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throughout the tract there is a coordinate series of secretory and motor activities
attributable to nervous inferences of to sequence of the different phases of
digestion commencing with the breakdown of food into small pieces by the teeth,
its transport along the esophagus to the stomach, and the production, by the
gastric contractions, of a semi solid mission of food and digestive secretions the
chyme. subsequent movement of the ingesta, and its admixture with the
pancreatic and intestinal juices, is dependent on the behavior of the small
intestine, which is coordinated through intrinsic and extrinsic nervous activity.
evaluation of feces is likewise accomplished by a series of coordinated muscular
movements of the lower end of the digestive tract.
glands that secrete into the elementary canal occur in all vertebrates, and
despite morphological variations in the digestive tract there is remarkably fade
difference in the secretory activities of the glands themselves. little is known of
the precise neural and hormonal mechanisme, controlling digestive gland activity
in the lower vertebrates. in mammals there is a progressve change from a purely
nervous control of the salivacy glands at the cranial and of the tract, throngin
mixed nervous and humoral control of the gastric glands, to a predomisantly
hormonal control of the pancreatic, biliaxy, and intestinal secretions. the
gastriointestinal hormones have been the subject of extensive investigation, and
several of them have been isolated and identified. no differented