Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
in
New Buildings
Contents
1.
Introduction ......................................................................................... 2
o Who is this guide for? ...................................................................... 2
o Why demand energy efficient terms? ........................................... 2
o How do you use this guide? ........................................................... 2
2.
3.
4.
1.
Introduction
This has been written for people in the North who are going to ask architects,
engineers, builders and building systems contractors to submit proposals for
new buildings. It will help you write your Request for Proposals (RFP), evaluate
the proposals and ensure you are getting what you asked for. Use this guide with
the Arctic Energy Alliances (AEAs) Model National Energy Code for Buildings +
40 Toolkit (MNECB +40 Toolkit), when you are ready to write your RFP.
This guide is not meant to replace the Good Building Practice for Northern
Facilities prepared by the Department of Public Works and Services, GNWT. Your
architects and engineers should still be using the Good Building Practice for
Northern Facilities for all aspects of the building and should use their best
judgment to create a building that is as efficient as possible for your particular
application. Most of the recommendations in this guide apply to all building
types. Please contact AEA for additional recommendations for special building
types at 867-920-3333 or 1 877-755-5855.
Demanding energy efficiency terms in your RFP will ensure that you are provided
with quotes for high efficiency buildings. This means that your building will cost a
lot less to operate (heat, light, etc) and will produce less greenhouse gas
emissions. Although the building may have a slightly higher initial cost, the
reduced operating cost will more than compensate for that if the building is well
designed.
You will find a set of tables throughout the Required Energy Efficiency Terms
(Section 1) that will help you to determine what to ask for in your RFP for an
energy efficient building (a building that AEA would consider energy efficient),
and for an excellent energy efficient building (a building that goes beyond just
being energy efficient). Include the sections of the tables that apply to your
building. You will also find text in blue boxes that you should include in your RFP
to ensure you are receiving the highest quality.
The Criteria to Evaluate Proposals in Section 2 outlines what you need to look
for when comparing how proposed energy efficient buildings are constructed.
When writing your proposal, ensure that you include the appropriate Response
Guidelines outlined in Section 4.
2.
Contractor Requirements
You need to take great care when selecting the people who will be designing and
constructing your new building. Choose people with proven experience in
northern building. It is also important that they are available for you to talk to
and that you get along with them well. If you have problems communicating
with them before you award the contract, you should solve those problems
immediately or hire someone else. You do not want to get halfway through the
building project and realize that the people working for you are doing whatever
they want and ignoring you and your requests.
Architects
The architect is responsible for the initial building design.
You should request the highest standards that your budget can afford.
Look for a firm that specialises in efficient northern buildings or has
LEED certified architects and talk to their previous clients. LEED
certified architects may be more expensive so more suited to large
projects, but they still need to have experience with northern buildings.
See the link below to get a list of architects certified to design in the
NWT. You will still need to check to see if they are LEED certified (if
thats the route you want to go) and check their energy efficiency design
experience. www.nwtaa.ca/
Building Contractors
The building contractor is responsible for carrying out the construction of
new buildings.
It is important that high standards are followed during construction so
that the building matches the quality of the design.
Be sure the contractor is aware of your demand for a high efficiency
building, and look for a contractor that has previous experience or
specialised training in energy efficient buildings. Attention to detail is
essential!
Many contractors are listed on the NWT Construction Association
website. www.nwtca.ca/
Sub-Contractors
Sub-contractors may include mechanical system installers, electricians,
plumbers or any other specialists.
Your building contractor will probably contract these people to do some
of the work on your building.
Make sure you find out who they are. They should have the best energy
efficiency qualifications for their area of expertise. If you are not sure, ask
them about their energy efficiency experience.
Correct installation of building systems is essential for efficient operation!
Inspections
Make sure there is a strict commissioning process, and third party
inspections, when the building is getting built and after it is finished.
An inspector will not be able to see all of the detail once the building has
been completed, and it is much easier to fix a missing piece of insulation,
or improve air tightness before the finishing touches have been done.
