a ee Boe ee ame ws a : ch - 7 7 / 7 . "gD 258 764 y " RE 015 333 1 : > : - : TITLE The Indian Reading Series: Stories and Legends’ of the © oo Northwest. Level V. Books 1-18, - + “INSTITUTION Northwest Regional Educational Lab,, Portland, : 7 Oreg, i . i . _ SPONS AGEN ational Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE ae a i j +. CONTRACT 00-89-0105 - 8 - t NOTE 645p.; For the teacher,’'s manual, see RC 015832. * > AVAILABLE |FROM"Superintendent of Documents, U.S:|Government Printing fice, Washington, DC 20402 (Stok No. _ “ 1 065;-000-00132-2, $36.00 - 7 ¥ » PUB TYPE, ~» Guides. ~“Classroom Use = Materials (For Learner), 7 te (DSN g I Foe ; gs oe '*. EDRS PRICE MF03/PC26 'Plus-Postage. \* DESCRIPTORS *American Indian Culture; *American Indian ‘ . + Vitérature;. American Indians; *Childrens Litetature;’ S . Cultural Background; Cultural Images; Elementary a 5 Bducation; Illustrations; *Legends; *Supplementary ane : A Reading Materials; Tribes.s +e ’ IDENTIFIERS - 2Oral Tradition; *Pacific Northwest Indian ‘Réading 4nd : Language,Prog;, *Pacific Northwest Tribes- .* — - apstract = sppteneneary’ lets Designed as ‘supplementary reading material, ‘appropriate for Indian and. fon-Indian children in the elementary grades, this series of 18 booklets presents 26 stories and legends of -Northwest tribes. Stories in this, fifth level -of the®six-lével series : were developed. cooperatively by Indian people from reservations in. - - the Pacific Northwest. Booklets range from 15° to 63 pages*in length ~ and contain numerous, illustrations by-Jhdian artists. mhe sto’ ‘are ‘—, sequenced and grouped together by type: (1) stories that explain 4 natural phenomena; (2) stories that emphasize Indian*cultural values; . é (3) stories; that explain ‘cultural objects, ceremonies, or lifestyles; cand (4) storiesbout spiritual values. The first three stoties - provide an opportunity to compare and contrast the plateau, coast, > .and plaing regions as well as the pre-contact, reservation, :and “y modern pefiods of Indian culture. Description of; cultyre storied : concern ‘tribal ceremonies, uses of the, buffalo, practices observed for the dead, and ways to catch and prepare fish. Storied explaining «. . natural phenomena include "Coyote Arranges the Seasons” and "How Animals Got Their Color.” Student activigy cards. relate to the - ° stories and are designed to promote creativity;; expand. awareness ‘of Indian culture, and give additional practice injlanguage arts skills, ..._ ++ (SHZ) : : ‘ atedirecretetiertertis cierto trict tier trcrrsccrse, Serer eeteresecers + # | Reproductigng- supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made te from the original document. « * SA AAA NAH REAE EE RRRRERARASREREAEAE ASAE EALS RS EERE OTER ALORS RARE RARE ERRRE ~ 71s DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONENC THE INDIAN READING SERIES: Stories and Legends of the Northwest is a collection ‘oped by Indian people from twelye reservations. Development tivities are guided by a Policy Board which te the Indi ‘community of thé Pacific Notthwest. The Pacific Northwest Indian Reading and Language Developmen i Lloyd Smith-Warth Springs Chairman “ rioer ei siux . ‘© Walter Moffett — Neg Perce ‘¢ Emmett Oliver — QGinault ‘© Bol/Parsley—Chippewa ” © Helen Redbird — Cherokee f@MaxSnow : i >. /® Jeanne Thoms — Warin Spgings Je Bill Yellowtail—Crow 7 “3 S » 7 : ‘of authentic material cooperatively devel- '. * 4 eo ade ‘tie ae LeTHE INDIAN READING SERIES» Stories and Legends of the Narthvwoat, Firemaker Va Little Ghe Ghost Bull Level ye 7 __ By members ofthe Northern Cheyenne Tribe, ° . ‘oordinator % Leroy Pi Julia Pine,Coneultant — F ‘Tom Gardner, Sr, . i Ge pu * Inelfe White Crow of VK \ Donia Livingston, 1ydetrator . * Mustfated by Livingston 1 deseph Coburn, Diréctor . . . Pacific Northwest Indian Progr ' ‘ . Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory” ‘y._ No. 400.80.0108 with the Educational Equity Group/Molticultural Developed by the Pacific Northwest Lidian Réading and Language Development Program Northwest Regtonal Eiuntona taboratory $00 SouthwestGinth Avenue Portland, Oregon s7204, Cepyright © 1961 bythe Northern ‘Cheyenne ‘Tribe * 1 Allrighta reserved ‘he wok up nhc thipilion abused was prt ‘ftv National natitate of Féveatin, It doesnot, however, neceaarh Siewn of hp agency > Printed and boundin the United state fFamerten. oo ye i . , . tis we . . . 4 . * ; ® - \ : : 6 , fe vo - - . 3 vaiiend Poe, . a : ‘ a Cy ee TS Firémaker' ,° , _ Told by Julia Pine” a +" Written by Leroy Pine , Ay ; , , - ' ma : v4 . a -& 7 7 ’ * ». : an % oka , Firemaker asked his friend, “Would you come along on a jour- «ney to search for food?” Then he added, “I must warn you about the dangers of this trip. I was told we must be careful when crosBing the big river. A water serpgnt might catch us. I hope he is not around when we éross the rivef, Anyway, I will ask the Thunderbird in the sky ” to watch over us. Besides, ye havgfast horses and I have my ceremo- - nial knife with me to protect us.” ; : | a? \Firemaker and his friesid rode for many milés on their journey for food. When they camb to the big river, they remembered the. = 7 warning and looked for a safe crossing. . . 7 “ of, C a x SRL9 ~_ They rode alofiside the tiver until they saw a place where the _+ water was shallow and carefully rode across to the other side.After they had crossed the river safely, they thanked the Thun: _derbird'in the sky for watching over them a continued on their ‘journey. . 7 on \ 10Finally, they met a friendly trader and bought some food. The boys packsed the food on their horses and started for home. They wanted ‘to be home before dark because ‘» they knew it would be dangerous to cross the river, at * night. They had heard that the water serpent was susuglly out at night. .-i ‘ : : Firemaker and his friend rode toward their home and decided to take ashort cut. They decided to cross whére the water was deep:"They * did not want to. cross the river at night. Nap 37 . + * 7 Pot wy Firemaker said to his friend, “If we use a raft it might be safer.” They made a raft. They were not worried about their horses because 0 ee -- the horse could swim, Ce to. > ud 7 4, ra . ee“both cried out, “Please do something. The water serpent is s ; . NL te -- . es . When they started torow across the deep water, they -heard strange noises coming from underneath them. The raft startéd swaying back and forth. "Watch out! We are in ‘great danger!” they shouted. Firemaker and his friend going to get us!” They noticed that the water wasrisingon - . both sides, coming closer and closer. It looked like a wall of water was going to come. down on them, a4 “a iat oa 4Fireiaker was so svared he forgbt what to do: . Finally, h8 took his ceremonial knife out and put it across “his mouth. Therl he asked the great ‘Thuriderbird and his . messengers in the sky for help and'protection.\ . The great Thunderbird responded to their call for help. Sud- denly, a small rafn cloud appeared above them and bolts of lightuing flashed down. Loud thunder voices filled the air, They could not see anything for awhile. The water splashed where the Hghtningatrack, o i “ae 419* Suddenly everything became quiet. The two friends thought they were sinking. All at once they hit the bottom of the deep river. ‘The water had vanished, so they walked across the riverbed. : ot 20= x at the sky. "Look something is flying away,” said Firemaker. What they saw looked like a huge bird with his claws on the huge ugly serpent. The serpent was squirming, trying to free itself. They both disappeared. The two friends knew they were safe and both enue out, “Thanks!” to the great Thunderbird. - . ‘21 ‘After they crossed the river, Firemaker and his friend looked up t ~ Sieba iat ik-As they rode away thiey looked up at thé sky once again andsaw four riders and two hounds. The riders séemed to be watching them from the sky. Slowly the riders disappeared. + : ENC 2 22Whien they reached home they told everybody about their expe- ” riences and about how'the huge water serpent almost caught them. 18 Everyone was'glad that they were safe and home at last. 7 ER Boo . ( gow By _ 23Will anyone ever see the serpent monster again? Who kno Ne : 24 ~ 19FIREMAKER 7B x ; + > = + wr : . THUNDERBIRDS Bander was in hom ty wings and lightning would , ‘SACRED BEARER OF HAPPINESS UNLIMITED flash from, ‘tongue. To thes Indians, Thunderrd wasn grat helper om "The Thupderbird is a mystical bird which wes held in’ x to'a Thunderbird clan or =e Sometimes the origin of the entire tribe came from ‘Thunderbird. There are’ many different designs this bird which is shown ina tribe'sart. Here awateow whieh you may copy and use for a bulletin board. Found atop many totem pole with his curved bel is this Thunderbird from the Northwest Coast which was thought te have animal, human and supernatural powers, When storms occurred, Thunderbird was capr turing his only enemy and favorite food - whale. mighty wings would darken the sky. When he saw his prey he would swoop down. 1. 25 , ERIC_- ¢ +Count Your Blessings - s Ar > peer . Wen parenta, elders or other visitors come’ "your homeo classroom, ry tofmake them comfortable. If possible, at least offer coffee ot” toe ‘Ag old way- of many ‘tribes is to sure vieitors do not go away hungry. + Whgx:someone pleases you, let them know 7 BaRR are ey eigen or eet : fr hig mnie nt end “ y thankful. needs changefrom timeto _~ bithdavs Bean cet sae ioc . have been , stmas. Send'neaid when they are = ‘Thank you notes ayletters show appreciation to peo ile who have given their time for you. . ve What hing are svabe oo that ake youre : - happier and you stronger person? if, yo0' could have one thing to make you hippy whatiwouldit be? Weak wa inc wh yu wo io got it. _— yn ning in : \ 26A 4“Tittle Ghost Bull ‘Written by Leroy Pine Ave Previous numbire page n fosameR! vas lerLittle Ghost Bull livegon the Northern Cheyenne reservation. ” “Like many boys on the reservation Little Ghost Bull is happy: ” and enjoys each day. His favorite activities are school and weekend adventures. - oF : Ihe'previos simbered page ti 7 2.8 tne original document wes ant! .a Little Ghost Bull lives at home with his family. Besides his mother and father, there are three sisters, a baby brother and a pet. dog whose name is Disco. : :also enjoys staying up on schoo! he often ha’ trouble gettingPlaying basketball inthe hallway after supper is another favor- ite past time of Little Ghost Bull. Sometimes he will play with his sistersor friends. Many times his younger sisters or baby brother will . ‘ watch and cheer. . ? _ os " 31 13 the1 . Little Ghost Bul]’s older brother is now married. Although his older brother i fun, sometimes he is hard to get along-with. Many * times both boys argue since they disagree over football teams or basketball players. Often Little Ghost Bull loses these arguments because his older brother knows many things. . we 9 eBags aeBecause his older brother has his own family and no longer lives é % at home, Little Ghost Bull is now the oldest boy in the household. Sometimes he teases his teenage sister by telling her he doesn’t like her boyfriends. At timgs the teasing causes thenrfoshout ateach other, . 28 33 8ERIC “Little ath ot Bull has , been warned not to bother his sister’s ‘stereo. But when his: sister is gone, he likes: to sneak intoher roomand - play his favorite tapes. Sometimes Ke reads his sister’s notes fromher - © ES boyfrierids and every now and then forgets to put things away and leaves the roonra mess. When this happens, his sister really gets angry, Of course Little Ghost Bull denies bothering her things and soon a big argument takes place. 7 ~”¢ . Whenever Little » Ghost Bull and his sister are mad at each other, their father will interrupt theri anid make them stop yelling. Father i tells them to behave and to remember no matter how upset they are ———~ : with one anether, they should always try to love each other. 920 ERIC. Little Ghost Bull is almest a teenager. Often daring clasg he . - daydreams. Sometimes he dreams of becoming a football or a basket- ball playér like his big brother. He would also like to be a musician like his father- ~~ he Although Little Ghost Bull daydreams, he likes doing hisschool work and tealizes school will help him ag he gets older. Little Ghost; Bull wants to learn and doés many things while he attends school. He participates in sports, plays in his school’s beginning band and is learning many arts and crafts. - us ‘ | 36& ost Bull is always respectful. He gives thanks to the « r blessing their food. He obeys his parents and remem- bers to-do his daily chores. He even remembers to feed-and play with hisdog Disco. : y x es s‘S , Disco is lucky Little Ghost Bull cares forhim. , There are many homeless dogs on the reservation. + ° They always seem to be so skinny and they eat out of - garbage cats. : * Manytimes the dogs will gang upon other dogs. Because noone owins the dogs they just run loose. : ERIC® = . : 38 ¥SBR Often the stray dogs chase cars and annoy everyone. 