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that no disease was found at the edges of the biopsy specimen. Positive margins means that disease was found,
and a wider excision may be needed, depending on the
diagnosis.
Etymology
When intact removal is not indicated for a variety of reasons, a wedge of tissue may be taken in an incisional
French dermatologist Ernest Besnier introduced the word biopsy. In some cases, a sample can be collected by debiopsie to the medical community in 1879.[2]
vices that bite a sample. A variety of sizes of needle
can collect tissue in the lumen (core biopsy). Smaller diameter needles collect cells and cell clusters, ne needle
aspiration biopsy.[4]
2 History
Pathologic examination of a biopsy can determine
whether a lesion is benign or malignant, and can help differentiate between dierent types of cancer. In contrast
to a biopsy that merely samples a lesion, a larger excisional specimen called a resection may come to a pathologist, typically from a surgeon attempting to eradicate
a known lesion from a patient. For example, a pathol3 Conditions identied with biop- ogist would examine a mastectomy specimen, even if a
previous nonexcisional breast biopsy had already estabsies
lished the diagnosis of breast cancer. Examination of the
full mastectomy specimen would conrm the exact nature
of the cancer (subclassication of tumor and histologic
3.1 Cancer
grading) and reveal the extent of its spread (pathologic
When cancer is suspected, a variety of biopsy techniques staging).
can be applied. An excisional biopsy is an attempt to remove an entire lesion. When the specimen is evaluated,
in addition to diagnosis, the amount of uninvolved tissue 3.2 Cancer liquid biopsy
around the lesion, the surgical margin of the specimen is
examined to see if the disease has spread beyond the area Cancer is a heterogeneous genetic disease, and excisional
biopsied. Clear margins or negative margins means biopsies provide only a snapshot in time of some of the
One of the earliest diagnostic biopsies was developed by
the Arab physician Abulcasis (10131107). A needle was
used to puncture a goiter, and the material issuing was
characterized.[3]
3.3
Precancerous conditions
For easily detected and accessed sites, any suspicious lesions may be assessed. Originally, this was skin or supercial masses. X-ray, then later CT, MRI, and ultrasound
along with endoscopy extended the range.
3.4
Inammatory conditions
REFERENCES
4 Biopsied sites
5 Analysis of biopsied material
After the biopsy is performed, the sample of tissue that
was removed from the patient is sent to the pathology
laboratory. A pathologist is a physician who specializes in
diagnosing diseases (such as cancer) by examining tissue
under a microscope. When the laboratory (see Histology)
receives the biopsy sample, the tissue is processed and an
extremely thin slice of tissue is removed from the sample and attached to a glass slide. Any remaining tissue is
saved for use in later studies, if required. The slide with
the tissue attached is treated with dyes that stain the tissue,
which allows the individual cells in the tissue to be seen
more clearly. The slide is then given to the pathologist,
who examines the tissue under a microscope, looking for
any abnormal ndings. The pathologist then prepares a
report that lists any abnormal or important ndings from
the biopsy. This report is sent to the physician who originally performed the biopsy on the patient.
6 See also
Interventional radiology
7 References
[1] biopsy. Online Etymology Dictionary.
[2] Zerbino DD (1994). Biopsy: Its history, current and future outlook. Likarska sprava / Ministerstvo okhorony
zdorov'ia Ukrainy (34): 19. PMID 7975522.
[3] Anderson JB, Webb AJ (1987). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
The British journal of surgery 74 (4): 292296.
doi:10.1002/bjs.1800740422. PMID 3580805.
[4] Sausville, Edward A. and Longo, Dan L. Principles of
Cancer Treatment: Surgery, Chemotherapy, and Biologic
Therapy, Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th
Ed. Kaspar, Dennis L. et al., eds. p.446 (2005).
8 External links
Mybiopsyinfo.com - What is a biopsy? How is a
biopsy examination performed? This website gives
you answers to these and many other questions.
MyBiopsy.org - Information about biopsy results for
patients. This site is created by pathologists, the
physicians who diagnose cancer and other diseases
by looking at biopsies under a microscope.
RadiologyInfo - The radiology information resource
for patients: Biopsy
Fine needle aspiration biopsy on Wikisurgery
Core needle (Trucut) biopsy on Wikisurgery
9.1
Text
9.2
Images
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9.3
Content license