If having third party inspections is not realistic for this project in your
community, the AEA can help; call us at 867-920-3333 or 1-877-755-5855.
Commissioning Agent
The commissioning agent (CA) is responsible for coordinating and
carrying out the commissioning process.
For complex projects, the CA should be brought on as part of the design
phase. However, for most projects, commissioning may not be needed
until construction begins, and knowledgeable in-house personnel may fill
the role of the CA.
Commissioning should continue after the building is occupied, and be
integrated into the operations and maintenance plan.
Your RFP needs to be clear about exactly what all of your requirements are so
that everyone understands. This makes awarding the contract easier because it
allows you to see clearly which proposals meet your requirements and which
dont. Not all buildings are the same some have special requirements. If you
are told that the requirements you have put in your RFP are impossible, contact
the AEA or another third party consultant to verify that.
Overall Building Rating
Your RFP should require an overall building rating so that the architect
and contractors will ensure that the building meets the overall design
requirement.
Using a recognised rating system will also enable third party review of
building designs.
Use the following table as a guide to choosing a building rating. A building
is over 600 m2 when the total area of all the floors is more than 600m2 or
6458 sq. ft.
Requiring that the building be certified to LEED standards may add
significantly to the cost of the building.
If it is important to your community, you should also specify that the
building be designed to reflect your culture: for example building shape,
height, colour, materials, etc.
Table 1: Some Possible Building Ratings
Building Rating
EnerGuide for
Homes (EGH)
National Energy
Code (NECB) 2011
Leadership in
Energy and
Environmental
Design (LEED)
Building Size
Minimum
2
Smaller than 300 m EGH80
(3,229 sq ft)
Larger than 300 m2 NECB 2011 + 20%
(3,229 sq ft)
Bigger than 600 m2
Silver
(6,458 sq ft)
Excellent
EGH85
NECB 2011 + 30%
Platinum
Air Tightness
(Buildings Smaller Than
600m2)
Air Tightness
(Buildings Larger Than
600m2)
Minimum
R60 (RSI 10)
R40 (RSI 7)
R60 (RSI 7)
ENERGY STAR Climate
Zone D
30% or less of wall area
is window
20% or less of wall area
is window
10% or less of wall area
is window
ENERGY STAR Climate
Zone D
20% average over year
(as demonstrated by
engineering calculations)
1.5ACH @50Pa
0.15 litre/sec/m2 @75 Pa
Excellent
R80 (RSI 14)
R60 (RSI 10)
R80 (RSI 10)
Electrical Efficiency
Electricity is very expensive in the Northwest Territories, which is a good
reason to install efficient electrical systems and appliances.
Some communities have hydro-electricity, with very low greenhouse gas
emissions mostly from when the backup diesel generators turn on - but
other communities have diesel or natural gas generators which have a
high level of greenhouse gas emissions, so there is even more reason to
reduce electrical loads.
You should request that all relevant documentation be provided with the
proposals. All appliances should be ENERGY STAR
(http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/residential/personal/new-appliances.cfm?attr=4)
approved.
Interior Lighting
Controls
Exterior Lighting
Exit Signs
Pumps, Motors,
Machines Under
7.5kW (10 HP)
Pumps, Motors,
Machines over 7.5kW
(10 HP)
Refrigerators, Cooking
and Other Appliances
Clothes Dryers
Office/Entertainment
Equipment
Parking Receptacle
Minimum
Excellent
ENERGY STAR
90% efficiency
ENERGY STAR
95% efficiency
ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR
Lowest kWh/year available in
the size that you require
EnerGuide rating
EnerGuide rating
425 kWh/year or less
400 kWh/year or less with
sensor to turn it off when
clothes are dry
ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR automated
hibernation and shutdown
Timer and temperature With automatic timer and
controlled
temperature control
Appliances
1. All electrical appliances must be ENERGY STAR rated, if available.
Motors and Pumps
2. All motors and pumps must be ENERGY STAR rated and must be no
larger than the required peak capacity.
