculate heat loss per metre of insulated pipe.
Calculate energy savings and energy cost savings per metre of pipe over life of system.
Calculate the NPV and payback on the energy cost savings per metre of pipe versus
cost of insulation per metre of pipe.
J4.6 (a) (ii)
Calculate heat loss from equivalent length of uninsulated pipe.
Calculate heat loss from equivalent length of insulated pipe.
Calculate energy savings and energy cost savings over life of system.
Calculate the NPV and payback on the energy cost savings versus cost of insulation.

Calculate annual energy required to store water at 60C for DHW for the whole year in
one tank and 80C for space heating during winter in a separate tank.
Calculate annual energy required to store water at 80C for space heating in winter and
for heating DHW to 60C in one tank for the whole year.
Calculate the NPV and payback on the energy cost savings of two smaller tanks in lieu
of larger tank versus cost of extra tank.
Page 8
5/08/2004



Calculate energy required to store water at 60C for domestic hot water and 82C for
laundry use in two separate smaller tanks.
Calculate energy required to store water at 82C for domestic hot water and laundry use
in one larger tank.
Calculate the NPV and payback on the energy cost savings with two smaller tanks
versus cost of extra tank.
Single Heater

Calculate energy lost from hot water temperature and pressure relief valve due to
expansion for single cylinder.
Calculate cost for addition of cold water expansion valve and hot water temperature
relief valve in lieu of hot water temperature and pressure relief valve.
Calculate the NPV and payback on the energy cost savings versus cost of cold water
expansion valve.
Bank of Heaters

Calculate energy lost from hot water temperature and pressure relief valve due to
expansion for bank of cylinders.
Calculate cost for addition of hot water closed expansion tank to system.
Calculate the NPV and payback on the energy cost savings versus cost of expansion
tank.

Report on claimed energy savings and payback from water supply authorities.
Calculate energy used from standard water outlet.
Page 9
5/08/2004


Calculate energy used from efficient water outlet (Type 3A).
Calculate the NPV and payback on the energy cost savings versus cost of efficient water
outlet.

Cost benefit analysis of insulated domestic hot water piping with heat tracing versus
using a recirculating pump to maintain water temperature in main distribution pipework.
2.3.2
Heat Transfer Analysis:

Pipework
The following assumptions have been used to calculate the heat loss and energy cost for the
domestic hot water pipework.
Type B Copper pipe.
25mm thick Bradford Rockwool insulation for pipe sizes 25mm and 32mm; 13mm thick
nitrile rubber for pipe sizes 15mm, 18mm and 20mm.
DHW temperature 60C
Ambient air temperature 15C
DHW running 24 hours per day, 365 days per year with allowance for diversity of usage
to calculate pipe cool-down times.
Natural gas and electricity energy source for heating.
Nominal pipe sizes of 32mm, 25mm, 20mm, 18mm and 15mm have been used as
representative of pipe sizes likely to be found in Class 2, 3 and 4 occupancies.
Heat Transfer Analysis Methodology for Un-insulated Pipe:
The heat transfer per unit length of un-insulated pipe was calculated using the following
equation [10]:
q = (hC + h R ) AT
Eq (1)
where:
Page 10
5/08/2004

1
hC = C
1000d O

0.2
T + 17.8
avg
0
.181
T 0
.266 1+ 2.8566v
Eq (2)
and
hR =
5.6697 10 8 (Ts + 273.15) Ta + 273.15) 4

(Ts Ta )
4
)]
Eq (3)
h
C = convection surface coefficient (W/m2K)
and
hR = radiation surface coefficient (W/m2K)

A = surface area of the pipe (m2) (calculations based on per metre length of pipe)
T = temperature difference between surface temperature of the pipe (K)
(assumed to be approximately equal to the fluid temperature) and ambient air
temperature
C = 11.58 for horizontal pipes [10]
do = outside diameter of pipe (m)
tavg = average temperature of air film (C) (ts + ta)/2
v = air speed (m/s) (assumed to be zero)
= surface emittance
Ts = surface temperature of the pipe (C) (assumed to be approximately equal to
the fluid temperature)
Ta = ambient air temperature (C)
Heat Transfer Analysis Methodology for Insulated Pipe:

The heat transfer per unit length of insulated pipe was calculated using the following
equation [5, 10]:
q=
where:
T
1 d2
1
ln +
2k d o d 2 hs
Eq (4)
(W / m)
T = temperature difference between surface temperature of the pipe (assumed

to be approximately equal to the fluid temperature) and ambient air temperature
k = thermal conductivity of the insulation (0.04 W/mK)
d2 = outside diameter of pipe plus insulation (m)
Page 11
5/08/2004


hs = combined (radiation and convection) surface heat transfer coefficient

(10 W/m2K for other surfaces in still air [10])
Heat Transfer Analysis Methodology for Calculation of Heat Loss Rate of
stationary DHW in insulated and un-insulated pipe:
When hot water flow is stopped, the stationary hot water in a pipe releases its heat over time to
the surroundings driven by the temperature difference (DT=T-Ta). The reduction in DT follows
normal exponential decay (Newtons law of cooling):
T= Ae(-kt)+Ta
Eq (5)
where:
T = temperature at any time t
A = a constant (C)
t = time (seconds)
Ta = ambient temperature (C)
K = constant (/sec)
This equation can then be rearranged and simplified to give:
DT = DT0 e
( t )
Eq (6)
where:
DT = variable driving temperature difference (K) at any time (i.e. T-Ta)
and
DT0 = The initial driving temperature difference (K) (i.e. T0-Ta at t=0)
t = time (seconds)
= time constant (seconds)

It can be seen that equation (6) is just a translation of Ta units down the temperature axis from
equation (5), giving an asymptote along 0 rather then Ta.
Equation (6) can now be differentiated with respect to time, yielding.
dDT
= DT0 (1/ )e (t / )
dt
Substituting DT = DT0 e
( t )
gives:
Page 12
5/08/2004


dDT
= DT (1/ )
dt
Taking initial conditions, (t = 0):
dDT
= DT0 (1/ )
dt (t = 0)
Eq (7)
This gives an equation relating the known initial driving temperature, DT0 to the unknown initial
rate of change of temperature
dDT
and an unknown time constant i.e. a single equation
dt (t = 0)
with two unknowns, requiring another equation to solve it.

Using the equations for energy transfer from and to a system:
q = mc p DT
Eq (8)
where:
q = total stored energy in the system (J)
m= mass of water or pipe (kg)
cp= specific heat capacity of the material (J/kg.K)
DT= temperature difference between the water-pipe system and surroundings (C)
Differentiating both sides with respect to time:
dDT
dq
= mc p
dt
dt
As
dq
dq
is equal to the rate of energy transfer, J/sec i.e. power
= Q (Watts).
dt
dt
Taking initial conditions (t=0):
Q0 = mc p
dDT
dt (t = 0)
Eq (9)
This gives two equations, Eq (7) and Eq (9) enabling to be solved.

Substituting Eq (7) into Eq (9) gives:
Q0 = mc p DT0 (1/ )
Solving for gives:
Page 13
5/08/2004

=
The time constant
mc p DT0
Q0

q0
Q0
Eq (10)
is expressed in terms of the initial total energy (Q0) and the
initial rate of
heat transfer of the system (q0).

The initial rate of heat transfer for both insulated and un-insulated pipes can be found from
equations 5-30 and 5-50 from 1998 AIRAH DA16 application manual Air Conditioning Water
Piping[10] (see Eqs 1 & 4 above), allowing for certain assumptions (copper is oxidized not
polished).
The total energy of the system can be found by Eq (8), using the initial temperature difference
DT0, all that remains to be found is the specific heat capacities of the water and piping, which
can be found from various reference data and the mass of the water and pipe.
The mass of the water and piping is m = V
Where = density (kg/m3)
V = volume (m3)
The densities can be found from reference data, and the volume can be calculated as Lr2 for
the water, and L(R2-r2) for the pipe.
where R = outer radius (m)
r = inner radius (m)
L = length (taken as 1 m length) (m)
The value can now be calculated and substituted back into equation (6), giving the
temperature difference DT as a function of time t.
By calculating the heat loss rate at time increments, a profile of the water temperature in the
pipe with time can be generated and hence the non-steady state heat loss from the pipe over a
given time period. The relative total heat loss between insulated and un-insulated pipe over the
cool down period can then be estimated and the energy savings determined.
The cool down period has been estimated based on assumed usage profiles. Refer to Section
2.3.5 below.
Hot Water Storage Cylinders
The following assumptions have been used to calculate the heat loss and energy cost for the
hot water storage cylinders.
40mm thick insulation, thermal conductivity = 0.04 W/mK
Page 14
5/08/2004


DHW temperature 60C
Space heating water temperature 80C
Ambient air temperature 15C
DHW required for 12 months per year.
Space heating required for 3 months per year.
Natural gas or electricity energy source for heating.
Heat Transfer Analysis Methodology for Insulated Storage Cylinders:

The heat transfer per unit surface area of an insulated cylinder was calculated using the
following equation [5]:
Q
=
where:
t v
t a
L 1
+
k f
Eq (11)
tv = surface temperature of the vessel (C) (assumed to be approximately equal

to the fluid temperature)
ta =ambient air temperature (C)
k = thermal conductivity of the insulation (0.04 W/mK)
L = thickness of the insulation (m)
f= surface heat transfer coefficient (8 W/m2K for dull metallic surfaces in still air
[10])
The standing flue losses were estimated by using equation (1) above.
2.3.3
Cost Benefit Analysis Net Present Value Method:
A Net Present Value (NPV) analysis was performed to determine the cost benefit of the
proposed BCA energy efficiency clauses for hot water supply.
The cost benefit analysis was based on the following costs and equations:
Gas price: 4$/GJ
Electricity price: 7c/kWh
Gas thermal efficiency for energy costs: 80%
Electricity thermal efficiency for energy costs: 100%
Page 15
5/08/2004


Insulation lifetime: 40 years (Table 4.2 [4])

Hot water storage cylinder lifetime: 25 years (Table 4.2 [4])
Hot water supply valve lifetime: 25 years (Table 4.2 [4])
3A water efficient device cost: $4.00 per fitting.
Inflation: 2.5% [4]
Discount rate: 7% [4]
NPV Analysis Methodology:
The Net Present Value (NPV) was calculated from:
NPV =
c(1 + e) n
I o
(1 + r) n
where:
Eq (12)
n = number of years (insulation lifetime)

c = savings per year
e = inflation rate
r = discount rate
Io = initial investment
Note:
A negative NPV indicates that the initial investment is larger than the total
discounted savings generated over the lifetime of the system and therefore the
investment is not worthwhile.
The discounted payback years were then found by finding the year when net annual
savings in present value dollars reached the investment amount.
If the NPV was
negative, the payback was given as greater than the lifetime of the system (eg. 40 years
for insulation).
2.3.4
Insulation Costs:
Insulation costs for pipework were based on the average market price of 25 mm thick Bradford
Rockwool 350 insulation for pipe sizes of 25mm and 32mm; and 13mm thick nitrile rubber
insulation for pipe sizes 15mm, 20mm and 18mm. Installation labour costs were included in the
overall costs. Valve insulation was based on the pipe insulation cost plus 10% allowance for
the additional difficulty in adequately insulating valves.
Insulation costs are tabulated in
Appendix B.
Page 16
5/08/2004

2.3.5

Usage Profiles
It has been assumed that for the purposes of domestic hot water consumption Class 4
occupancies will have similar usage profiles to Class 2 because they are generally sole
occupancy units within other classes of occupancy.
The following usage profiles have been assumed in order to estimate the domestic hot water
cool down periods. For example, in Class 2 and 4 buildings it has been assumed that there will
be 3 peak periods of 2 hours each plus a one hour period at night, during which the domestic
hot water will be used frequently and the temperature of the water in the distribution pipework
will not cool significantly. At all other times it has been assumed that the water will be stationary
and will gradually cool in the pipe. Of course this is approximate only as some domestic hot
water usage could realistically be expected between the peak periods, however, this is likely to
be only short and intermittent usage and it is not expected that this will effect the overall results
significantly.
Hot Water Usage (Class 2, 4)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Figure 1
22:00
20:00
18:00
16:00
14:00
12:00
10:00
8:00
6:00
4:00
2:00
0:00
Assumed DHW Usage Profiles for Class 2 & 4 Occupancies
A greater period of usage was assumed for Class 3 occupancies with two additional, one hour
long periods of usage in the morning and afternoon.
Page 17
5/08/2004


Hot Water Usage (Class 3)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Figure 2
22:00
20:00
18:00
16:00
14:00
12:00
10:00
8:00
6:00
4:00
2:00
0:00
Assumed DHW Usage Profiles for Class 3 Occupancies
Page 18
5/08/2004


RESULTS & DISCUSSION
J4.6 (a) (i)
The two tables below show the results of the domestic hot water pipework insulation analysis for
Class 2, 4 and Class 3 buildings, respectively. The analysis is specifically for non-recirculating
hot water supply systems and for water piping in an environment greater than 15C and more than
500 mm from the storage heater. Larger pipe sizes of 32mm and 25mm NS have been included
for completeness to account for large Class 3 occupancies that do not use a recirculating
system, although it is recognised that most of these systems are likely to be of a recirculating
hot water type and must be insulated under AS/NZS 3500.4:2003. The other pipe sizes 20mm,
18mm and 15mm NS are more likely to be encountered in non-recirculating hot water supply
systems, with 15mm NS being the most prevalent.
The pipe material used in the analysis is copper and plastic pipe has not been considered,
however, it is being installed more frequently in domestic situations. Further analysis may be
required to assess the effect of insulating plastic pipe, however, due to plastic pipes inherent
insulating properties compared to copper, the cost benefit returns are likely to be even less
favourable.
The energy savings occurring as a result of insulating the pipe during each cool down period is
shown in Table 1 and Table 2 as well as an allowance for heat loss during the periods of use
due to a temperature drop in hot water from the storage vessel to the outlet.
Nom
Pipe
Size
(mm)
Energy
Saving
11pm
6am
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
8am
12pm
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
2pm
6pm
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
8pm
10pm
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
During
Use
(J/m)
Total
Energy
Saving
per day
(J/m)
Total
Energy
Saving per
annum
(MJ/m)
32
19589
45818
45818
76535
74899
262659
25
6099
19433
19433
40994
60440
20
164
1895
1895
9643
18
23
508
508
15
71
71
Table 1
Total Energy
Cost Saving per
annum ($/m)
Gas
Elec
95.9
$0.48
$1.86
146400
53.4
$0.27
$1.04
44136
57732
21.1
$0.11
$0.41
4174
36958
42171
15.4
$0.08
$0.30
1207
29676
31030
11.3
$0.06
$0.22
Energy Savings: Insulated versus Un-insulated DHW Pipework Class 2 & 4
Page 19
5/08/2004


Nom
Pipe
Size
(mm)
Energy
Saving
11pm
6am
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
8am
10am
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
11am
12pm
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
2pm
3pm
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
4pm
6pm
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
8pm
10pm
(J/m)
Energy
Saving
During
Use
(J/m)
Total
Energy
Saving
per day
(J/m)
Total
Energy
Saving
per
annum
(MJ/m)
32
19589
76535
83235
83235
76535
76535
96298
511961
25
6099
40994
52561
52561
40994
40994
77709
20
164
9643
19990
19990
9643
9643
18
23
4174
11352
11352
4174
15
1207
5014
5014
1207
Table 2
Total Energy
Cost Saving
per annum
($/m)
Gas
Elec
186.9
$0.93
$3.63
311912
113.8
$0.57
$2.21
56746
125818
45.9
$0.23
$0.89
4174
47518
82766
30.2
$0.15
$0.59
1207
38155
51810
18.9
$0.09
$0.37
Energy Savings: Insulated versus Un-insulated DHW Pipework Class 3
The Net Present Value results are summarised in the tables below for gas and electric heating
respectively.
Nom Pipe Size

(mm)
Table 3
Class 2, 4 Buildings
Class 3 Buildings
Net Present Value

($/m)
Discounted
Payback (Years)
Net Present Value

($/m)
Discounted
Payback (Years)
32
-$27
>40
-$19
>40
25
-$29
>40
-$23
>40
20
-$8
>40
-$6
>40
18
-$8
>40
-$6
>40
15
-$7
>40
-$6
>40
NPV Results: Insulated versus Un-insulated DHW Pipework (Gas Heating)
Therefore, based on the NPV analysis of the energy saving results for gas heating, it can be
concluded that it is not cost effective to insulate the domestic hot water pipework in accordance
with the proposed BCA Clause J4.6 (a) (i), due to the negative NPV results and the very long
payback times on the cost of the insulation versus the gas energy cost savings. It must be
noted, however, that AS/NZS 3500.4:2003 requires insulation for the first 500mm of pipework
connected to the storage cylinder.
Page 20
5/08/2004


