GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-1

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-2

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-3

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-4

RAN is short for radio access network.

The end-to-end (E2E) maintenance mode is used in the synchronous digital hierarchy
(SDH). However, the maintenance for mobile IP bearer networks is invisible
The route, E2E tunnels, and bearer service quality are invisible.
During the O&M, active monitoring and passive maintenance and test are combined.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-5

Background

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a subprotocol of the TCP/IP suite. It

is used to transmit control messages between IP hosts and routers.

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a multicast protocol of the IP

suite. It is used by an IP host to report to any directly-connected router member
information of the protocol.

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) allows physical device in the local
area network (LAN) to request an IP address from the ARP list or cache on the
gateway server.

The fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) technology provides the highest
transmission rate among all mature LAN technologies. It relies on ANSIX3T9.5 to
achieve a maximum rate of 100 Mbit/s.

X.25 is the first connection-oriented network and the first public data network. It
was developed before the open systems interconnection (OSI) model.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-6

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-7

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-8

ICMP is regarded as part of the network layer. ICMP packets transmit error, control
packets, and query results. They are used by protocols at network layer or higher layers,
such as TCP or UDP.
Ping operates by sending ICMP echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an
ICMP reply packet. If an echo reply packet is sent back to the source host within the
specified time period after the echo request packets reach the target host, the target host
is reachable. If the source host fails to receive an echo reply packet within the specified
time period, a timeout is displayed at the transmit end.
Ping sets the identifier in an ICMP packet to the procedures that sends the ICMP packet.
This helps to identify at the peer end different ping cases that run at the local end.
Sequence Number is incremented by 1 when Ping sends an ICMP echo request packet. The
number of echo request packets sent varies with different types of device.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-9

At present, IP RAN devices only support IPv4 tests.

Identify faults in network quality: For example, packet losses, transmission delay, and delay
variation.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-10

TTL is short for time to live. The TTL field in an IP header specifies the time period when
the data packets live and the maximum number of routers to traverse. TTL is configured
on the source device that sends data packets. Its value decreases by 1 when the data
packets traverse a router. When the TTL value decreases to 0, the data packets are
discarded, and an ICMP timeout packet is sent to the source device as a notification.
Under normal circumstances, the TTL value is set to the number of routers to traverse.
You can stop the Ping IP test by pressing CTRL+Q.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-11

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-12

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-13

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-14

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-15

As part of the network layer, ICMP packets transmit error, control packets, and query
results. They are used by protocols at network layer or higher layers, such as TCP and UDP.
The TTL field in an IP header specifies the time period when the data packets live and the
maximum number of routers to traverse. TTL is configured on the source device that sends
data packets. Its value decreases by 1 when the data packets traverse a router. When the
value decreases to 0, the data packets are discarded, and an ICMP timeout packet is sent
to the source device as a notification. Under normal circumstances, the TTL value is set to
the number of routers to traverse.
First, the source host sends to the target host three UDP data packets whose TTL value is 1,
a port whose ID is greater than 32768 is randomly used as the port for receiving the data
packets at the receive end. When the data packets reach a router, a timeout occurs, and
the source host receives an ICMP timeout packet from the router. Then, the source host
sends again three UDP data packets whose TTL value is 2, and receives an ICMP timeout
packet from the second router that the data packets traverse. This continues until the
target host receives the packets.
The packets that the source device sends contain the destination port ID. If the port is not
used on the target device when the ICMP packets are received, the target device sends
ICMP port unreachable information back to the source device, indicating that the target
device is unreachable and the Tracert operations are performed. The route is also shown in
the results displayed on the source device.
The maximum value of TTL in a data packet is 30. If no response packet is received by the
source host within the time specified, timeout information is displayed on the source
device. If timeout information is still displayed when the TTL value is 30, the packets
cannot reach the target host, and the test fails.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-16

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-17

If the IP address at the local end of an IP route equals the source IP address of Trace Route,
the IP address at the peer end of the IP route equals the destination IP address of Trace
Route, and ping detection is enabled, the Trace Route results are inaccurate. This situation
is normal.
If the source IP address is not specified, the system selects the most appropriate interface
IP address based on PHB and uses the IP address as the source IP address. Ensure that
routes to the source IP address are configured for intermediary and destination devices.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-18

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-19

Conclusion:The Tracert packets fail to reach the target host after going through two
routers. Therefore, the route after the second router is faulty.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-20

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-21

The Outer Intercept Length or Inner Intercept Length parameter specifies the length
of each Ethernet frame (especially the long packet) to be captured. Only the packet of the
length specified by the parameter is intercepted and the part exceeding the specified
length is not reported. If the actually captured packet is shorter than the specified length,
the length of the actual packet is used.
Packet capturing is used to obtain and analyze external packets.
External parameters:

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-22

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-23

When the packets are captured, the tracing files are saved in the OMU. You can obtain the
files from the /bam/common/fam/trace/ directory using FTP.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-24

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-25

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

P-26

Ethereal is a commonly used IP network packet capturing and analysis tool, you can
download it from the Internet.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-27

GSM IPRAN Maintenance and Test Tools

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

P-28