Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Cours de Reseaux
Tuyet Tram DANG NGOC
<dntt@u-cergy.fr>
Universit
e de Cergy-Pontoise
20122013
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
1 / 31
Plan
1
Hierarchie DNS
Domaines de premier niveau
Adressage DNS
Resolution inverse
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
2 / 31
Hierarchie DNS
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
3 / 31
Nommage
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
pontoise
soleil
pegase
www
ftp
shiva
machine138
machine139
4 / 31
Nommage
193.54.113.3
193.51.24.1
193.51.25.192
74.125.43.104
195.83.118.1
134.157.0.129
194.167.235.138
194.167.235.139
pontoise
soleil
pegase
www
ftp
shiva
machine138
machine139
4 / 31
Japon
USA
France
Marseilles Lyon
Paris
Palo Alto
New York
Fleur Zola
3
Voltaire
1
admin
3
BurkinaFaso
3
3 rue Zola
3 rue Zola `a Paris
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
5 / 31
mil
ucergy
fr
free
be
gov
uvsq
org
machine139
hp intel
linux w3 eu
www db
ens
com
edu
linux
centre
net
www
news
www
www
www.linux
www.linux.org
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
5 / 31
TLD
mil
ucergy
fr
free
be
gov
org
edu
com
net
uvsq
hp intel google
linux w3 eu
www db
bibu2 etu deptinfo cdc soleil prism admin ens
linux
www
news
machine139
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
centre
www
5 / 31
FQDN
Format FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name - Nom de Domaine
Totalement Qualifie)
Noms absolus (FQDN) :
pegase.prism.uvsq.fr.
www.u-cergy.fr.
triton.cdc.u-cergy.fr.
soleil.uvsq.fr.
Noms relatifs
triton (domaine courant : cdc.u-cergy.fr)
triton.cdc (domaine courant : u-cergy.fr)
soleil (domaine courant : uvsq.fr)
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
6 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
Hierarchie DNS
Domaines de premier niveau
Adressage DNS
Resolution inverse
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
7 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
Serveurs racines
Machines *.root-servers.net.
adresses diffusees et connues par tous les serveurs DNS
13 adresses IP seulement pour gerer la racine (en fait des adresses
anycast...)
Serveur
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
Nb sites
6
1
6
1
1
49
6
1
34
70
18
3
6
Op
erateur
VeriSign, Inc.
Information Sciences Institute
Cogent Communications
University of Maryland
NASA Ames Research Center
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
U.S. DOD Network Information Center
U.S. Army Research Lab
Autonomica
VeriSign, Inc.
RIPE NCC
ICANN
WIDE Project
adresse IP
198.41.0.4
192.228.79.201
192.33.4.12
128.8.10.90
192.203.230.10
192.5.5.241
192.112.36.4
128.63.2.53
192.36.148.17
192.58.128.30
193.0.14.129
199.7.83.42
202.12.27.33
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
8 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
Top-Level domains
com
net
org
gov
mil
edu
arpa
pays (deux lettres)
.aero
.biz
.coop
.info
.int
.museum
.name
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
societes privees
organisation de reseaux
autres organisations
agences gouvernementales (US)
departement defense (US)
universite (US)
domaine de service
toutes organisations dans le pays
Aviation
Business Organizations
Co-Operative Organizations
Open TLD
International Organizations
Museums
Personal
Service de noms (DNS)
9 / 31
Suffixe
.ac
.ad
.ae
.af
.ag
.ai
.al
.am
.an
.ao
.aq
.ar
.as
.at
.au
.aw
.az
.ax
.ba
.bb
.bd
.be
.bf
.bg
.bh
.bi
.bj
.bm
.bn
.bo
.br
Description
Ascension Island
Andorra
United Arab Emirates
Afghanistan
Antigua and Barbuda
Anguilla
Albania
Armenia
Netherlands Antilles
Angola
Antarctica
Argentina
American Samoa
Austria
Australia
Aruba
Azerbaijan
Aland Islands
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Barbados
Bangladesh
Belgium
Burkina Faso
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Burundi
Benin
Bermuda
Brunei Darussalam
Bolivia
Brazil
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
Hi
erarchie DNS
Domaines de premier niveau
Suffixe
Description
.bs
Bahamas
.bt
Bhutan
.bv
Bouvet Island
.bw
Botswana
.by
Belarus
.bz
Belize
.ca
Canada
.cc
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
.cd
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the
.cf
