4

Channel Islands

St.-Brieuc

Bay of
Biscay

la Rochelle

la Rochesur-Yon

St.-Nazaire
Nantes

Belle
le

Bretagne

Quimper

Lorient

Brest

Angers

Laval

Rennes

St.-Malo

Calais

Se

Rouen

So

Boulognesur-Mer
Dieppe

oi
re

Poitiers

Tours

65

NETHERLANDS

Lille

Beauvais

Marn

Reims

Laon

IU

Auxerre

ne

Nancy

Metz

SWITZERLAND

Belfort

Mulhouse

Colmar

Strasbourg

Thionville

LUXEMBOURG

pinal
Vesoul
Nevers Dijon
Besanon
Chteauroux Moulins

ur

GERMANY
Champagne bottles are placed
neck down into a freezing brine
bath (bac glace), freezing
only the bottles neck to form
a plug that keeps the wine
and the bubbles in the bottle
while sediments are removed.

Barle-Duc

n
og

Troyes

Chlonsen-Champagne

PARIS

LG

Douai

Amiens

Arras

BE

Dunkerque

Tunnel

Work began on the 31-mile (50-km) Channel Tunnel in 1987.

Earth was removed at the rate of 2400 tons (tonnes) a day
until completion, seven years later. Around 10.5 million
cu yards (8 million cu m) had been excavated.
76
Channel

North Sea

Orlans

Bourges

Blois

Le Mans

Mantes-la-Jolie
Alenon
Versailles
Chartres

Caen
Normandie

Le Havre

Cherbourg

Channel

St.-L

English

Guernsey
(British Crown
Dependencies) Jersey
le dOuessant

71

On July 1, 1916, the British suffered 58,000

casualties on the opening day of the Somme
Offensive. Five months later, after advancing
only a few miles, there had been 420,000 British,
200,000 French, and 500,000 German casualties.

K I N G D O M

U N I T E D

71

Bo

ne

elle

Sa

use

ge

Mos

Vos

72

France, Andorra & Monaco

EUROPE

Tarbes

0 miles

100

100

R h ne

Aix-en-

MONACO

84

Mediterranean Sea

One of historys great leaders,

Napoleon Bonaparte, was born
on August 15, 1769, at Ajaccio
in Corsica.

The word denim comes from de Nmes,

this being the town where the fabric was
originally produced.

Golfe
du Lion

84

Balearic
Islands

The lowest point in Andorra is Riu Runer,

at 2756 ft (840m) above sea level.

S P A I N

0 km

75

Nmes
Toulouse
Montpellier

Sardinia

Ajaccio

Corse
(Corsica)
78

Bastia

Provence
MONACO
Arles
r e Carcassonne
Bziers
Cannes Nice
r
n e
Azu
Narbonne
Marseille
'
d
e
t
C
Ligurian
e s Perpignan
Toulon les
ANDORRA
Sea
ANDORRA
dHyres

LA VELLA
The Tour de France
bicycle race is typically held over
some 20 day-long stages covering
around 2200 miles (3600 km) for
the coveted yellow jersey.

ne

on

In 2010, an 1869
Lake
Saintes
Mcon
Limoges Vichy
Geneva
Chteau Lafite,
Angoulme
was sold at
Roanne
Villeurbanne Mont Blanc
Clermont15,771ft (4807m)
auction for
Annecy
Lyon
Ferrand St.-Chamond
US$233,972,
Prigueux
making it the
St.-tienne Chambry
Massif
Bordeaux D o r d o g n e
most expensive
Aurillac
ITAL
le Puy
Ga
bottle of wine
Lot
r
Grenoble
Central
Valence
in the world.
Cahors
Rodez
Mende
Mont-de-Marsan
Agen
Montauban r n
s
Ta
Bayonne
ne
Auch
n
e
Albi
Avignon Provence
C v
Pau

EUROPE

73