39 a,[ + r i ‘When someone rides through the village on horseback, the dogs will chase and bark at them {Little Ghost Bull wishes people would +. tiike care of their dogs likeshe oe. :Little Ghost Buill likes to sit with his dog and think of all the things he wants to do. Some day he would like to learn how to Indian dance and take part in all the pow-wows and celebrations that are held every year. He wants to finish schoo! and go to college. Maybe fe ERIC someday he will have his own family. When that happens he hopes to be like his father and grandfather. However, Little Ghost Bull enjoys living on the reservation where'thereare always many things to do. 41_Fi retalks. XS: é AIMED ns share are good ihomsiit Pan * . You will need: “a story you now well enough to tell _ a comfortable area 2a (Use your imagination! - ‘Pretend you are sitting around a campfire) ara tl yor ry ot crt Ls 3 or both how mahy winters Widians have been on this'ground. , '. Campfires that were left by them-arésmany. Today many Indians are. = Foturnitg to the campfires of ol. oie ike Noone knows . ‘* Discuss with your partner. what, you liked and dis- ~” liked about the story. Decide mie ould ake Retell it if need : * Try writing down your story. Maybe you can get" ~ “Around those car wwerp told some good stories. of Maye the ews raring ag ancl person wat lk ing a story. ‘be some children were gazing quietly. . into the story the old pereon wae tlling. Firetalk is using the stories told around old a fires. It is time to build up the fires and retell the stories. 42 ERIC _ help from an older student or an adult. 'FIRETALK Think about Little Ghost Byll ahd his life on the . Northern Cheyenne Reservation. ? 9 ‘Tell about your pet or one that belongs toa friend. *-Tell about an inusual weekend adventure. ‘A COLLAGE After you have told a story, try making a zalbcion ot ie a collection of pic- tures put to; to tell a story. pictures may overlap each other. ‘Tell a story about your own life and family and describe yhere you live LITTLE GHOST-BULL 2B RESERVATIONS 7 ‘A lot of Indian peoplt still live on reservations, although many also livein large cities and in smaller communities off reservations. Reservations are small parcels of land on'which In-- dian people were eed to live. At first, (1860's) they not to leave, not even to’ hunt. Although Indians were living in North” America Jong before lumbus: arrived, they’ were not * Uni tes citizens uriti] 1924, Before that time reservatons were thought of a8 foreign na- tions. Because ‘of this, today Indian people are ‘guaranteed certain rights because of treaties made with these separate Indian nations long ago. 7 Enlarge a'map of your state. # Locate gll the reservations and color them: " YoU MAY REPEAT THIS FIRETALK FOR ANY OR ALL OF-THE-STORIES. 7Nee i ntin ath atee entee , AIM Tobe able to-profoince the CD: bee tate ten The Indian Reading Series ’ - Before Europeans came to the Western Hersisphere, Indians were telling stories in more than 2,200 differ ent languages. ‘Today Some languages are'no lon stn Many ay one agus ng ae _in the western states on or near reservation: Usually, the native language is first learned at home. - For years the Federal Government forbid the speaking of native languages in schools built for Indians. + Missionariés that opened schools for ‘Indians also would not let them speak their own languages. ‘The stories in The Indian Reading Series were origi- 7 EY nally told in the native tang of the tribe from ar ° ' which it came. Try these activities: . ‘Make a tape recording of-the tribe's name on. | the back of-this card. Follow the directions for prontirtiation. Listen to the tape. Use the card, to speak. the sound-ilike word along with the tribe's name. *."Try to find éut the language spoken by each of the tribes on the back of this card. \ : * Invite an-Indian person into your class tp share ERI 46 i a their language. . £47 * 7 a4) | | 7 7 - : reLITTLE GHosT BULL 2D —— ~ ¥ = PLAINS | °° re Say Th * Say "The Frouonee Say ee These These, “Say These" Say The Tribe's Name Tribes Vowels | Words Tribe's Name su Blackfeet a =a blac! black qua’ e=e feet feet, ish : ve . : ; Gros Vent gros sko fawn Ventre! ko! mish the as . in” sin’ muck’le the a . coin boine ‘shoot - 7 Sioux fov'=u ~ dew sioux shoal : water ‘Northem } bay’ Cheyenne ¢ =i my che " : e= pan yenne 7 Salish 1 say-sa ‘sho ~ Mdish lish . eho? " : hee Klamath clam, kia’ : 7 ate with math ‘ban’ ; ° ‘nock ” Burns churns burns Paiute pie pai Kootenai’ boot Koo’ flute ute. . 48 Hk ta . . 5 say’, “ai 5 : ‘ . 49 ‘iB dinca-ERIC SULIAPINE — BEST COPY AVAILABLEdeveloped by theae tribes and others jn the Northwest are included in ‘the Lovels1, 1, Ml and 1V sequences 1. Litile Ghout Bulland The Story ofPiremaker 11. Winter Month a Northern Cheyenne Tribe « Shoshone-Barinock Tribes of the Fort Hall 2.A Visit to Taholah and Joseph's Long Journey." Reservation - 7 Shoalwater Bay Tribe ~" 12. Coyote Arranges the Seasons : 3. Stories From Burns . Klamath, Modoc and Paiute Tribes Burns Paiute Reservation 7 13, Broken Shoulder . ‘4. Ghost Woman/The Skull Story x Gros Ventre Tribe of the Fort Belknap Blackfeet Tribe Reservation Ys ine Pine Tree and The Lodge Journe 14. How.the Big Dipper and North Star Came To Be Blackie ige int The Lodge Journey I Assiniboine Tvibe ofthe Fort Peck Reservation 6. Mary Queequeesue’s Love Story *. Na 15. Duckhead Necklace and Indian Love Story +. “Salish and Kéotenai Tribes of the’Flathead ", Assiniboine Tribe ofthe Fort Bellnap Reservation Reservation : 4 1. Ghost Stories . 16. White Rabbit - ' “Assiniboine Tribe of the Fort Peck Reservation _" Sioux Tribe'of the Fort Peck Reservation t 8. A Fishing Excursion + 17. How Horses Came to The Gros Ventre/Red Bird's‘ 7 Muckleshoot Tribe ate sTeibe tro 7 . 9, Buffalo ofthe Patheads + + Gree Ventre Tribe from the Fort Benap Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead . Reservation 18, Stories ofan Indian Boy 10, How’ Animals Got Their Color . Beckie ae : eo Modoc and Paiute Tri 7 i . . : 50THe INDIAN READIN SERIES « ‘Stories and Legends of the Northwest "A Visit to'Taholah ee Joseph’s Long Journey :, r2 Bevel VBook2 "Developed ‘by the members of the Shoalwater Bay Curriculum Committee + Clara Hawks, Coordinator : . Irene Shale, Consultant Fa Elizabeth Duncan roe : ug Evelyn Cenois,lustrator Ed Nielson, Iustrator Annie Clark Rhoades. yore Anna Mae Rhoades Strong iw > Phillipa. Hawks howe «Joseph Coburn, Director ‘ ‘Pacific Northwestindian Program § Northwest Regional Educational Labortiy“Developed by the Pacific Northwest Indjan Reading arid Language Development Program: + Northwest Regional Educational ‘300 Southweat Sixth Avenue, Portland, Oregbn 97204 Copyright © 1981 hy the ShoalwilWrBay Tribe” os ¥ ~ 2 Allmighte reserved. ge 7 ~ fs a : ‘The work upon which this publication is based was performed pursuant to Contract wes 3 Nod 008000105 with the Educational Equity Group/Multicatural/Bilingial Division, 7 oftheNatona ita of beatin. I det not, bower, necemariy rele ‘Yiews ofthat ngeney , 7 Printed and boundin thex ¥ : 5 tok the northwest swells easily. Captain Reéd was a good Shoalwater Bay pilot. They stopped at Tokeland then headed back to the mouth of the Willapa River. Atinie was alittle queasy because the choppy water. made the steamer roll with the swells. ; \. \ & SEAAnnie knew this bay. When the tide was outit left good exposed_ “ground where oysters grew. That was her father’s business: Before all the children came, her own mother had worked on the oyster beds. - Many Indian women did this.Angie watched the spray break onthe. {wv of the steamer. She listened to the passengers converse gsthe boat cut through thewaters to South Bend.» f ' it . nw ; ga BLS ne Vieek It was 3:30 in'the afternoon when they arrived.’A big treat for ° > Annie was spending the night at the Cassel Hotel. There Annie gaw electric lights for the first time. What magic to see light glow from a bulb hanging from the ceiling! doa : “eric . ia 62 googe scorese ree raat a . . 7 é Bating out was also a treat, After breakfast the next morning, |“ they caught the street car for Raymond and took the stage. It was 80 "big and passengers boarded frequently as they wound their way through the farmland of Willapa Valley. Eastward were the sawmill towns of Holcomb, Francis, Walville, McCormick, Pe Bll, Doty, Meskel, Adna'and Littel. © woe “At Centralia passengers gave Annfié and her mother curious. stares noticing that they were obviously Indian. The atage continued on its way.through Oakville and Rochester to Grays Harbor and - Ocean Beaches. They passed tall forests. Not all thé big timbers of fir and spruce had been logged off-At last they reached Moclips-It seemed like'a very long ride to Annie and she asked her mother, 2” “Momma, I am tired from sitting. How much farther must we go?” “Not top much farther, Annie, but this will be different because we will ride in a wagon and sit up with the driver.” >‘The only way to Taholah was down the beach when the tide was ~ low. The Indian driver loaded his freight, helped Annie and her mother up beside him and clucked to his team in Quinault. Down onto the ocean ~ beach they went. ey t / Eek Mielaer « . __ The ride was even joltier than the stage had been but ‘Annie “. lovéd every mintute of it, She'breathed the tangy salt air and listened to all the soundsMomma and the driver talking in Chinook and Quinault, the horse's hoofs clopping, the wagon wheels creaking, the ocean’s roar and the seagulls mewing. The surf pounded and the . ., aves covered the wet sand where thewagon traced its way down the beach, The gurf left edgeg of foam and,Annie saw Sea cookies and other flotsom washed in by the water. As they neared Taholah, Annie saw the large sacred rocks.on'the beach. Then they were at thé steep hill te horses must climb to get into yhe village... - rc or ; . no § cv { ‘ ae ene ge- hang onto the seat. The driver must whip th mal for the hill. They must pull the heavy wago clung for dear life and it felt like the wagon would fall backwards. What a steep dirt bank! Pane eee 2 J« the driver that her son-in-law wouild pick-up their grips later: child We will walk to,your sister's. twill feel good after meee” "Yes, Momtia, this is a ver'y Jong trip Momma why does Leda’ * livein aclotirhouse?” . "Ttis canvas andis called tent house, See ithoga anes fice anda stove,” Momma said, \ + After Leda gredted thefn, shaynade Indian tea for her mother » while Annie admired baby Abert. Mle was a strong looking boy with >. . greemeyés. Annie was used to brownheyes. That night a yery tired ent to bed:and fell pe nae slumber ad "43 ppt nadez i Bo * Loan > 7 Each day, they helped Leda and the baby. Sometimes they vis * ited Momma's many friends at Taholah: The Joe Cultees;who had lived in,Bay Ceiter, told Annie's mother they were having a Potlatch forlher before she returned home. Annie had never seeii one. On this day, she would see her mother honored in the special way thaf only the Indians ade . : : Therg were niany foods prepared: baked Blueback salmon, ‘smoked razor clams, fried clams, fish chowder, venison, and smoked fish. There were bowls of wild blackberries, huckleberry pies and’ _ * tasty Indian fry bread: Some of these were adopted white man’s foods. ‘There was much feasting and talking over old times. Then to the big event of the potlatch, the gift giving. Only an Indian can feel the pride; - of giving so freely of his worldly possessions. Annie's eyes were wide as she saw her mother receive giftafter gift. There were manystrings - of cobalt blue Hudson Bay trading beads, some mixed with copper balls, some mixed beads of reds, yellows, greens and even black. There were baskets of all sizes and ghapes. There were the verlays oflrich” -. __ soft blacks, yellows and whites of bear grass and the pale moss green‘. of Shoalwater Bay sweet grass. There were hlso the black baskets of « @ the fern root, charcoal and bear grease. Red colors came'from berry dyes. Annie's eyes were wide a more gifts were presented to her mother. Phere was a carved horn spoon inlaid with mother-of-pearl placed in the eyes of the faces that went down the handle. Annie’s favorite gift was the red head-band. It had red feathers and wampum shells,that circled it with bright beads spaced between. 