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solids. The sour gas then enters the bottom of the absorber column and flows
upward though the absorber in intimate counter-current contact with the
asqueous amine solutions. Sweetened gas leaves the top of the absorber and
flows to a dehydrations unit before being considered ready for sale.
Fig.3.2 Flow sheet of basic amine process
Lean amine solution from the bottom of a stripper column is pumped through
an amine-amine heat exchanger and then through a water or air-cooled
exchanger before being introduced to the top tray of the absorber column. The
amine moves downward through the absorber counter-current to the sour gas,
and absorbs acid gas constituents from the gas stream. Rich amine solution
flows from the bottom of the absorber through the amine-amine heat
exchanger and then to the top of the stripper column.
The amine-amine heat exchanger serves as a heat conservation device and
lowers total heat requirements for the process. A part of the absorbed acid
gases will be flashed from the heater rich solution on the top tray of the
stripper. The remainder of the rich solution flows downward through the
stripper in counter-current contact with vapor generated in the reboiler. The
reboiler vapor (primarily steam) strips the acid gases from the rich solution.
The acid gases are separated in a separator and sent to the flare or to
processing. The condensed steam is returned to the top of the stripper as
reflux.
Rich amine solution leaves the bottom of the absorber at an elevated
temperature due to the heat of reaction released when acid gases react with
the amine. For this reason heat exchange on the lean amine solution in the
amine-amine exchanger does not cool it sufficiently for many processes. The
amine cooler serves lower the lean amine temperature to the 100F range.
Higher temperatures on lean amine solution will result in excessive amine
losses through vaporization and also lower acid gas carrying capacity in the
solution because of temperature effects.
A process modification attributed to shoeld (3.3) and described by kohl and
Riesenfeld (3.4) is shown in fig. 3.3. This modification uses two amine solutions
fed at different points to the absorber a semi-lean solution introduced at a
midway point and a lean solution introduced in the conventional manner at the
top of the absorber. This process is particularly advantageous for threating sour
gases with a high acid gas content above approximately 30 per cent. The
liquid withdrawn from the mid-point on the stripper is not completely stripped
and is circulated to the bottom part of the absorber, where the acid gas
concentration is highest. The lean solution introduced at the top of the
absorber contacts the gas with the lowest acid gas concentration and reduces
it to the specified level.
trietanolamina
Aunque la trietanolamina acuosa (TEA) fue el primer proceso de
endulzamiento amina aplicado comercialmente, se ha desplazado en gran
medida por cualquiera de MEA o DEA. TEA es menos reactivo con los gases
cidos. Tiene menos gas cido capacidad de carga por volumen de solucin y
tambin no se puede reducir el contenido de H2S a las especificaciones
generales de tuberas. El director aparente ventaja de TEA (y MDEA, tambin
una amina terciaria) es que es selectiva para el sulfuro de hidrgeno.
Probablemente esto es porque las aminas terciarias no pueden someterse a
una reaccin directa con dixido de carbono, como lo hacen con sulfuro de
hidrgeno. La selectividad no es significativo, sin embargo, y hoy ni TEA ni
MDEA encontrar una amplia aplicacin como agentes edulcorantes industriales.
Concentraciones de la solucin
Las principales diferencias en los esquemas de proceso para la MEA y DEA
edulcorante estn en concentraciones de la solucin. MEA se utiliza
habitualmente en un 10 a 20 por ciento en solucin asqueous peso. Con
mucho, la concentracin ms comn sera de aproximadamente 15 por ciento
en peso de MEA. DEA tambin se utiliza en el 10 o 20 por ciento en
concentraciones en peso. La modificacin del proceso de DEA SNPA (Societe
des Nacionale Petroles d 'Aquitaine) utiliza un mayores concentraciones de
DEA. El esquema de flujo unidad de proceso es convencional, pero la
concentracin de solucin de DEA oscilar hacia arriba para 30 o ms por
ciento en peso DEA. Esta mayor concentracin de DEA (debido al peso
molecular ms alto de DEA) da aproximadamente la misma relacin molar de
amina y agua como lo hace un 15 a 20 por ciento peso de solucin por MEA.
El uso de aminas en solucin asqueous, por supuesto, satura el gas dulce con
vapor de agua, independientemente de si el gas cido de entrada es hmedo o
seco. Para la mayora de los procesos de amina, esto significa que una etapa