Central African Republic
.cg
Congo, Republic of
.ch
Switzerland
.ci
Cote dIvoire
.ck
Cook Islands
.cl
Chile
.cm
Cameroon
.cn
China
.co
Colombia
.cr
Costa Rica
.cs
Serbia and Montenegro
.cu
Cuba
.cv
Cape Verde
.cx
Christmas Island
.cy
Cyprus
.cz
Czech Republic
.de
Germany
.dj
Djibouti
.dk
Denmark
.dm
Dominica
.do
Dominican Republic
.dz
Algeria
9 / 31
Suffixe
.ec
.ee
.eg
.eh
.er
.es
.et
.eu
.fi
.fj
.fk
.fm
.fo
.fr
.ga
.gb
.gd
.ge
.gf
.gg
.gh
.gi
.gl
.gm
.gn
.gp
.gq
.gr
.gs
.gt
.gu
Hi
erarchie DNS
Description
Ecuador
Estonia
Egypt
Western Sahara
Eritrea
Spain
Ethiopia
European Union
Finland
Fiji
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Micronesia, Federal State of
Faroe Islands
France
Gabon
United Kingdom
Grenada
Georgia
French Guiana
Guernsey
Ghana
Gibraltar
Greenland
Gambia
Guinea
Guadeloupe
Equatorial Guinea
Greece
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Guatemala
Guam
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Hong Kong
Heard and McDonald Islands
Honduras
Croatia/Hrvatska
Haiti
Hungary
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Isle of Man
India
British Indian Ocean Territory
Iraq
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iceland
Italy
Jersey
Jamaica
Jordan
Japan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Comoros
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Korea, Democratic Peoples Republic
Korea, Republic of
Kuwait
9 / 31
Suffixe
.ky
.kz
.la
.lb
.lc
.li
.lk
.lr
.ls
.lt
.lu
.lv
.ly
.ma
.mc
.md
.mg
.mh
.mk
.ml
.mm
.mn
.mo
.mp
.mq
.mr
.ms
.mt
.mu
.mv
.mw
Hi
erarchie DNS
Description
Cayman Islands
Kazakhstan
Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
Lebanon
Saint Lucia
Liechtenstein
Sri Lanka
Liberia
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Morocco
Monaco
Moldova, Republic of
Madagascar
Marshall Islands
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Mali
Myanmar
Mongolia
Macau
Northern Mariana Islands
Martinique
Mauritania
Montserrat
Malta
Mauritius
Maldives
Malawi
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
Adressage DNS
.mx
.my
.mz
.na
.nc
.ne
.nf
.ng
.ni
.nl
.no
.np
.nr
.nu
.nz
.om
.pa
.pe
.pf
.pg
.ph
.pk
.pl
.pm
.pn
.pr
.ps
.pt
.pw
.py
.qa
Mexico
Malaysia
Mozambique
Namibia
New Caledonia
Niger
Norfolk Island
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Netherlands
Norway
Nepal
Nauru
Niue
New Zealand
Oman
Panama
Peru
French Polynesia
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Pakistan
Poland
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Pitcairn Island
Puerto Rico
Palestinian Territories
Portugal
Palau
Paraguay
Qatar
10 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
Suffixe
.re
.ro
.ru
.rw
.sa
.sb
.sc
.sd
.se
.sg
.sh
.si
.sj
.sk
.sl
.sm
.sn
.so
.sr
.st
.sv
.sy
.sz
.tc
.td
.tf
.tg
.th
.tj
.tk
.tl
Description
Reunion Island
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Solomon Islands
Seychelles
Sudan
Sweden
Singapore
Saint Helena
Slovenia
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Slovak Republic
Sierra Leone
San Marino
Senegal
Somalia
Suriname
Sao Tome and Principe
El Salvador
Syrian Arab Republic
Swaziland
Turks and Caicos Islands
Chad
French Southern Territories
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Tokelau
Timor-Leste
.tm
.tn
.to
.tp
.tr
.tt
.tv
.tw
.tz
.ua
.ug
.uk
.um
.us
.uy
.uz
.va
.vc
.ve
.vg
.vi
.vn
.vu
.wf
.ws
.ye
.yt
.yu
.za
.zm
.zw
Adressage DNS
Turkmenistan
Tunisia
Tonga
East Timor
Turkey
Trinidad and Tobago
Tuvalu
Taiwan
Tanzania
Ukraine
Uganda
United Kingdom
United States Minor Outlying Islands
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Holy See (Vatican City State)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Venezuela
Virgin Islands, British
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Vietnam
Vanuatu
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Western Samoa
Yemen
Mayotte
Yugoslavia
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
10 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
Adressage DNS
Zone
mil
ucergy
fr
free
be
gov
uvsq
org
machine139
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
hp intel
linux w3 eu
www db
ens
com
edu
linux
centre
net
www
news
www
11 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
Adressage DNS
Zone
mil
fr
be
gov
zone .