7 ‘ Tomorrow, they would travel back to Bay Center, but thatnight _. aa Annie went to bed, her room was closed off by a curtain. Leda said , toher mother, “Annies tired from all the excitement, but this is &day ® she will remember.” And remember it she did, to this very day. ~ERIC Indians still live on Shoalwater Bay, in the village of Bay Cen- * ter. Desceridents of Chief Charlie and others are still at Shoalwater . Reservation. The ocean still roars at the mouth ofthe green Quinallt as it meets the sea, but this way to Taholah is no more. 7 ¢ a “68° tVisit to Taholah - wr Lo -A VISIT TO TAHOLAH 3A * During this time Indian: p Plains 9 ERIC AIM 3 Tebeconie sae of tow > - cultures change through time ©. and recall story details Precontact, Culture (before 1860) Long ago Indian people were in complete control of their education, economy, political system and" in, ‘Thi was a-time when Indians lived invhar- nature and vere able to meet thei needs without jcanariane fo talenct of e environment. le from the Coast, the similar ideas or. achieve this harmony. When base their activities on Plateau, and the’ Beliefs that helped a person or a group of ~ certain ideas or beliefs and continue to activ- ities over and over again, then the beliefs are con- sidered to be their ‘values. Some of n values that were developed by the tribes long-ago are still practiced today..These values are in Indian stories. Reservation Culture (1860-1930) \ The reservation period was a period of drastic change for Indian people. During this time, there was a yapid increase in noh-Indian control over all areas of Indian life including. family life, religion, economics and political activities, Areas of land called reservations were established on which Indians were supposed to . live. They could not leave these areas even to hung. 69 “ é Because Indians could no longer live like they had, before, the governfnent had to feed, clothe and care for them. ‘The government sent Indians to schools and missionaries tried to change their religion. Many of the Indian values, however, did not change, while at the same time new values were becoming part of this new way of life. Indians began separating their _ vahies, They showed the old (traditional values mostly when they ware with other Indians, They showed newer Ways when they were around rowing. Indian people became bichltural (having two cultures ~ or sets of values) during the reservation period. Much of what are still old Indian ways today ‘survived the great changes of the reseryation period and beyond. A Visit to Taholah is a®story from the reservation period. Think about how life was changing for Arinie and her family. Which ‘old way and which ju: Write or Firetalk a story of how you might - feel ifyouwere: © Entering:school for the first tiine and could not speak English. Describeyour day. What would you see, hear, smell, think about and feel? © A person who had never: seen modern inventions like cars or airplanes or lights. What would you think about? How would you feel? '. é. aba | 7).7 ~ NeS poy van \ . HR cle . AVISIT TO TAHOLAH 3B i a) i J 7 ca ya or at & * Jf-someone carinot recall what is in the bag he/she* _“Inugt drop out of the game. The last student to be , whe able to recall correctly the entire contents of the bag. "*~ alah and try to Sethe winner of the game. : the game, changing locations or a ee tioned. ! © Repeat the statement, “I eae Mea Bee ot place yor might lke te vist okie pur * 7 z . v . . [ 4 . , in my bag I carried .~. (sex sweet grass, ete)”: 7h es | . * Bach peysoy must fepeat what others have a item. You may want to reread parts of tHe ‘tory to help remember items to carry in’ . your bag: * . * Coie this activity around the ds until everyone ied to recall, what is in the bag and added to it. ebRC. ti . TNS- .- Mlustrated by Evel Joseph’s re oumney ve Dedicated to and in memory of: Harold L. Hawks arin , t “93 &A small fire glowed ini the darkness on the small - " sandyéoland located near the middle of Shoalwater Bay. Nearby, a short cedar dugout canoe'restéd in the shadges” on the sand, Joseph, an Indian boy, was steaming oysters in the shell for his evening meal. He woré brown leather _ boots, gray cotton trousers and a4 lack woo] sweater thaty buttoned down‘the front. He usually did not eat dlone ba onthis particular . evening’in early September, 1886, he waggtranded on Pine Island. The tide had gone out leayingthis canoe high *_ and dry. When the tide is outat Shoalwater Bay, mileg and * miles of hud flats and‘sand spits are exposed. Joseph: would not be home that night. Sut~ Saturday,” Father said. ‘Toke Point ‘ \ \Shoalwater Bay ’ 7 1 1 1 + 1 Wilsonville Joseph was 13 years old and lived in Wilsonville on the south shore of Shoalwater Bay. Yesterday (which was * Friday) his father gave him permission to visit Toke Point _ which was five miles away on the north shore. Indian people from Toke Point who worked in the oyster beds near Wilsonville would return home.of Friday. Joseph _, ' would travel with them. Before they left, Father said to him, “Josepli, I think you are old enough to cross the bay alone, but you must be careful. Sometime in theit lives, all young men must learn to travel the bay alone.” ~ Joseph was happy to hear these words from Father. “Lwill be very careful Father. Thank you very much.” *. “When you arrive at Toke Point, spend the night at your cousin’s house. Return with the incoming tide.onJoseph made the crossing with two companions. The men paddled a large canoe Joaded with their belongings. , dJogeph was able to keep up with them. They arrived at * ‘Toke Point early in the afternopn. Joseph walked to his cousin’s house from the beach. He had a delightful visit with his cousin. They paddled their canoes around Toke ~ , SS Point, went swimming and had a good time.4 7 CS 7 ' . 1 f Joseph's Route seat one i oy _ EllenSands) Pine A sandspit ¢_ = =) * Bruceport pt gh iene, * : essa MD. —~ : Goose Point’ Wilsonville t Bay Center Palix River ca . \ The weather was good, . anes morning when, Joseph “left Toke,Point, He told his cousin he would visit longer next time. - Pine Islandis half way be- Because the canoe moved along | rapidly, Joseph decided to stop. He wanted to explore the fascinating island. Joseph paddled tlte canoe to the island’s south side and pulled it-up on the beach.-Un- * Jndwn to him, he was faraway ~ from the channel he was to take to Wilsonville. a 78 wale i tween ‘Toke Point.and Wilsonville. ~yw vi . ‘The seagulls on the bay nested and hatched their young on this island. There were thousands of them. The young ones were a'little ‘ larger than baby chicks and ran altover the beach. The older birds made loud screeching tioises trying to scare Joseph away. He enjoyed himself and forgot about the time, The island was five acrés in size and he had covered all of it. ‘2: Wher Joseph zeturned to hig elnoe he saw anit shad gone out and was fav frémt the beach. He attemptéd-thdrag his canoe the 7 -water but'soon'tired and gave up. ‘Ye rested then pulled the. Sah farther up on the beach. The chahnel lookeg.as if it was a miley: -Heiknew he would hye to spend theMight on the island. Josey ». Shot, worried. He had ¢ainped mastyynights on the beaches ofShaal: . Water Bay but always with his fathily, Still, he knew he couild'do | “alone ifhe had to. Joseph's father and uncle taught him how'to build a ire aid’ keepit burning: “They-taught hinjhow to make emergency ‘bhelterg; both in the. woods and'on thé bedches. Hes ‘ould gathenand cook, oyster: lams, Socket di myseelst mM an OpenYfire, ;Tees « Joseph built a driftwood ‘shelter between two logs, then gathered a dozen oysters from the tideflats, Oysters were plentiful on ” . 1 the bay. Joseph had niatehes so he have to rub two sticks to- gethipr. He soon had d good blaze gofhf and the oysters cooking. . They smelled delicious. It seemed ~ ately, Joseph was always hungry. He had grown four inches in the past year. LAs Joseph settled LS the night, he could see faint lights at nvilie gad Bay Center. The villages were about two miles south of Pine Island. The mouth of the Palix’River separated Wilsonville ” ‘from Bay Center, distance of a half mile, Joseph heard the barking dogs and the yipping coyotes in the distance. He felt a little lonely sinice this was'the first night he really spent alone. He forgot his, loneliness whén he thought of. his canoe and the pleasure he got from building it. : joseph had always lived near the water. He had always been aréund c&noes, boats and rafts. When he was little he enjoyed making boats. He used wood planks, smalll logs or anything that would fi “Ayear ago Father had given hini anice cedaf logaind had guided him “|. *wassurprised how éasily Joseph finishéd the cahoe. He did a good ob Joseph had.a tdfent formaking canioes and boats. ERIC’ © ° Lop BE ot, or in carving his small canoe. It took eight months tocompleteit.Father .D 26 dhoalwater Bay wasa busy place in September. Great schools of Chinook salmon entered the bay on their journey up the rivers. Fishermen were busy readying néts and traps for the annual catch. From the bay’s natural stock, oystermen moved new oysters to their beds. Boats were very important/ Life could not exist.without them. Joseph decided he was going to be a boat builder. He wanted to be the best. With all the abtivjty in the bay, he would never be out of work. ° On Sunday morning, Joseph woke with a start. The dark clouds . threateneg to rajp. ‘The wind blew a little harder: The'weather on Shoalwater Bay could change in.a hurry. One day it would be clear and calm, then stormy on another. Joseph was not sure what it was going to do today. He told himself, "The wind isn't tpo strong, maybe Pl take a chance and paddlefar homie.” Asthe tide rose, Joseph + thought, “It must be cloge to high tide.” He warited an early start to Yavoid the outgoing tide, but he had overslept. - - \ 9 ERICi Haifa mile from the island the wind grew stronger and paddling " got harder. To make matters worse, the tide began to ebb, making two forces he had to fight. Soon Joseph was drivenfarther west, away from Mili and away from Pine Island. Thodaves splashed itito Joseph's canoe. It was hard to paddle and bail water out offWwe canoe at the same time. Joseph knew he wouldn't make it home now. ite had to do something! He had been too busy paddling and bailing to be afraid» .e remembered things his father had taught him about the water, ‘Always remain calm.” He was nervous but didn’t panic. Father also told him,“Get to any shore quickly if you aré in trouble.” ERIC Lt “eek 83.Joseph saw a sandspit about half a mile away in the . * ‘same direction the wind and tide were taking him. Hequit —~ struggling and turned his canoe toward the spit. It wasn’t * ~ where he wanted to go, bat if he could land on the spit; he ~ would be safe. “I'l wait for the tide to change and try to : make it to Long Beach Peninsula,” he thought. Joseph *” paddled expertly in the rough water and landed safely. He -* was soaked to the skin and his mouth tasted of salt water, but he was happy: He could hear the ocean waves rdaring onto the sandspits west of him. Ifhé had not made it to this spit, he could have been swept out tosea. As Josep waited he viewed the bay as he had never seen it before. 842 sandspitWest ofhim ‘weré more sandspits, as well as the boat channel by which the boats entered arid left the bay. Tb the south was the long southern arm of the bay. Tb the east he could see Pine Island. “Oh, how I wish P'd'stayed on that island,” he said to himself. North of him was North Cove. He didn’t want to go there because it was close to the ocean and the waters were dangerous. - While Joseph waited for the jie to change, the wind and water calmed down. He knew now hesholild have stayed on fajge Island. “If I survive, I won’t make the same mistake again,” J cena. ‘Tokeep’ warm he ran on,the sandspit. He would bundle up in his wet wool blanket and run when he got cold. Joseph was scared but he wagin control. He decided to paddle to Long Beach Peninsula when the tide came in. Then he would paddle to Oysterville. His father had friends there. It was mid-afternoon and the tide had been coming in for two hours, Joseph launched his canoe and paddled south toward the village of Oysterville. Joseph was hungry aid tired. He was affaid to - try crossing the bay aft@his experience this morning. Rapidly the incoming tide and current carried him tbward Oysterville. Soon, he was past the open spits and gliding’along beside the tree-covered Long Beach Peninsula. It was late afternoon when he landed at Oysterville and knocked on te door of his father’s: friend’s house. a: : : \ 4* eS Se — SSS . ° ae : ‘ Sandspits . g Yone BeachZ - : . eo : 7 Joseph told the family his story. There was probably asearch party out looking for him now. He knew his father would not be worried over his being one day late, but he would be worried over 'a'two-day absence. They invited Joseph to stay overnight. Thmorrow they would go with him to Wilsonville: Joseph had'a good meal of baked salmon, bathed and went to bed early. For some reason he > felt mare grown up! tP. Late the next morning; Joseph and Father's friends left for Wilsonville in two large canoes. Joseph and another young boy pad- his canoe. They made good time to Goose Point which was across Wilsonville. When Joseph saw’the long sandy beach near his home, he paddled harder. It felt like he had been away from home- for weeks... ; : : Soae ' They reached. Wilsonville in the afternoon. Soseph’s family and friends ran down to the beach to meet them. Joseph’s mother, with ‘tearsin her eyes, hugged him, “Oh Son, we are glad to see youare safe, Your father hd several others are out Jooking for you now. We could _see your fire on Pine Island last night. We thought you would be home this morning. Your father should be back before the tide gets too low.” %y - , aJoseph's mother and other Indian people from Wilsonville built a huge fire on the beach and prépared a large feast. When Joseph's father returned, he greeted his friends from Oysterville and thanked them for bringing Joseph home. Father said he saw them paddling to Wilsonville from a distangg and recognized Joseph's lift le canoe. He turned to Joseph and embraced him and asked him to tell his story again. yn “Son, you have doneyvery well. You kept calth and did the right “thingy going to Oysteryille, The onlymistake you made was lyaving Pine Island when it looked stormy, but we learn by our mistakes, right Son?” ‘ “Yes, Father. [really learned allesson this time. i will stay with me for the rest of my’lifé.” “know it will, Son.” Then Josepk's father said, "Let us eat now and celebrate your return.” 