Electricity costs, being more than 4 times greater than gas costs, albeit with a higher thermal
efficiency, give more favourable cost benefit results for Class 3 buildings only, especially for the
larger pipe sizes and with the exception of 15mm pipe, as shown in Table 4 below. However,
electricity use has other costs associated with it, such as greater greenhouse gas emissions
from coal-fired generation plant, which may detract from its use. These effects are not included
in the analysis.
Nom Pipe Size

(mm)
Class 3 Buildings
Net Present Value

($/m)
Discounted
Payback (Years)
Net Present Value

($/m)
Discounted
Payback (Years)
32
-$1
>40
$32
14
25
-$15
>40
$7
27
20
-$2
>40
$7
16
18
-$3
>40
$2
27
15
-$4
>40
-$1
>40
Table 4
NPV Results: Insulated versus Un-insulated DHW Pipework (Electric

Heating)
The analysis assumed 25 mm thick insulation for pipe sizes of 25mm and 32mm; and 13mm
thick nitrile rubber insulation for pipe sizes 15mm, 18mm and 20mm.
Further analysis is
required to determine if insulation of a reduced thickness such as 10mm, 8mm, 6mm and 4mm
would deliver a positive NPV and therefore be cost effective.
However, although thinner
insulation would be cheaper, the energy savings would be reduced and it may be found that a
break even point is not reached based on the assumptions used in the analysis. For example,
4mm insulation thickness on 15mm NS pipe produces an NPV of -$3/m for Classes 2, 4 and 3
with gas heating. For the same insulation thickness and pipe size with electric heating, the NPV
was $0/m and $1/m for Class 2, 4 and Class 3 buildings, respectively.
The calculations were made using a hot water delivery temperature of 60C in all cases. Lower
delivery temperatures such as 50C are unlikely to improve the cost benefit results since the
energy savings are significantly reduced, whereas the insulation costs are the same for the
same thickness.
For example, with a 50C delivery temperature for the case of 13mm
insulation thickness on 15mm NS pipe, the energy savings reduce from 11.3 MJ/m to 6.3 MJ/m
for Class 2, 4; and from 18.9 MJ/m to 11.5 MJ/m for Class 3. There is no improvement in the
NPV results for this example.
Page 21
5/08/2004


Higher delivery temperatures such as 70C for commercial kitchens and laundries may provide
greater cost benefits.
The practice of installing a mixing valve near the hot water storage heater to reduce the water
temperature to 50C and running two supply lines, one at 60C for kitchens and laundries, and
one at 50C for bathrooms has not been assessed quantitatively. However, it is expected that
with a configuration of parallel pipes, there would be negligible energy savings when insulating
both pipes to reduce heat loss, since the total heat loss surface area of the pipe is effectively
double. Analysis of the energy savings would be very dependent on the configuration of the two
pipe layouts. The main energy savings would occur from the reduced amount of 60C water
that is used at outlets only requiring 50C water.
There is also an amenity issue in that, for periods of non-use less than 2 hours, insulating the
domestic hot water pipework will provide warmer water to the user immediately and reduce
waiting times while cold water is run off. For example, Table 5 below shows the relative water
temperatures in insulated and un-insulated pipework after one hour of no flow.
Nom Pipe Size

(mm)
Temperature of Water in Pipe After 1 Hour (C)

Insulated
Un-insulated
32
49.1
24.8
25
45.8
21.3
20
35.2
18.0
18
31.0
16.6
15
25.8
15.6
Table 5
DHW Temperature in Pipe
The analysis showed that an optimum energy savings point occurs following a period during
which the domestic hot water is stationary in the pipe. This point corresponds with the time at
which the heat loss rate from the insulated and un-insulated pipe is equal. After this point in
time, the cumulative energy savings achieved by insulating the pipe reduces since the rate of
heat loss from the insulated pipe becomes greater than that in the un-insulated pipe because of
the higher water temperature in the insulated pipe.
Page 22
5/08/2004


The cumulative energy savings with time for 32mm, 25mm, 20mm, 18mm and 15mm pipe is
shown Figure 3 below.
Cumulative Energy Savings vs. Time for stationary water in insulated & un-insulated copper pipe
Energy Savings (J/m)
90000
80000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
32mm (J/m)
70000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
25mm (J/m)
60000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
20mm (J/m)
50000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
18mm (J/m)
Cumulative
Energy Saving
15mm (J/m)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Time (min)
Figure 3
Cumulative Energy Savings 32, 25, 20, 18 & 15mm Copper Pipe
The optimum time at which energy savings are maximised for each pipe size are shown in the
table below.
Table 6
Nominal Pipe Size
Optimum Time (minutes)
32
73
25
55
20
33
18
26
15
20
Time at which Energy Savings are Maximised for Stationary Domestic Hot
Water
Page 23
5/08/2004


Obviously greater energy savings are achievable if the periods when water is stationary and
cooling are close to the above times. However, the analysis has shown that because the
stationary periods are often longer, especially over night, the overall energy savings are less
than optimal.
J4.6 (a) (ii)
The two tables below show the results of the domestic hot water valve insulation analysis for
Class 2, 4 and Class 3 buildings, respectively. The analysis is specifically for non-recirculating
hot water supply systems and for water piping in an environment greater than 15C and more than
500 mm from the storage heater. Note that the analysis is for isolation valves downstream of the
storage water heater that will lose heat when the water is stationary at approximately the same
rate as an equivalent of pipe.
Nom Pipe
Size (mm)
Total
Energy
Saving per
day (J/m)
Total
Energy
Saving per
annum
(MJ/m)
Valve
Equivalent
Pipe Length
(m)
Total Energy
Saving per
valve per
annum (MJ)
Total Energy
Cost Saving
per valve per
annum ($)
Discounted
Payback
(Years)
32
262659
95.9
0.300
28.8
$0.14
>40
25
146400
53.4
0.270
14.4
$0.07
>40
20
57732
21.1
0.250
5.3
$0.03
>40
Table 7
Energy Savings: Insulated versus Un-insulated DHW Valves Class 2 & 4
Nom Pipe
Size (mm)
Total
Energy
Saving per
day (J/m)
Total Energy
Saving per
annum
(MJ/m)
Valve
Equivalent
Pipe
Length
(m)
Total Energy
Saving per
valve per
annum (MJ)
Total Energy
Cost Saving
per valve per
annum ($)
Discounted
Payback
(Years)
32
511961
186.9
0.250
46.7
$0.23
>40
25
311912
113.8
0.270
30.7
$0.15
>40
20
125818
46
0.250
11.5
$0.06
>40
Table 8
Energy Savings: Insulated versus Un-insulated DHW Valves Class 3
Page 24
5/08/2004


The Net Present Value results are summarised in the table below.
Nom Pipe Size (mm)
Net Present Value ($/valve)

Class 3 Buildings
32
-$9
-$8
25
-$9
-$7
20
-$2
-$2
Table 9
NPV Results: Insulated versus Un-insulated DHW Valves
Therefore, based on the NPV analysis of the energy saving results, it can be concluded that it is
not cost effective to insulate the domestic hot water valves in accordance with the proposed
BCA Clause J4.6 (a) (ii), due to the negative NPV results and very long payback times on the
cost of the insulation versus the energy cost savings. It must be noted, however, that AS/NZS
3500.4:2003 requires insulation for the first 500mm of pipework connected to the storage
cylinder.
As noted above, the results are for valves downstream (greater than 500mm) from the storage
water heater. Valves connected to the heater such as temperature and pressure relief valves
and valves in the pipework immediately adjacent to the heater will have a much greater rate of
heat loss since the water temperature in the valve and therefore the valve body temperature will
be closer to the storage temperature. In the case of these valves, insulating the valves will be
more cost effective.
A combined tank used for space heating and domestic hot water storage generally consists of
either:
1. a tank containing water heated to approximately 80C for space heating with an
immersed heat exchanger coil containing water to be heated to approximately 60C for
domestic use; or
2. a tank containing water heated to approximately 80C for space heating and domestic
hot water with the domestic hot water branch connected to a thermostatic mixing valve
to reduce the temperature to that required for domestic use.
The first arrangement requires water to be heated to 80C all year round even when space
heating is not required in order to provide indirect heating for the domestic hot water coil. The
second arrangement can have the temperature of the water reduced to 60C for the periods of
Page 25
5/08/2004


the year when space heating is not required. However, in the second case, the quantity of
water stored will still be greater than that required for domestic hot water usage only.
An alternative to the above arrangements is to have two separate smaller cylinders, one for
space heating and one for domestic hot water storage with each tank heated to provide only the
required delivery temperature. This is the scheme that the proposed BCA clause is aimed at
encouraging.
Assuming that the domestic hot water and space heating loads and distribution systems are the
same for both scenarios, the difference in energy consumption between the combined tank and
the separate tank arrangements is predominantly due to the standing heat losses from the
tanks. The standing heat losses consist primarily of heat transfer through the cylinder walls
plus, for gas fired heaters, flue losses. Many modern gas fired domestic hot water heaters,
however, have flue dampers designed to close when the burner is not operating which
significantly reduces the standing flue losses. The following calculations assume that there is
no flue damper.
The situation where one combined tank is heated to 80C all year round to provide domestic hot
water and space heating in winter (3 months) has been analysed and compared to the
alternative situation in which separate tanks are used for domestic hot water at 60C and space
heating at 80C for winter only. For costing purposes the combined tank has been assumed to
be approximately twice the size2 of the individual tanks. The average cost difference between
two storage cylinders and one storage cylinder of approximately twice the capacity was
estimated based on the cost of a range of cylinder capacities from 50 litres to 2000 litres [14].
The cost data was converted to dollars per square metre ($/m2) of cylinder surface area to make
the computations compatible to the heat loss rate which was calculated in Watts per square
metre (W/m2) of cylinder surface area.
Fuel
Energy Saving per

annum (MJ/m2)
Energy Cost
Saving per
annum ($/m2)
Additional
Cylinder
Average Cost
($/m2)
NPV ($/m2)
Discounted
Payback
(Years)
Gas
3763
$15
$699
-$473
>25
Electricity
105
$2
$600
-$569
>25
Table 10
Energy Savings & NPV of Separate Storage Tanks vs Combined Tank
Page 26
5/08/2004


As can be seen from the results in the table above there are some energy savings to be made
by using the method proposed of having separate storage tanks for domestic hot water and
space heating instead of a larger combined tank. The gas energy savings are greater due to
the additional standing flue losses that occur with gas heating. However, due to the relatively
low cost of energy (especially gas), the NPV and payback are not attractive since the cost of the
additional tank outweighs the energy cost savings.
In view of the above results, it may be more worthwhile to modify the proposed clause so that
instead of mandating against the installation of combined tanks, the requirement should be that,
where a combined tank is used, it should be appropriately insulated (eg Clause J4.6(b)) and a
more energy efficient heating system be employed. For example, there are combined tank
systems on the market that have a separate instantaneous gas fired heater through which water
is circulated back to the tank, rather than directly heating the larger tank. This system achieves
greater efficiency by significantly reducing flue losses as well as having a well insulated storage
tank. However, it is probably more suitable for larger Class 3 type occupancies.
This proposed clause relates to the use of a combined tank used for high temperature
applications such as for laundries and kitchens, and for lower temperature applications such as
for hand washing basins and showers.
The analysis was similar to that used for the previous clause (J4.6(c)) except that the separate
tanks were both assumed to be required to provide heated water for the whole year and the
temperature of the water used for laundry type applications was 82C.
Fuel
Energy Saving per

annum (MJ/m2)
Energy Cost
Saving per
annum ($/m2)
Additional
Cylinder
Average Cost
($/m2)
NPV ($/m2)
Discounted
Payback
(Years)
Gas
3337
$13
$699
-$499
>25
Electricity
-1261
-$24
$600
-$967
>25
Table 11
Energy Savings & NPV of Separate Storage Tanks vs Combined Tank
Approximate size difference between an indirect storage unit compared to a direct storage unit for comparable performance (page
9 table [13]).
Page 27
5/08/2004


The results in the table above indicate that there are some energy savings to be made by using
the method proposed of having separate storage tanks for domestic hot water and laundry and
kitchen use instead of a larger combined tank for gas heating, but not for electric heating. The
gas energy savings are greater due to the additional standing flue losses that occur with gas
heating. However, due to the relatively low cost of energy, the NPV and payback are not
attractive since the cost of the additional tank outweighs the energy cost savings.
Single Storage Heater
Commonly in locations where water quality is satisfactory, such as Melbourne, hot water
storage cylinders have a combination temperature and pressure relief (T&PR) valve connected
to the cylinder to guard against damage to the cylinder due to high pressure and/or
temperature.
When water expansion occurs in the cylinder due to high pressure and/or
temperature some hot water from the top of the cylinder is discharged to waste. The proposed
clause is aimed at reducing the energy wasted when this occurs. One method to achieve this is
to provide a pressure relief valve on the cold water connection to the cylinder. (A temperature
relief valve is still required at the top of the cylinder). With this arrangement, cooler water from
the bottom of the storage cylinder is discharged to waste to relieve high pressures occurring in
the tank due to expansion, or cold supply water is discharged due to higher than normal
fluctuations in mains pressure.
The cost effectiveness of this proposal has been estimated by calculating the amount of energy
that is wasted over a year due to water expansion and discharge from the T&PR valve when the
water is heated from 15C to 70C and by applying a diversity factor of 20% to allow for when
this can reasonably be expected to occur. For this temperature rise a water volume expansion
of 2.2% can be expected.
The calculation for single storage cylinders has been based on cylinder capacities of 250 and
315 litres. No allowance has been made for the energy that may be lost in the alternative
arrangement due to the temperature relief valve operating nor the energy that may be lost from
the cold water expansion valve if water discharged from the bottom of the tank due to expansion
is above the cold water supply temperature.
Page 28
5/08/2004

Cylinder
Capacity
(litres)

Cold Water
Expansion
Valve Cost
($)
NPV ($)
Discounted
Payback
(Years)
Fuel
Energy Saving
per annum (MJ)
Energy Cost
Saving per
annum ($)
Gas
114
$0.46
$100
-$93
>25
Electricity
91
$1.77
$100
-$73
>25
Gas
144
$0.57
$100
-$91
>25
Electricity
115
$2.23
$100
-$67
>25
250
315
Table 12
Energy Savings & NPV of Cold Water Expansion Valve vs Hot Water
Expansion Valve
The results indicate that the energy savings are not sufficient to overcome the additional
investment required for the cold water expansion valve in addition to the temperature relief
valve that is still required.
Bank of Storage Heaters

The above analysis for the single storage tank was repeated for a bank of storage cylinders.
Banks of two and eight, 315 litre storage cylinders were assumed for the calculations. This time
the cost effectiveness of providing a closed pneumatic hot water expansion tank to the bank of
heaters in lieu of hot water pressure relief valves on each tank was investigated. The estimated
required expansion tank capacity is 20 litres and 70 litres for the 2 bank and 8 bank of cylinders,
respectively.
Page 29
5/08/2004

No.
Total
Cylinders Capacity
in Bank
(litres)

Fuel
Energy
Saving per
annum (MJ)
Energy Cost
Saving per
annum ($)
Hot Water
Expansion
Tank Cost ($)
NPV ($)
Discounted
Payback
(Years)
Gas
287
$1.15
$600
-$583
>25
Electricity
230
$4.46
$600
-$533
>25
Gas
1149
$4.60
$1,200
-$1,131
>25
Electricity
919
$17.83
$1,200
-$933
>25
630
2,520
Table 13
Energy Savings & NPV of Hot Water Expansion Tank vs Hot Water
Expansion Valves
The results indicate that the energy savings are not sufficient to overcome the additional
investment required for the expansion tank in addition to the temperature relief valve that is still
required. Banks of smaller cylinders will be even less cost effective since the energy savings
will be less but the cost of the expansion tank is not expected to decrease significantly.
The provision of cold water expansion valves for each cylinder in lieu of the closed hot water
expansion is still not cost effective for the bank of heaters. The provision of one larger cold
water expansion valve for the whole bank of cylinders in lieu of individual tank cold water
expansion valves is not cost effective, except in the case of the 8 bank of electrically heated
cylinders, where it is marginally cost effective due to the greater cost of electricity, with a
payback of 22 years.
Page 30
5/08/2004



This proposal is aimed at reducing the quantity of hot water that flows from outlets which, during
common usage, run directly to the drain, such as shower heads, kitchen sink taps and laundry
taps. The proposal calls for the use of 3A rated (to AS/NZS 6400) water efficient outlets for hot
water to showers, basins and troughs (sinks) in Class 3 buildings and common areas of Class 2
buildings.
The following table shows the reduced flow rates that can be expected from 3A outlets in
comparison with typical flow rates from standard outlets.
Outlet
Normal outlet
(litres per
minute)3
3A outlet
(litres per
minute)4
Water
Saving
(litres per
minute)
Hot Water
Saving [50%]
(litres per
minute)
Estimated
Usage per
Person per
Day
(minutes)
Shower
18.0
9.0
9.0
4.5
5.0
Basin
7.2
4.5
2.7
1.35
3.0
Laundry sink
13.2
9.0
4.2
2.1
1.0
Kitchen sink
13.2
9.0
4.2
2.1
5.0
Table 14
Water Flow Rates 3A Efficient Outlets vs Normal Outlets
Assuming that 50% of the water saved is hot water, estimating the usage time for each fitting
per person per day per occupancy and allowing for approximately 2 people per occupancy, the
annual hot water energy savings can be estimated as shown in Table 15 below. The analysis
assumes that the period of time the fixture is in use will not increase with the flow-restricted
fitting.
Fuel
Energy Saving per

annum
(MJ/occupancy)
Energy Cost
Saving per
annum
($/occupancy)
Gas
6666
$27
$16
$384
<1
Electricity
5333
$103
$16
$1,535
<1
Table 15
3
4
Discounted
3A Device
NPV
Payback
Cost
($/occupancy)
(Years)
($/occupancy)
Energy Savings & NPV of 3A Water Outlets
Combination outlet, Table 47 [8].

