IEEES-1

Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Seales y Sistemas

04 de sept de 2015. Cali-Colombia.
Informe No.1

DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS PROCESSING SIGNALS IN

MATLAB
PROCESAMIENTO DE SEALES CONTINUAS Y DISCRETAS EN MATLAB
Nelson Gordon, Julia Mercedes1. Sarria Garzon, Lina Caterine2. Escobar Cruz, Juan Nicolas3
21011161, 21003572, 21114793
Julnelson1112@hotmail.com1, linasarriag@gmail.com2, nicoescobar69@gmail.com3
Ingeniera Biomdica, Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Cali Colombia 1
Ingeniera Biomdica, Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Cali Colombia 2
Ingeniera Multimedia, Facultad de Ingeniera, Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Cali Colombia 3

ABST

RACT
This report shows the application developed in
MATLAB, which studies the behavior of basic
signs and operations (scrolling, scaling and
investment) both in variables as continuous
discrete. Finally the conclusions obtained after the
process of research and development of the
presented application are presented.

RESUMEN
Este
documento
muestra
la
aplicacin
desarrollada en MATLAB, que estudia el
comportamiento de las seales y operaciones
bsicas
(desplazamiento,
escalamiento
e
inversin), tanto en variables discretas como
continuas. Por ltimo se presentan las
conclusiones obtenidas tras el proceso de
investigacin y desarrollo de la solicitud
presentada.

INTRODUCTION

Given the vast amount of information surrounding

the new world, many times, as a matter of
practicality, that information can be represented by
a mathematical language, which, for the person
with the necessary expertise in this area, is easy to
visualize information. Signals are a way to bring
much information to the hand of the person who
needs it. Currently, in most professional fields,
signals play a very important role, there are
several examples that are engineering related, for
example, a signal AC voltage, processing both
voice and video, the behavior of physical
phenomena, thousands of examples which will not
fit more in depth in this report, but are examples
which seeks to justify the development of
applications to view this kind of phenomena in an
optimal way.
To carry out various applications within focused, as
in this case, signal handling, requires tools that
you find in the right to make different algorithms in
order to get to the end, an application that is useful
for the management of the common person, and
present various variables and facilities for the
developer. MATLAB is a mathematical tool that
offers an integrated development environment
(IDE) with its own language of programming
(language M, which is very similar to the JAVA
language) in which you can carry out the
implementation of algorithms, creation of graphical
User interfaces and communication with programs
in other languages and other hardware devices.

OBJECTIVES
This document was carried out in order to meet the
following objectives:

Know and deepen about a tool such as

MATLAB through the development of said
application, which can be exploited with
various purposes.

IEEES-1
Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Seales y Sistemas
04 de sept de 2015. Cali-Colombia.
Informe No.1

Get a knowledge base in order to deal

with issues arising in the near future.

Signals with discrete variables, are basically

functions in which the independent variable can
only take integer values (0.1, 2.3), its
nomenclature is commonly:

Image No.1 (example GUI in MATLAB)

http://m2matlabdb.ma.tum.de/download.jsp?
MC_ID=2&MP_ID=201

n for the independent variable.

x[n] for the dependent variable.

Image No.2 (E.g. signal with discrete variable)

http://apuntes-de-analisis-desistemas.webnode.es/news/diferentes-tipos-de-se
%C3%B1ales-y-ejemplos/

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
MATLAB is a mathematical software tool that
offers an integrated development environment
(IDE) with a language of its own programming
language called M.
Among its basic features are: matrix manipulation,
the representation of data and functions,
implementation of algorithms, creation of user
interfaces (GUI), which will build the report and
communication with other programs and
languages other hardware devices.

Signals with continuous variables

Signals with continuous variables, are basically
functions in which the independent variable can
take values decimal (0,123 for example), its
nomenclature, commonly is thus:

t for the independent variable.

x(t) for the dependent variable.

Signal analysis and classification of signals

processing. It is based on the results of the theory
of
information,
statistics
and
applied
mathematics .A signal is a flow of information
coming from a source, which may have a different
nature: mechanical, optical, magnetic, electric,
acoustic,... In general, to be able to be processed,
signals are transformed into electrical signals by
transducers.
For its analysis, the signals are usually modeled as
mathematical
functions.
The
most
basic
classification of signals are produced according to
their representation with respect to the variables
they depend on (time, space...).

Image No.3 (E.g. signal with continuous variable)

http://apuntes-de-analisis-desistemas.webnode.es/news/diferentes-tipos-de-se
%C3%B1ales-y-ejemplos/

Signals with discrete variables

IEEES-1
Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Seales y Sistemas
04 de sept de 2015. Cali-Colombia.
Informe No.1

Given that the application consists of several

variables to graphs such as scaling, investment
regarding axial shaft, and modification of the
amplitude, is worth viewing a little about these
changes.
Operations of the variables (continuous and
discrete):
Below are different operations (scaling, scrolling
and investment) which can be a signal for the
variable how continuous discrete.