3 ‘The main course of the meal was fresh eaught salmon roasted over the fire. The salmon was split lengthwise and placedon sharp sticks which were pushed in the sand. There were hard shell clams roasted on hot rocks under mats of seaweed. The clam juice would: drip on the hot rocks making steam which cooked the clays. Bread baked in the hot ashes was dipped in seal oi] before eating. The feast lasted until midnight, and when it was timeo go to bed, Joseph thought this was the best day he had ever lived. - ;93ve | ok 7 fee 4° . . ‘ . 5 . & , . ‘ J ; . 4 t rae 4 ! : re I 7 = d : we : by icy ¥ : 5 \ 7 oy cel. “ “ 7 : fo ,f i a : 94 :Honoring. | “ AIM »> ib appeecisis the val Indiana . placed-on giving to others aa HONORING ceRtemontes Remetnoer the Potlatch oaretony in-A' Viet fo Taholah: wi Fetelen welch involved he ne of ake, cis way it was possibletomake sure that the phar, the old, the sick, and those having! would be taken ‘a care of, » Caebrations wire held to honor boy the living and to recognize good fine tiated cafe men, During these cecasions, ‘everyone Vovering songs, Stole nd eo * Indian people have ‘had their own ways of honoring.. +, those who had died. Sometimés it gave an opportunity :. fruntets . On the North Coast, fares bald dead, gave yal by oo horas and al personal bonnes . pancho potlateh was a significant social event in which a fani- ily’s wealth and social were measured by the quantity of food and gifts/given away to others. ERICvel V Book 3THE INDIAN READING SERIES - ‘Atbries and Legends of the Northwest Do What You Are ‘Told LL Na-Seé.Ni hez (The Wet Boy) The Be: Bears arid the Deer Developed by the Burns PaiutaRteservation Ruth Adains,Coordinator Delmar Adams “Betty First Raised Jane Sam ‘Minerva Soucie Mlustrated bygJames St, Marti, Joseph Coburn Birecior Pacific Northwest Indian: . : ie : 7 ; 7 a ; 4 ¢ ; al Se tebe teal, 4 * ~. . eveldped by theBovific Northwest Indian Reading andLangvage Development Program > ‘Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 800 Southwest @ixth Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97204 Copyright © 1981 by the Burns Paiute Reservation roy Albeit reserved. “The wprk'upon which this publication i based was performed pursuant to Contract Nos ng nth he Hdacainnl Baty Group MlcaltraBinguahDvsion 0 oftive Nationaftnstitute of Pacation 1 doesnot, How er, neceegariy refi the ~ > Stowzot tht gene + . 4 Printed and ound inthe Une ano inca yg” ée ~N wg i AG 7 7 a Taka x ree : a Coyote was with Esha who was gging to be in fight! As Esha was getting ready, he told his brother, “Don’t watch'me qyen though you hear a\otof fighting: Don't even peek.” _~ 7 oS 7 y “og un a an Ase Fr Cy fe 4 Coyote gould not stand look: ing at his brother, He heard the fighting outside the teepee and cided to peek-through alittle crack. At that ingtant his.brother was shot and fell to'the ground.’ , . me: ot wy ¥ : pea; ‘_ Egha’s énemies roasted him, then cel¢brated their victory by. # > dancing. Coyote tracked them to the dancé/He waited until th - feasting. He knew he had toget one of his brother’ bones. When they “Weren't looking, hie grabbed bone, He carried it with him | ~7 ot everywherghe.went, At night he would buryit in the ground. He did this fot several days because his nosiness had caused his brother’s + death. He wanted to make up for it by carrying the bone with him, tela fh we ae ry - eg Sed us> One morning he heard a yoice tel him tobuild a campfire. At first _ ‘oyote thought he was hearing things’ bb} the-voice spoke again! Coyote 1d6ked-around the camp, then realized the voice belonged to Esha. _ ' ihe BA \ ~\ N He gathered some wood dnd built a big fire. His brother had come back~ to life. Coyote was 80 happy tosee him alive that - he did everything his brother wanted without cofnplaining. 4 7 : a: 103) - )Ee. b + Problem of being a handicapped WHAT YOU ARE TOLD. “Walk AMile = tinauarin “AIM 3D ‘To beiter understand the Pretend you aré a person with a broken leg. - Think ofthe problems you might have. The two daughters in Na-See-Natcher, paid for their “*. Write I can’t stand if when ..:(and finish the ‘sen- unkind behavior. The wet boy could not help the way “ < tence). Combine all the sentences to make,an T, he was, just as many ‘cannot help how they ‘Can't Stand It poem. look, what skin color they have.or what: handicaps they gay have. ‘ Indian pope believe tha life hag the potential for . forth beauty. Every, blade of grass very a fourd brother, every t clement of the earth, of the air and of the water has a reason for being and seeks to do great things - create beauty. y When someone is different, try to: understand. Most people donot choose to be that way. If you were to live" their life as they do- walk a milein their moccasins - for a while, you might begin to understand how that per- son feels. ’ . GREAT SPIRIT, GRANT THAT I MAY NOT CRITICIZE MY NEIGHBOR UNTIL I HAVE WALKED A MILE IN HIS MOCCASIN. 104 woe NESEaE 105 —DO WHAT YOU ARE TOLD 7 $ 7 +. NASEE-NATCHEZ _ 19B . > “= . oy yom mo ad your pga SINGLE HAND ALPHABET enyéronment: How alert gre your senses’ ‘You will need an Elder for thip activity. | dm The Elder ‘should blindfoia the family - bedwshould have an member(s). Each Ei ie eae ens ey hoe ‘© When you return from your journéy, discuss how it felt to use only one-of your senses at a time. © Now try forming letters to words using the hand alphabet. for the-deaf. Divide into pairs and take tums spelling a word, having your partner guess. , 106 Ry ~ a oP te eat y 107\— im Long ago there was a . yourig man who lived. with: his grand- “mother. Nobody likedto be around him! because he was alwayhy having acsidents. 109 Bardse fthem, He asked his grand- at do I do when I want to mai ‘one of these gixls?” jd him, " Visit their parents and ifthey want you tomarry. : Sanghtery, they will Tet tay the night.” So.the young ming of the tepee. He sat there all evening until his “daughters to let him sleep with then go that Na-Seo-Natchiet would not get cold. . : * Sy ea ERIC?” . : soe 110 4During the night the young man had an age; ; dent. He\wet the bed. tie \> girls threw him out of the , bed aiid told him to go home: * ‘The youngmancried _ Ci é “and cried on his way home. “ ) Was going away to thé mountains. He toldher, =~ “If you hear thunder, stay in'thetepeeand «33 don’t look outside.” He went into the forest and_ . ged his heayt out. The Great Spiritheard him - - and gave-him horses. and mapy other-gifts 7 Na-See-Natchez was rich! a . 1Thunder roared as Na-See-Natchez came off of the mountain." His grandmother heard the thunder and remembered het grandson’s ° i wish. She did not look outside, When the ‘young man arrived he showed his grandmother the pretty gifts. When the sisters heard that Na-See-Natcltez was rich they tried to be friendly, but he just ignored them. They were sorry tlity had kicked him out of their house. They knew they should treateverybody, "the same, no matter what kind of, heis. SL . “a a. tey ERIC AIM MD Tobetter understand the problems of being’ handicapped Person The two daughters in Na-See-Natchee paid for their unkind behavior. ‘The wef boy could not help the way hé-was, just ag many / People canoe help how they look, what skin’ color bon have oe 4 ‘or ie handicaps they may have. ‘ i Indian people believe that all life has the potential for bringing forth beauty. Every blade of grass, every four-legged brother, every ‘two-legged brother, every "element-of the ,,0f the air and of the water has a ‘reason for being and seeks todo grea things - create, uty. . : . When someone is different, try to ‘understand, Most people do not choose to bethat way, If you were to live their life aé they do- walk a mile in their moccasins - for a while, you, might begin to understand how that per- "eon feels. ° : 1 -113 BO WHAT YOU ARE TOLD, NASEE-NATCHEZ "Pretend you are a'person with a brokén leg, Think ofthe problems you might havé, © Write I can’t stand it.when ... oa finish thes gen- tere). Combi Ca "¢Stand] ne All the sentences to make an I ' Poem. oer ‘SPIRIT, GRANT THAT I MAY NOT CRITICIZE MY NEIGHBOR UNTILI HAVE WALKED A MILEIN f15 MOCCASIN. ¥ : _it4 19A: . > ' . i N 7 . Ln DOWHAT-YOWARE TOLD & a . Pai RRSHENATCHED , 9B You medal our sie a baw your tet SINGLEHAND ALPHABEG: otitdoors. Stop along this journey and relax. The \ fice time you stop use only-yourrnose, Nant three things that you smell . ‘Continue on your sotbney, stoppin topping occasionally to \ ap aaae environment. How alert are your senses? You wl eed an Er fr hin wei * » de » % 9 t y ‘The Elder \should blindfold the family & member(s). Each member should have an. A Elder for » guide o Bo in-a group-hanging * -onto hands Sy By 4 ‘ ay 4 *. Follow the Elder ona journey through the school: z “touch, hear or taste, The isst cease pou should use - ™ is_your sight. Open your eyes! Continue on your oO jourtiey, : ‘ ® 6 , & # * When you return from your journey; discuss how it j felt to use only one of your senses at a time, 7 : - * Now try forming letters to words sing | the hand WY s : alphabet for the deaf. Divide into pairs: and take . * turns spelling a word, having your partner guess, Y Z ; - 115 . : a 116 |PPR RE w, ¥ “ a | g ; 4 | 8 7 * ~ ‘ “2ad A bear and her two cubs lived close to a deer with two fawns. The ‘ animals were camped near their yapah digging grounds. Yapah iéa tasty root the Paiute Tribe gather when available. .~ Everyday when the deer family went digging the bear checked for lice on the mother deer’s neck. ‘This made the mother deer very . . nervous. She told her children, “Oné of these days the bear wil . probably kill me. She ischecking my neck too often. If this happens F will not return home that night. If do not return, you should leave right away.” ° * 118 The previows numbered page In B.. ‘he onpinal document was blank,tos One day the bear bit the deer’s neck and killed her. That evening | the bear packed all of the deer meat into her digging sacks.ant . returned to camp. When she arrived she told the deer children, “Your mottier has found a lot of yapah and is going é camp there overnight. - She.will start digging in the morning,” 419 noes . oe ~ ;and teased the fawris."” : ar ,. Phe fawns ‘decided to get even by killing the «_ planned to do away with them. The next P2820 |* Ss ‘Tie fawng told the bear cubs that they would play a game with them. Evgyone was to help dig a hole.They built a fire to'make smoke. TA fawns challenged the ee cubs to see who couldstay in the smoke the longest, When the béar cubs could stand the smoke no longer they were supposed to call out, “Smoke! Smoke!” and the fawns - ‘would et them out for air. They took turns playing the game until the a bear cubs,wentt in.and the door was closed, Soon the bear cubs cried _ out, “Smoke! Smoket” but the fawns ignored them. Overcome by the smoke, the cubs suffocated. - farThe favins then took the cubs and put them-by their camp agit 3 they were standing up. The fawnamade hoof tracks in the dirt so mother. beay would get confused.’ They had ime to escape before o : mother bear.came home. .