BUSINESS ECONOMICS

AFTERSCHOOL
DEVELOPING CHANGE MAKERS
CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
PGPSE PROGRAMME
World Most Comprehensive programme in social
entrepreneurship & spiritual entrepreneurship
OPEN FOR ALL FREE FOR ALL

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Dr. T.K. Jain.

AFTERSCHOOL
Centre for social entrepreneurship
Bikaner M: 9414430763
tkjainbkn@yahoo.co.in
www.afterschool.tk, www.afterschoool.tk
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

IN WHICH MARKET THERE ARE

NO ENTRY OR EXIT BARRIERS?
Perfect Competition

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

In which market, there are

homogenous products?
Perfect market

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

In which market, you cannot decide

price?
Perfect market

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

In which market, there are infinite

number buyers and sellers?
Perfect market

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

The MC curve in perfect market

reflects one more curve, what is
that?
Supply curve

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

If I sell 100 items for Rs. 40 each,

and 101st at Rs. 30, what is MR and
AR at 101st item sale?
MR = 30
AR = TOTAL REVENUE / TOTAL UNITS
=(40*100 + 30) / 101 = 39.9 answer.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

My AR is 24, MR=20, AC = 19, MC

= 17. Total production = 120 units.
What is my profit? Should I produce
more?

Profit = (AR AC ) * no. of units

=(24 19 ) * 120
=600 answer.
Yes we should produce more, till MR =
MC.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

My TR = 23000, MC = 21, AC = 22,

No. of Units are 1000. The firm is in
equilibrium. What is profit, MR, AR?
Profit = TR TC =23000- 22000 = 1000
Or (AR AC) * 1000 = (23 -22)*1000 =
1000
AR = Total Revenue / No. of units
=23000/1000 = 23
MR is 21 (MR = MC, because the firm is in
equilibrium). AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
www.afterschoool.t
k

ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

What is my AR, MR & TR, if my

profit is 2500, Total cost is 10000,
AC is 100. the cost of last item
produced was 95. The firm is in
equilibrium.
No. of units produced = TC / AC =
10000/100 = 100
TR = TC + profit = 10000+2500 = 12500
AR = TR / No. of units = 12500/100 = 125
MR = MC, so MR = 95 answer.
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

What is the equilibrium of the

industry?
When all the firms are earning normal
profit and there is no entry and exit, it is
equilibrium of the industry

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

What is the equilibrium of the firm

in the long run?
LMC=MR=LAC= LOWEST SMC

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

WHAT IS EQUILIBRIUM OF THE

MONOPOLIST?
MR = MC
MC CURVE CUTS MR CURVE FROM
BOTTOM

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

I HAVE TWO MARKETS, WHICH

ARE FAR APART, HAVE
DIFFERENT ELASTICITIES,
WHAT SHOULD I DO?
I can go for price discrimination.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

In which market, do we have non

price competition?
Monopolistic competition

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

When will there be equilibrium?

Price

Demand

supply

1000

130

400

400

100

1000

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Solution .
Equilibrium is at price 7 answer.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

What is your economic cost:

Labour cost : Rs. 50000
Raw material cost : 100000
You have invested your 400000 in the
business, which could have given you
10% return easily
If you had worked elsewhere, you could
have earned Rs. 4 Lakhs per annum.
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Solution ..
(50000 + 100000+ 40000+ 400000)
= 5,90,000 answer.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

What is the market structure of

telecom industry in India, which
following structure:

Airtel : 34%
Reliance :18%
Vodafone : 18%
BSNL : 10%
Others: Remaining
SOLUTION:
Oligopoly

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Which industries are reserved for

public sector ?
Atomic energy
Rail transport
Substances related to atomic energy

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Which of the following is false?

1. Bank rate has reduced over last one
decade
2. CRR and SLR have reduced over last
decade
3. PLR is set by RBI
4. 74% FDI is permitted in Banking sector.
SOLUTION;
3. PLR (prime lending rate) is now set by
banks
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Which of these is false?

1. Tax rate on domestic companies have been
reduced.
2. Tax rate on foreign companies have been
reduced.
3. TDS certificates will also be dematerialised
4. There is one by 6 scheme, for filling income tax
returns
5. Excise duties are rationalised.
SOLUTION:
4. The scheme has be removed.
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Why is there fiscal mismanagement

in India?
1. Subsidies
2. Huge government structure
3. Changing plan schemes
4. Privatisation
5. Downsizing
6. Administrative reforms
SOLUTION:
1,2,3
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Which is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.

Companies are shy in restructuring.