Mechanical Systems
Furnaces, boilers, ventilation systems, water heaters and other
mechanical systems all have detailed specifications that outline their
efficiency.
Appliances, where applicable, should be, at a minimum, ENERGY STAR
approved, if available for the size/type of appliance.
For even more efficient appliances you can request specific efficiency
ratings.
You should request that the proposals document and highlight
mechanical system efficiency ratings.
Table 4: Suggested Mechanical System Efficiencies
Mechanical
System
Boiler Wood Pellet
Boiler Oil
Boiler Gas
Furnace Oil
Furnace Gas
Wood Stove
Pellet Stove
Ventilation Fans
Heat Recovery
Ventilation Units
for Building Less
Than 600m2
Minimum
ULC/CSA certified
ENERGY STAR
AFUE 85%
ENERGY STAR
AFUE 90%
ENERGY STAR
AFUE 85 %
ENERGY STAR AFUE 92%
EPA 40 CFR Part 60 or CSA
B415.1M92 approved
Excellent
ULC/CSA certified and less
than 4.5g/hr of smoke (EPA
test method)
ENERGY STAR
AFUE 90%
ENERGY STAR
AFUE 96%
ENERGY STAR AFUE 90%
ENERGY STAR AFUE 98%
EPA 40 CFR Part 60 or CSA
B415.1M92 approved and
less than 4.5g/hr of smoke
(EPA test method)
Less than 1g/hour of smoke
(EPA test method)
ENERGY STAR low sone (low
noise)
Required everywhere
HVI Certified,
Recovery Efficiency 50% @ 40C
Mechanical
System
Heat Recovery
Ventilation Units
for Building Larger
Than 600m2
Oil Hot Water Tank
Gas Hot Water
Tank
Electric Hot Water
Tank (Hydro
Communities Only)
Oil Instantaneous
Hot Water Heater
Gas Instantaneous
Hot Water Heater
Electric
Instantaneous Hot
Water Heater
(Hydro
Communities Only)
Hot Water From
Boiler
Room Air
Conditioning
Central Air
Conditioning
Control Systems
Minimum
Excellent
ENERGY STAR
EF .90
ENERGY STAREF .96
ENERGY STAR
EER 10.8 or higher
None, except where
absolutely needed (such as
computer rooms). Design
using shading and natural
ventilation. ENERGY STAR
ceiling fans or economisers
using outdoor air cooling.
Programmable control
systems for heating and
ventilation are required
(for example
programmable
thermostats). Outdoor
reset required on
furnace/boilers.
10
Minimum
Excellent
Faucets
Toilets
Urinals
Showers
Dishwashers
5.6 L/min
Dual flush (4.8 L/ flush max)
Low flush (0.9L/ flush max)
6.6 L/min
ENERGY STAR
Washing Machines
3.5 L/min
0L composting toilet
Low flow (0.5 L/flush max)
5 L/min
ENERGY STAR
Lowest kWh/year available
in the size that you require.
ENERGY STAR and less than
38 litres per load.
11
Documentation
Monitoring
Minimum
Excellent
Building operators/maintainers
must be trained to maintain
and operate the building.
Specify in writing how much
on-site training provided by the
contractors/engineers is
required. A guideline to start
with is 1 day per 400 m2 of floor
area. Written directions must
also be provided.
All documentation pertaining
to the building and its systems
must be kept. Set points and
operating instructions must be
recorded.
Design philosophy and As
Built drawings should also be
required in writing, including
Sequences of Operation.
The building and systems are
monitored; results are
recorded and are reviewed
periodically to find
improvements.
Fuel Preferences
In additional to reducing energy use, it is important to choose sustainable
energy sources. Not only will the energy that you use create less pollution
and greenhouse gasses, cleaner or renewable energy sources are usually
safer to store and transport, and might make better use of local
resources.