* When: smother bear’ got hoe ‘she sensed that something was . wrongas she dumped her bags. Finally she figured out which way the . tracks were headed'and followed them. 18‘The fawns were resting in a pirie tree , when they looked back and saw her in the distance. She caught up wigh them and begged them to come down: She told them théir mother had come home and wanted tose them: The fawyjs knew this was trick and didn't pay —— any attention to her. After mother br begged and beggedyshe finally fell asleep under the pine tree. Seeing mother bear asleep, the fawns broke branches and threw them on her tosee {she was féally asleep. ‘They kept doing this until they were sure she was fast asleep. Then they jumped out ofthe tree and ran away:ab ERIC + river. ‘he mother bear woke up and chased them. The fawns came toa ”_ big’river and knew it wag too swift to swim aeross. The bear was about, tocatch them! They saw a crane fishing long the bank so they asked, _“Untele, can you fly us on your back across the river?” + He said)" “Sure; get ori.” He togk them over ‘ the rivey-and flew into but people. “Don't be affaid of @ who walks silently. He is the one who will harm you.” The cRmnereturned to tH6 other side of the + 20 i\Stay-here where youhave———— -When the bvinrreached thoriversheiaked the erene totake her * across. The crane warned her to stay still- When they-wereinthe middle of thie river, the bear asked the crane ifshe could getadrink of water. When she finished drinking, the bear tapped the crane’s knee L with her clay cup tg shake out the water. “Ouch!” shouted'the : and quickly folded by his legs The bear fel] off into the water'and floated.away! . wt % M ~ ay - im » dat,BESL-COPL AVAILABLE ae7 ERIC- EARTH, SKY, WATER stisaswornoonis! ERIC AIM 3p,» & ‘Coastal Reservations Port Madison’ Skokomish Muckleshoot ° "Muckleshoot . Shoalwater Bey 128 leo Plaine +14 ‘Tribe(s) Reservations _ Tribe(s) Reservations” Tribe(s) Suquamish + ~~ Fort Hall Shoshone’ _ . “Blackfeet Blackfeet =} Skokomish . + Fort Belknap ~ Gros Ventre”: 2 Lo Sioux names of the tribes and where ‘ther reseryations are * 7 RESERVATION AND TRIBE PARTICIPATING IN THE . PACIFIC NORTHWEST INDIAN PROGRA Shoalwater Bay~ EARTH, SKY, WATER AIM HD "r think sbont ihe habitats in which different animals live ‘THE BEARS AND THE DEER 4C 2 DESCRIBE THE HABITAT GAME * Cut the wheel out or’ trace it on another piece of paper to cut out. Cut the spinner out and attach it loosely wheel with a paper fastener in the'center. * Spin the ofr. Narre an animal that lives in the are& where the arrow lands. Imagine you are that. animal. Describe what'you ° See: Write about your habitat. Write about a day or-an event in your life. Read what, you wrote to a friend. ” \ GUESS THE ANIMAL GAME With two to four ners take turns spinning the whéel. One per- sonis the spinner, The spinner mut think of an animal that comes from. where the arrow lands. * The other players must ask. stions-that require a yes or no answer as they try-to gece what animal the spinner is supposed to be. The. player who .guesses first ‘becomes the spinner, 133”“Ghost Woman, : The , Indian Reading Seriesaay een eer te Note WheSkull Story? x - Ghost. Woman__* Level'V Book 4...” Developed by the Blackfeet Tribe * Doris Old Person, Coordinator ‘Carmen Marceau ‘ , Sune Matsey 7) Patricia Tateoy tee ‘Patricia Tatsey Bachaun : Mustrated by Melviri Tailfeathers © \ Joseph Coburn, Director Pacific Northwest Indian Progr Northwest Regional an Poa tale {PFExped trteaaiae tatetingee bere re si “opmrgn © yt Bacio Tbe ny ee ¥ 7 LIgmterihhn p nrcda Contenct [No 400-80-0108 with ;Croup/Multicultural/Bilingual Division ational Ea a+. THE SKULL story 5A. AIM I> ‘To increase understanding of the -—donain a circle. The Sky is tound and Ihave heard that cycles that exist in nature Following is an important statement by a famous fio Medicine Man named Hehaka Sapa or Black Yow have noticed that everthing an Indian does is ina circle, and that is because the Power of the World . always works in circles, and everything tries to be “round. a J In the old ‘days when we were a strong and happy peo- ple, all our power came to ug from the sacred hoop of the nation and so long as the hoop was unbroken the, people flotirished. The flowering tree was the living center of the hoop, and the circle of the four quarters nourished it. The east gave peace arid light; thé south ~ gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. ° This knowledge came to us from the outer world with. our religion. Everything the Power of the World doesis * round like the the earth is-round like a ball and so are all the stars. The Wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again ina cir cle. The moon ‘does the same, and both are round. Even the'seasons form a great circle in'their changing, and always come back again to where they were: The life of a maniis «circle from childhood to childhood and s0itis in eveything where power moves. Our tipis were of birds and these were always set n's hoop, a nest of. many nests in a circle, the. where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch’ our children. : ME ee mtumarene. 140 |‘THE SKULL sToRY 5B. , on, CYCLES ™ . ; & ‘Make a list of all the cyclee in nature described by Black Elk. © Asa group, make a collage (using ok aging fa be aoe wee and Lobjects today (ie., wheels, clocks, ball, etc.) 2 * “SKULL RUMMY CARDS ; 7 © Repréuce the card to the right 20 you have about 40 cards Cine + Using a ist with common and suffixes, choose'4 of each and § write them neatly on cards 4 times. You should have 32 cards (4 . ane in 16, 4 suffices written four times eee is 16) ~ a . Sometimes two prefixes lind a base word will make a an = Wit an g.S.cards. “ _._ word. Any roal word combination may be used. . produce find 7 cae CC) HE Gi * ° . a eieehnmendiieo’ wore a * ‘Two to four people may play, Deal each four cards and place the remaining cards in a pile with skull side up. . Asthoe of id collected, the cards may belaid Se . onthe table. If rer has laid three prefixes * Each draws cne card on a turn, trying to.col onthe table or three: , the remaining one may lect three of a kind or making a word witha be laid down aleo, Thp first player tolay down all the ERIC 14] prefix, base wordand suffix, 7 cards wins! 5 ‘s‘te Beas é ae i The Skull Story Pos . We have attempted to te some of | the legen- dary stories which h: anded down from generation to generation by: our. Blackfeet people. The Blackfeet Tribe is located in Montana, U.S.A., but other segments of our. People are located in Al-- berta, Canada. These people are called the Blood \ Tribe, North Pi yand Bla¢kfoot. Relatives and. 7 friends continue to fo back and forthacrosstheU.S. and Canadian border to visit and share'in tribal 7 ceremonies and celebrations.” We especially thank elderly people like Laurie Plume who have shared with us their great wisdom and knowledge about our Indianculture. * 7‘The skull story is:about a skull which helped some Indian “~hunters get buffalo meat for their families several generations ago. - The Indian elders who passed this story op.say.it actually happened. \ People camped art lived in tepees'at the time this story > ok place. ‘Two Bear arose at daybreak. He went outto where his horse was picketed dnd led him down to the creek for water. There, he met s Running Craneand Black Crow. Se ‘The men walked back to Two Bear's tepee and sat down. They " talked of the buffalo hunt they were going on that day. Winter hadjust * turned to early spring and food wai ree scarce in thé encampment. The snowy winter had been lang and cold. Shortly, Flying Eagle and © Many Horses entered the tepee and joined'the group. After deciding to head north to hunt, the men mounted: their horses and rode off. ‘ é 145 The previous numbered. page. tn. * "he oil document was Bank \ : i‘The hunters searched and searched but no buffalo were to be found. Finally, they’cameto Old Man River located Southwest of Lethbridge, Alberta. : ‘The water was very high and swift from the Rocky Mountains’ spring thaw. The men dismourited and stood talking and stretching aftéF the long journey. Two Bear said, “Look across the river. There: aresome buffaloon ~ the north side.” “Theré are seven buffalo over there,”éaid Many Horses; After much discussion the hunters decided they gould not get across the river because it was near flood stage. oh ©T Black Crow,a person pholovedis tell jokes, started kickingata small dirt mound near some brush. He unearthed a human skull: picked the el 1 up arid talked to itn the Blackfeet language," are you and how did you get here? I'm going to paint this skull wi red paint,” he told the other hunters. Running Crane said, "You shouldnot bother the dead. Let them: ~ rest ii'péace.” "I mean no harm,’ said Black Crow. "This isa sacred, religious ceremony to purify and.cleanse.- When people need help with their problems, they are painted and prayed for: This helps them overcome “whatever is troubling them.” After Black Crow carefully painted thelftcull he laid i + Water. Instead of the skull floating'down the river like the hunter thought it would, it floated straight across the river to the north bank. The hunters stared in amazement: ine , 147= 1 i f Wj Mem sh tit ia * ®. : ey seg: % across toward the cated e South bank. The hunters started shooting the buffalo a a the water. Six butfalo ‘were fe kills. : +. : x ‘The seventh buffalo was wounded, but it jumped back intothe —! ‘river and started swimming back. The unter’ let it go. Flying Eagle said, "We were helped to g6t food for ouramiles and friends, We: . ” cannot be selfish and greedy. Let the skull ‘himself and for others who are hungry.”‘\ The hunters butehered the animals and skinned the jnides from. =: the six buffalo. As Indian peopla butcher; they usuglly eat the so orbrisket, of | the animhal'while the parts are stil] very fresh. Flyii > Eagle cuta piece ofthe kidney and brisket and placed them in the _ tiver. He said, “We will share these with thé skull spirit.” . .. When the butchering was finishéd, the huntersreturnedto. camp. They were:amazed by what: hadhappened that day. Two Bear ‘said, “I believe the skull’s spirit and other spirits the skull called, helped -us get food for our-people today.”.At-their Jodges they-thanked the Creator for providing food and for meeting their needs. 28 14BeOS QF a oS a Women of Wonder ’ . Co Sepebmeabphes AIM 5 By derstand the impor- <- Make alia 9f things that women did for their y ab Serommrass tw family, tribe in the ‘time of these.two Women ee Read, the: dé ion of Indian vo *womin on the dther-side of this card: Coyote Man in Ghose Woman was punished becat . \ hg nat apprecite hia wie Weareoften guilty of Make alist of things that women do today. for granted the many things that are done’ tus each day - especially by our mothers, our” - - } © Discuss how these things have changed and make a sisters and our other female relatives. list of possible reasons why. Try these same three _ ep or nan men : «Pretend -you, are White Rabbit Womin, Write a story about yourself as- you grow up in. your, hear, smell, touch? What i. do you think abant? ( + How do, you feel about Mad Bear in } sie Rabbit dia appreciate high wil, White ‘Womafl: Find some sentences in the’ story which tell you he cared for his wife. e\ your life? i Dail a ise _|. Je . : oe z : : 7 . : GHOST WOMAN a Qoon : - » WHOTE RABBIT 18B Indian We coy : i : mn * oe \ pot 5 Indisin women‘have had strong roles in their familes and their’ tribal governments and'religions. : Throughout history: hay been guides, interpreters and scouts as well as negotiators for peace. They Ellas meine men tne een ls ioe Inn wma ub oper nd in other groupe they were supreme, i m1 . There were powerful female spiritual forces who. had maveh to do hth erpaing the world and wee hence highly by their tribe, aie : In traditional cultures men and wornen divitled their duties. Because the woman is the creator of life, he took care of things that were related to . creativity; planting and harvesting crops, , making mats; baskets, pottery and bead. work and caring for the children. Indian women did not think their lot in life a hard one. They did what had to be done for the survival of the tribe. There was a pattern of life and the joy, of creating was . They knew 7 153 7,a‘Thé Blackfeet people have different types of | ceremoniés to. help; ‘their People v who are. ack or who are having problems. The following story is about the origin of the fly ., pipe cefemony which is used by a group of the Blackfeet | people to spiritually ‘and physically heal the sick. : . J14 ERIC Coyote Man and his wife Otter Worfan had a little boy named Flies Along. One day Ottér Woman got very sick-and died, Coyote - Man really loved his wife. The'little boy-Flies Along became very Tonely. He cried for his mother every day and night. Flies Along was'so lonesome for his mother, he became sick. . : : /. 7 \ asCoyote Man told his people, “Ipity'my son and [love him. Ialso miss my wife. I lovéd her very much. I'm going to look for her.” Coyote Man headed east. He walked during the day andslept at’ ‘ night. He saw all kinds of animals and birds. 7 : » 158: 15aoe sug Animals and birds would come to him and saiy, "We pity you. We* ”* now what you are after; but we can't help you.” Coyote Man tried to find Big Sand where he felt he would find his wifé. He believed when Indians die they goto Big Sand. dsl . ee) 7 159 : DOne night while Coyote Man was sleeping, he heard people talkinff. A man’s voice said, “See this man lying here? Stay away from him and don’t botherhim. Gosome place else. Leave him alone andllet * bim sleep.” ‘The spigit told CoyoteMian, "Ieel sorry for you. Tknow who you dre and what you seek. You will find your wife and will take her home with you. You must go through a sacred ceremony. There are certain - things you inust remember. . 7 ( ~ . . vo og 7 7: ; a : Coyote Man realized he had finally reached Big Sand, the land 7 of the spirits. % aa :, _, The next day four sweat Jodges were built. Sweat lodges are + used for spiritual i ‘ansing. Soon Coyote Man saw his ~ * wife Otter Woman approaching With a pipein her hands. He Was very: ~ >» jhappy. The gj fittold him, “Now we mui mony before your Wifp'can go back wilfemora: . a ee a ‘ ‘The woman went into the first sweat lodge. When she came out, there were all kinds of bugs, weeds arid small sand piles left. She went into the'second sweat lodge. When-she came out there were léss bugs > andweedsthan the first time. Otter Woman went into the third lodge. Hardly any bugs or Weeds were left. There were no bugs or weeds at ) all in the fourth sweat lodge: . eae: . : . The spirit told the man, "Now you have your wife back, You may go home, Take this fly pipe wit you. In future genevations, use the fly pipe and the ceremony we have just completed to help your people. Make this sacrifice for your people who are ill or needhelp. When you get home’go through this ceremony again. Put up four sweat lodges > > “and use the pipe as I have intact you. Remember always be kind 7 to your wife, Do not call her Ghost Woman, or lazy.” . ine 7 os *” ~ ‘ & ‘ S S164 : . a% . Coyote Man took his wife home. When he got there, he set up four sweat lodges and did the pipe ceremony as hehadbeentold. > . __» When Coyote Man and his wife entered the first * sweat lodge and came out, the lodge was filled with bugs‘ and weeds. The same thing happened with the second and third lodges. The fourth lodge did not‘have any bugs or *» weeds in it. . ; Coyote Man apd his wife lived happily for some time a until he started becoming impatient with her. Coyote ‘Man. - . 