org
edu
com
net
zone fr.
ucergy
free
uvsq
hp intel
linux w3 eu
www
db
zone uvsq.fr.
ens
linux
www
news
zone prism.uvsq.fr.
machine139
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
centre
www
11 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
Adressage DNS
Zone
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
12 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
R
esolution inverse
Resolution inverse
.
fr
ucergy
cdc
berlin
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
pontoise
uvsq
soleil
ens
alsace
prism
13 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
R
esolution inverse
Resolution inverse
.
arpa
fr
ucergy
cdc
berlin
pontoise
inaddr
uvsq
ens
soleil
alsace
prism
centre
193
gibet
24
51
25
1 3 192 6
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
54
26
113
13 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
R
esolution inverse
Resolution inverse
.
arpa
fr
ucergy
cdc
berlin
pontoise
inaddr
uvsq
soleil
ens
alsace
prism
193
24
51
25
1 3 192 6
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
54
26
113
13 / 31
Hi
erarchie DNS
R
esolution inverse
Resolution inverse
.
zone .
arpa
fr
ucergy
cdc
berlin
pontoise
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
inaddr
uvsq
soleil
ens
alsace
prism
193
51
24
25
3 192 6
zone arpa.
zone inaddr.arpa.
54
26
zone 193.inaddr.arpa.
113
zone 54.193.inaddr.arpa.
5
zone 113.54.193.inaddr.arpa.
13 / 31
Enregistrement de ressources
Hierarchie DNS
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
14 / 31
Enregistrement de ressources
Resolution de nom
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
15 / 31
Enregistrement de ressources
Resource records
nom (relatif
ou FQDN)
nom zone
type
de ressources
SOA
nom zone
NS
nom zone
MX pref.
donnees de la ressources
nom machine A
nom machine HINFO
nom aliase
CNAME
adresse IP
PTR
(format
FQDN)
Le Tuy
nom
est donne soit sous forme
FQDN (ne pas oublier le . final), soit
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
Service de noms (DNS)
16 / 31
Enregistrement de ressources
ynchronisation des
rveurs de noms
uvsq.fr.
erveur de noms
uvsq.fr.
IN
uvsq.fr.
IN
uvsq.fr.
IN
uvsq.fr.
IN
lune.uvsq.fr.
IN
neptune.uvsq.fr. IN
nova.uvsq.fr.
IN
www.uvsq.fr. IN
ftp.uvsq.fr.
IN
nova.uvsq.fr.
IN
erveur de mails
esolution dadresse
solution dAlias
anonical name)
formations
dirses
IN SOA
NS
NS
MX
MX
A
A
A
CNAME
CNAME
HINFO
soleil.uvsq.fr. hostmaster.uvsq.fr.
20041210 ; 3600 ; 900 ; 3600000
3600 )
soleil.uvsq.fr.
shiva.jussieu.fr.
100 soleil.uvsq.fr.
200 titan.uvsq.fr.
193.51.24.5
193.51.24.18
193.51.24.2
neptune.uvsq.fr.
nova.uvsq.fr.
Serveur FreeBSD
17 / 31
Enregistrement de ressources
IN
SOA
soleil.ecole.fr.
hostmaster.ecole.fr. (
20041210
; Num
ero de serie de la derni`
ere modification
3600
; Dur
ee du cycle de rafraichissement
900
; P
eriode avant nouvelle tentative
3600000
; Dur
ee dexpiration
3600 )
; Dur
ee de vie des enregistrements (cache)
; serveur de nom
ecole.fr.
IN
NS
soleil.ecole.fr.
ecole.fr.
IN
NS
krypton.autre-ecole.com.
; MX record
ecole.fr.
IN
MX
50 athena.labo.ecole.fr.
ecole.fr.
IN
MX
100 darkvador.autre-boite.fr.
; R
esolution de noms
athena.labo.ecole.fr. IN A 187.17.12.1
zeus.labo.ecole.fr. IN A 187.17.12.2
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
18 / 31
Enregistrement de ressources
Resolution inverse
conversion dadresse IP en noms
Sur le serveur de nom de la zone 24.51.193.in-addr.arpa.
Serveur de 24.51.193.in-addr.arpa. IN NS
soleil.uvsq.fr.
noms
Resolution
2
IN PTR nova.uvsq.fr.
inverse
5
IN PTR lune.uvsq.fr
18
IN PTR neptune.uvsq.fr.
ou en FQDN
Serveur de 24.51.193.in-addr.arpa.
