Video camera

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Modern digital television camera with a DIGI SUPER 86II xs lens from Canon. The camera was used during a
bandy match between Hammarby and GAIS in Elitserien, Zinkendamms IP (Stockholm) 2012-02-11.

A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition (as opposed to a movie
camera, which records images on film), initially developed for the television industry but now
common in other applications as well.
The earliest video cameras were those of John Logie Baird, based on the mechanical Nipkow
disk and used in experimental broadcasts through the 1920s-30s. All-electronic designs based on
the video camera tube, such as Vladimir Zworykin'sIconoscope and Philo Farnsworth's image
dissector, supplanted the Baird system by the 1930. These remained in wide use until the 1980s,
when cameras based on solid-state image sensors such as CCDs (and later CMOS active pixel
sensors) eliminated common problems with tube technologies such as image burn-in and
made digital video workflow practical. The transition to digital TV gave a boost to digital video
cameras and by the 2010s, most video cameras were digital.
With the advent of digital video capture, the distinction between professional video cameras and
movie cameras has disappeared as the intermittent mechanism has become the same. Nowadays,
mid-range cameras exclusively used for television and other work (except movies) are termed
professional video cameras.
Video cameras are used primarily in two modes. The first, characteristic of much early broadcasting,
is live television, where the camera feeds real time images directly to a screen for immediate
observation. A few cameras still serve live television production, but most live connections are
for security, military/tactical, and industrial operations where surreptitious or remote viewing is
required. In the second mode the images are recorded to a storage device for archiving or further
processing; for many years, videotape was the primary format used for this purpose, but was
gradually supplanted by optical disc, hard disk, and then flash memory. Recorded video is used in
television production, and more often surveillance and monitoring tasks in which unattended
recording of a situation is required for later analysis.
Modern video cameras have numerous designs and uses.

Professional video cameras, such as those used in television production, may be television
studio-based or mobile in the case of an electronic field production (EFP). Such cameras
generally offer extremely fine-grained manual control for the camera operator, often to the
exclusion of automated operation. They usually use three sensors to separately record red,
green and blue.

Camcorders combine a camera and a VCR or other recording device in one unit; these are
mobile, and were widely used for television production, home movies, electronic news
gathering (ENG) (including citizen journalism), and similar applications. Since the transition to
digital video cameras, most cameras have in-built recording media and as such are also
camcorders.

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) generally uses pan tilt zoom cameras (PTZ), for security,
surveillance, and/or monitoring purposes. Such cameras are designed to be small, easily
hidden, and able to operate unattended; those used in industrial or scientific settings are often
meant for use in environments that are normally inaccessible or uncomfortable for humans, and
are therefore hardened for such hostile environments (e.g. radiation, high heat, or toxic chemical
exposure).

Webcams are video cameras which stream a live video feed to a computer.

Camera phones - nowadays most video cameras are incorporated into mobile phones.

Special camera systems are used for scientific research, e.g. on board a satellite or
a spaceprobe, in artificial intelligence and robotics research, and in medical use. Such cameras
are often tuned for non-visible radiation for infrared (for night vision and heat sensing) or Xray (for medical and video astronomy use).

See also[edit]

Digital single-lens reflex camera

FireWire camera

Professional video camera

Radar imaging

Television production

Three-CCD

Video camera tube

Videograph

Videotelephony

References[edit]
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this
article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged
and removed. (October 2007)

External links[edit]

Media related to Video cameras at Wikimedia Commons

The dictionary definition of video camera at Wiktionary

[hide]

DSLR, SLT and MILC cameras with HD video (uncompressed 4K resoluti

5D Mark IIw (2008)
7Dw (2009)
1D Mark IVw (2009)
High-end

1D Xw (2012)
5D Mark IIIHw (2012)
1D Cw (2012)
6DHGW (2012)
7D Mark IIHG (2014)
500D (2009)
60Dw (2010)

Canon

550D (2010)

EOS

600D (2011)
Mid-range

650DH (2012)
EOS M (2012)
700DH (2013)
70DHW (2013)
EOS M2 (2013)
EOS M3 (2015)
1100D (2011)

Entry-level

100DH (2013)
1200D (2014)