You should check AEAs Renewable Yardstick
(http://www.aea.nt.ca/communities) for your community as a starting
point to see what alternative energy sources might be good to use in
your community.
12
Replace
Heating oil
(as much as possible)
Water Heating
Electricity
(in diesel generator
communities)
Electricity
Diesel generator
Building Cooling
Electric
(refrigerated air
conditioner)
Commercial
Refrigeration
Lighting
Electric
Electric (using
incandescent or
halogen fixtures)
With
Wood pellets, wood chips, recovered
waste heat, solar wall and design for
solar gain where possible.
Fuel-fired on-demand heater or
boiler loop (conduct analysis first
since best option depends on factors
such as hot water consumption) or
solar hot water.
Co-generation (to produce building
heat at the same time), solar panels,
wind turbine, micro hydro.
Window shading,
electric fans, natural window cross
ventilation (design for wind), solar air
conditioner, electric (evaporative air
conditioner)
Systems that use outdoor air to cool
when possible
Sunlight, electric (using fluorescent,
LED or ceramic metal halide fixtures)
13
3.
HRAI (Heating,
Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning
Institute of Canada)
WETT (Wood Energy Certified to ensure safe
Technology Transfer installations and provide
Inc.)
standards for inspections
and insurability of wood
burning appliances, such as
wood stoves and open
fireplaces.
LEED (Leadership in Indicates they have
Energy and
knowledge of energy
Environmental
efficient building
Design)
techniques, but may not
have knowledge essential
to building in the North.
Verification
At least two references
from similar completed
projects. Call these before
deciding on the contractor.
http://www.hrai.ca/contrac
torlocator.html
http://www.wettinc.ca/sear
ch.html
Another requirement stated in the RFP could be to employ and train local people
for certain tasks. If it is necessary to bring in people who have the experience to
build the facility properly, it is an excellent practice to have local people involved
so they understand the building better and are able to perform as much of the
routine maintenance as possible. It will also help them develop their skills so
they will be able to do more on the next building or may be able to get work in
neighbouring communities. Buying from local suppliers when possible can help
keep money in the community and helps build local businesses.
14
You are saying that all of the minimum energy efficient recommendations MUST
be met in the building design, above any other minimum building code
requirements. All of the recommended minimum values in this guide are
commercially feasible, and there is no reason why they should not be used in
your building regardless of which community you live in. When you evaluate the
proposals, you should check each proposal against the requirements you have
set out in your RFP. Your final selection should be narrowed down to only those
who meet ALL of the requirements you have listed in your RFP.
You should include the following statement in your RFP:
1. All Energy Efficiency Terms outlined in this request for proposals MUST
be met for a design to be approved.
15
4.
Response Guidelines
Declaration of Terms
Once you receive proposals to design and build your new building, you will have
to compare them to see which one best meets your needs. Because the
proposals can be complicated, AEA is available to help you understand them.
Understanding the proposals that you receive to do the work outlined in the RFP
is important; you will need to be able to identify that all your requests have been
met, and be sure that it can be tested or proved throughout design, approval
and commissioning. Asking for the right details will ensure that you have all the
information to get more advice if you are not sure about a building component.
Table 9: Guide to documentation requirements
Terms
Required
Accountability
Documentation
Method
Planning Phase of Project
NECB 2011 Report
Third Party
Ratings
Screening
LEED
Ratings
Report
Third Party
Detailed
Assessment
Stated in Building
Plans
Insulation
Levels
Building Plans
Windows
and Doors
Building Plans,
Window
Specifications
Window and
Door
Specifications
Lighting
Building Plans
Stated in
Electrical Plans
and fixture
specifications
Ask For:
16
Terms
Heating
and
Ventilation
Systems
Required
Accountability
Documentation
Method
Heat Loss
Equipment
Calculations
Specifications
and Equipment
Specifications
Hot Water
Systems
Volume
Requirement
Calculations
and Equipment
Specifications
Equipment
Specifications
Appliances
Appliance
Specifications
Specifications
Third Party
Inspector
Ask For:
Request that a report
outlining the heat loss and
ventilation calculations be
supplied by an HVAC
consultant or professional
engineer. Also request a
copy of the equipment
specifications clearly stating
the capacity of the system,
showing an ENERGY STAR
rating and the operating
efficiency.