Maximum allowable flow rate for 3A outlet, Table7.1 [15].
Page 31
5/08/2004


The results indicate that for a relatively small financial outlay the energy savings will pay back
the investment in 3A water efficient outlets in less than a year.
The Plumbing Industry Commission of Victoria has recently released a Regulatory Impact
Statement (RIS) on the proposed water efficiency measures that are to be included in the
Plumbing (Water and Energy Savings) Regulations 2004 of Victoria. The proposed Regulations
contain requirements for maximum and minimum flow rates from water efficient outlets which
are similar to the 3A outlet requirements of AS/NZS 6400. The main difference being that the
maximum flow rate for basin taps is 6 litres/minute in the proposed Victorian Regulations
whereas AS/NZS 6400 specifies 4.5 litres/minute.
The RIS supports the introduction of water efficient outlets and estimates that the use of fittings
meeting the proposed regulations will produce an overall energy cost saving5 per Victorian
household of $16.11 per annum for gas and $30.52 per annum for electricity. The RIS assumes
that the cost of new fittings incorporating a flow rate restrictor is unlikely to cost any more than a
standard fitting. Hence there is an immediate payback.
In comparison with the energy cost savings reported in the RIS, the estimated savings as
calculated for this report and shown in Table 15 are higher.
It should be noted that 3A fittings may not be suitable for all locations. Locations with poor
water quality and/or low supply pressure may be unsuitable.
To reduce the wastage of water that commonly occurs from a hot water outlet when the hot
water in the pipe has cooled over time and water is run-off while waiting for hot water to flow to
the outlet, a recirculating pump and a return line to the water heater can be installed to maintain
hot water in the main supply pipe at all times. An alterative to the pump and return pipe is to
provide electrical heat trace to the supply pipework to achieve the same.
The cost effectiveness of this proposal has been estimated by calculating the supply and
running costs of the two schemes, assuming that the pipe is insulated and the heat loss rate is
the same in both cases.
A total annual charges methodology has been used to compare the relative cost of the two
schemes in real terms. A supply pipe length of 50 metres has been assumed. The results are
shown in the table below.
Table, Appendix 2 [16]
Page 32
5/08/2004


Scheme
Supply Cost
Annual Energy
Consumption
(MJ)
Annual
Running Cost
Total Annual
Charges
Heat Trace
$1,950
9,816
$190
$400
Circulating
Pump
$1,760
2,365
$46
$207
Table 16
Cost Effectiveness of Heat Trace on DHW vs Circulating Pump
The results show that the heat trace option has a higher total annual charges and is therefore
less cost effective than installing a circulating pump.
Page 33
5/08/2004


GLOSSARY
CDB
Degree(s) Celsius Dry Bulb.
CWB
degree(s) Celsius Wet Bulb
Joules. A measure of energy use.
kJ
Kilo Joules. (1kJ = 1,000 Joules).
kW
Kilo Watts. (1kW = 1,000 Watts). A measure of power, the rate of using
energy. (1kW = 1kJ/s).
MJ
Mega Joules. (1MJ = 1,000,000 Joules).
NPV
Net Present Value. The cumulative value of future yearly savings over the
lifetime of an investment in current year dollars.
kPa
Kilo Pascals. (1kPa = 1,000 Pascals). A measure of pressure.
PVF
Present Value Factor. This factor is applied to a future amount to determine its
current value. PVF=1/(1+r)n
PVNAS
Present Value Net Annual Savings. The net annual savings multiplied by the
present value factor.
Page 34
5/08/2004


REFERENCES
1. Energy Performance Assessment Of HVAC Equipment For Class 2, 3 and 4 Buildings (BCA
Vol 1: SECTION I & J SERVICES) for ABCB. Report No. GC704-D4 Section J_HVAC_
Summary Rpt_3.doc. DASCEM. 27/01/2004.
2. AIRAH Technical Handbook 3rd Edition 2000. Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air
Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH).
3. Energy Efficiency Project Commercial Buildings: Development of an Energy Consumption
Allowance for Multi-Residential Buildings. Donnelly, E. 2003.
4. Financial Analysis Procedure for Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Classes 2-9.
Atech
Group.2003. Final Report. 14 July 2003. Australian Building Codes Board.

5. CSR Bradford Insulation. Industrial Insulation Design Guide.
6. NATSPEC Services, July 2003.
7. Energy Efficiency Measures. BCA Volume 1. Regulatory Proposal for Class 2, 3 & 4
Buildings. September 2003. RD 2003 1. Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB).
8. Selection and Sizing of Copper Tubes for Water Piping Systems. The Institute of Plumbing
Australia. 1976.
9. AS/NZS 3500.4:2003. Plumbing and drainage Heated water services.
10. Air Conditioning Water Piping. Application Manual No. DA16.
Australian Institute of
Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH). January 1994.

11. Applied Thermodynamics for Engineering Technologists.
Eastop, T.D & McConkey, A..
1970.
12. Heat Transfer, 8th edition. Holman, J.P. 1999.
13. Hot Water Manual. Rheem. February 1983.
14. Rawlinsons. Australian Construction Handbook. Edition 22. 2004.
15. AS/NZS 6400:2003. Water efficient products Rating and labelling.
16. Regulatory Impact Statement (RIS). Plumbing (Water and Energy Savings) Regulations
2004. Part 12A of the Building Act 1993 (Victoria). Plumbing Industry Commission, Victoria
2003.
Page 35
5/08/2004


APPENDICES
Page 36
5/08/2004


Appendix A
Clause J4.6
Hot Water Supply
Page I
5/08/2004

J4.6

Hot water supply
A hot water supply system, other than a solar hot water supply system
in climate zones 1, 2 and 3, must be designed and installed in
accordance with Section 6A of AS/NZS 3500.4.2 and(a)
the following elements are to be insulated to achieve a

minimum Total R-Value of 0.2:
(i)
the section of outlet piping from that required to be

insulated by Section 6A of AS/NZS 3500.4.2 to within 2 m
of the outlet; and
(ii)
any expansion device (including a water expansion valve,

temperature or pressure relief valve), strainer, isolation
valve or the like that is installed along, or immediately next
to, piping that is required to be insulated; and
(b)
hot water tanks used solely for storage must be insulated to

achieve a minimum Total R-Value of 1.0; and
a hot water supply system may only be combined with a space

heating system when hot water supply is the main use of the
system; and
(d)
hot water for personal hygiene and domestic washing purposes

may only be stored at a higher temperature than needed for
those purposes when the main use of the hot water is at the
higher temperature, such as for a kitchen or laundry; and
(e)
the hot water supply system must have the means to allow
water expansion without the discharge of(i)
hot water, where there is only a single storage heater;

and
(ii)
any water, where there is a bank of storage heaters.
(f) in a Class 3 building or a common area of a Class 2 building, hot

water outlets for showers, basins and troughs must be of the 3A
efficient type in accordance with Table 7.1 of AS/NZS 6400.
Page II
5/08/2004


Appendix B
Insulation Costs
Page III
5/08/2004


Insulation Cost ($/m)

Insulation Thickness (mm)
Nitrile rubber

Rockwool
13
25
15
$8
18
$9
20
$10
25
$34
32
$36
Nominal Bore (mm)
Table 17
DHW PIPING INSULATION COST
Insulation Cost ($/valve)
Nominal Bore (mm)

25
20
$3
25
$10
32
$12
Table 18
DHW VALVE INSULATION COST
Page IV
5/08/2004


Appendix C
Heat Loss Calculation Results Insulated vs Un-insulated Copper Pipe
Page V
5/08/2004


Heat Loss Rate vs. Time for stationary water in insulated & un-insulated 32mm copper pipe
70.0
60.0
Heat Loss Rate (W/m)
50.0
Bare Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
Insulated Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 4
Heat Loss Rate 32mm Copper Pipe
Water Temperature vs. Time for stationary water in insulated & un-insulated 32mm copper pipe
70.0
60.0
Temperature (C)
50.0
Bare Cu Ts (C)
Insulated Cu Ts
(C)
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 5
DHW Temperature 32mm Copper Pipe
Page VI
5/08/2004


Cumulative Energy Savings vs. Time for stationary water in insulated & un-insulated 32mm copper
pipe
90000
80000
70000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
(J/m)
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Time (min)
Figure 6
Cumulative Energy Savings 32mm Copper Pipe
Page VII
5/08/2004


60.0
50.0
Bare Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
40.0
Insulated Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 7
70.0
Temperature (C)
60.0
50.0
Bare Cu Ts (C)
40.0
Insulated Cu Ts
(C)
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 8
Page VIII
5/08/2004


pipe
60000
50000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
(J/m)
40000
30000
20000
10000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Time (min)
Figure 9
Page IX
5/08/2004


45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
Bare Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
25.0
Insulated Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 10
70.0
Temperature (C)
60.0
50.0
Bare Cu Ts (C)
40.0
Insulated Cu Ts
(C)
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 11
Page X
5/08/2004


pipe
25000
20000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
(J/m)
15000
10000
5000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Time (min)
Figure 12
Page XI
5/08/2004


40.0
35.0
30.0
Bare Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
25.0
Insulated Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 13
70.0
60.0
Temperature (C)
50.0
Bare Cu Ts (C)
Insulated Cu Ts
(C)
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 14
Page XII
5/08/2004


pipe
18000
16000
14000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
(J/m)
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Time (min)
Figure 15
Page XIII
5/08/2004


40.0
35.0
30.0
Bare Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
25.0
Insulated Cu Heat
Loss Rate (W/m)
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 16
70.0
60.0
Temperature (C)
50.0
Bare Cu Ts (C)
Insulated Cu Ts
(C)
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Time (min)
Figure 17
DHW Temperature 15 mm Copper Pipe
Page XIV
5/08/2004


pipe
12000
10000
Cumulative
Energy Saving
(J/m)
8000
6000
4000
2000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Time (min)
Figure 18
Page XV
5/08/2004


1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Pipe
surface
area A
(m2)
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.721
7.683
7.646
7.608
7.570
5.946
5.912
5.880
5.848
5.817
69.8
67.7
65.7
63.7
61.8
t (s)
0
60
120
180
240
T (C)
60.00
58.87
57.77
56.70
55.66
t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
60.0
58.9
57.8
56.7
55.7
15
15
15
15
15
45.0
43.9
42.8
41.7
40.7
37.5
36.9
36.4
35.9
35.3
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
32
32
32
32
32
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
Pipe
Circum
ference
(mm)
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
300
360
420
480
540
600
54.64
53.64
52.68
51.73
50.81
49.91
5
6
7
8
9
10
54.6
53.6
52.7
51.7
50.8
49.9
15
15
15
15
15
15
39.6
38.6
37.7
36.7
35.8
34.9
34.8
34.3
33.8
33.4
32.9
32.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
32
32
32
32
32
32
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.532
7.495
7.457
7.419
7.381
7.343
5.787
5.758
5.730
5.702
5.676
5.650
60.0
58.2
56.4
54.7
53.1
51.5
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
4080
49.04
48.19
47.35
46.54
45.75
44.98
44.23
43.50
42.79
42.09
41.41
40.75
40.10
39.47
38.86
38.26
37.68
37.11
36.56
36.02
35.49
34.98
34.48
33.99
33.51
33.05
32.60
32.16
31.73
31.31
30.90
30.50
30.11
29.73
29.36
29.00
28.65
28.31
27.98
27.65
27.34
27.03
26.72
26.43
26.14
25.87
25.59
25.33
25.07
24.82
24.57
24.33
24.10
23.87
23.65
23.43
23.22
23.01
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
49.0
48.2
47.4
46.5
45.8
45.0
44.2
43.5
42.8
42.1
41.4
40.7
40.1
39.5
38.9
38.3
37.7
37.1
36.6
36.0
35.5
35.0
34.5
34.0
33.5
33.0
32.6
32.2
31.7
31.3
30.9
30.5
30.1
29.7
29.4
29.0
28.7
28.3
28.0
27.7
27.3
27.0
26.7
26.4
26.1
25.9
25.6
25.3
25.1
24.8
24.6
24.3
24.1
23.9
23.6
23.4
23.2
23.0
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
34.0
33.2
32.4
31.5
30.8
30.0
29.2
28.5
27.8
27.1
26.4
25.7
25.1
24.5
23.9
23.3
22.7
22.1
21.6
21.0
20.5
20.0
19.5
19.0
18.5
18.0
17.6
17.2
16.7
16.3
15.9
15.5
15.1
14.7
14.4
14.0
13.7
13.3
13.0
12.7
12.3
12.0
11.7
11.4
11.1
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.1
9.8
9.6
9.3
9.1
8.9
8.6
8.4
8.2
8.0
32.0
31.6
31.2
30.8
30.4
30.0
29.6
29.2
28.9
28.5
28.2
27.9
27.6
27.2
26.9
26.6
26.3
26.1
25.8
25.5
25.2
25.0
24.7
24.5
24.3
24.0
23.8
23.6
23.4
23.2
22.9
22.7
22.6
22.4
22.2
22.0
21.8
21.7
21.5
21.3
21.2
21.0
20.9
20.7
20.6
20.4
20.3
20.2
20.0
19.9
19.8
19.7
19.5
19.4
19.3
19.2
19.1
19.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.7
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.305
7.267
7.230
7.192
7.154
7.116
7.078
7.041
7.003
6.965
6.928
6.890
6.852
6.815
6.777
6.740
6.703
6.665
6.628
6.591
6.554
6.517
6.480
6.443
6.406
6.369
6.333
6.296
6.260
6.223
6.187
6.151
6.115
6.079
6.043
6.007
5.972
5.936
5.901
5.865
5.830
5.795
5.760
5.725
5.691
5.656
5.622
5.587
5.553
5.519
5.485
5.452
5.418
5.385
5.351
5.318
5.285
5.252
5.625
5.601
5.577
5.554
5.532
5.510
5.489
5.468
5.448
5.429
5.410
5.392
5.374
5.357
5.340
5.324
5.308
5.292
5.277
5.263
5.248
5.235
5.221
5.208
5.195
5.183
5.171
5.159
5.148
5.137
5.126
5.115
5.105
5.095
5.085
5.076
5.067
5.058
5.049
5.041
5.032
5.024
5.017
5.009
5.002
4.994
4.987
4.980
4.974
4.967
4.961
4.955
4.949
4.943
4.937
4.932
4.926
4.921
50.0
48.5
47.1
45.7
44.3
43.0
41.7
40.5
39.3
38.1
37.0
35.9
34.9
33.8
32.8
31.9
30.9
30.0
29.1
28.3
27.5
26.7
25.9
25.1
24.4
23.7
23.0
22.3
21.7
21.0
20.4
19.8
19.3
18.7
18.2
17.6
17.1
16.6
16.1
15.7
15.2
14.8
14.4
13.9
13.5
13.1
12.8
12.4
12.0
11.7
11.4
11.0
10.7
10.4
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.3
Ts (C)
Table 19
Ta (C)
T (C)
Tavg (C)
v (m/s)
Nom Size
(mm)
OD (do)
(mm)
Pipe
Length
(m)
hC
hR
(W/m2K)
(W/m2K)
Sample Heat Loss Calculation Results: Un-insulated 32mm Copper Pipe
Page XVI
5/08/2004
Heat Loss
Rate
(W/m)

Ts (C)

