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The ANSI pump is designed and built to the dimensional standards of the American
National Standards Institute. Over the years, the ANSI pump has become the preferred
style of end suction pumps, not only for chemical process applications, but also for
water and other less aggressive services. The Standard provides for dimensional
interchangeability of pumps from one manufacturer to another.
Case Designs
Both styles are of a single stage design with a radially split casing to accommodate a
back pullout arrangement for ease of maintenance.
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Most ANSI pumps, and some API pumps, employ a single volute design in the interior
passages of the casing. This is particularly evident in the smaller sizes that involve low
flow rates and lower specific speeds of the impeller.
As shown in Figure 1, the area of the volute increases at a rate that is proportional to the
rate of discharge from the impeller, thus producing a constant velocity at the periphery
of the impeller. This velocity energy is then changed into pressure energy by the time
the fluid enters the discharge nozzle.
In the ANSI design shown in Figure 3, the back cover and gasket is held against the
pump casing by the bearing frame adaptor, which is most frequently supplied in cast
iron. This usually results in a gap between the mating faces of the frame adaptor and
the pump casing that has the potential to permit uneven torquing of the bolts. This may
cause a fracture of the adaptor in the event of a higher than normal pressurization of the
casing by the process system.
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by Ross Mackay
The API design in Figure 4 bolts the back cover directly to the casing and uses a
confined, controlled compression gasket with metal to metal fits. The adaptor is bolted
independently to the back cover and does not play a part in the pressure boundary of
the pump casing.
Mounting Feet
Another difference between the two pump styles is the configuration of the mounting
feet. All ANSI pump casings are mounted on feet projecting from the underside of the
casing and bolted to the baseplate. If these pumps are used on high temperature
applications, the casing will expand upwards from the mounting feet and cause severe
thermal stresses in the casing which will detrimentally affect the reliability of the pump.
Operation at lower temperatures will not be affected by this feature.
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On the other hand, API pumps are mounted at the horizontal centerline of the casing on
feet projecting from each side of the casing and bolted to pedestals which form part of
the baseplate. This arrangement provides the API pump with the advantage of being
able to operate with pumpage at elevated temperatures. As the pump comes up to
temperature in such cases, any expansion of the metal will be above and below the
casing centerline and will exert minimal amounts of stress to the casing, thus
contributing to the optimum reliability of the pump.
The ability to handle higher temperature services is also evident in the bearing housings
of the API pumps, which tend to be much more robust in design and also accommodate
cooling jackets with a greater capacity of cooling water.
Lets get practical. By keeping these factors in mind during the selection process, you
can finish up with the correct pump design that has been properly selected to provide a
profitable and reliable operating system.
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