Test Review Chapters 10-12

(Phases of Matter & Kinetic Theory)

The first page of the test will be matching. Any or all definitions given
in the notes or book are fair game.
Any of the questions or type of problems from the home work or book
are also fair game for the test.
For sure you should be able to :
1. Be able to list the three assumption of Kinetic Theory
1. Matter is composed of tiny particles.
2. Particles of matter are in continual motion.
3. Total kinetic energy of colliding particles
remains constant.
2. Convert temperatures
3. Be able to explain kinetic theory and its relations with the phases
4. Be able to explain the Kinetic Theory of Pressure and the
relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume. [W.S. 101]
5. Describe the nature of each phase of matter (solid, liquid, & gas)
6. Be able to work any type of problem concerning pressure,
volume, and temperature. [W.S. 10-2, 10-3,10-4]
7. Know the Boiling point and freezing point of Water in all
three temperature scales.
Freezing point
Boiling point

32o F

0o C 273 K
212o F

100oC372 K

8. Be familiar with STP:

Standard temperature and pressure
273 K
760 mm or 1 atm
9. Relate kinetic theory to a real life.
9. Be able to answer any questions from the rest of this review.

Chapter 10
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1. According to the kinetic-molecular theory, particles of matter

a. are in constant motion.
c. have different colors.
b. have different shapes.
d. are always fluid.
2. The kinetic-molecular theory explains the behavior of
a. gases only.
c. liquids and gases.
b. solids and liquids.
d. solids, liquids, and gases.
3. According to the kinetic-molecular theory, which substances are made of
particles?
a. ideal gases only
c. all matter
b. all gases
d. all matter except solids
4. Which is an example of gas diffusion?
a. inflating a flat tire
b. the odor of perfume spreading throughout a room
c. a cylinder of oxygen stored under high pressure
d. All of the above
5. By which process do gases take the shape of their container?
a. evaporation
c. adhesion
b. expansion
d. diffusion
6. If a gas with an odor is released in a room, it quickly can be detected across
the room because it
a. diffuses.
c. is compressed.
b. is dense.
d. condenses.
7. According to the kinetic-molecular theory, how does a gas expand?
a. Its particles become larger.
b. Collisions between particles become elastic.
c. Its temperature rises.
d. Its particles move greater distances.
8. Which is an example of effusion?
a. air slowly escaping from a pinhole in a tire
b. the aroma of a cooling pie spreading across a room
c. helium dispersing into a room after a balloon pops
d. oxygen and gasoline fumes mixing in an automobile carburetor
9. What happens to the volume of a gas during compression?
a. The volume increases.
b. The volume decreases.
c. The volume remains constant.
d. It is impossible to tell because all gases are different.
10. Pressure is the force per unit
a. volume.
c. length.
b. surface area.
d. depth.

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____ 11. What does the constant bombardment of gas molecules against the inside
walls of a container produce?
a. temperature
c. pressure
b. density
d. diffusion
____ 12. Why does a can collapse when a vacuum pump removes air from the can?
a. The inside and outside forces balance out and crush the can.
b. The unbalanced outside force from atmospheric pressure crushes the
can.
c. The atmosphere exerts pressure on the inside of the can and crushes it.
d. The vacuum pump creates a force that crushes the can.
____ 13. Standard temperature is exactly
a. 100C.
c. 0C.
b. 273C.
d. 0 K.
____ 14. Standard pressure is the pressure exerted by a column of mercury exactly
a. 273 mm high.
c. 760 cm high.
b. 760 mm high.
d. 1.00 m high.
____ 15. Standard pressure is exactly
a. 1 atm.
c. 101.325 atm.
b. 760 atm.
d. 101 atm.
____ 16. If the temperature of a fixed quantity and volume of gas changes, what also
changes?
a. pressure
c. mass
b. density
d. formula
____ 17. To study the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas,
which factor must be held constant?
a. elasticity
c. kinetic energy
b. fluidity
d. pressure
____ 18. Why does the air pressure inside the tires of a car increase when the car is
driven?
a. Some of the air has leaked out.
b. The air particles collide with the tire after the car is in motion.
c. The air particles inside the tire increase their speed because their
temperature rises.
d. The atmosphere compresses the tire.
____ 19. Pressure and volume changes at a constant temperature can be calculated
using
a. Boyle's law.
c. Kelvin's law.
b. Charles's law.
d. Dalton's law.
____ 20. Who developed the concept that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is
the sum of their partial pressures?
a. Charles
c. Kelvin
b. Boyle
d. Dalton
Short Answer
21. Why are gases described as fluid?
22. What are standard temperature and pressure? Why was a standard needed?