Ta (C)
T (C)
k (W/mK)
hs
2
(W/m K)
Ins
Heat Loss
Ins OD
Nom Size Pipe OD
Thickness
Rate
(d2) (mm)
(do) (mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(W/m)
t (s)
0
60
120
180
t (min)
0
1
2
3
T (C)
60.0
59.8
59.6
59.4
60.00
59.79
59.59
59.38
15
15
15
15
45.0
44.8
44.6
44.4
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.6
32
32
32
32
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
25
25
25
25
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
11.2
11.1
11.1
11.0
240
300
360
420
480
540
4
5
6
7
8
9
59.2
59.0
58.8
58.6
58.4
58.2
59.18
58.97
58.77
58.57
58.37
58.17
15
15
15
15
15
15
44.2
44.0
43.8
43.6
43.4
43.2
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.5
32
32
32
32
32
32
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
25
25
25
25
25
25
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
11.0
10.9
10.9
10.8
10.8
10.7
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
58.0
57.8
57.6
57.4
57.2
57.0
56.8
56.6
56.4
56.2
56.0
55.8
55.6
55.5
55.3
55.1
54.9
54.7
54.5
54.4
54.2
54.0
53.8
53.6
53.5
53.3
53.1
52.9
52.8
52.6
52.4
52.2
52.1
51.9
51.7
51.6
51.4
51.2
51.0
50.9
50.7
50.6
50.4
50.2
50.1
49.9
57.97
57.77
57.57
57.38
57.18
56.99
56.79
56.60
56.41
56.22
56.03
55.84
55.65
55.46
55.28
55.09
54.91
54.72
54.54
54.36
54.17
53.99
53.81
53.63
53.46
53.28
53.10
52.93
52.75
52.58
52.40
52.23
52.06
51.89
51.72
51.55
51.38
51.21
51.05
50.88
50.72
50.55
50.39
50.22
50.06
49.90
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
43.0
42.8
42.6
42.4
42.2
42.0
41.8
41.6
41.4
41.2
41.0
40.8
40.6
40.5
40.3
40.1
39.9
39.7
39.5
39.4
39.2
39.0
38.8
38.6
38.5
38.3
38.1
37.9
37.8
37.6
37.4
37.2
37.1
36.9
36.7
36.6
36.4
36.2
36.0
35.9
35.7
35.6
35.4
35.2
35.1
34.9
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.9
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
10.7
10.6
10.6
10.5
10.5
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.3
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.1
10.0
10.0
9.9
9.9
9.8
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.6
9.5
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.2
9.2
9.1
9.1
9.0
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.9
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.7
8.6
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
49.7
49.6
49.4
49.3
49.1
48.9
48.8
48.6
48.5
48.3
48.2
48.0
49.74
49.58
49.42
49.26
49.10
48.95
48.79
48.63
48.48
48.32
48.17
48.02
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
34.7
34.6
34.4
34.3
34.1
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.2
33.0
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.8
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
31.8
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
81.8
8.6
8.6
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.2
Table 20
Sample Heat Loss Calculation Results: Insulated 32mm Copper Pipe
Page XVII
5/08/2004

t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Table 21

Bare Cu Insulated
Bare Cu Insulated
Heat Loss Cu Heat Bare Cu Insulated
Heat Loss Cu Heat
Rate
Loss Rate Ts (C) Cu Ts (C)
(J/m)
Loss (J/m)
(W/m)
(W/m)
69.8
67.7
65.7
63.7
61.8
60.0
58.2
56.4
54.7
53.1
51.5
50.0
48.5
47.1
45.7
44.3
43.0
41.7
40.5
39.3
38.1
37.0
35.9
34.9
33.8
32.8
31.9
30.9
30.0
29.1
28.3
27.5
26.7
25.9
25.1
24.4
23.7
23.0
22.3
21.7
21.0
11.2
11.1
11.0
11.0
10.9
10.9
10.8
10.8
10.7
10.7
10.6
10.6
10.5
10.5
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.3
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.1
10.0
10.0
9.9
9.9
9.8
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.5
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.3
9.2
60.0
58.9
57.8
56.7
55.7
54.6
53.6
52.7
51.7
50.8
49.9
49.0
48.2
47.4
46.5
45.8
45.0
44.2
43.5
42.8
42.1
41.4
40.7
40.1
39.5
38.9
38.3
37.7
37.1
36.6
36.0
35.5
35.0
34.5
34.0
33.5
33.0
32.6
32.2
31.7
31.3
60.0
59.8
59.6
59.4
59.2
59.0
58.8
58.6
58.4
58.2
58.0
57.8
57.6
57.4
57.2
57.0
56.8
56.6
56.4
56.2
56.0
55.8
55.6
55.5
55.3
55.1
54.9
54.7
54.5
54.4
54.2
54.0
53.8
53.6
53.5
53.3
53.1
52.9
52.8
52.6
52.4
4191
4065
3942
3824
3709
3598
3490
3385
3284
3186
3091
2999
2910
2824
2740
2658
2580
2503
2429
2357
2288
2220
2155
2091
2030
1970
1912
1856
1802
1749
1698
1648
1600
1553
1508
1464
1421
1379
1339
1300
1262
669
666
663
660
657
654
650
647
644
641
638
635
632
629
627
624
621
618
615
612
609
606
603
601
598
595
592
590
587
584
581
579
576
573
570
568
565
563
560
557
555
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
3522
3399
3279
3164
3052
2944
2839
2738
2640
2545
2453
2364
2278
2194
2113
2035
1959
1886
1814
1745
1679
1614
1551
1491
1432
1375
1320
1267
1215
1165
1116
1069
1024
980
937
896
856
817
779
743
708
Cumulative
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
3522
6921
10200
13364
16416
19360
22200
24938
27578
30123
32575
34939
37217
39411
41524
43559
45518
47403
49218
50963
52642
54256
55807
57298
58730
60105
61425
62692
63907
65072
66188
67258
68282
69261
70199
71094
71950
72767
73546
74289
74997
Sample Energy Saving Results: Insulated vs Un-insulated 32mm Copper

Pipe
Page XVIII
5/08/2004


1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Pipe
surface
area A
(m2)
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
8.074
8.023
7.972
7.921
7.870
5.946
5.903
5.861
5.821
5.782
57.4
55.2
53.1
51.0
49.1
t (s)
0
60
120
180
240
T (C)
60.00
58.55
57.15
55.79
54.48
t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
60.0
58.6
57.1
55.8
54.5
15
15
15
15
15
45.0
43.6
42.1
40.8
39.5
37.5
36.8
36.1
35.4
34.7
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
25
25
25
25
25
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
Pipe
Circum
ference
(mm)
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
300
360
420
480
540
600
53.21
51.98
50.79
49.63
48.52
47.44
5
6
7
8
9
10
53.2
52.0
50.8
49.6
48.5
47.4
15
15
15
15
15
15
38.2
37.0
35.8
34.6
33.5
32.4
34.1
33.5
32.9
32.3
31.8
31.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
25
25
25
25
25
25
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.819
7.768
7.717
7.666
7.615
7.564
5.745
5.709
5.675
5.642
5.610
5.579
47.2
45.4
43.6
42.0
40.4
38.8
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
4080
46.40
45.39
44.41
43.46
42.54
41.66
40.80
39.97
39.16
38.39
37.63
36.90
36.20
35.52
34.86
34.22
33.60
33.00
32.42
31.86
31.32
30.79
30.28
29.79
29.31
28.85
28.41
27.98
27.56
27.15
26.76
26.38
26.02
25.66
25.32
24.99
24.67
24.35
24.05
23.76
23.48
23.21
22.94
22.69
22.44
22.20
21.97
21.74
21.53
21.32
21.11
20.92
20.73
20.54
20.36
20.19
20.02
19.86
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
46.4
45.4
44.4
43.5
42.5
41.7
40.8
40.0
39.2
38.4
37.6
36.9
36.2
35.5
34.9
34.2
33.6
33.0
32.4
31.9
31.3
30.8
30.3
29.8
29.3
28.9
28.4
28.0
27.6
27.2
26.8
26.4
26.0
25.7
25.3
25.0
24.7
24.4
24.1
23.8
23.5
23.2
22.9
22.7
22.4
22.2
22.0
21.7
21.5
21.3
21.1
20.9
20.7
20.5
20.4
20.2
20.0
19.9
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
31.4
30.4
29.4
28.5
27.5
26.7
25.8
25.0
24.2
23.4
22.6
21.9
21.2
20.5
19.9
19.2
18.6
18.0
17.4
16.9
16.3
15.8
15.3
14.8
14.3
13.9
13.4
13.0
12.6
12.2
11.8
11.4
11.0
10.7
10.3
10.0
9.7
9.4
9.1
8.8
8.5
8.2
7.9
7.7
7.4
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.5
6.3
6.1
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.9
30.7
30.2
29.7
29.2
28.8
28.3
27.9
27.5
27.1
26.7
26.3
26.0
25.6
25.3
24.9
24.6
24.3
24.0
23.7
23.4
23.2
22.9
22.6
22.4
22.2
21.9
21.7
21.5
21.3
21.1
20.9
20.7
20.5
20.3
20.2
20.0
19.8
19.7
19.5
19.4
19.2
19.1
19.0
18.8
18.7
18.6
18.5
18.4
18.3
18.2
18.1
18.0
17.9
17.8
17.7
17.6
17.5
17.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
79.8
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.513
7.462
7.411
7.360
7.309
7.258
7.207
7.157
7.106
7.056
7.005
6.955
6.905
6.855
6.805
6.755
6.705
6.656
6.607
6.557
6.508
6.459
6.411
6.362
6.314
6.266
6.218
6.170
6.122
6.075
6.028
5.981
5.934
5.888
5.841
5.795
5.750
5.704
5.659
5.614
5.569
5.524
5.480
5.436
5.392
5.348
5.305
5.262
5.219
5.177
5.135
5.093
5.051
5.009
4.968
4.927
4.887
4.846
5.550
5.521
5.494
5.467
5.442
5.417
5.393
5.370
5.348
5.327
5.306
5.287
5.268
5.249
5.231
5.214
5.198
5.182
5.166
5.151
5.137
5.123
5.110
5.097
5.084
5.072
5.060
5.049
5.038
5.028
5.018
5.008
4.998
4.989
4.980
4.972
4.963
4.955
4.948
4.940
4.933
4.926
4.919
4.913
4.907
4.900
4.895
4.889
4.883
4.878
4.873
4.868
4.863
4.858
4.854
4.850
4.845
4.841
37.3
35.9
34.6
33.2
32.0
30.8
29.6
28.5
27.4
26.4
25.4
24.4
23.5
22.6
21.8
20.9
20.2
19.4
18.7
18.0
17.3
16.7
16.0
15.4
14.9
14.3
13.8
13.3
12.8
12.3
11.8
11.4
11.0
10.6
10.2
9.8
9.4
9.1
8.7
8.4
8.1
7.8
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.5
6.2
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.3
Ts (C)
Table 22
Ta (C)
T (C)
Tavg (C)
v (m/s)
Nom Size
(mm)
OD (do)
(mm)
Pipe
Length
(m)
hC
hR
(W/m2K)
(W/m2K)
Page XIX
5/08/2004
Heat Loss
Rate
(W/m)

Ts (C)

Ta (C)
T (C)
k (W/mK)
hs
2
(W/m K)
Ins
Heat Loss
Ins OD
Nom Size Pipe OD
Thickness
Rate
(d2) (mm)
(do) (mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(W/m)
t (s)
0
60
120
180
t (min)
0
1
2
3
T (C)
60.0
59.7
59.4
59.2
60.00
59.72
59.43
59.15
15
15
15
15
45.0
44.7
44.4
44.2
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.6
25
25
25
25
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25
25
25
25
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.6
240
300
360
420
480
540
4
5
6
7
8
9
58.9
58.6
58.3
58.0
57.8
57.5
58.87
58.60
58.32
58.05
57.78
57.51
15
15
15
15
15
15
43.9
43.6
43.3
43.0
42.8
42.5
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
25
25
25
25
25
25
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25
25
25
25
25
25
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.3
9.2
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
57.2
57.0
56.7
56.4
56.2
55.9
55.7
55.4
55.1
54.9
54.6
54.4
54.1
53.9
53.7
53.4
53.2
52.9
52.7
52.4
52.2
52.0
51.7
51.5
51.3
51.0
50.8
50.6
50.4
50.1
49.9
49.7
49.5
49.3
49.1
48.8
48.6
48.4
48.2
48.0
47.8
47.6
47.4
47.2
47.0
46.8
57.24
56.97
56.71
56.44
56.18
55.92
55.66
55.40
55.15
54.90
54.64
54.39
54.14
53.90
53.65
53.41
53.16
52.92
52.68
52.45
52.21
51.97
51.74
51.51
51.28
51.05
50.82
50.59
50.37
50.15
49.92
49.70
49.48
49.27
49.05
48.84
48.62
48.41
48.20
47.99
47.78
47.57
47.37
47.16
46.96
46.76
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
42.2
42.0
41.7
41.4
41.2
40.9
40.7
40.4
40.1
39.9
39.6
39.4
39.1
38.9
38.7
38.4
38.2
37.9
37.7
37.4
37.2
37.0
36.7
36.5
36.3
36.0
35.8
35.6
35.4
35.1
34.9
34.7
34.5
34.3
34.1
33.8
33.6
33.4
33.2
33.0
32.8
32.6
32.4
32.2
32.0
31.8
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.7
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
9.1
9.1
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.8
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
46.6
46.4
46.2
46.0
45.8
45.6
45.4
45.2
45.0
44.8
44.6
44.4
46.56
46.36
46.16
45.96
45.77
45.57
45.38
45.19
45.00
44.81
44.62
44.43
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
31.6
31.4
31.2
31.0
30.8
30.6
30.4
30.2
30.0
29.8
29.6
29.4
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25.4
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
75.4
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.4
6.3
Table 23
Page XX
5/08/2004

t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Table 24

Bare Cu Insulated
Bare Cu Insulated
Heat Loss Cu Heat
Rate
(J/m)
Loss (J/m)
(W/m)
(W/m)
57.4
55.2
53.1
51.0
49.1
47.2
45.4
43.6
42.0
40.4
38.8
37.3
35.9
34.6
33.2
32.0
30.8
29.6
28.5
27.4
26.4
25.4
24.4
23.5
22.6
21.8
20.9
20.2
19.4
18.7
18.0
17.3
16.7
16.0
15.4
14.9
14.3
13.8
13.3
12.8
12.3
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.6
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.3
9.2
9.1
9.1
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.5
60.0
58.6
57.1
55.8
54.5
53.2
52.0
50.8
49.6
48.5
47.4
46.4
45.4
44.4
43.5
42.5
41.7
40.8
40.0
39.2
38.4
37.6
36.9
36.2
35.5
34.9
34.2
33.6
33.0
32.4
31.9
31.3
30.8
30.3
29.8
29.3
28.9
28.4
28.0
27.6
27.2
60.0
59.7
59.4
59.2
58.9
58.6
58.3
58.0
57.8
57.5
57.2
57.0
56.7
56.4
56.2
55.9
55.7
55.4
55.1
54.9
54.6
54.4
54.1
53.9
53.7
53.4
53.2
52.9
52.7
52.4
52.2
52.0
51.7
51.5
51.3
51.0
50.8
50.6
50.4
50.1
49.9
3446
3313
3185
3062
2944
2831
2722
2618
2518
2422
2329
2240
2155
2073
1994
1919
1846
1776
1709
1644
1582
1522
1465
1410
1357
1306
1257
1209
1164
1120
1078
1038
999
962
926
891
858
826
795
766
737
585
581
577
574
570
566
563
559
555
552
548
545
541
538
534
531
528
524
521
518
514
511
508
504
501
498
495
492
489
485
482
479
476
473
470
467
464
461
458
455
452
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
2862
2732
2608
2489
2374
2265
2160
2059
1962
1870
1781
1696
1614
1535
1460
1388
1318
1252
1188
1127
1068
1011
957
905
855
808
762
718
675
635
596
559
523
489
456
424
394
365
337
310
285
Cumulative
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
2862
5594
8202
10690
13065
15330
17490
19549
21511
23381
25162
26858
28471
30006
31466
32854
34172
35424
36611
37738
38806
39817
40774
41679
42535
43342
44104
44822
45497
46132
46728
47287
47810
48299
48754
49179
49573
49937
50275
50585
50870