Nikon
D / 1 series

High-end

D300STgw (2009)
D3STgw (2009)

D800/D800ETHgw (2012)
D4THgw (2012)
D600THgw (2012)
D610THgw (2013)
D4STHgw (2014)
D810THgw (2014)
D750THgW(2014)
D810ATHgw (2015)
D90gw (2008)
D5000Tgw (2009)
D7000Tgw (2010)
D5100THgw (2011)
1 V1TSFgw (2011)
Mid-range

1 V2TSFgw (2012)
D5200THgw (2012)
D7100THgw (2013)
D5300THGW(2013)
1 V3TSFHPgW (2014)
D5500THgW (2015)
D7200THgW (2015)
D3100gw (2010)
1 J1TSFgw (2011)
D3200gw (2012)
1 J2TSFHPgw (2012)

Entry-level

1 S1TSFHPgw (2013)
1 J3TSFHPgw (2013)
1 AW1TSFHPgw (2013)
D3300Pgw (2014)
1 J4TSFHPgW (2014)
1 J5TSFHPgW (2015)

Olympus
Micro 4/3

Mid-range

E-M5 (2012)
E-P5W (2013)
E-M1W (2013)

E-M10THW (2014)
E-PL1 (2010)
E-P1 (2010)
E-P2 (2010)
E-PL2 (2011)
Entry-level

E-PL3 (2011)
E-P3 (2011)
E-PM1 (2011)
E-PL5 (2012)
E-PM2 (2012)

GH1 (2009)
GH2 (2010)
Mid-range

GH3THW (2012)
GX7 (2013)
GM1THW (2013)
GH4THW (2014)
GF1 (2009)

Panasonic

G10 (2010)

Lumix

G2 (2010)
GF2 (2010)
Entry-level

G3 (2011)
GX1 (2011)
GF3 (2011)
GF5 (2012)
G5 (2012)
G6 (2013)

High-end
Pentax

Mid-range

645ZTHgw (2014)
K-7TH (2009)

645 / K /

K-5THg (2010)

Q series

K-30THg (2012)
K-5 II/K-5 IIsTHg (2012)

K-50THg (2013)
K-3THgw (2013)
K-3 IITHgw (2015)
K-xH (2009)
K-rTHg (2010)
QT (2011)
Entry-level

K-01THg (2012)
Q10T (2012)
K-500THg (2013)
Q7T (2013)
Q-S1T (2014)

High-end

NX1 (2014)
NX5Pg (2010)
NX10Pg (2010)
NX11Pg (2010)

Mid-range

NX20PgW (2012)
NX30 (2013)
Galaxy NXPgW (2013)

Samsung

NX500 (2015)

NX series

NX100Pg (2010)
NX200Pg (2011)
NX1000PgW (2012)
Entry-level

NX210PgW (2012)
NX300PgW (2013)
NX1100PgW (2013)
NX2000PgW (2013)

99VHPG/99HP (2012)
7/7RHPgW (2013)
Sony
Alpha

High-end

7SSHPgW (2014)
7IIHPgW (2014)
7RIISHPgW (2015)

580HP (2010)
560HP (2010)
55VHPG/55HP (2010)
77VHPG/77HP (2011)
NEX-7HP (2011)
Mid-range

NEX-6HPW (2011)
65VHPG/65HP (2011)
57HP (2012)
58HP(2013)
6000HPW (2014)
77 IIHPW (2014)
NEX-3/NEX-3CHP (2010)
NEX-5/NEX-5CHP (2010)
33HP (2010)
35HP (2011)
NEX-5NHP (2011)

Entry-level

NEX-C3HP (2011)
NEX-F3HP (2012)
37HP (2012)
NEX-5RHPW (2012)
NEX-5THPW (2013)
3000 (2013)
5000 (2014)

High-end

Leica M (2012)
Leica S (2014)
Fujifilm X-Pro1 (2012)

Leica M
Fujifilm X

Mid-range

Fujifilm X-E1 (2012)

Fujifilm X-E2 (2013)
Fujifilm X-T1W (2014)

Entry-level

Fujifilm X-M1 (2013)

Fujifilm X-A1 (2013)

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Authority control

NDL: 00577212