A report outlining the
calculations determining
the capacity of the hot
water system. Also request
the system specifications
clearly stating the capacity
of the system, showing an
ENERGY STAR rating and
the operating efficiency.
Ask for the specifications of
all appliances to be
provided clearly stating the
capacity of the system,
showing an ENERGY STAR
rating and the operating
efficiency.
Have a building inspector
check the building against
the agreed plans before
interior or exterior cladding
has been fitted and provide
you with a compliance
report.*
17
Terms
Windows
and Doors
Air
Tightness
Required
Accountability
Documentation
Method
Inspection
Third Party
Report
Inspector
Test Results
Third Party
Testing
LEED
Ratings
Certification
Third Party
Detailed
Assessment (CA)
Ask For:
Have a building inspector
check the building against
the agreed plans before
interior or exterior cladding
has been fitted and provide
you with a compliance
report. The building
contractor will need to keep
proof of window and door
model numbers.*
Have a Blower Door Test
performed on the building
before air and vapour
barriers are covered with
internal and external
cladding, to make sure the
minimum required levels
have been met. If they have
not, more air sealing is
easier to perform at this
phase of the building
project.* A thermographic
scan of the building
envelope may be
performed in combination
with the blower door test.
Have a Blower Door Test
performed upon
completion of the building
in addition to during
construction, to make sure
the minimum required
levels have been met.
Upon completion of your
building you should receive
your final LEED
assessment and receive
your certification.
18
Terms
Lighting
Required
Accountability
Documentation
Method
Inspection
Third Party
Report
Inspector (CA)
Heating
and
Ventilation
Systems
Installation
Report/
Checklist
Third Party
Inspector (CA)
Hot Water
Systems
Installation
Report/
Checklist
Third Party
Inspector (CA)
Training
Manual and
Certification
On-Going
Monitoring
Log Book
Documentation
Manual
Ask For:
Have a building inspector
check the building against
the agreed plans and
provide you with a
compliance report.*
Have a building inspector
check the building against
the agreed plans and
provide you with a
compliance report.*
Have a building inspector
check the building against
the agreed plans and
provide you with a
compliance report.*
Have a building inspector
check training certification
against the manual and
provide you with a report.*
Have a building inspector
check the log against the
manual and provide you
with a report.*
Have a building inspector
check the manual against
the agreed plans and
provide you with a report.*
* If you are unable to get a building inspector, please contact AEA for support.
19
20
21
22
23
R-Value
Measure of resistance to heat flow; the higher the R-value, the lower the heat
loss. The inverse of U-factor. RSI is the metric measurement equivalent (multiply
RSI by 6 to get approximate R-Value).
ULC (Underwriters Laboratories of Canada)
An independent product safety testing, certification and inspection organization.
U-Value
Measure of the heat conducted through a given product or materialthe
number of British thermal units (Btus) of heat that move through a square foot
of the material in one hour for every 1 degree Fahrenheit difference in
temperature across the material (Btu/ft2F hr). U-factor is the inverse of R-value.
Watt (W)
Defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion.
Watts per meter squared (W/m2)
Power required to light an area one meter by one meter. In RFPs, give ranges or
a maximum. A higher W/m2 means more energy is used on lighting.
WETT (Wood Energy Technology Transfer)
A non-profit training and education association managed by a volunteer Board of
Directors elected by holders of valid WETT certificates. Through its
administrative designate, WETT Inc. functions as the national registrar of the
WETT program. Through professional training and public education, WETT Inc.
promotes the safe and effective use of wood burning systems in Canada.
24