4 said," You forget everything I tell you to do. Sometimies, you do the gpposite thing.” 7 a ~s Qne evening, Coyote Manandhisfriendssat around |“ |. the campfire eating and-elling stories. The fire started 3 -burning low. “Otter Woman, put some more wood on the fire sit will keep buxning.” Otter Woman put water on the firp instead of wood. The men in the lodge knew Coyoté Man was angry so they went home. After evefyone was. gone Coyote Man told his wife, “I didn’t tell you to pour” water on the fire. I told you fo put moreqood on it. erybody knows you are a Ghost Woman and lazy.” - * ey eden ’ ao n a“) 3 . 166 Enc| Otter Woman went to bed screaming and covered up with a | 4. buffalo robe. Coyote Man thought about what he had said. Hereiem- bered he had been told not to call-her names like “Ghost Woman” and “lazy.” HeWent to where his wife was covered with, the buffalo robe. Jf TN of ae : : 7 . é i o 167 j~ 2 Coyote‘Man pulled the robe dawn but found only a ékeleton there. Coyote Man never got his wife back. However, the sacred fly pipe ceremony for cleansing and healing people is still carried . on today. u 168. ay 25i DORIS OLD PERSON i a . ’ Yin a aeS” > JUL 1985 ex. RECEIVED ayy INDIAN READING SERIES | ° t C ories ¢ ‘Legends of the Northwest 4 (> (|. The Lodge Journey. . The Lone Pine Tree Level V Book 5 7 Developed by the Blackfeet'Indiaris* . . Written by: . ik toe a7 » | o. Carmen Marcenu : . . Doris Old Person : : oo Sine Tatsey ew 7 Patricia Tatsey Baghayin Ulustrated by Melvin'Tuilfeathys 002°. 71 7 + Joseph Cobiven, Director, “+ 3-9) 7 . | ay."Pacific Northwest Indian Program? +" “= “Northwest ogional BdveatonalLabrathry x Regions y“Developed hy the Pacifie Northwest Indian Reading and Language Development Program ‘Northwost Regional Educational Enboratory, 800 Southwest Sixth Avemue, Portland, Oregon 97204 Copyright © 1981 by the Blackfeet Tribe AAMT Aghte reserved “The work upon which this publication based was performed pursuant to Contract Nocton-o10g withthe Haatonel Equity Group Multealtural gual Division Oitne National nasa of aeaton. Toes no, however, necessarily rect the sieeget that agen tT Prosar nits me Ma 172 x eto :| ; Many years ago a Blackfeet Indian chief died. He was laid to, i rest in a lodge some distance from the encampment for a period of four | days and four nights. After that time the Indian camp was going to \ “move ortto another area. 7 174 2wae ” ' oa ’ "Some ’old ladies of the camp decided to go to the chief's burial lodge and cut'some of the fine hide from the lodge for moccasins and ~ leggings. They sharpened their knives and slowl proceéded toward the burial lodge. If took thern a long time to reach’the burial lodge. Because of their age, they traveled slowly. They were sneaking be- cauise they were not supposed to bother a dead person's possessions. It, is believed the person's spirit will come and reclaim their possessions during the night 175 can ‘ °Sy * reves inst unig dance ‘toward th iz6 four times ang the approptigte-song and dangedrtoward theilodge for.the . - - first time. One ‘of the obi! ladies pierced the, Jodge withther sharp knife. : Then they backed. Lewy singing, “Weare going to get.some hides for they rested awhile, Bach time they*. Thwas beginning to get dark when one of their grandsons hap- pened to yide by. He saw the old ladies preparing tojbakeygifie of the hide from the lodge. He was a child who delighted'in teasing his old , % grandmother. A plan formed in his head. Quickly, he tied his horse "and egept into the burial lodge. He 14id down by the boily. of the dead : chielpand waited for the old ladies to finish dancing and singing. 177 : \ > 4 . Ay Finally; the old ladies danced toward the lodge in their sneaky way. They were all a little afrajd but became brave asthey rippedthe = hole down to the bottom of the lodge. They,rushed to look inside. They were stunned and shocked to see a ghost standing inside the lodge ‘ , 178:Cae MW ve BR YP _ . : a ’ ‘The old ladies were so frightened by this strange sight that they >. turned at the same time and tried to run away. As they turned, they 7 ran into each other knocking one another down. 9. imal a wt 7 . : 7 oo ‘ . ai ERIC ..* : a Als i. :The grotip was pushing, yelling, cfawling and grabbing onto each other in an attempt to regain their balance in order toget away’ - from the ghost. They forgot all about being old and sneaky?’ ,” « * . 2 ans - t See Po . 180. 4f g WZ —_ eet ; Maat. Was i =~ See : * hurried in gs fast as possible talking to each other in breathless and ye, i: ‘Eventually, the vld ladies reached a thicket of bushes. They . supposed soft voices. They were still Frightened and hoped né one saw them. The group hurried on, finally sto] tolistenand regain their “ . breath” ~ tt , 22 :oO . € We. 4 . After the ladies had rested awhile they logked up and saw “ another dead body buried in a tree just above them. The hands were Jenging down & if reaching for therm Again they began grabbing, yelling, falling over each other sind running as fast'as they could .. through the bushes, an ty : oe 182. . . 7 myThe old ladies'passed a bunch of magpies that were making a lot of noise. In fact the birds'seemed to be laughing at them as they ran away. Thé ladies didn’t stop. They continued stumbling on, trying to . . get away from'the burial grounds. e ; a . \ en 183 WL po q 7 an“ Atlast the old ladies réached the main camp. There, they learned it was the grandson who was in the lodge and not a ghost. They decided to go back again. Thistime not only did they d do short dances but they also sang veryshort songs. As the aldiadjes crept and‘opened the rip inthe * lodge, a big black crow flew out. They were so frightened they fell down’ crying and began praying for help. ee 184 0° . ~Ale After nothing éame to harm them, they jumped up, gathefed | their hides for moccasins and leggings and quickly started for their lodges. t a 44 1860:mtn Vali . a “wal separa — + >\That night as they tried to sleep, their legs began to cramp and hurt. They thought it was the chief bothering them, wanting his hides back. So the old ladies decided to tsike the hides back to the burial” lodge. As they arrived they began t6 pray to the dead chief for protec- tion. "Please don’t bother us any more. We love you and respect you. * We are returning your hides.” ". +> : a at eric i of ‘187 aad_.. Wheri they opened the door to place the hides inside, they came faceto face with some big black éyes. They thought it was the chief. Although they soon discovered it was'a porcupine who was inside the. lodge, they dropped the hides and ran aya as fast as they could. 46 ea . : > 18 : : ERIC mt & jin oe \ ;_ get hides for moccasins and leggings again. They were content to use what they had in camp. y es J 7 ERIC / 4 ; 189 | 7 wo“Tepe Creepers “AIM » "To wtite dialogue and a script * Lo DIALOGUE - Dialogue consists of the exact words that, people siy. when. they , When you write what people say, you put # ‘words in marks. the story and put a big mouth around the » words that cagge out ofa character's mouth, The they becky Sra @ mae ting quotation marks at the corners of each mouth. ee \99 ,A SCRIPT A written for puppet stage Pee ene a tet aren rr |’ * Now put a smile gn each mouth you'made by put- 4 Pop eee TS EEL , y ) LODGE JOURNEY. 6A *. punctuate correctly visualize (havea clear piu’ in mind) have a different sense of time and space be able #6 visualize the action in a story and “write it in, play form “he Jo of exptwnter is to ma eins and : dialogue believable. g Write'a script using story dialogue. Start at, a the beginning of your story and make a list of all the sentences that are dialogue. In front of each-sentence, Gre character's nese thet, . is doing the talking. : , © Read your list into a tape recorder and then listen to i Toho story ‘or are parts of the story “I Rrertignenrtigect Itig like act- ing it out, To improve your dialogue watchingiRY to be ik people say and how . they say it pectied actioris for each character to do while the players in written form. A person who writes for * these‘things'is@ scriptwriter. . change the: dialogue to include more action 4 scriptwriter must be able to: rer laying the story : . ERIC 390 . ee 191. ,, ROLE PLAYING “Voy * : (Chenin story witht using words: J eaeees ava Youd have to hhave'a whole story. : “8 and one ror ota out this character. Copying that : . “7m your Roos Winds grip, ake taro a 7 a. ing out eome'tifferent characters, ‘ ‘a chain smoker 4 busineseman 192 ® = LopcE JourNEY 6B “a fish in a pollu . different clouds vos trees ai the seasons change 4 shy person'on a crowded street * an invisible man, i “your tegcher . 1. Soa take toa i tie on your if ‘Try again, it il ‘better. : . . “ A © After each group finishes, talk about whait was liked about the performance. This will help all the actors know: what expreasions rections were bast for hat - . situation or story. © Put it all together (dialogue, ‘script, characterization). Write-a rolé story script. Give it to another : a 7 : role play and sityation or a- to role play.4 4 " ‘Tepee Creepers > Lovan sbunnsi, 60° AIM »>: Ce tep - . ANomiiER PaBER PUPPET 7" So ‘AP, PUPPET You wil ned : : < . vy e Dain ct ii fp, fold corner > “envelopes / | slue toward center » construction paper scissors \ B, . a cila, --. ‘e Tumipaper over, . ec: . eto es | . Hold the puppet as shown, QE Papin ppt can beach ou ano 194 2 su ¢! (Po yor hinctahn mee : sO * Frame the paper: between your rpm and Fourny ‘ nn . , 7 Lope EB JOURNEY 6D £. PUPPETS WITHOUT MOUTHS "GROWING PAINS “ Ktiock out orie end of a peanut: Pgint a face Puppets ia bl ong end ais how yousen > oe sal Aliach ih tape of gh too help: i 7 “land a hand. Your puppet no life until ~ . Dram poopie oF rope (ren, moon, sun, et). Cut out and tape to your ing. Ag : - oz + PUppet, THE PLAY - Taking you characao through hr ime ud thee possible. It is hard to hear if. having averything come gout right isthe funand enter, Jourre behind a stage. Ss “puppet sound like. to enigar ther ‘Good puppetry can be fun and entertaining, ° f Sherr foc vmer 3 goo poppet ply ving. amie gnden © 7 Pc tee HGH end to the point. "time to make yotr voice as! ae and movement of the ABC's. sao nl you open your mou pho jour characters dre - ° Help your puppet say no, think, ery, sheeze, ~ what the s snore, read rum, hop, fa, fly, skate, dance and Se sneak: Mi it comme alive “yo oe See hsported pat nt Was | i” Napii isa legenidary: figurisof the Blackfeet *, * Indian culture. Hecan do anything and anything i can happen to him. There are a greathumber = of storieg about him that have been passed from ° ‘generation to generatign. He can changeinto: - » different types of figur and have many different * kinds of personalities.’ Let In this particular story, The Lone Pine Tree, we . attempted to display the humorois part of Napi along with'a moral. Our people have a good senge of humor and are excellent story tellers. Many of these stories are atill told in our Blackfest language. We give many thanks to people like'Joseph.Old Chief, - one of our elders, who has helped us a great deal. may 7 Napiza=aw — asin saw 4 . . ee—asinsee: * wv Vo aggMani years ago there were two Indian encarnp- ments, These encampments had many-lodges. They were _ Close together but very unusual. In one camp there were . just men and in the other camp there were just women. "The men‘and women often looked toyard each other’s - camp. It seemed very lonely at times‘and they often Feta difficulty doing their daily tasks. When the men tried to cut dried meat they would cut their fingers and thumbs. They couldn't cut big pieves of meat. When they would hangit, they would build a fire too © large and scorch the meat. This and other daily tasks around the lodges were just'toomuch for themento 4 vhandle. . On the other hand, the women were also shading difficulty. When they would go buffalo hunting tlig horses ‘would get scared Becsue of their dresses.and buck them off. Often they ended ap walking to camp with tired, sore and blistered feet. The women had 4 hard time lifting the * heavy meat onto thé back of their horses: Many other incidents happened that softened their hearts toward the men.bch wa told the men, "I am getting very tired t of doing all this work around camp. I know you are getting . tired of it too. I will go over to the women’s camp. They are | ~ my living very good, I want to talk'to them.” ~ 7 . . -Napi groomed himselfand put on his fur cap made of coyote paws. e 2010 23 ‘een Pe gts my . oe 7 . Napi went to Eagle Woman, head of the woman's camp, and told her of the hard time te men were having. He said, “These men are really haying a hard time. [ want to ask if the men and women can live together in one * camp.” -)- . . . . The head woman thought for awhile. “The women “are getting tired rteathelnn wood and.trying to hunt for meat for their camp. Yes, we agree. But first you must go: “gid tell the men to sit up thereon the edge-of the hill, We will get ready and come over and each pick a man that we want for a husband.” Napi wént back to the mén’s camp. ‘Phe head woman told the women to get ready. They were going to choose a husband. ‘25 203. enc‘agle Woman said, “I will pick first since I am the head woman.” Rressed in her work clothes, she lookéd awful. She thought to herself, "I will pick Napi.”