IN NS
soleil.uvsq.fr.
noms
2.24.51.193.in-addr.arpa.
IN PTR nova.uvsq.fr.
5.24.51.193.in-addr.arpa.
IN PTR lune.uvsq.fr.
18.24.51.193.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR neptune.uvsq.fr.
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
19 / 31
D
eroulement dune r
esolution DNS
Hierarchie DNS
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
20 / 31
D
eroulement dune r
esolution DNS
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
c.nic.fr 192.134.0.129
hints (serveurs racines)
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
b.rootservers.net 192.228.79.201
c.rootservers.net 192.33.4.12
193.51.24.1
Je cherche rsoudre
depinfo.ucergy.fr.
berlin.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.5
193.51.25.3
/etc/resolv.conf
# Mon serveur DNS a interroger
nameserver 193.51.24.1
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
21 / 31
D
eroulement dune r
esolution DNS
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
c.nic.fr 192.134.0.129
hints (serveurs racines)
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
b.rootservers.net 192.228.79.201
c.rootservers.net 192.33.4.12
193.51.24.1
q=A
depinfo.ucergy.fr
Je cherche rsoudre
depinfo.ucergy.fr.
berlin.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.5
193.51.25.3
/etc/resolv.conf
# Mon serveur DNS a interroger
nameserver 193.51.24.1
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
21 / 31
D
eroulement dune r
esolution DNS
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
q=ns
fr.
a.nic.fr 192.93.0.129
b.ext.nic.fr 192.228.90.21
c.nic.fr 192.134.0.129
c.nic.fr 192.134.0.129
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
b.rootservers.net 192.228.79.201
c.rootservers.net 192.33.4.12
193.51.24.1
Je cherche rsoudre
depinfo.ucergy.fr.
berlin.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.5
193.51.25.3
/etc/resolv.conf
# Mon serveur DNS a interroger
nameserver 193.51.24.1
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
21 / 31
D
eroulement dune r
esolution DNS
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
c.nic.fr 192.134.0.129
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
b.rootservers.net 192.228.79.201
c.rootservers.net 192.33.4.12
q=ns
ucergy.fr.
berlin.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.5
pontoise.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.3
193.51.24.1
Je cherche rsoudre
depinfo.ucergy.fr.
berlin.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.5
193.51.25.3
/etc/resolv.conf
# Mon serveur DNS a interroger
nameserver 193.51.24.1
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
21 / 31
D
eroulement dune r
esolution DNS
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
c.nic.fr 192.134.0.129
hints (serveurs racines)
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
b.rootservers.net 192.228.79.201
c.rootservers.net 192.33.4.12
193.51.24.1
q=A
depinfo.ucergy.fr
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
Je cherche rsoudre
depinfo.ucergy.fr.
berlin.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.5
193.51.25.3
/etc/resolv.conf
# Mon serveur DNS a interroger
nameserver 193.51.24.1
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
21 / 31
D
eroulement dune r
esolution DNS
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
q=ns
fr.
c.nic.fr 192.134.0.129
a.rootservers.net 198.41.0.4
b.rootservers.net 192.228.79.201
c.rootservers.net 192.33.4.12
193.51.24.1
?
Je cherche rsoudre
depinfo.ucergy.fr.
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
berlin.cdc.ucergy.fr 193.54.113.5
193.51.25.3
/etc/resolv.conf
# Mon serveur DNS a interroger
nameserver 193.51.24.1
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
depinfo.ucergy.fr 194.167.235.145
21 / 31
Protocole DNS
Hierarchie DNS
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
22 / 31
Protocole DNS
16
24
IDENTIFICATION
PARAMETERS
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS
NB. OF ANSWERS
NB. OF AUTHORITY
NB. OF ADDITIONAL
31
QUESTION SECTION
ANSWER SECTION
AUTHORITY SECTION
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
23 / 31
Protocole DNS
16
24
31
QUERY CLASS
16
24
31
CLASS
TIME TO LIVE
RESOURCE DATA
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
24 / 31
Protocole DNS
Echange
de paquets DNS
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
25 / 31
Outils DNS
Hierarchie DNS
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
26 / 31
Outils DNS
Outils DNS
Serveur DNS :
ISC bind 9
Microsoft DNS
PowerDNS
IPControl
...
Client DNS :
nslookup (mode interactif ou non interactif)
dig
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
27 / 31
Outils DNS
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
28 / 31
Outils DNS
29 / 31
Cr
edits
Hierarchie DNS
Enregistrement de ressources
Protocole DNS
Outils DNS
Credits
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
30 / 31
Cr
edits
Credits I
Tuy
et Tr
am DANG NGOC
31 / 31