Pipe
Page XXI
5/08/2004


1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Pipe
surface
area A
(m2)
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
8.552
8.477
8.402
8.328
8.253
5.946
5.886
5.830
5.777
5.726
44.4
42.1
39.8
37.7
35.7
t (s)
0
60
120
180
240
T (C)
60.00
58.01
56.10
54.28
52.54
t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
60.0
58.0
56.1
54.3
52.5
15
15
15
15
15
45.0
43.0
41.1
39.3
37.5
37.5
36.5
35.6
34.6
33.8
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
20
20
20
20
20
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
Pipe
Circum
ference
(mm)
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
300
360
420
480
540
600
50.88
49.29
47.77
46.32
44.93
43.60
5
6
7
8
9
10
50.9
49.3
47.8
46.3
44.9
43.6
15
15
15
15
15
15
35.9
34.3
32.8
31.3
29.9
28.6
32.9
32.1
31.4
30.7
30.0
29.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
20
20
20
20
20
20
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
8.178
8.103
8.028
7.953
7.879
7.804
5.678
5.632
5.589
5.547
5.508
5.471
33.8
32.1
30.4
28.8
27.3
25.9
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
4080
42.34
41.12
39.97
38.86
37.80
36.79
35.83
34.90
34.02
33.18
32.37
31.60
30.87
30.17
29.49
28.85
28.24
27.65
27.09
26.56
26.04
25.55
25.09
24.64
24.21
23.80
23.41
23.04
22.69
22.34
22.02
21.71
21.41
21.13
20.86
20.60
20.35
20.11
19.88
19.67
19.46
19.26
19.08
18.89
18.72
18.56
18.40
18.25
18.10
17.97
17.84
17.71
17.59
17.48
17.37
17.26
17.16
17.06
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
42.3
41.1
40.0
38.9
37.8
36.8
35.8
34.9
34.0
33.2
32.4
31.6
30.9
30.2
29.5
28.9
28.2
27.7
27.1
26.6
26.0
25.6
25.1
24.6
24.2
23.8
23.4
23.0
22.7
22.3
22.0
21.7
21.4
21.1
20.9
20.6
20.3
20.1
19.9
19.7
19.5
19.3
19.1
18.9
18.7
18.6
18.4
18.2
18.1
18.0
17.8
17.7
17.6
17.5
17.4
17.3
17.2
17.1
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
27.3
26.1
25.0
23.9
22.8
21.8
20.8
19.9
19.0
18.2
17.4
16.6
15.9
15.2
14.5
13.9
13.2
12.7
12.1
11.6
11.0
10.6
10.1
9.6
9.2
8.8
8.4
8.0
7.7
7.3
7.0
6.7
6.4
6.1
5.9
5.6
5.3
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
28.7
28.1
27.5
26.9
26.4
25.9
25.4
25.0
24.5
24.1
23.7
23.3
22.9
22.6
22.2
21.9
21.6
21.3
21.0
20.8
20.5
20.3
20.0
19.8
19.6
19.4
19.2
19.0
18.8
18.7
18.5
18.4
18.2
18.1
17.9
17.8
17.7
17.6
17.4
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.0
16.9
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.6
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.2
16.1
16.1
16.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.729
7.655
7.581
7.506
7.432
7.359
7.285
7.212
7.139
7.066
6.994
6.922
6.850
6.778
6.707
6.637
6.566
6.496
6.427
6.358
6.289
6.221
6.153
6.086
6.019
5.953
5.887
5.822
5.757
5.693
5.630
5.567
5.504
5.442
5.380
5.319
5.259
5.199
5.140
5.081
5.023
4.965
4.908
4.852
4.796
4.740
4.685
4.631
4.577
4.524
4.471
4.419
4.368
4.317
4.266
4.216
4.167
4.118
5.436
5.402
5.370
5.340
5.311
5.284
5.257
5.233
5.209
5.186
5.165
5.145
5.125
5.107
5.089
5.072
5.056
5.041
5.026
5.012
4.999
4.986
4.974
4.963
4.952
4.941
4.931
4.922
4.913
4.904
4.896
4.888
4.880
4.873
4.866
4.860
4.854
4.848
4.842
4.837
4.831
4.826
4.822
4.817
4.813
4.809
4.805
4.801
4.797
4.794
4.791
4.788
4.785
4.782
4.779
4.776
4.774
4.772
24.5
23.2
22.0
20.9
19.8
18.8
17.8
16.9
16.0
15.2
14.4
13.6
12.9
12.3
11.6
11.0
10.5
9.9
9.4
8.9
8.5
8.1
7.6
7.3
6.9
6.5
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.3
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
Ts (C)
Table 25
Ta (C)
T (C)
Tavg (C)
v (m/s)
Nom Size
(mm)
OD (do)
(mm)
Pipe
Length
(m)
hC
hR
(W/m2K)
(W/m2K)
Page XXII
5/08/2004
Heat Loss
Rate
(W/m)

Ts (C)

Ta (C)
T (C)
k (W/mK)
hs
2
(W/m K)
Ins
Heat Loss
Ins OD
Nom Size Pipe OD
Thickness
Rate
(d2) (mm)
(do) (mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(W/m)
t (s)
0
60
120
180
t (min)
0
1
2
3
T (C)
60.0
59.4
58.8
58.2
60.00
59.40
58.81
58.23
15
15
15
15
45.0
44.4
43.8
43.2
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
15.1
15.1
15.0
15.0
20
20
20
20
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
13
13
13
13
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
11.6
11.4
11.2
11.1
240
300
360
420
480
540
4
5
6
7
8
9
57.7
57.1
56.5
56.0
55.4
54.9
57.66
57.09
56.53
55.98
55.43
54.90
15
15
15
15
15
15
42.7
42.1
41.5
41.0
40.4
39.9
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.8
14.8
14.7
20
20
20
20
20
20
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
13
13
13
13
13
13
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
10.9
10.8
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.2
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
54.4
53.8
53.3
52.8
52.3
51.8
51.3
50.8
50.4
49.9
49.4
49.0
48.5
48.1
47.6
47.2
46.8
46.4
45.9
45.5
45.1
44.7
44.3
43.9
43.6
43.2
42.8
42.4
42.1
41.7
41.4
41.0
40.7
40.3
40.0
39.7
39.3
39.0
38.7
38.4
38.1
37.8
37.4
37.2
36.9
36.6
54.37
53.84
53.33
52.82
52.32
51.82
51.33
50.85
50.37
49.90
49.44
48.98
48.53
48.08
47.64
47.21
46.78
46.36
45.94
45.53
45.13
44.73
44.33
43.94
43.56
43.18
42.80
42.44
42.07
41.71
41.36
41.01
40.66
40.32
39.98
39.65
39.32
39.00
38.68
38.37
38.06
37.75
37.45
37.15
36.86
36.57
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
39.4
38.8
38.3
37.8
37.3
36.8
36.3
35.8
35.4
34.9
34.4
34.0
33.5
33.1
32.6
32.2
31.8
31.4
30.9
30.5
30.1
29.7
29.3
28.9
28.6
28.2
27.8
27.4
27.1
26.7
26.4
26.0
25.7
25.3
25.0
24.7
24.3
24.0
23.7
23.4
23.1
22.8
22.4
22.2
21.9
21.6
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.7
14.7
14.6
14.6
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.8
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.2
13.2
13.2
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
10.1
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.5
9.4
9.3
9.2
9.0
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.6
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
36.3
36.0
35.7
35.4
35.2
34.9
34.6
34.4
34.1
33.9
33.6
33.4
36.28
36.00
35.72
35.44
35.17
34.90
34.64
34.38
34.12
33.87
33.62
33.37
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
21.3
21.0
20.7
20.4
20.2
19.9
19.6
19.4
19.1
18.9
18.6
18.4
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
12.9
12.9
12.9
12.8
12.8
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
45.1
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.6
Table 26
Page XXIII
5/08/2004

t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Table 27

Bare Cu Insulated
Bare Cu Insulated
Heat Loss Cu Heat
Rate
Loss (J/m)
(J/m)
(W/m)
(W/m)
44.1
41.8
39.6
37.5
35.5
33.6
31.9
30.2
28.6
27.1
25.7
24.3
23.1
21.9
20.7
19.7
18.6
17.7
16.8
15.9
15.1
14.3
13.6
12.9
12.2
11.6
11.0
10.4
9.9
9.4
8.9
8.4
8.0
7.6
7.2
6.8
6.5
6.2
5.8
5.5
5.3
11.6
11.4
11.2
11.1
10.9
10.8
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.2
10.1
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.5
9.4
9.3
9.2
9.0
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.6
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.7
60.0
58.0
56.1
54.3
52.5
50.9
49.3
47.8
46.3
44.9
43.6
42.3
41.1
40.0
38.9
37.8
36.8
35.8
34.9
34.0
33.2
32.4
31.6
30.9
30.2
29.5
28.9
28.2
27.7
27.1
26.6
26.0
25.6
25.1
24.6
24.2
23.8
23.4
23.0
22.7
22.3
60.0
59.4
58.8
58.2
57.7
57.1
56.5
56.0
55.4
54.9
54.4
53.8
53.3
52.8
52.3
51.8
51.3
50.8
50.4
49.9
49.4
49.0
48.5
48.1
47.6
47.2
46.8
46.4
45.9
45.5
45.1
44.7
44.3
43.9
43.6
43.2
42.8
42.4
42.1
41.7
41.4
2648
2507
2375
2249
2130
2018
1912
1811
1716
1626
1541
1461
1385
1313
1244
1180
1118
1060
1006
953
904
858
813
771
732
694
658
625
593
562
533
506
480
456
432
410
389
370
351
333
316
694
684
675
666
657
648
639
630
622
613
605
597
589
581
573
565
557
550
542
535
527
520
513
506
499
493
486
479
473
466
460
454
448
441
435
429
424
418
412
407
401
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
1955
1823
1700
1583
1473
1370
1273
1181
1095
1013
936
864
796
732
672
615
561
511
463
419
377
337
300
265
232
202
173
145
120
96
73
52
33
14
-3
-19
-34
-48
-61
-74
-85
Cumulative
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
1955
3778
5477
7060
8534
9904
11177
12358
13452
14465
15402
16266
17062
17794
18466
19081
19642
20153
20616
21035
21412
21749
22049
22314
22547
22748
22921
23066
23186
23282
23355
23407
23440
23454
23451
23432
23398
23349
23288
23214
23129

Pipe
Page XXIV
5/08/2004


1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Pipe
surface
area A
(m2)
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
t (s)
0
60
120
180
240
T (C)
60.00
57.56
55.24
53.06
50.99
t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
60.0
57.6
55.2
53.1
51.0
15
15
15
15
15
45.0
42.6
40.2
38.1
36.0
37.5
36.3
35.1
34.0
33.0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
18
18
18
18
18
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
Pipe
Circum
ference
(mm)
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
49.9
300
360
420
480
540
600
49.03
47.19
45.44
43.78
42.22
40.74
5
6
7
8
9
10
49.0
47.2
45.4
43.8
42.2
40.7
15
15
15
15
15
15
34.0
32.2
30.4
28.8
27.2
25.7
32.0
31.1
30.2
29.4
28.6
27.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
18
18
18
18
18
18
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
4080
39.34
38.02
36.77
35.59
34.47
33.41
32.41
31.46
30.57
29.72
28.92
28.17
27.45
26.78
26.14
25.53
24.96
24.42
23.91
23.42
22.96
22.53
22.12
21.74
21.37
21.02
20.70
20.39
20.09
19.82
19.56
19.31
19.07
18.85
18.64
18.45
18.26
18.08
17.91
17.76
17.61
17.46
17.33
17.20
17.08
16.97
16.86
16.76
16.67
16.58
16.49
16.41
16.33
16.26
16.19
16.13
16.07
16.01
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
39.3
38.0
36.8
35.6
34.5
33.4
32.4
31.5
30.6
29.7
28.9
28.2
27.5
26.8
26.1
25.5
25.0
24.4
23.9
23.4
23.0
22.5
22.1
21.7
21.4
21.0
20.7
20.4
20.1
19.8
19.6
19.3
19.1
18.9
18.6
18.4
18.3
18.1
17.9
17.8
17.6
17.5
17.3
17.2
17.1
17.0
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.1
16.0
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
24.3
23.0
21.8
20.6
19.5
18.4
17.4
16.5
15.6
14.7
13.9
13.2
12.5
11.8
11.1
10.5
10.0
9.4
8.9
8.4
8.0
7.5
7.1
6.7
6.4
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.1
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
27.2
26.5
25.9
25.3
24.7
24.2
23.7
23.2
22.8
22.4
22.0
21.6
21.2
20.9
20.6
20.3
20.0
19.7
19.5
19.2
19.0
18.8
18.6
18.4
18.2
18.0
17.8
17.7
17.5
17.4
17.3
17.2
17.0
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.6
16.5
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.2
16.1
16.0
16.0
15.9
15.9
15.8
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
Ts (C)
Table 28
Ta (C)
T (C)
Tavg (C)
v (m/s)
Nom Size
(mm)
OD (do)
(mm)
Pipe
Length
(m)
hC
hR
(W/m2K)
(W/m2K)
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
8.869
8.773
8.678
8.582
8.486
5.946
5.873
5.805
5.741
5.681
37.6
35.1
32.9
30.7
28.8
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
8.391
8.295
8.200
8.104
8.009
7.914
5.625
5.572
5.523
5.476
5.433
5.392
26.9
25.2
23.6
22.0
20.6
19.3
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.819
7.724
7.630
7.536
7.442
7.349
7.256
7.164
7.072
6.981
6.891
6.801
6.712
6.623
6.535
6.448
6.362
6.276
6.191
6.107
6.024
5.941
5.860
5.779
5.699
5.620
5.541
5.464
5.387
5.312
5.237
5.163
5.090
5.018
4.946
4.876
4.806
4.738
4.670
4.603
4.537
4.472
4.407
4.344
4.281
4.219
4.158
4.098
4.039
3.980
3.922
3.865
3.809
3.753
3.699
3.645
3.592
3.539
5.353
5.317
5.283
5.251
5.221
5.193
5.166
5.141
5.117
5.095
5.074
5.054
5.035
5.018
5.001
4.986
4.971
4.957
4.944
4.932
4.920
4.909
4.899
4.889
4.879
4.871
4.862
4.855
4.847
4.840
4.834
4.828
4.822
4.816
4.811
4.806
4.801
4.797
4.793
4.789
4.785
4.781
4.778
4.775
4.772
4.769
4.767
4.764
4.762
4.759
4.757
4.755
4.753
4.752
4.750
4.748
4.747
4.745
18.1
16.9
15.9
14.8
13.9
13.0
12.2
11.4
10.7
10.0
9.4
8.8
8.2
7.7
7.2
6.8
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.2
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
Page XXV
Heat Loss
Rate
(W/m)
5/08/2004

Ts (C)

Ta (C)
T (C)
k (W/mK)
hs
2
(W/m K)
Ins
Heat Loss
Ins OD
Nom Size Pipe OD
Thickness
Rate
(d2) (mm)
(do) (mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(W/m)
t (s)
0
60
120
180
t (min)
0
1
2
3
T (C)
60.0
59.2
58.5
57.7
60.00
59.23
58.47
57.73
15
15
15
15
45.0
44.2
43.5
42.7
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
15.4
15.4
15.3
15.3
18
18
18
18
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
13
13
13
13
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
10.3
10.2
10.0
9.8
240
300
360
420
480
540
4
5
6
7
8
9
57.0
56.3
55.6
54.9
54.2
53.5
57.00
56.28
55.57
54.88
54.19
53.52
15
15
15
15
15
15
42.0
41.3
40.6
39.9
39.2
38.5
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
15.2
15.2
15.1
15.1
15.0
15.0
18
18
18
18
18
18
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
13
13
13
13
13
13
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
9.6
9.5
9.3
9.1
9.0
8.8
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
52.9
52.2
51.6
50.9
50.3
49.7
49.1
48.5
48.0
47.4
46.9
46.3
45.8
45.2
44.7
44.2
43.7
43.2
42.7
42.3
41.8
41.3
40.9
40.4
40.0
39.6
39.2
38.7
38.3
37.9
37.6
37.2
36.8
36.4
36.0
35.7
35.3
35.0
34.6
34.3
34.0
33.6
33.3
33.0
32.7
32.4
52.86
52.21
51.58
50.95
50.33
49.73
49.13
48.55
47.97
47.41
46.86
46.31
45.77
45.25
44.73
44.22
43.72
43.23
42.74
42.27
41.80
41.34
40.89
40.45
40.01
39.58
39.16
38.75
38.34
37.94
37.55
37.16
36.78
36.41
36.04
35.68
35.33
34.98
34.64
34.30
33.97
33.65
33.33
33.01
32.71
32.40
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
37.9
37.2
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.1
33.5
33.0
32.4
31.9
31.3
30.8
30.2
29.7
29.2
28.7
28.2
27.7
27.3
26.8
26.3
25.9
25.4
25.0
24.6
24.2
23.7
23.3
22.9
22.6
22.2
21.8
21.4
21.0
20.7
20.3
20.0
19.6
19.3
19.0
18.6
18.3
18.0
17.7
17.4
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
14.9
14.9
14.8
14.8
14.7
14.7
14.6
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.3
14.2
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.4
13.4
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.2
13.2
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.0
13.0
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
8.7
8.5
8.4
8.2
8.1
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.9
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
32.1
31.8
31.5
31.2
31.0
30.7
30.4
30.2
29.9
29.6
29.4
29.1
32.11
31.81
31.52
31.24
30.96
30.69
30.42
30.16
29.90
29.64
29.39
29.15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
17.1
16.8
16.5
16.2
16.0
15.7
15.4
15.2
14.9
14.6
14.4
14.1
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
12.9
12.9
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.5
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
Table 29
Page XXVI
5/08/2004

t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Table 30

Bare Cu Insulated
Bare Cu Insulated
Heat Loss Cu Heat
Rate
(J/m)
Loss (J/m)
(W/m)
(W/m)
37.6
35.1
32.9
30.7
28.8
26.9
25.2
23.6
22.0
20.6
19.3
18.1
16.9
15.9
14.8
13.9
13.0
12.2
11.4
10.7
10.0
9.4
8.8
8.2
7.7
7.2
6.8
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.2
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
10.3
10.2
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.5
9.3
9.1
9.0
8.8
8.7
8.5
8.4
8.2
8.1
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.1
60.0
57.6
55.2
53.1
51.0
49.0
47.2
45.4
43.8
42.2
40.7
39.3
38.0
36.8
35.6
34.5
33.4
32.4
31.5
30.6
29.7
28.9
28.2
27.5
26.8
26.1
25.5
25.0
24.4
23.9
23.4
23.0
22.5
22.1
21.7
21.4
21.0
20.7
20.4
20.1
19.8
60.0
59.2
58.5
57.7
57.0
56.3
55.6
54.9
54.2
53.5
52.9
52.2
51.6
50.9
50.3
49.7
49.1
48.5
48.0
47.4
46.9
46.3
45.8
45.2
44.7
44.2
43.7
43.2
42.7
42.3
41.8
41.3
40.9
40.4
40.0
39.6
39.2
38.7
38.3
37.9
37.6
2256
2109
1972
1844
1725
1614
1510
1413
1323
1238
1159
1085
1016
951
891
834
781
732
686
642
602
564
528
495
464
435
407
382
358
336
315
295
277
259
243
228
214
201
188
176
165
621
610
599
588
578
568
558
548
539
529
520
511
502
493
485
476
468
460
451
444
436
428
421
413
406
399
392
385
378
372
365
359
353
346
340
334
329
323
317
312
306
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
1635
1499
1373
1256
1147
1046
952
865
784
709
639
574
514
458
406
358
314
272
234
199
166
136
108
82
58
36
15
-3
-20
-36
-51
-64
-76
-87
-97
-106
-115
-122
-129
-135
-141
Cumulative
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
1635
3135
4508
5764
6911
7957
8909
9774
10558
11266
11905
12479
12993
13451
13857
14215
14529
14801
15035
15234
15400
15535
15643
15724
15782
15818
15833
15830
15810
15774
15723
15659
15583
15496
15399
15292
15178
15055
14926
14791
14651