“Tam not going to get dressed up,” she told the women, “that way, whoever I pick will not be my husband just because Iam pretty” ‘The men lined up on the edge of the hill. Old Napi was right in line. Medicine Hérse told the head woman, _ “Napi is the chief. You should pick him, Eagle Woman, since you are the head woman.” Bagle Woman walked over to Napi and picked him. Napi twisting his hands said, "I do not want you for my wife because you look funny” “tha fine” ” said Bagle Woman. -She walked away and went back to camp.NG 27 -ip Eagle Woman told the other womeh about thainci- dent. She described how Napi was dressed and told the * women not to pick him. Eagle Woman then proceeded to "get all dressed up. She looked very beautiful when she | returned. Napi did not know she was the same woman, He kept jumping in front of her wherever she went, but she wouldn’t'selecthim. * |S204 4 a) : r ” 7 a 2 |, 1 . + ~ ‘ Lo * a MELVIN TAILFEATHERS 212Me or A Lone Pine Tree V i. THE LONE rus 20A AIM »* understand the menting of , being ing prejudiced YOU CAN'T a ‘JUDGE A PERSON - BY THEIR O| APPEARANCE ‘The qualities’ of kitdness and warmth toward others + are very important. They keep one from being lonely. j_ Look up the words prejudice and stereotype = > in the dictionary and write the definitjonson . . 8 piece of paper. : . In your Four Winds Family group discuss what the” words mean and make lists of timed you have seen or experienced prejudice. ‘ * Play a card game of Old Maid and describe how it to be tho Old Maid. Why did you fea that way? ose who Atay away from others can easily exag- gerate the degree of differences’ between people. ‘Think about the phrase, fear of the unknown. Usually, this makes us think of traveling under the water or outerspace or to far away plakaj. We also fear things that are near to us, however, like other (a black man, a blind man, an Indian, an albino, a crip- ple, a midget). ‘Wemay fa] afraid as if we were alone in a datk room. 213 © 7ERC Think about times you thave been aloné‘or felt - alone “Think about times when yo have seen others alone Seine alene can be both.a good thing and a bad Me Wiite'a poom about being alone. Use the word alone to start each sentence. Aleit inithout aves col windy Aone sing uri Horke nd having to wait fii matt lar met ore © Now you try itt Read the followit es we INBE, “and. “au ter mak INE AUT: and nk ever behold the iat “MEWISE that 1 mit tnd the things you have taught my people ; ; SQ WHEN LIFE FADES, as’the fading sunset, my * (2 spirit may come to you without . tN ‘THE LONE PINE THEE 20B I SEEK STRENGTH, iiot to be greater than my brother, but to fight my greatest enemy - myself. MAKE ME\ALWAYS READY to come to you with - clean hands afd straight eyes: 216 - eeCE ee aa ge ime E a 3S te ed a i oe =~ i [=] >is THE INDIAN READING SERIES Stories and Legends of the Northwest . “Mary Queéqueesue’s Love Story Level V Book 6 Developed by the Flathead Culture Committee _of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes Clarence Woodcock, Cogedinator ‘Tony Incashola Mary Linsebigler ~ Pete Finley ‘Mustrated by Dwight Billedeaux: Joseph Coburn, Director Pacific Northwest Indian Program. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory aDevelopment Program st Sixth Avenue, Pordiand, Oregon 97204 ‘Developed by the Pacific Northweot Indian Reading and La ‘Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory 300 Soythwee Copyright © 1981 by the Seliah Cultural Committee, designated as the Fepresentative , ole Eonedera Sefjak and Komnene) Tribes ofthe Flathead Reservation ‘Allrighta reserved. ‘The work upon which this publication x based was peFferined pursuant to Contract ‘No, 400 80-0108 withthe Educational Equity Group Multicultural Bitingual Division Stine Nana iat of cent. aoe ok ewer, mcr eet he Siew ofthat genes. m vanctedtantia mUntatSutectanenen, 219 acho SS ie ei EL,ay LA Pend dOreille Story ‘Told by Pete Beaverh ead+ Mary Queequeesue wastelling on herself about _. » when she wasstill a young woman. Mary said, “I gotmea , -hushand,’a young husband. I was just starting to really » like him And was getting used to having him around when + “anather woman ran off with him. He got himself a younger wife. They were married bya priestand | started ryingaround) ye =) “221°mg! i When the Indians moved to the prairies for their summer bunting, Mary went with them. Phey reached the ‘plains and Mary was still crying around. Early one morning an old woman came into her tepee and sat down. “Tam going to tell you 1 something,” shesaid. ~*~ “Go ahead and tell me,” Mary replied. "You are very lonely for your husband because he ran off and got a younger wife. You have been lonely and crying around.” . “Yes, I have been,” Mary answered. 223ry The old woman said, "Iyyvasn’t thinking about you - but last night when I went to sle¢p, I had'a dream: Some- one pointed and said, ‘Look at her. She is lonely’ I looked and saw it was you. You were sitting there crying. Then I saw your husband with that other woman.” Yes,” Mary said, “all of that is true.” Then the old woman told her, “I have medicine for what P’ve been telting you- You will have to pay ahigh price if you want my medicine. Pay me with some good things and I will fix it so you‘will get your man back. I cannot doit for nothing. I want to be happy too. You will be happy and I will be-happy with the things you give me.”Mary told Her mother about the old woman. Her mother offered to help her by giving her a woman's dress. | It wasa really nice dress, a buckskin blanket, moc- “casins and other nice things that Mary laid before the old woman. "You already know/what the horses look like,” she told the old womap. “When my man comes back, I am + goingto give you the horses. You can take alll these other things now. Will all ofthis make you happy? Isit enough?”4 IThe old' woman looked the things over and said, “These things aré good. They make me happy. Thank you. “Thank youl. Now We can make your man céme back.” “Early tomorrow thorning,” the old woman told Mary, “Tl come get you and we will go down to the water — so you can bathe. But today fix two little dolls. Makqgmne doll aman and the-other a woman. Fix a buckskin dress” for the Womar. Make’a little boat out of tree bark. Tomor- ° row morning we will go down to the water and fix it. [1] have my medicine with me.” Bee N ti "LS ny \" iEarly the-next morninig before the sun.came up the old woman asked Mary if she was ready. Mary said, “Yes.” ~ “Okay, lét’s go,” the old woman told Mary. | They went down to the water. When they got there the old woman ‘said, "Take sft youre clothes. We are going” tobathe.” When they firlished, thé old woman told Mary, “Go get the little dolls and the boat, you made.” : Mary went after them and walked back into the , water up to her knees. “Now put the two dolls on thé boat. That man doll is your husband and the wgman doll is the woman he ran off with. This is my medicine. Take the male doll back‘and _ let the woman‘in the boat go.” ¥ . i 231 $4N ; Mary let go and the woman doll floated down the stream. "My medicine wi ikzeach yo ur husband today,” the old woman said. “My moiiched8 Strong. Four days fr from toy your husband will be back."\ ‘They were a long way from Maiy'sh husband and the” other woman. NN “He will try to get here in four days,” the Bid worn said. "Ifhe doesn’t get back to you in four days he wi “Phere is nothing we can dojif he doesn’t make it. When ye get back to your tepee, comb your hair and put rouge on. If ‘you have scents, put some.on you and your bed and pillow so you will smell good.” + ete 1 233 :“Tomorrow morning come down and bathe by your- self, Go back to your tepee and fix yourself up again. This = — - is what you are todo forthe next four days. Dothis when +” you are alone.” : “Because your husband ig so farlaway, added, ‘I don’t knowiifhe will take it back in ti . won't like that other woman anymore and he wi her”. “Ifhe gets back, do: away. Make him beg you. *t pay any attenti im na Jive him a rough fimOne day went by, then two and three. Finally, early on the fourth day, just past midnight, Mary heard a horse . coming. Her husband must have stopped at other camps. and asked which one was hers. He came up to the tepee and stopped. When he’came in he looked around. Mary could see him clearly.’ .- ; eo . . ee ¥He came over to her and said, "Is that you, Mary?” She hollered, “I’m Mary. What you going todo about it. I don’t wait to see your face. Get out here.” He said, "No, don’t talk like that. ’'m lonely. Lmissed you. That's why I ceffne back to you. I deft that other woman. I don’t like her. She is no good.” Mary told him, "You are no good just likethat "+ woman. Go on and get out of here.” 2 He started erying and Mary thought, ‘I'd better 7 quit. He might really get mad and leave me again.” Mary grabbed him gnd er him. . 7 ( 2394 ‘They stayed together for a'long time, Finally,one day Mary told him that he could leave ifhe wantedto. She * was getting old, That was when they split up for good and she married Queequeesue.»_ / MARY QUEEQUEESUE’S LOVE STORY BA Mi to go : "aya ei fo trough a grmony 1 . erempnies which’are important to Indian people. Indian for mother. earth, ‘ee ces kno shat bout ur fplaw erenturen sures there is no life.” Indian people believe ye tat the rents ofthe wen° MARY QUEEQUEESUE'S LOYE STORY 8B A shaman was believed to have ural powers. de ‘Do you own or know of an ob- __» The tribes of the Northwest const both i and . ‘Qp" ject that you think has special women shamans who it was believed * powers’ is it? Why do * powers from supernatural beings. The beings » . youthink ithas special powers? . ~ apoke though the shaman, Among ‘Among the” . ms : 7 aida and ‘a powerful shaman had - - ages . , many spirit helpers. For each he wore a : 7 . ~~ © Do you treat this object differently than other things you own? In what © Is this object decorated in a certain way? : CEREMONIAL OBJECTS" ‘The objects thst were used by the | pete RUE «atte cet scree can. : objects. They were used with a C would you feel if strangers came and special ceremony and were consid: ~~ < took pictures of or the ceremony? ered powerful. ‘The masks of the coastal Shamans are also cerer®nial objects. ~ © How would you feel if strangers found Discuss these questions in your family OL this object and put it on display in a ° srouph245, — “ERIC fs 246“THE INDIAN READING SERIES Stories and Legends of the Northwest. True Story of A Ghost” A Young Warrior > TevglV Bark? ; ‘toettibns es . Jerome Fourstar Coordinator ‘Josephine Tepsha ’, + Geraldine Clancy Mlustated by Joseph Clancy Stories told by Jerome Fourstar Joseph Coburn; Director Pacific Northwest Indian Program ‘Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory E4 Aa i Ohad 3 © \ True Story of A'Ghost «kK ghost is.a spirit of somegne who} has died andis earth’ bound, This story is about a ghost who chaged four teenage boys. It * happened long before the man came. y ‘The Plains Indiansburied their dead by placing the body on’ scaffold. It was customary to. bury the personwith the their most valuable possessions... {<= Sg *s Aman had died. andhe ‘was buried in the traditional way of * the Plains Indians. A} the same time the burial wastaking place, there was'a celebration going on about eight miles away,s At the celebration were four teenage boys. The oldest boy ~ was about sixteen. Althongh they were all having a good time at the célebration; the oldest:boy wanted to leavevand ride out to the — burial grounds. He was curious abont the dead man’s belongings. He really didn’t want to go.alone and he knew his friends would never agree to go there with him. Itwasa scary place andjyould be a ‘oes ride to get home before dark. } > —\ /7 T He decided to make up a story about going hunting. He knew his friends would Iéave the celebration for that. They all liked to hunt and they would be anxious to go along. 7 The boys left the celebration and rode their horses toward the burial grounds. The oldest boy did not tell them where they « were going. He just told them they would hunt in a secr¢t place. Theboysrode along and did not ask any questions. They tok heir time and only walked their horses. - Kea ad rial grounds. The boys were sur- prised/ Theyzhad been tricked intq going there. The younger boys didn’t like being there. They were't scared and wanted to leave. 