Académique Documents
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materials
Dr Bertram Mallia
Room 221, Faculty of Engineering
bertram.mallia@um.edu.mt
1
Course description:
Introduction to a wide range of ferrous and
non-ferrous materials
The role of alloying elements and other
factors effecting the properties of these
materials
Suggested reading
Engineering Materials by R. L. Timing, Volume 1, second
edition, ISBN 978-0-582-31928-8
Light alloys by Ian Polmear, fourth edition, ISBN 0-7506-6371-5
Physical Metallurgy by William F. Hosford, ISBN 0-8247-2321-6
Steels Microstructure and Properties by R.W.K Honeycombe
and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, second edition, ISBN 0-340-58946-9
Materials Science and Engineering by W.D. Callister, sixth
edition, ISBN 0-471-22471-5
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Course material:
Website: http://www.um.edu.mt/vle
Engineering Materials
Ferrous
metals
Metals
Engineering
materials
Non-metallic
materials
Nonferrous
metals
Synthetic
materials
Natural
materials
Ferrous Alloys
Alloys based on metallic element iron (Latin ferrum)
Iron is rarely found in pure state ; It converts to oxide in a
matter of few years
Engineers usually find it associated with carbon (non-metal)
Although all Fe-C alloys can arguably be considered as
ferrous alloys, these are referred to as Wrought iron, plain
carbon steel and plain cast irons (depending on C content
and the way it is associated with iron content)
The term ferrous alloys is reserved for ferrous materials
containing additional metallic alloying elements in sufficient
quantities to modify the properties of the material
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Ferrous metals
Carbon steel (low)
Classification:
Cast iron
Wrought
iron
Non-Ferrous metals
Aluminium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Gold
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenium
Nickel
Platinium
Silver
Tin
Titanium
Vanadium
Zinc
Metals
NonFerrous
material
HT (cast)
Non HT (wrought)
Non HT (cast)
Magnesium alloys
Alloys
Bearing metals
Density
(kg/m3)
Tm
(oC)
Properties
Uses
Aluminium
2700
660
Lightest of commonly
used metals, high
electrical and thermal
conductivity, Soft, ductile
and low TS (93MPa)
Base of many
engineering alloys,
lightweight electrical
conductors
Copper
8900
1083
Lead
11 300
328
Metal
Density
(kg/m3)
Tm
(oC)
Properties
Uses
Titanium
4510
1678
Good creep,
excellent corrosionresistant
Silver
10 500
960
Tin
7 300
232
Corrosion resistant
Metal
Density
(kg/m3)
Tm
(oC)
Properties
Uses
Zinc
7100
420
Chromium
7500
1890
Resists corrosion,
Increase strength but
lowers ductility of
steels. Improves heat
treatment
Cobalt
8900
1495
Improves wear
resistance and hot
hardness of high
speed steels
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Metal
Densit
y
(kg/m3)
Tm
(oC)
Properties
Uses
Manganese
7200
1260
Molybdenum
9550
2620
A heavy heat
resistant metal
that alloys
readily with
other metals
Nickel
8900
1458
Strong, tough,
corrosion
resistant metal
Non-ferrous alloys
Copper alloys:
Bronze (Cu-Sn) High corrosion resistance; easily
machined; relative high melting temperature. Heavy and
expensive compared to ferrous materials
Applications: steam and hydraulic valve components;
marine applications
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15
Aluminium alloys
Generally less strong than ferrous and copperbased alloys however they are lighter in weight.
More corrosion resistant than ferrous materials
(except stainless steels). The strength of these
alloys fall rapidly with temperature
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Titanium alloys
Strong as steel and light in weight as aluminium.
Titanium retains its strength at high
temperatures and is very corrosion resistant. On
the negative side, titanium is very costly and is
difficult to shape
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Group Project
8 groups
Deliverables :
(1) Present a group report on an
assigned ferrous or non-ferrous material
(2) Presentation (23 mins)
(Carry 15% of the exam mark)
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Group 1
Tool steels
Introduction
Main groups of tool steels
Alloy design and heat treatment
Shock resistant tool steels; Hot work tool steels;
High speed steels; Cold work tool steels; Mold
steels ....
- Applications
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Group 2
Cast iron
Into/ History
Iron-carbon system
Types of cast iron (Grey cast Iron, White cast
Iron, Spheroidal cast iron, Malleable cast iron,
Alloy cast iron)
- Effect of alloying elements/ impurities and
cooling rate on microstructure development
- Properties
- Applications
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Group 3
Aluminium and its alloys
- History / Intro
- Wrought Aluminium alloys (Heat treatable and
non-heat treatable)
- Cast Aluminium alloys (Heat treatable and nonheat treatable)
- Hydrogen porosity
- Hardening mechanisms
- Properties and applications
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Group 4
Nickel and nickel base alloys
- Introduction / Historical development
- Physical metallurgy (solid solution hardening,
carbide strengthening, precipitation hardening)
- Various Nickel alloys such as superalloys and
their properties and applications (ex. Heat
resistant applications; corrosion resistance; low
expansion alloys; electrical resistance alloys;
soft magnetic alloys; shape memory alloys)
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Group 5
Group 6
Titanium and its alloys
-
History / Introduction
alloys
Near alloys
+ alloys
alloys
Properties and applications
24
Group 7
Magnesium alloys
-
Introduction/ History
Casting alloys
Wrought alloys
Corrosion and mechanical properties
Applications
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Group 8
Stainless steels
- Introduction / History
- Effect of composition on stainless steel microstructure
(ferrite/ austenite stabilsers, martensite start
temperature)
- Ferritic stainless steels
- Martensitic stainless steels
- Austenitic stainless steels
- Precipitation hardening steels
- Duplex stainless steels
- Applications, properties and corrosion characteristics
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Abdilla Amy
Abela Dylan
Abela Kyle
Abela Warren
Agius Pascalidis Gabriel
Aquilina Jean Paul
Azzopardi Mark Anthony
Baldacchino Darrell
Baldacchino Sarah
Barbara Joshua
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
El Sadi Yasmine
Farrugia Giuseppe
Farrugia Samuel
Farrugia Thomas
Fenech Anthea
Fenech Christian
Fenech Daniel
Fenech Graziella Janice
Galea Carl Matthew
Galea Kenneth
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Group 6
Mercieca Mark
Mifsud Bernard
Migneco Andrea-Ivan
Muscat Damian
Portelli Andrea
Psaila Samuel
Rapa Amy
Saliba Christopher
Saliba Christian
Group 7
Group 8
Saliba Eleanor
Sammut Liam
Schembri Edward Jude
Scicluna Marie Claire
Spiteri Andrew
Spiteri Luke
Sultana Neil
Tabone Miguel
Tanti Karl
Tonna
Vassallo
Vassallo
Vella
Xiberras
Xuereb
Xuereb
Zarb
Zerafa
Christabelle
Chantel
Nicole
Chelsey
Adrian
Aaron
Damian
Nicholas
Jeremy
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