Companies are laggards in brand building
States have also implemented fiscal reforms
We have to scrap outdated laws and reform
the laws
5. We have to amend labour laws
SOLUTION
4,5 ANSWER
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

WHICH OF THESE WAS ONCE A

PUBLIC SECTOR COMPANY?
1. HINDALCO
2. VSNL
3. HINDUSTAN ZINC
4. CMC
5. MODERN DAIRIES
6. MODERN FOOD
7. IPCL
8. MARUTI
SOLUTION:
2,3,4,6,7,8
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Full forms of ?
ADR,GDR,WTO,TRIPs, EMR,
APM,FI,FII,PTA,MTA,GATT,IDA,MIGA,ICSID,IFC,IBRD,
SOLUTION; American Depository Receipt, Global
Depository Receipts, World Trade Organisation,
Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights, Exclusive
Marketing Rights, Administered Price Mechanism,
Financial Institution, Foreign Institutitonal investor,
Plurilateral Trade Agreements, Multilateral Trade
Agreements, General Agreement on trade and tariffs,
International development association, Multilateral
investment guarantee agency, International Centre
for Settlement of Investment Disputes, International
Finance corporaton, International bank for
Reconstruction and Development.
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

What is the other name of world

bank?
IBRD

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Full forms of :
FIEO,CENVAT,FRBMA,LPG,EPCG?
Solution:
Federation of Indian Export
organisations, Cental Value Added Tax,
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget
Management Act, Liberalisation,
privatisation and globalisation, Export
Promotion Capital goods.
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

ABOUT AFTERSCHOOL
Afterschoool conducts three year integrated PGPSE (after
class 12th along with IAS / CA / CS) and 18 month
PGPSE (Post Graduate Programme in Social
Entrepreneurship) along with preparation for CS / CFP /
CFA /CMA / FRM. This course is also available online
also. It also conducts workshops on social
entrepreneurship in schools and colleges all over India
start social entrepreneurship club in your institution today
with the help from afterschoool and help us in developing
society.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Why such a programme?

To promote people to take up entrepreneurship
and help develop the society
To enable people to take up franchising and
other such options to start a business / social
development project
To enable people to take up social development
as their mission
To enable people to promote spirituality and
positive thinking in the world
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Who are our supporters?

Afterschoolians, our past beneficiaries,
entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs
are supporting us.
You can also support us not necessarily
by money but by being promotor of our
concept and our ideas.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

About AFTERSCHOOL PGPSE the

best programme for developing great
entrepreneurs

Most flexible, adaptive but rigorous programme

Available in distance learning mode
Case study focused- latest cases
Industry oriented practical curriculum
Designed to make you entrepreneurs not just
an employee
Option to take up part time job so earn while
you learn
The only absolutely free course on internet
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Workshops from AFTERSCHO

OL

IIF, Delhi
CIPS, Jaipur
ICSI Hyderabad Branch
Gyan Vihar, Jaipur
Apex Institute of Management, Jaipur
Aravali Institute of Management, Jodhpur
Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar
Pacific Institute, Udaipur
Engineering College, Hyderabad

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Flexible Specialisations:

Spiritualising business and society

Rural development and transformation
HRD and Education, Social Development
NGO and voluntary work
Investment analysis,microfinance and inclusion
Retail sector, BPO, KPO
Accounting & Information system (with CA / CS /CMA)
Hospital management and Health care
Hospitality sector and culture and heritage
Other sectors of high growth, high technology and social
relevance

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Salient features:
The only programme of its kind (in the whole world)
No publicity and low profile course
For those who want to achieve success in life not just a
degree
Flexible you may stay for a month and continue the rest of
the education by distance mode. / you may attend weekend
classes
Scholarships for those from poor economic background
Latest and constantly changing curriculum keeping pace
with the time
Placement for those who are interested
Admissions open throughout the year
Latest and most advanced technologies, books and study
material
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Components

Pedagogy curriculum and approach based on IIM Ahmedabad and ISB

Hyderabad (the founder is alumnus from IIMA & ISB Hyderabad)
Meditation, spiritualisation, and self development
Essential softwares for business
Business plan, Research projects
Participation in conferences / seminars
Workshops on leadership, team building etc.
Written submissions of research projects/articles / papers
Interview of entrepreneurs, writing biographies of entrepreneurs
Editing of journals / newsletters
Consultancy / research projects
Assignments, communication skill workshops
Participation in conferences and seminars
Group discussions, mock interviews, self development diaryng
Mind Power Training & writing workshop (by Dr. T.K.Jain)

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Pedagogy

Case analysis,
Articles from Harvard Business Review
Quiz, seminars, workshops, games,
Visits to entrepreneurs and industrial visits
Presentations, Latest audio-visuals
Group discussions and group projects
Periodic self assessment
Mentoring and counselling
Study exchange programme (with institutions out of
India)
Rural development / Social welfare projects
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Branches
AFTERSCHOOL will shortly open its
branches in important cities in India
including Delhi, Kota, Mumbai, Gurgaon
and other important cities.
Afterschooolians will be responsible for
managing and developing these branches
and for promoting social entrepreneurs.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Case Studies
We want to write case studies on social
entrepreneurs, first generation
entrepreneurs, ethical entrepreneurs.
Please help us in this process. Help us to
be in touch with entrepreneurs, so that we
may develop entrepreneurs.

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

Basic values at AFTERSCHOOL

Share to learn more

Interact to develop yourself
Fear is your worst enemy
Make mistakes to learn
Study & discuss in a group
Criticism is the healthy route to mutual support
and help
Ask fundamental questions : why, when, how &
where?
Embrace change and compete with yourself
only
www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR

www.afterschoool.tk
social entrepreneurship for better
society

www.afterschoool.t
k

AFTERSCHOOL's MAT
ERIAL FOR PGPSE PAR