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Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or
question.
____ 1. Compared with the particles in a gas, the particles in a liquid
a. have more energy.
c. move around less.
b. are larger.
d. are farther apart.
____ 2. The compressibility of a liquid is generally
a. less than that of a gas.
c. equal to that of a gas.
b. more than that of a gas.
d. zero.
____ 3. The attractive forces in a liquid are
a. strong enough to prevent the particles from changing positions.
b. too weak to hold the particles in fixed positions.
c. more effective than those in a solid.
d. too weak to limit the movements of the particles.
____ 4. The particles in a liquid are usually
a. closer together and lower in energy than those in a solid.
b. farther apart and higher in energy than those in a gas.
c. closer together and lower in energy than those in a gas.
d. farther apart and lower in energy than those in a solid.
____ 5. Which term best describes the process by which particles escape from the
surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state?
a. vaporization
c. surface tension
b. evaporation
d. aeration
____ 6. What is the physical change of a liquid to a solid by the removal of heat?
a. solidification
c. freezing
b. particle arrangement
d. both a and c
____ 7. Particles within a solid
a. do not move.
c. vibrate energetically.
b. vibrate weakly about fixed
d. exchange positions easily.
positions.
____ 8. Forces holding particles together are strongest in a
a. solid.
c. gas.
b. liquid.
d. vapor.
____ 9. The energy level of the particles in a solid is
a. higher than the energy of the particles in a gas.
b. high enough to allow the particles to interchange with other particles.
c. higher than the energy of the particles in a liquid.
d. lower than the energy of the particles in liquids and gases.
____ 10. Compared with the particles in a liquid, the particles in a solid usually are
a. higher in energy.
c. more massive.
b. closer together.
d. more fluid.
____ 11. The compressibility of solids is generally
a. lower than the compressibility of liquids and gases.
b. higher than the compressibility of liquids.
c. about equal to the compressibility of liquids.
d. zero.
____ 12. Solids have a definite volume because
a. the particles do not have a tendency to change positions.
b. the particles are far apart.
c. they can be easily compressed.

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d. the energy of the particles is high.
____ 13. In general, most substances are
a. least dense in the liquid state.
c. less dense as solids than as
liquids.
b. more dense as gases than as
d. most dense in the solid state.
solids.
____ 14. The rate of diffusion in solids is very low because the
a. particles are not free to move
c. attractive forces are weak.
about.
b. surfaces of solids usually contact d. melting points are high.
gases.
____ 15. Compared with gases, solids are
a. more easily compressed.
c. lower in density.
b. more likely to diffuse.
d. incompressible.
____ 16. Which of the following properties do solids share with liquids?
a. fluidity
c. definite volume
b. definite shape
d. slow rate of diffusion
____ 17. What causes the high density of solids?
a. The particles are more massive than those in liquids.
b. The intermolecular forces between particles are weak.
c. The particles are packed closely together.
d. The energy of the particles is very high.
____ 18. Compared with a crystalline solid, the particles in an amorphous solid
a. occur in a random pattern.
b. occur in a definite, three-dimensional arrangement.
c. consist of molecular sheets.
d. have a more complex unit cell.
____ 19. As the atmospheric pressure on the surface of a liquid decreases, its boiling
point
a. decreases.
c. remains unchanged.
b. increases.
d. shows no correlation.
____ 20. Why are water molecules polar?
a. They contain two kinds of atoms.
b. The electrons in the covalent bonds spend more time closer to the
oxygen nucleus.
c. The hydrogen bonds are weak.
d. They have covalent bonds.
____ 21. What is the freezing point of water at standard pressure?
a. 10C
c. 4C
b. 0C
d. 32C
____ 22. Why doesn't water in lakes and ponds of temperate climates freeze solid
during the winter and kill nearly all the living things it contains?
a. Water is colorless.
b. Ice floats.
c. The molar heat of fusion of ice is relatively low.
d. Water contracts as it freezes.
Short Answer
23. How are vaporization and evaporation related?