Pipe
Page XXVII
5/08/2004


1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Pipe
surface
area A
(m2)
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
t (s)
0
60
120
180
240
T (C)
60.00
56.87
53.95
51.24
48.72
t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
60.0
56.9
54.0
51.2
48.7
15
15
15
15
15
45.0
41.9
39.0
36.2
33.7
37.5
35.9
34.5
33.1
31.9
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
15
15
15
15
15
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
Pipe
Circum
ference
(mm)
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.9
300
360
420
480
540
600
46.37
44.19
42.16
40.27
38.51
36.87
5
6
7
8
9
10
46.4
44.2
42.2
40.3
38.5
36.9
15
15
15
15
15
15
31.4
29.2
27.2
25.3
23.5
21.9
30.7
29.6
28.6
27.6
26.8
25.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
15
15
15
15
15
15
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
4080
35.35
33.93
32.61
31.39
30.25
29.19
28.20
27.28
26.43
25.63
24.89
24.20
23.56
22.97
22.41
21.90
21.42
20.97
20.55
20.17
19.81
19.47
19.16
18.87
18.60
18.35
18.12
17.90
17.70
17.51
17.34
17.17
17.02
16.88
16.75
16.63
16.52
16.41
16.31
16.22
16.14
16.06
15.98
15.91
15.85
15.79
15.74
15.69
15.64
15.59
15.55
15.51
15.48
15.44
15.41
15.38
15.36
15.33
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
35.3
33.9
32.6
31.4
30.2
29.2
28.2
27.3
26.4
25.6
24.9
24.2
23.6
23.0
22.4
21.9
21.4
21.0
20.6
20.2
19.8
19.5
19.2
18.9
18.6
18.4
18.1
17.9
17.7
17.5
17.3
17.2
17.0
16.9
16.8
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.1
16.0
15.9
15.9
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.5
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.3
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
20.3
18.9
17.6
16.4
15.2
14.2
13.2
12.3
11.4
10.6
9.9
9.2
8.6
8.0
7.4
6.9
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.2
4.8
4.5
4.2
3.9
3.6
3.4
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
25.2
24.5
23.8
23.2
22.6
22.1
21.6
21.1
20.7
20.3
19.9
19.6
19.3
19.0
18.7
18.4
18.2
18.0
17.8
17.6
17.4
17.2
17.1
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.6
16.5
16.3
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.0
15.9
15.9
15.8
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.5
15.5
15.4
15.4
15.4
15.3
15.3
15.3
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
11.58
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
Ts (C)
Table 31
Ta (C)
T (C)
Tavg (C)
v (m/s)
Nom Size
(mm)
OD (do)
(mm)
Pipe
Length
(m)
hC
hR
(W/m2K)
(W/m2K)
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
9.274
9.145
9.016
8.887
8.758
5.946
5.853
5.767
5.688
5.616
30.9
28.3
25.9
23.8
21.8
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
8.628
8.499
8.371
8.242
8.114
7.987
5.549
5.488
5.431
5.379
5.330
5.286
20.0
18.4
16.9
15.5
14.2
13.1
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
7.860
7.734
7.608
7.484
7.360
7.237
7.116
6.995
6.876
6.758
6.641
6.526
6.412
6.299
6.188
6.078
5.970
5.863
5.758
5.654
5.551
5.451
5.351
5.253
5.157
5.063
4.969
4.878
4.788
4.699
4.612
4.526
4.442
4.359
4.278
4.198
4.119
4.042
3.966
3.892
3.819
3.747
3.676
3.607
3.539
3.473
3.407
3.343
3.280
3.218
3.157
3.097
3.039
2.981
2.925
2.869
2.815
2.762
5.245
5.207
5.171
5.139
5.109
5.081
5.055
5.031
5.009
4.988
4.969
4.952
4.935
4.920
4.906
4.893
4.881
4.869
4.859
4.849
4.840
4.832
4.824
4.817
4.810
4.804
4.798
4.792
4.787
4.783
4.778
4.774
4.771
4.767
4.764
4.761
4.758
4.755
4.753
4.751
4.749
4.747
4.745
4.743
4.742
4.740
4.739
4.737
4.736
4.735
4.734
4.733
4.732
4.732
4.731
4.730
4.729
4.729
12.0
11.0
10.1
9.3
8.6
7.9
7.2
6.7
6.1
5.6
5.2
4.8
4.4
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.4
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Page XXVIII
Heat Loss
Rate
(W/m)
5/08/2004

Ts (C)

Ta (C)
T (C)
k (W/mK)
hs
2
(W/m K)
Ins
Heat Loss
Ins OD
Nom Size Pipe OD
Thickness
Rate
(d2) (mm)
(do) (mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(W/m)
t (s)
0
60
120
180
t (min)
0
1
2
3
T (C)
60.0
58.9
57.9
56.9
60.00
58.94
57.91
56.90
15
15
15
15
45.0
43.9
42.9
41.9
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
15.8
15.8
15.7
15.6
15
15
15
15
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
13
13
13
13
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
9.1
8.9
8.7
8.4
240
300
360
420
480
540
4
5
6
7
8
9
55.9
55.0
54.0
53.1
52.2
51.3
55.91
54.95
54.01
53.10
52.20
51.32
15
15
15
15
15
15
40.9
40.0
39.0
38.1
37.2
36.3
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
15.5
15.5
15.4
15.3
15.2
15.2
15
15
15
15
15
15
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
13
13
13
13
13
13
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
8.2
8.0
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.3
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1020
1080
1140
1200
1260
1320
1380
1440
1500
1560
1620
1680
1740
1800
1860
1920
1980
2040
2100
2160
2220
2280
2340
2400
2460
2520
2580
2640
2700
2760
2820
2880
2940
3000
3060
3120
3180
3240
3300
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
50.5
49.6
48.8
48.0
47.3
46.5
45.8
45.0
44.3
43.6
43.0
42.3
41.7
41.0
40.4
39.8
39.2
38.7
38.1
37.6
37.0
36.5
36.0
35.5
35.0
34.6
34.1
33.7
33.2
32.8
32.4
32.0
31.6
31.2
30.8
30.4
30.1
29.7
29.4
29.0
28.7
28.4
28.1
27.7
27.4
27.2
50.47
49.64
48.82
48.03
47.25
46.49
45.75
45.03
44.32
43.63
42.96
42.30
41.66
41.03
40.42
39.82
39.24
38.67
38.11
37.57
37.04
36.52
36.01
35.52
35.04
34.57
34.11
33.66
33.22
32.79
32.37
31.96
31.56
31.17
30.79
30.42
30.06
29.71
29.36
29.02
28.69
28.37
28.06
27.75
27.45
27.16
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
35.5
34.6
33.8
33.0
32.3
31.5
30.8
30.0
29.3
28.6
28.0
27.3
26.7
26.0
25.4
24.8
24.2
23.7
23.1
22.6
22.0
21.5
21.0
20.5
20.0
19.6
19.1
18.7
18.2
17.8
17.4
17.0
16.6
16.2
15.8
15.4
15.1
14.7
14.4
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
12.7
12.4
12.2
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
15.1
15.0
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.4
14.3
14.3
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.0
14.0
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.7
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.5
13.4
13.4
13.3
13.3
13.2
13.2
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.0
12.9
12.9
12.8
12.8
12.7
12.7
12.6
12.6
12.5
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.1
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
3360
3420
3480
3540
3600
3660
3720
3780
3840
3900
3960
4020
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
26.9
26.6
26.3
26.1
25.8
25.5
25.3
25.0
24.8
24.6
24.4
24.1
26.87
26.59
26.32
26.05
25.79
25.54
25.29
25.05
24.81
24.58
24.36
24.14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
11.9
11.6
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.5
10.3
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.4
9.1
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
12.5
12.4
12.4
12.3
12.3
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.1
12.0
12.0
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.7
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
Table 32
Page XXIX
5/08/2004

t (min)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Table 33

Bare Cu Insulated
Bare Cu Insulated
Heat Loss Cu Heat
Rate
(J/m)
Loss (J/m)
(W/m)
(W/m)
30.9
28.3
25.9
23.8
21.8
20.0
18.4
16.9
15.5
14.2
13.1
12.0
11.0
10.1
9.3
8.6
7.9
7.2
6.7
6.1
5.6
5.2
4.8
4.4
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.4
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
9.1
8.9
8.7
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.3
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.1
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
60.0
56.9
54.0
51.2
48.7
46.4
44.2
42.2
40.3
38.5
36.9
35.3
33.9
32.6
31.4
30.2
29.2
28.2
27.3
26.4
25.6
24.9
24.2
23.6
23.0
22.4
21.9
21.4
21.0
20.6
20.2
19.8
19.5
19.2
18.9
18.6
18.4
18.1
17.9
17.7
17.5
60.0
58.9
57.9
56.9
55.9
55.0
54.0
53.1
52.2
51.3
50.5
49.6
48.8
48.0
47.3
46.5
45.8
45.0
44.3
43.6
43.0
42.3
41.7
41.0
40.4
39.8
39.2
38.7
38.1
37.6
37.0
36.5
36.0
35.5
35.0
34.6
34.1
33.7
33.2
32.8
32.4
1851
1697
1556
1428
1310
1202
1103
1013
930
854
785
721
662
608
559
514
472
434
399
367
337
310
285
263
242
222
204
188
173
159
147
135
124
114
105
97
89
82
76
70
64
545
532
519
507
495
483
471
460
449
438
428
417
407
397
388
379
370
361
352
344
335
327
319
312
304
297
290
283
276
269
263
257
251
245
239
233
227
222
217
211
206
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
1306
1165
1037
921
815
719
632
553
481
416
357
303
255
211
171
135
103
74
47
23
2
-17
-34
-49
-63
-75
-85
-95
-103
-110
-116
-122
-126
-130
-133
-136
-138
-140
-141
-142
-142
Cumulative
Energy
Saving
(J/m)
1306
2471
3508
4429
5244
5964
6596
7149
7630
8046
8403
8707
8962
9173
9344
9479
9582
9655
9703
9726
9728
9711
9677
9628
9566
9491
9405
9311
9208
9098
8981
8860
8733
8603
8470
8334
8196
8056
7916
7774
7632

Pipe
Page XXX
5/08/2004


Appendix D
Heat Loss Calculation Results Hot Water Storage, Expansion, 3A Outlets, Heat Trace
Page XXXI
5/08/2004

Cylinder
DHW only
HHW only
TOTAL
DHW plus HHW

Flue
Total Gas
Surface
Cylinder
Heat
Heating Heating Heating
Energy
Energy
Heat
Energy
Surface
Ambient
Insulation
Thermal
Flow
Period Period
Period
Loss per Loss per Loss per
Temperature Temperature Thickness L Conductivity Transfer
Rate (months/y (hours/ (seconds/y
annum
annum
annum
tv (C)
ta (C)
(mm)
k (W/mK) Coefficient
ear)
year)
ear)
(W/m2)
2
(MJ/m2)
(MJ/m2)
f (W/m K)
(MJ/m2)
60
15
40
0.04
8
40
12
8760 31536000
1261
20954
22215
80
15
40
0.04
8
58
3
2190 7884000
456
8204
8660
1717
29158
30875
80
15
40
0.04
8
58
12
8760 31536000
1822
32816
34638
Saving
105
3658
3763
Table 34
Cylinder
DHW only
HHW only
TOTAL
DHW plus HHW
Energy Saving Results: Space Heating & Domestic Hot Water Storage
Flue
Total Gas
Surface
Cylinder
Heat
Heating Heating Heating
Energy
Energy
Heat
Energy
Surface
Ambient
Insulation
Thermal
Flow
Period Period
Period
Loss per Loss per Loss per
Temperature Temperature Thickness L Conductivity Transfer
Rate (months/y (hours/ (seconds/y
annum
annum
annum
tv (C)
ta (C)
(mm)
k (W/mK) Coefficient
ear)
year)
ear)
(W/m2)
2
(MJ/m2)
(MJ/m2)
f (W/m K)
(MJ/m2)
60
15
40
0.04
8
40
12
8760 31536000
1261
20954
22215
82
15
40
0.04
8
60
12
8760 31536000
1878
8518
10396
3140
29471
32611
82
15
40
0.04
8
60
12
8760 31536000
1878
34070
35948
Saving
-1261
4599
3337
Table 35
Gas
Elec
Energy
Energy
Cost per Cost per
annum
annum
($/m2)
($/m2)
$88.86
$24.47
$34.64
$8.84
$123.50
$33.31
$138.55
$35.35
$15.05
$2.04
Gas
Elec
Energy
Energy
Cost per Cost per
annum
annum
($/m2)
($/m2)
$88.86
$24.47
$41.58
$36.44
$130.44
$60.91
$143.79
$36.44
$13.35
-$24.47
Energy Saving Results: High Temperature Storage & Domestic Hot Water Storage
Page XXXII
5/08/2004

T1
(C)
T2
(C)
15
15
15
15
70
70
70
70
1
(kg/m3)
2 (kg/m3)
999.2
999.2
999.2
999.2
977.7
977.7
977.7
977.7

1/2
1.022
1.022
1.022
1.022
2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
Storage
Volume
(m3)
0.250
0.315
0.630
2.520
V
(m3)
0.005
0.007
0.014
0.055
Table 36
Normal outlet
(litres per
minute)
shower
basin
laundry sink
kitchen sink
Total
18.0
7.2
13.2
13.2
51.6
3A outlet
(litres per
minute)
9.0
4.5
9.0
9.0
31.5
Heat
Stored
(MJ/m3)
227.2
227.2
227.2
227.2
Heat Lost
Potential Heat No.
Gas Energy
Elec
Gas
Elec
Gas
due to
Diversity of
Elec Energy
days
Lost due to
Cost due to
Energy
Energy
Cost
Cost
Occurrence expansion
Cost due to
expansion per per
expansion
Conversion Conversion
($/GJ) ($/GJ)
per year
Factor
expansion ($)
year
day (MJ)
($)
Efficiency Efficiency
(MJ)
1.2
365
0.2
91.2
4.00 19.40
$0.46
$1.77
80%
100%
1.6
365
0.2
114.9
4.00 19.40
$0.57
$2.23
3.1
365
0.2
229.8
4.00 19.40
$1.15
$4.46
12.6
365
0.2
919.1
4.00 19.40
$4.60
$17.83
Energy Saving Results: Expansion
Water
Energy Saving
HW
Hot Water
Saving Hot Water
per Fitting per
Energy
Saving
(%)
(litres per
Occupancy Unit
(MJ/m3)
(m3/s)
minute)
(kJ/s)
9.0
2.7
4.2
4.2
20.1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.000075
0.000023
0.000035
0.000035
187
187
187
187
Usage per
Person per
Day (min)
14.0
4.2
6.5
6.5
31.3
5.0
3.0
1.0
5.0
14.0
Usage per Usage per Usage per

Occupancy Occupancy Occupancy
Unit per Day Unit per
Unit per
(min)
Day (h)
Annum (h)
10.0
6.0
2.0
10.0
28.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.5
60.8
36.5
12.2
60.8
170.3
Energy Saving
Gas Energy
Elec Energy
Usage per
per Fitting per Cost Savings
Cost Savings
Occupancy
Occupancy
per Occupancy per Occupancy
Unit per
Unit per Annum Unit per Annum Unit per Annum
Annum (s)
(MJ)
($)
($)
219000
3065
$15
$59
131400
552
$3
$11
43800
286
$1
$6
219000
1430
$7
$28
613200
5333
$27
$103
281 litres/day
Table 37
Energy Saving Results: 3A Water Efficient Outlets
Page XXXIII
5/08/2004