Graphically equivalent to move the signal

(advance) left or right (delay). This is achieved by
adding to the argument of the dependent variable
values either positive (to them) or negative (to
delay them).

The function x (t) moves taking the form

x (t t0).
The function x [n] move to taking the
form x [n n0].

Investment:
This operation is basically to change the sign
of the argument of the dependent variable.
This will involve that function to reverse the
axial shaft connection.

Sea x (t), its inverse is x (-t).

Sea x [n], its inverse is x [-n].

Image No. 6. (Signal continues a offset in time).

http://apuntes-de-analisis-desistemas.webnode.es/news/diferentes-tipos-de-se
%C3%B1ales-y-ejemplos/

Image No.4 (E.g. inverted continuous signal)

http://apuntes-de-analisis-desistemas.webnode.es/news/diferentes-tipos-de-se
%C3%B1ales-y-ejemplos/

Image No.5 (E.g. inverted discrete

signal) http://apuntes-de-analisis-desistemas.webnode.es/news/diferentestipos-de-se%C3%B1ales-y-ejemplos/

Image No. 7. (Discrete signal with an offset in time).

http://apuntes-de-analisis-desistemas.webnode.es/news/diferentes-tipos-de-se
%C3%B1ales-y-ejemplos/

Scrolling:

IEEES-1
Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Seales y Sistemas
04 de sept de 2015. Cali-Colombia.
Informe No.1

Unit step function:

Scaling:

1.

A third transformation is the scaling, to scale a

signal this means that a signal x(t) is the original
signal, this signal occurs x(2t) which is the scaling
of the original signal, or in other words is twice the
signal, also gives this signal x(t) is that its the
reduction of the signal in half. In this case for
discrete signals there is no stepping in time since
there are no intermediate intervals in the signal.

Discreet:

u[n]= 0,n<0
1,n>0
2.

Continuous:

u(t)= 0,t< 0
1,t> 0

ANALYSIS

Image No. 8. (Continuous signal with scaling).

http://apuntes-de-analisis-desistemas.webnode.es/news/diferentes-tipos-de-se
%C3%B1ales-y-ejemplos/

the interface has different options where the user

can choose the parameters of the signal as is the
amplitude of it and the operation to be performed,
either scaling, reverse or displace the signal is
required to be continuous or discrete, in the same
interface the two signals are handled, as it's shown
in the following.

FUNCTIONS
There are some basic functions in continuous and
discrete signals such as unitary impulse and the
step unit, these two functions are analyses through
a program to see if behavior.

Function push unit:

1.

Discreet:

[n]= 0,n 0
1,n=0
2.

Continuous:

(t)= 0,t 0
1,t=0

Image No. 9. (User Interface). authorship own image

Below are several examples of operations carried

out the Interfax with several signs and signal
pulses.
The following picture shows how it is invested,
moves and spreads the continuous signal with an
amplitude of unit 10, this is achieved by scaling
processes, investment and movement above and
the original signal.

IEEES-1
Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Seales y Sistemas
04 de sept de 2015. Cali-Colombia.
Informe No.1

Image No. 12. (inverted continuous signal pulse.).

Authorship own image
Image No. 10. (inverted staggered and shifted signal.).
authorship own image

The following image shows the displacement of a

discrete signal.

Image No. 11. (displaced discrete signal.). authorship own

image

The next picture we see a pulse of the original

discrete signal and the signal which is applied
to the operation of scaling and offset.

Image No. 13. (inverted discrete signal pulse.). Authorship

own image

And as a last example, we see a continuous signal

displaced, so in this way we could see each and
every one of the possible combinations that can be
accomplished with interface for either a signal or a
continuous or discrete pulse.

In the next picture we see a continuous pulse

signal inverted and the original pulse of the signal.

Image No. 14. (continuous signal displaced.). Authorship

own image

CONCLUSIONS
5

IEEES-1
Universidad Autnoma de Occidente, Seales y Sistemas
04 de sept de 2015. Cali-Colombia.
Informe No.1

The themes of the first module of the course, seen

in class, where they were implemented through
practice using the program MATLAB, where it was
possible to understand a little more the signal
behavior and basic operations with the same
applied.
Both observed as the impulse signal how
continuous discrete handled the same behavior, in
terms of its modification in the axis of the
independent variable, although they are used for
different purposes.
It is appreciated as the study of the signals
regarding modification of the independent variable
is important and necessary to understand how
today develop many of the technological
inventions and leisure.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Seales y Sistemas segunda edicin Alan V.
Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky.
[2] Introduccin a las seales y sistemas, f.
JAVIER ACEVEDO Universidad de Alcal.
[3] Hwei Hsu - Schaum's Outline of Signals and
Systems McGraw Hill.
[4] MathLab
http://nereida.deioc.ull.es/~pcgull/ihiu01/cdrom/mat
lab/contenido/node2.html

The ease of processing of signals through the

MATLAB program, helped us to see the more
detailed of each of the basic functions, behavior as
well as perform transformations and analyze their
behavior of how continuous discrete variable.
It was concluded that the MATLAB tool is effective
and useful for the study and management of
signals.