Supply Costs
Unit
Heat Trace
Electrical Supply Circuit
Heat Trace Total
Pump
Electrical Supply Circuit
Return Pipework
Insulation of return pipe
Pump Total
Unit Rate
Qty
m
%
$30
30%
50
$1,500
no.
%
m
m
$800
30%
$20
$10
1
$200
50
50
Running Costs
Supply
Cost
$1,500
$450
$1,950
$200
$60
$1,000
$500
$1,760
Heat
Lost
(J/m)
Heat Loss
Rate (W/m)
8.3
Hours Run
Total Annual
Total Annual Total Annual
per Annum
Running Cost
Energy (kWh) Energy (MJ)
(h)
($)
0.415
6570
2726.6
9816
$190.42
kW
0.100
6570
7,880
657.0
2365
0.79
$45.88
20mm Ins Cu
Table 38
Energy Saving Results: Heat Trace DHW Pipe vs Recirculating Pump
Page XXXIV
5/08/2004


Appendix E
Net Present Value Results
Page XXXV
5/08/2004


NPV and Payback Analysis

Gas
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
32mm
$36
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Total Discounted Savings
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.61
0.63
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.96
0.98
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.08
1.11
1.14
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.26
1.29
0.46
0.44
0.42
0.40
0.39
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
-$27
0.46
0.90
1.32
1.72
2.11
2.48
2.84
3.18
3.50
3.81
4.11
4.40
4.67
4.94
5.19
5.43
5.66
5.88
6.09
6.30
6.49
6.68
6.85
7.03
7.19
7.35
7.50
7.64
7.78
7.91
8.04
8.16
8.27
8.39
8.49
8.59
8.69
8.79
8.87
8.96
Table 39
8.96
NPV Results: Insulated vs Un-insulated 32mm Copper Pipe, Class 2, 4 (Gas

Heating)
Page XXXVI
5/08/2004



Gas
Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
32mm
$36
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.96
0.98
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.08
1.11
1.14
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.26
1.29
1.32
1.35
1.39
1.42
1.46
1.49
1.53
1.57
1.61
1.65
1.69
1.73
1.78
1.82
1.87
1.91
1.96
2.01
2.06
2.11
2.16
2.22
2.27
2.33
2.39
2.45
2.51
0.90
0.86
0.82
0.79
0.75
0.72
0.69
0.66
0.63
0.61
0.58
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.38
0.36
0.35
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
-$19
0.90
1.75
2.57
3.36
4.11
4.84
5.53
6.19
6.83
7.43
8.02
8.57
9.11
9.62
10.11
10.58
11.03
11.46
11.87
12.27
12.65
13.01
13.36
13.69
14.01
14.32
14.61
14.89
15.16
15.42
15.66
15.90
16.13
16.34
16.55
16.75
16.94
17.12
17.30
17.47
Table 40
17.47
NPV Results: Insulated vs Un-insulated 32mm Copper Pipe, Class 3 (Gas

Heating)
Page XXXVII
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 41
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
32mm
Elec
$36
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
1.91
1.96
2.01
2.06
2.11
2.16
2.22
2.27
2.33
2.39
2.45
2.51
2.57
2.63
2.70
2.77
2.84
2.91
2.98
3.05
3.13
3.21
3.29
3.37
3.46
3.54
3.63
3.72
3.81
3.91
4.01
4.11
4.21
4.32
4.42
4.53
4.65
4.76
4.88
5.01
1.79
1.71
1.64
1.57
1.50
1.44
1.38
1.32
1.27
1.21
1.16
1.11
1.07
1.02
0.98
0.94
0.90
0.86
0.82
0.79
0.76
0.72
0.69
0.66
0.64
0.61
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.38
0.36
0.35
0.33
-$1
1.79
3.50
5.14
6.70
8.21
9.65
11.03
12.35
13.62
14.83
15.99
17.11
18.17
19.19
20.17
21.11
22.01
22.87
23.69
24.48
25.24
25.96
26.66
27.32
27.96
28.57
29.15
29.71
30.25
30.76
31.25
31.72
32.18
32.61
33.02
33.42
33.80
34.16
34.51
34.85
34.85
NPV Results: Insulated vs Un-insulated 32mm Copper Pipe, Class 2, 4

(Electric Heating)
Page XXXVIII
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
32mm
Elec
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 42
$36
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
3.72
3.82
3.91
4.01
4.11
4.21
4.32
4.43
4.54
4.65
4.77
4.89
5.01
5.13
5.26
5.39
5.53
5.67
5.81
5.95
6.10
6.26
6.41
6.57
6.74
6.90
7.08
7.25
7.44
7.62
7.81
8.01
8.21
8.41
8.62
8.84
9.06
9.29
9.52
9.76
3.48
3.33
3.19
3.06
2.93
2.81
2.69
2.58
2.47
2.36
2.26
2.17
2.08
1.99
1.91
1.83
1.75
1.68
1.61
1.54
1.47
1.41
1.35
1.30
1.24
1.19
1.14
1.09
1.05
1.00
0.96
0.92
0.88
0.84
0.81
0.77
0.74
0.71
0.68
0.65
$32
3.48
6.81
10.01
13.07
16.00
18.81
21.50
24.07
26.54
28.91
31.17
33.34
35.42
37.41
39.32
41.15
42.90
44.57
46.18
47.72
49.19
50.60
51.96
53.25
54.49
55.68
56.82
57.91
58.96
59.96
60.92
61.84
62.72
63.56
64.37
65.14
65.88
66.59
67.27
67.92
67.92
NPV Results: Insulated vs Un-insulated 32mm Copper Pipe, Class 3

(Electric Heating)
Page XXXIX
5/08/2004



Gas
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
25mm
$34
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.59
0.60
0.62
0.63
0.65
0.67
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.26
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
-$29
0.26
0.50
0.74
0.96
1.18
1.38
1.58
1.77
1.95
2.13
2.29
2.45
2.60
2.75
2.89
3.03
3.15
3.28
3.40
3.51
3.62
3.72
3.82
3.92
4.01
4.09
4.18
4.26
4.34
4.41
4.48
4.55
4.61
4.67
4.73
4.79
4.84
4.90
4.95
4.99
Table 43
4.99

Heating)
Page XL
5/08/2004



Gas
Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
25mm
$34
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.58
0.60
0.61
0.63
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.03
1.06
1.08
1.11
1.14
1.16
1.19
1.22
1.25
1.29
1.32
1.35
1.38
1.42
1.45
1.49
1.53
0.55
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.42
0.40
0.39
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
-$23
0.55
1.07
1.57
2.05
2.51
2.95
3.37
3.77
4.16
4.53
4.88
5.22
5.55
5.86
6.16
6.45
6.72
6.98
7.23
7.48
7.71
7.93
8.14
8.34
8.54
8.72
8.90
9.07
9.24
9.39
9.54
9.69
9.83
9.96
10.08
10.21
10.32
10.43
10.54
10.64
Table 44
10.64

Heating)
Page XLI
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 45
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
20mm
Elec
$10
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.62
0.64
0.65
0.67
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.95
0.97
0.99
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.10
0.39
0.38
0.36
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
-$2
0.39
0.77
1.13
1.47
1.80
2.12
2.42
2.71
2.99
3.25
3.51
3.75
3.99
4.21
4.42
4.63
4.83
5.01
5.20
5.37
5.53
5.69
5.85
5.99
6.13
6.26
6.39
6.52
6.63
6.75
6.85
6.96
7.06
7.15
7.24
7.33
7.41
7.49
7.57
7.64
7.64

(Electric Heating)
Page XLII
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
25mm
Elec
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 46
$34
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
2.26
2.32
2.38
2.44
2.50
2.56
2.63
2.69
2.76
2.83
2.90
2.97
3.04
3.12
3.20
3.28
3.36
3.44
3.53
3.62
3.71
3.80
3.90
3.99
4.09
4.20
4.30
4.41
4.52
4.63
4.75
4.87
4.99
5.11
5.24
5.37
5.51
5.64
5.79
5.93
2.12
2.03
1.94
1.86
1.78
1.71
1.63
1.57
1.50
1.44
1.38
1.32
1.26
1.21
1.16
1.11
1.06
1.02
0.98
0.94
0.90
0.86
0.82
0.79
0.75
0.72
0.69
0.66
0.64
0.61
0.58
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40
$7
2.12
4.14
6.08
7.94
9.73
11.43
13.07
14.63
16.13
17.57
18.95
20.27
21.53
22.74
23.90
25.01
26.07
27.09
28.07
29.01
29.90
30.76
31.58
32.37
33.12
33.85
34.54
35.20
35.84
36.45
37.03
37.59
38.12
38.63
39.13
39.60
40.05
40.48
40.89
41.29
41.29

(Electric Heating)
Page XLIII
5/08/2004



Gas
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
20mm
$10
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
-$8
0.10
0.20
0.29
0.38
0.46
0.55
0.62
0.70
0.77
0.84
0.90
0.97
1.03
1.08
1.14
1.19
1.24
1.29
1.34
1.38
1.43
1.47
1.51
1.54
1.58
1.61
1.65
1.68
1.71
1.74
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.84
1.87
1.89
1.91
1.93
1.95
1.97
Table 47
1.97

Heating)
Page XLIV
5/08/2004



Gas
Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
20mm
$10
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.56
0.57
0.59
0.60
0.62
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
-$6
0.22
0.43
0.63
0.83
1.01
1.19
1.36
1.52
1.68
1.83
1.97
2.11
2.24
2.36
2.48
2.60
2.71
2.82
2.92
3.02
3.11
3.20
3.28
3.37
3.44
3.52
3.59
3.66
3.73
3.79
3.85
3.91
3.96
4.02
4.07
4.12
4.16
4.21
4.25
4.29
Table 48
4.29

Heating)
Page XLV
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 49
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
20mm
Elec
$10
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.62
0.64
0.65
0.67
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.95
0.97
0.99
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.10
0.39
0.38
0.36
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
-$2
0.39
0.77
1.13
1.47
1.80
2.12
2.42
2.71
2.99
3.25
3.51
3.75
3.99
4.21
4.42
4.63
4.83
5.01
5.20
5.37
5.53
5.69
5.85
5.99
6.13
6.26
6.39
6.52
6.63
6.75
6.85
6.96
7.06
7.15
7.24
7.33
7.41
7.49
7.57
7.64
7.64

(Electric Heating)
Page XLVI
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
20mm
Elec
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 50
$10
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.91
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.09
1.11
1.14
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.26
1.29
1.32
1.36
1.39
1.42
1.46
1.50
1.53
1.57
1.61
1.65
1.69
1.74
1.78
1.82
1.87
1.92
1.96
2.01
2.06
2.11
2.17
2.22
2.28
2.33
2.39
0.85
0.82
0.78
0.75
0.72
0.69
0.66
0.63
0.61
0.58
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.39
0.38
0.36
0.35
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
$7
0.85
1.67
2.45
3.20
3.92
4.61
5.27
5.90
6.51
7.09
7.64
8.18
8.68
9.17
9.64
10.09
10.52
10.93
11.32
11.70
12.06
12.41
12.74
13.06
13.36
13.65
13.93
14.20
14.46
14.70
14.94
15.16
15.38
15.58
15.78
15.97
16.15
16.33
16.49
16.65
16.65

(Electric Heating)
Page XLVII
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 51
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
18mm
Gas
$9
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
-$8
0.07
0.14
0.21
0.28
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.51
0.56
0.61
0.66
0.71
0.75
0.79
0.83
0.87
0.91
0.94
0.98
1.01
1.04
1.07
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.20
1.23
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.31
1.33
1.35
1.36
1.38
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.44
1.44

Heating)
Page XLVIII
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 52
Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
18mm
Gas
$9
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
-$6
0.14
0.28
0.42
0.54
0.67
0.78
0.89
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.39
1.47
1.56
1.63
1.71
1.78
1.85
1.92
1.98
2.04
2.10
2.16
2.21
2.27
2.31
2.36
2.41
2.45
2.49
2.53
2.57
2.61
2.64
2.68
2.71
2.74
2.77
2.80
2.82
2.82

Heating)
Page XLIX
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 53
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
18mm
Elec
$9
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.61
0.63
0.64
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
-$3
0.29
0.56
0.82
1.07
1.31
1.55
1.77
1.98
2.18
2.38
2.56
2.74
2.91
3.07
3.23
3.38
3.53
3.66
3.80
3.92
4.04
4.16
4.27
4.38
4.48
4.58
4.67
4.76
4.85
4.93
5.01
5.08
5.15
5.22
5.29
5.35
5.41
5.47
5.53
5.58
5.58

(Electric Heating)
Page L
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
18mm
Elec
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 54
$9
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.60
0.62
0.63
0.65
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.09
1.11
1.14
1.17
1.20
1.23
1.26
1.29
1.32
1.36
1.39
1.43
1.46
1.50
1.54
1.57
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.42
0.40
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.32
0.31
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.11
$2
0.56
1.10
1.61
2.11
2.58
3.03
3.47
3.88
4.28
4.66
5.03
5.38
5.71
6.03
6.34
6.64
6.92
7.19
7.45
7.70
7.93
8.16
8.38
8.59
8.79
8.98
9.16
9.34
9.51
9.67
9.83
9.97
10.12
10.25
10.38
10.51
10.63
10.74
10.85
10.96
10.96

(Electric Heating)
Page LI
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 55
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
15mm
Gas
$8
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-$7
0.05
0.11
0.16
0.20
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.58
0.61
0.64
0.67
0.69
0.72
0.74
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.90
0.92
0.93
0.95
0.96
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.06

Heating)
Page LII
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 56
Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
15mm
Gas
$8
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
-$6
0.09
0.18
0.26
0.34
0.42
0.49
0.56
0.63
0.69
0.75
0.81
0.87
0.92
0.97
1.02
1.07
1.12
1.16
1.20
1.24
1.28
1.32
1.35
1.39
1.42
1.45
1.48
1.51
1.53
1.56
1.59
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.67
1.70
1.71
1.73
1.75
1.77
1.77

Heating)
Page LIII
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 57
Investment
($/m)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
15mm
Elec
$8
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
-$4
0.21
0.41
0.61
0.79
0.97
1.14
1.30
1.46
1.61
1.75
1.88
2.02
2.14
2.26
2.38
2.49
2.59
2.70
2.79
2.89
2.97
3.06
3.14
3.22
3.30
3.37
3.44
3.50
3.57
3.63
3.68
3.74
3.79
3.84
3.89
3.94
3.98
4.03
4.07
4.11
4.11

(Electric Heating)
Page LIV
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
15mm
Elec
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
Table 58
$8
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/m.a)
PVNAS
($/m.a)
NPV
($/m)
Discounted
PB ($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.56
0.57
0.59
0.60
0.62
0.63
0.65
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.91
0.94
0.96
0.99
0.35
0.34
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
-$1
0.35
0.69
1.01
1.32
1.62
1.90
2.17
2.43
2.68
2.92
3.15
3.37
3.58
3.78
3.97
4.15
4.33
4.50
4.66
4.82
4.97
5.11
5.25
5.38
5.50
5.62
5.74
5.85
5.95
6.05
6.15
6.24
6.33
6.42
6.50
6.58
6.65
6.72
6.79
6.86
6.86

(Electric Heating)
Page LV
5/08/2004



Investment
($/valve)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
32mm
Gas
Valves
$12
Discounted
PB
($/valve)
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/valve.a)
PVNAS
($/valve.a)
NPV
($/valve)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
-$9
Table 59
0.14
0.27
0.40
0.52
0.63
0.74
0.85
0.95
1.05
1.14
1.23
1.32
1.40
1.48
1.56
1.63
1.70
1.76
1.83
1.89
1.95
2.00
2.06
2.11
2.16
2.20
2.25
2.29
2.33
2.37
2.41
2.45
2.48
2.52
2.55
2.58
2.61
2.64
2.66
2.69
2.69
NPV Results: Insulated vs Un-insulated 32mm Valves, Class 2, 4
Page LVI
5/08/2004



Investment
($/valve)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
32mm
Gas
Valves
$12
Discounted
PB
($/valve)
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/valve.a)
PVNAS
($/valve.a)
NPV
($/valve)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.61
0.63
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
-$8
Table 60
0.22
0.44
0.64
0.84
1.03
1.21
1.38
1.55
1.71
1.86
2.00
2.14
2.28
2.40
2.53
2.65
2.76
2.87
2.97
3.07
3.16
3.25
3.34
3.42
3.50
3.58
3.65
3.72
3.79
3.85
3.92
3.98
4.03
4.09
4.14
4.19
4.24
4.28
4.32
4.37
4.37
NPV Results: Insulated vs Un-insulated 32mm Valves, Class 3
Page LVII
5/08/2004



Investment
($/valve)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
25mm
Gas
Valves
$10
Discounted
PB
($/valve)
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/valve.a)
PVNAS
($/valve.a)
NPV
($/valve)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-$9
Table 61
0.07
0.14
0.20
0.26
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.48
0.53
0.57
0.62
0.66
0.70
0.74
0.78
0.82
0.85
0.88
0.92
0.95
0.98
1.00
1.03
1.06
1.08
1.11
1.13
1.15
1.17
1.19
1.21
1.23
1.25
1.26
1.28
1.29
1.31
1.32
1.34
1.35
1.35
Page LVIII
5/08/2004



Investment
($/valve)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
25mm
Gas
Valves
$10
Discounted
PB
($/valve)
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/valve.a)
PVNAS
($/valve.a)
NPV
($/valve)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
-$7
Table 62
0.15
0.29
0.42
0.55
0.68
0.80
0.91
1.02
1.12
1.22
1.32
1.41
1.50
1.58
1.66
1.74
1.81
1.89
1.95
2.02
2.08
2.14
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.36
2.40
2.45
2.49
2.54
2.58
2.62
2.65
2.69
2.72
2.76
2.79
2.82
2.85
2.87
2.87
Page LIX
5/08/2004



Investment
($/valve)
Class 2, 4
Nominal Bore =
20mm
Gas
Valves
$3
Discounted
PB
($/valve)
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/valve.a)
PVNAS
($/valve.a)
NPV
($/valve)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
-$2
Table 63
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
Page LX
5/08/2004



Investment
($/valve)
Class 3
Nominal Bore =
20mm
Gas
Valves
$3
Discounted
PB
($/valve)
Year
PVF
Net Annual Energy

Savings Inflated
($/valve.a)
PVNAS
($/valve.a)
NPV
($/valve)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
($/m)
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-$2
Table 64
0.05
0.11
0.16
0.21
0.25
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.53
0.56
0.59
0.62
0.65
0.68
0.70
0.73
0.75
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.91
0.93
0.95
0.96
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.07
Page LXI
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m2)
$699
Gas
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 65
PVF
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated
($/m2.a)
15.43
15.81
16.21
16.62
17.03
17.46
17.89
18.34
18.80
19.27
19.75
20.24
20.75
21.27
21.80
22.35
22.90
23.48
24.06
24.67
25.28
25.91
26.56
27.23
27.91
PVNAS
($/m2.a)
NPV
($/m2)
Discounted
PB ($/m2)
14.42
13.81
13.23
12.68
12.14
11.63
11.14
10.67
10.23
9.80
9.38
8.99
8.61
8.25
7.90
7.57
7.25
6.95
6.65
6.37
6.11
5.85
5.60
5.37
5.14
-$473
14.42
28.23
41.47
54.14
66.28
77.92
89.06
99.73
109.96
119.75
129.14
138.13
146.74
154.99
162.89
170.46
177.71
184.65
191.31
197.68
203.79
209.64
215.24
220.61
225.75
225.75
NPV Results: Space Heating & Domestic Hot Water Storage (Gas Heating)
Page LXII
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m2)
$600
Elec
Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 66
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated
($/m2.a)
2.09
2.14
2.20
2.25
2.31
2.36
2.42
2.48
2.55
2.61
2.68
2.74
2.81
2.88
2.95
3.03
3.10
3.18
3.26
3.34
3.43
3.51
3.60
3.69
3.78
PVNAS
($/m2.a)
NPV
($/m2)
Discounted
PB ($/m2)
1.95
1.87
1.79
1.72
1.65
1.58
1.51
1.45
1.39
1.33
1.27
1.22
1.17
1.12
1.07
1.03
0.98
0.94
0.90
0.86
0.83
0.79
0.76
0.73
0.70
-$569
1.95
3.82
5.62
7.33
8.98
10.56
12.07
13.51
14.90
16.22
17.50
18.71
19.88
21.00
22.07
23.09
24.08
25.02
25.92
26.78
27.61
28.40
29.16
29.89
30.58
30.58
NPV Results: Space Heating & Domestic Hot Water Storage (Electric
Heating)
Page LXIII
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m2)
$699
Gas
Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 67
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated
($/m2.a)
13.68
14.02
14.38
14.73
15.10
15.48
15.87
16.26
16.67
17.09
17.52
17.95
18.40
18.86
19.33
19.82
20.31
20.82
21.34
21.87
22.42
22.98
23.56
24.14
24.75
PVNAS
($/m2.a)
NPV
($/m2)
Discounted
PB ($/m2)
12.79
12.25
11.73
11.24
10.77
10.32
9.88
9.47
9.07
8.69
8.32
7.97
7.64
7.31
7.01
6.71
6.43
6.16
5.90
5.65
5.41
5.19
4.97
4.76
4.56
-$499
12.79
25.04
36.77
48.01
58.78
69.10
78.98
88.45
97.51
106.20
114.52
122.49
130.13
137.44
144.45
151.16
157.59
163.75
169.65
175.31
180.72
185.91
190.88
195.64
200.20
200.20
NPV Results: High Temperature Storage & Domestic Hot Water Storage
(Gas Heating)
Page LXIV
5/08/2004



Investment
($/m2)
$600
Elec
Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 68
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated
($/m2.a)
-25.08
-25.71
-26.35
-27.01
-27.69
-28.38
-29.09
-29.82
-30.56
-31.33
-32.11
-32.91
-33.73
-34.58
-35.44
-36.33
-37.24
-38.17
-39.12
-40.10
-41.10
-42.13
-43.18
-44.26
-45.37
PVNAS
($/m2.a)
NPV
($/m2)
Discounted
PB ($/m2)
-23.44
-22.46
-21.51
-20.61
-19.74
-18.91
-18.12
-17.35
-16.62
-15.92
-15.25
-14.61
-14.00
-13.41
-12.85
-12.31
-11.79
-11.29
-10.82
-10.36
-9.93
-9.51
-9.11
-8.73
-8.36
-$967
-23.44
-45.90
-67.41
-88.02
-107.76
-126.67
-144.79
-162.14
-178.76
-194.69
-209.94
-224.56
-238.56
-251.97
-264.81
-277.12
-288.91
-300.20
-311.02
-321.38
-331.31
-340.81
-349.92
-358.65
-367.01
-367.01
NPV Results: High Temperature Storage & Domestic Hot Water Storage
(Electric Heating)
Page LXV
5/08/2004


Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 69
Investment
($)
$100
250 litre
Gas
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.61
0.63
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.69
0.71
0.73
0.75
0.77
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.85
PVNAS
($)
0.44
0.42
0.40
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
NPV ($)
-$93
Discounted
PB ($)
0.44
0.86
1.26
1.64
2.01
2.36
2.70
3.02
3.33
3.63
3.91
4.18
4.44
4.69
4.93
5.16
5.38
5.59
5.79
5.99
6.17
6.35
6.52
6.68
6.84
6.84
NPV Results: Single 250 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Gas Heating)
Page LXVI
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 70
Investment
($)
$100
250 litre
Elec
PVF
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
1.81
1.86
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.16
2.21
2.26
2.32
2.38
2.44
2.50
2.56
2.63
2.69
2.76
2.83
2.90
2.97
3.05
3.12
3.20
3.28
PVNAS
($)
1.69
1.62
1.55
1.49
1.43
1.37
1.31
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.06
1.01
0.97
0.93
0.89
0.85
0.82
0.78
0.75
0.72
0.69
0.66
0.63
0.60
NPV ($)
-$73
Discounted
PB ($)
1.69
3.32
4.87
6.36
7.79
9.16
10.47
11.72
12.92
14.07
15.18
16.23
17.24
18.21
19.14
20.03
20.88
21.70
22.48
23.23
23.95
24.63
25.29
25.92
26.53
26.53
NPV Results: Single 250 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Electric Heating)
Page LXVII
5/08/2004


Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 71
Investment
($)
$100
315 litre
Gas
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
0.59
0.60
0.62
0.63
0.65
0.67
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.75
0.77
0.79
0.81
0.83
0.85
0.87
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.99
1.01
1.04
1.06
PVNAS
($)
0.55
0.53
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.43
0.41
0.39
0.37
0.36
0.34
0.33
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.20
NPV ($)
-$91
Discounted
PB ($)
0.55
1.08
1.58
2.07
2.53
2.97
3.40
3.81
4.20
4.57
4.93
5.27
5.60
5.91
6.22
6.50
6.78
7.05
7.30
7.54
7.78
8.00
8.21
8.42
8.61
8.61
NPV Results: Single 315 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Gas Heating)
Page LXVIII
5/08/2004


Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 72
Investment
($)
$100
315 litre
Elec
PVF
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
2.28
2.34
2.40
2.46
2.52
2.58
2.65
2.72
2.78
2.85
2.92
3.00
3.07
3.15
3.23
3.31
3.39
3.48
3.56
3.65
3.74
3.84
3.93
4.03
4.13
PVNAS
($)
2.14
2.05
1.96
1.88
1.80
1.72
1.65
1.58
1.51
1.45
1.39
1.33
1.27
1.22
1.17
1.12
1.07
1.03
0.99
0.94
0.90
0.87
0.83
0.79
0.76
NPV ($)
-$67
Discounted
PB ($)
2.14
4.18
6.14
8.02
9.81
11.54
13.19
14.77
16.28
17.73
19.12
20.45
21.73
22.95
24.12
25.24
26.31
27.34
28.33
29.27
30.17
31.04
31.87
32.66
33.43
33.43
NPV Results: Single 315 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Electric Heating)
Page LXIX
5/08/2004



Investment
Bank 2
Cylinders
Gas
Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 73
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
1.18
1.21
1.24
1.27
1.30
1.33
1.37
1.40
1.43
1.47
1.51
1.55
1.58
1.62
1.66
1.71
1.75
1.79
1.84
1.88
1.93
1.98
2.03
2.08
2.13
630
PVNAS
($)
1.10
1.05
1.01
0.97
0.93
0.89
0.85
0.81
0.78
0.75
0.72
0.69
0.66
0.63
0.60
0.58
0.55
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.39
litres
NPV ($)
-$583
($)
$600
Discounted
PB ($)
1.10
2.15
3.16
4.13
5.06
5.95
6.80
7.61
8.39
9.14
9.86
10.54
11.20
11.83
12.43
13.01
13.56
14.09
14.60
15.09
15.55
16.00
16.43
16.84
17.23
17.23
NPV Results: Bank of Two, 315 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Gas
Heating)
Page LXX
5/08/2004



Investment
Bank 2
Cylinders
Elec
Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 74
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
4.57
4.68
4.80
4.92
5.04
5.17
5.30
5.43
5.57
5.71
5.85
5.99
6.14
6.30
6.46
6.62
6.78
6.95
7.13
7.30
7.49
7.67
7.87
8.06
8.26
630
PVNAS
($)
4.27
4.09
3.92
3.75
3.60
3.44
3.30
3.16
3.03
2.90
2.78
2.66
2.55
2.44
2.34
2.24
2.15
2.06
1.97
1.89
1.81
1.73
1.66
1.59
1.52
litres
NPV ($)
-$533
($)
$600
Discounted
PB ($)
4.27
8.36
12.28
16.03
19.63
23.07
26.37
29.53
32.56
35.46
38.24
40.90
43.45
45.90
48.24
50.48
52.62
54.68
56.65
58.54
60.35
62.08
63.74
65.33
66.85
66.85
NPV Results: Bank of Two, 315 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Electric
Heating)
Page LXXI
5/08/2004



Investment
Bank 8
Cylinders
Gas
Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 75
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
4.71
4.83
4.95
5.07
5.20
5.33
5.46
5.60
5.74
5.88
6.03
6.18
6.33
6.49
6.66
6.82
6.99
7.17
7.35
7.53
7.72
7.91
8.11
8.31
8.52
2520
PVNAS
($)
4.40
4.22
4.04
3.87
3.71
3.55
3.40
3.26
3.12
2.99
2.86
2.74
2.63
2.52
2.41
2.31
2.21
2.12
2.03
1.95
1.86
1.79
1.71
1.64
1.57
litres
NPV ($)
-$1,131
($)
$1,200
Discounted
PB ($)
4.40
8.62
12.66
16.53
20.24
23.79
27.19
30.45
33.57
36.56
39.42
42.17
44.80
47.32
49.73
52.04
54.25
56.37
58.40
60.35
62.21
64.00
65.71
67.35
68.92
68.92
NPV Results: Bank of Eight, 315 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Gas
Heating)
Page LXXII
5/08/2004



Investment
Bank 8
Cylinders
Elec
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 76
PVF
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
18.28
18.73
19.20
19.68
20.17
20.68
21.19
21.72
22.27
22.82
23.39
23.98
24.58
25.19
25.82
26.47
27.13
27.81
28.50
29.22
29.95
30.70
31.46
32.25
33.06
2520
PVNAS
($)
17.08
16.36
15.67
15.01
14.38
13.78
13.20
12.64
12.11
11.60
11.11
10.65
10.20
9.77
9.36
8.97
8.59
8.23
7.88
7.55
7.23
6.93
6.64
6.36
6.09
litres
NPV ($)
-$933
($)
$1,200
Discounted
PB ($)
17.08
33.44
49.12
64.13
78.51
92.29
105.49
118.14
130.25
141.85
152.97
163.61
173.81
183.58
192.94
201.91
210.50
218.72
226.61
234.16
241.39
248.32
254.95
261.31
267.40
267.40
NPV Results: Bank of Eight, 315 litre Storage Heater Expansion (Electric
Heating)
Page LXXIII
5/08/2004



Investment
($)
$16
Gas
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 77
PVF
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
27.33
28.01
28.71
29.43
30.17
30.92
31.69
32.49
33.30
34.13
34.98
35.86
36.76
37.67
38.62
39.58
40.57
41.59
42.62
43.69
44.78
45.90
47.05
48.23
49.43
PVNAS
($)
25.54
24.47
23.44
22.45
21.51
20.60
19.74
18.91
18.11
17.35
16.62
15.92
15.25
14.61
14.00
13.41
12.84
12.30
11.79
11.29
10.82
10.36
9.93
9.51
9.11
NPV ($)
$384
Discounted
PB ($)
25.54
50.01
73.45
95.90
117.41
138.01
157.75
176.66
194.77
212.12
228.74
244.66
259.91
274.53
288.52
301.93
314.77
327.08
338.86
350.15
360.97
371.33
381.25
390.76
399.87
399.87
NPV Results: 3A Water Efficient Outlets (Gas Heating)
Page LXXIV
5/08/2004



Investment
($)
$16
Elec
Year
PVF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
($/m)
Table 78
0.93
0.87
0.82
0.76
0.71
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.44
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
Net Annual
Energy
Savings
Inflated ($)
106.04
108.69
111.41
114.19
117.05
119.97
122.97
126.05
129.20
132.43
135.74
139.13
142.61
146.18
149.83
153.58
157.42
161.35
165.38
169.52
173.76
178.10
182.55
187.12
191.79
PVNAS
($)
99.10
94.93
90.94
87.12
83.45
79.94
76.58
73.36
70.28
67.32
64.49
61.78
59.18
56.69
54.31
52.02
49.83
47.74
45.73
43.81
41.96
40.20
38.51
36.89
35.34
NPV ($)
$1,535
Discounted
PB ($)
99.10
194.04
284.98
372.09
455.55
535.49
612.07
685.43
755.71
823.02
887.51
949.29
1008.47
1065.16
1119.46
1171.48
1221.32
1269.06
1314.79
1358.59
1400.56
1440.76
1479.27
1516.15
1551.49
1551.49
NPV Results: 3A Water Efficient Outlets (Electric Heating)
Page LXXV
5/08/2004


Option
ITEM
Design
Years = n
Full Life
Cost
Heat Trace
Option 2
Annual Charge Present Value

Factor
(1)
Equiv. Annual
Charge
Full Life
Cost
Pump
Annual Charge
Factor
Present Value
(1)
Equiv. Annual
Charge
CAPITAL COSTS
25
Supply Cost
$1,950
0.085811
$167
SUB TOTAL
0.085811
Cost/a
25
$151
Cost/a
$190
0.085811
14.233482
SUB TOTAL
$233
$46
0.085811
14.233482
$233
Cost/a
MAINTENANCE AND REPLACMENT COSTS
$56
$56
Cost/a
1.000000
Labour
$151
$167
RUNNING COSTS
Electrcity
$1,760
1.000000
25
0.085811
14.233482
0.085811
14.233482
25
0.085811
0.184249
1.000000
1.000000
0.085811
0.184249
1.000000
1.000000
SUB TOTAL
SALVAGE VALUE
Scrap Value
SUB TOTAL
TOTAL ANNUAL CHARGES
$400
ASSUMPTIONS
Table 79
$207
NOTES
Escalation = e
2.0%
Inflation = s
2.5%
Discount Rate = r
7.0%
(1) Present Value (Escalating Annuity) for Running Costs and Maintenance. Present Value (Single Sum) for Salvage Value and Replacement Costs.
Total Annual Charges Comparison: Heat Trace DHW Pipe vs Recirculating Pump
Page LXXVI
5/08/2004

Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures BCA Volume One Part J4 Services

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures BCA Volume One Part J4 Services

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Assessment of

Energy Efficiency Measures

Australian Building Codes Board

Australian Building Codes Board

Clause J4.6 Hot Water Supply