7 Mf. The oldest boy said, “We have come tpisTar. Let's Took at the dead man’and see what valuables he has.” ‘The younger boys protested, “We better leave now. It will be dark before we get home and we will all be in trouble!” ‘The eldest boY paid no attention and climbed onto the scaf- fold where the dead man was lying. He was surprised to see all the valuable belongings the dead man had. He decided to take them for himself and his friends. He then gave each of his friends some of the dead man’s things. ¢ : 255,yh Mis I \e The boys were scared and didn’t want to keep them. The '~ oldest boy said, “The man is dead-and has no use for them. Go ahead and keep them.” The older boy was about to climb down when he-saw the dead man’s Sun Dance. whistle around his neck. The younger Bol were scared and anxious to leave. They were already on their horses and called to the older boy'to hurry up. : The older boy dimbed down, got on his horse and they all started back tothe celebration. 7 Tidy had ridden a short distance when one of the boys felt very nervous and uneasy. He felt like someone was watching them. He nervously looked back toward fle burial ground and was terrified at what he sav The dead man was climbingdownoff the scaffold! He shouted to the others, “Look! Look!” Wheri the other boys looked they too saw the dead main. Shaking and scared; , they wanted to get away as fast as they could. The dead man was ~ heading straight for them. i) an ~eS . 4 ‘The boys made their horses run faster but it didn't help. nf : matter how fast they-went, the dead. man was, getting closer. They. couldn't get away, They ran their horses hard but it was.no use, " ‘The dead man was gaining. One of the boys yelled, “He wants his things: Give them back!” The boys began throwing the belongings to the ground.When the dead man reached the spot where his things were, he stopped and lovked at them’ He started after them again even faster. He was getting closer and closer, The older boy realized he * still had the Sun Dance whistle around his neck. He threw it: downi so hard it broke into many pieces. . ‘ PS tcc WY gy ved Wh ad We ceeeees a 4 ee | “SN | . hae eter : When the dead man got & the spot where the oldest boy threw his whistle, jhe stopped and picked up all the pieces. He stood for a moment staring at all the pieces. Then he turnet and slowly walked back toward the burial “ground. . M ete ny potehe tan 7 7 do pgp tt Ls : ath } - Coe, ‘ Aas putea, ue : nie col oe Hy Sv ans ese : 2 fareva The bape tind hele gs were exhausted ting late. straight home. When the boys ar- rived home, they wenit their sepa~” rate ways to their own tepees and Ne I pounding ‘but: shana _celebiation ata slower, “Pac _ Ithad been a Jong and -_went.to bed. awoke he wrong. His parents told him, “One * of your frierids died during the night.” He wondered if it had something to do with taking the things from the deadanan, :, During the night the oldest boy woke up: sounds. It sounded like people cry- ing and praying. He wasso tired he fell back-to sleep. He didn’t wake ~ up again wt morning. When he \d continued back to the y decided to go heard strange 1 something was‘The following night he heard the sounds again. People were. crying and prayi In the morning his parents told him, “Another of your friends has died during the ni - very seared now that twp of his friends were d On the third night it happened again. S 7 : crying and praying in the night and news in the morning that -.-_ another friend had died. The boy was scared because he knew he | would be next. He knew the dead inan’s spirit was getting even with them for taking his things. \ “ ~° Tonight would be his night to die. As the boy got ready for bed he prepared for his own death. He put on his good buckskin ° clothes.and his bést moccasins. He didn’t think anything or anyr. one could help him’now, He thought of painting his face'red.to keep away’ ie bad’, spirits but it seemed too late for even that. He didn’t want to die and decided to.use the red paint anyway. Is was worth a'try. Ashe .- ‘was putting thd paint on, he hadmany thoughts. He felt he wasto blame for his frignds’ deaths. How-wrong he had been to take - things that didn’t belong to him. He wassad and sorry for what he * had done. ™ 258 ;When the sun rose next morning the boy's father shook him _ to wake him up. Whenthe boy woke his father said, "Why are you wearing your good buckskin clothes and your best moccasins?” The boy was surprised to be alive ut he was very glad. He told his : » “father about hé and his thie’ friends leaving the celebration to : visit the burial ground, - “[ thicked my friends into going with me: When we got there , ave took many of the dead man’s belongings,” he said. He told his father how the dead: aman had chased them-It didn’t matter how Sast they made'their Horses run; the dead mancontinued to follow ‘them. The boy described how his friends had thrown thedead ” ‘man's belongings on the ground but he still followed them. The * boy said, "I finally realized the Sun Dance whistle Phad taken at from him.was stil around my ng¢k. I threw it to the ground and . the‘dead man finally stopped cHasing us.” x *.'\ ‘The boy’s father told him the reason he didn’t die was be- cause he painted hjé fave red, “The dead man’s spirit had come for yow but whem he saw the red paint he knew you were sorry and . “>! had learned about feelings and respect for others. The dead man . let. you live so-yet-could tel the le story ers,” said the boy's oe othe youngy oan’ slearngil ‘a Valuable lesson. This story, has been téld many times'to remind everyone they must always Fespect the penpley who have died, as well as respect their 259 m“be 28on Magu bay v eee ae ~ Long ago there was a large encampment of Assiniboine * Indians. In those days when a boy wanted to'marry a girl,he had to give her parents gifts of horses and other items such as bear, buffalo robes and buckskins. This was an Assiniboine warrior’s way of proposing to the git he loved. In those days parents never Jet their daughters marry until. they were fully mature (that being about 18 or 19 years old). They watched their daughters very élosely, never letting them chase after boys... With the young men it was the same. Elders would teach them and always watch over them. Youngmen werelectured; told stories and learned to hunt.” , Parents never‘scared children by telling them about ghosts or such things becatise when they grew up, they would be brave men with courtige to fight the enemy. They were taught toface the * enemy and fight, ever’if they were alone. ~ \ Tn those days Indian tribes were often enemies who fought and stolé horses from eachother. - 261 7 jaa ikilled and the horses were stolen. - Assiniboine boys around the , ages of 10-14 years old had thejob yg of feeding the horsés and-taking them to water every day. ‘One day early in the morn- ing, the enemy made a sneak attack on the young boys who were tending the horses, The boys were There were other boys tend- ~ ing horses over the hill from where the attack took place.-When these boys returned to where the others were, they found them all dead and . the horges stolen and began prepa: . rations for a war party. me= All the young warriors asked a medicine man to pray for them. One young warrior who was going on this war party wasplanning on marrying the chief's oldest daughter. 7 When the warriors left, the chief's oldest daughter was heart broken, She thought she would never see her lover again. She be- came so sick she died. ‘She was wrapped in buffalo robes and buried in a tepee. Aman stood outside the tepee to guard the body against any flesh-eating animals. The entire camp packed and moved away. \ : rn ° 263 . = a“at ‘That same day, the young werrior returned, bringing with him the horses that had been recovered, plus more he had stolen from the enemy. The entire camp wag nowhere in sight. He saw one tepee with a man standing guard by it. He went uptothe man | ' and asked where everyone had gone: The man told him, “Every- one left after they:buried the chief's oldest daughter. That is why I am standing guard here. I am to starid here for four days.” "_. Aecording'to the Assiniboine Indians when a person died, the person's spirit stayed around for four,days. A feast ishéldon —‘ the fourth day. A medicine man prays and talks to the spirit, \ telling it that it can no longer remain with the living, He tellsit to, return to thegpirit world and not to look back. It is to keep Boing, ge > until it arrives there. The young man told the man guarding thé body, 1u go on and catch up with the rest of the camp. This is* th@girl T was supposed to marry. The least, fican doris stay _ and guard her.” ge ‘The man left. After he was gone £ = > & the young Warrior went into the tepee Te and sat down beside'the dead'girl’s body. He started crying and asked, “Why did you have to leave me?” He thoyght Ke heard something and looked over at the girl. To his surprise e girl sat up. He said, “Oh! You came ack!” i The young warrior wassogladto —/ see her sit up and talk, he grabbed’her and held her, :a‘ 8 NG They lived together ip the tepee | forfour days. On the fourtH day the . me *]- girl said to the warrior, “Well, Imust, be goitig now. You better ga northward and join our people, Their encamp- ment is four days walking distance : from here.” She ther’ said, “When you a : - _ get there tell my father what hap- | pened. Tell him you are to marry my os sister who is the oldest of his daughters now.” , . They came out of the tepsoand - Ae i Sigg |. the gir] kissed the young warrior a\z\ : avodye and left. She went southward. Ale +2 L\>Ao _ into the sky. $ As she was going she started to rise slowly and finally disappeared " Begaiase the young warriox gave all his horses tohegan who . was guarding thetepee, he hadto walk. It took him four daystoget to : the encampment, justashe wastold’ | + |... gawd \__He found his parents were very glad to see himy His farents asked where the other warriors were. The young man told therii,” “They are coming back with the horses, plus more stolen from the -enemy.” He also told them what happened. She told me that I am to “marry her sister, now the oldest dgughter J ._- *Whenhe found the chief, he told him," Your daughter and I lived {together for four days. On the fourth day she retuirned to the spirit world, telling me that I am-to marry het sister. Then she was gone.” The chief told this to his daughter, and she married the young warrior and they lived a long and happy life. . «| Re ;.” JEROME FOURSTAR "PEST COPY AVATAR ERICa on next to you. \_ © Using the story, A Youfg Warrior, chidk the . answers on the card you have. Return the card to its a in ee. s 3 | "8/e' When you get your: correct your, 7° using the story. who é anewerstohapityatnecdic / / 268 ae ni: es YOUNG _ HONS STEALING ON ELAR" ie SA, 7 yoy 3 Horse stealing on the p ‘was"eonatiered very, i ‘Cut the horse card out, duplicate and fold o1 . “a tng 0 g men to do. Horset-were: B+ ~ the dotted line bo.the horsés show GJue the | ~ stolen from enemy tribes. The horse gave tribesamore ‘ “* insides together. ” : stable and allowed hunters to.travel further a : fous soe oo or color one horse. On.the other ~~ 3 yee write ramon to any story of The the horses drag more nin Reading Serie Then write the answers. --4-------- ; "4 : HORSE STEALING GAME * ; ‘ : _ Pat ot a mantic py: 8) ‘The purpose of the gaméis to stesl‘horses from other + players. To do ‘a card from any I 1 1 i ' | ' t a 1 vy ih 1 7 |. 1 ’ 1 ' i ! 1 1 v Ses}: Fe ‘THR INDIAN READING SERIES ce Stories and Legends of the Northwest, A Fishing Excursion Level V Book Developed by the aivehaboot Cugjciom Committee Sharla Wiliams, Coordinator r Writfen'by Charlotte Williams .° : * Mustréted by Arléne Sevay Joseph Coburn, Director Pacific Northwest Indian Program. ‘Northwest Regional Educational Labératory. Yose ae . v . 7 ny e ” Developed bythe Paci Northwest indian Reading and Language Developmont Program Northweat Regignel Edusational Laboratory 300 Southweat Sixth Avene, Prdand, Oregon 97208 — ‘Supstignt 61961 bythe Muckeshoot Tr ‘Allghts reserved,” : : : © 4. > ‘Prework upon which hpuleton bed wa peferned poraan teenie. + + "+ No:s00.80-0106 with the Bdoentiony Equity Group Multicultural/Bingual Division —~ ‘ofthe National atitute of Bdveation 1 doen not, homevey,neceaarily reflec the + Mrenof thabageney vy Printed boundin the United Staten of Ameri& —*rv : +‘The young boys, Beulups (Baa'loops).arid Cha-Za- Hub (Cha’ tsa hub),were sitting by theiver watching ’ their fathe?. Father always brought the boys to the river with him because he wanted them to learn to be fisher- méh. The boys also wanted to be the best fishermen and be able to nei lots of fish for their families t6 eat. Their favorite way to eat fish was dried. They qlso . enjoyed fish when it was boiled, fried, baked or roasted over the open fire: They loved figh any way itwas fixed. ~ Qne day, while they wer® fishing. with Father, they * wondered how he kriew the different names for the fish. They also wondered how their mom knew, how to prepare the different kinds of fish/ Today they decided to ask Father how the different kkinds of salmon got their names. ‘They. noted Father apprieching. By the way he walked, they knew he was ready to go home. The boysran . tomeet him an Beulups asked him if he would tell them a °° story, one he heard when he was a boy. “Okay, son,” said ~ 7 ,Father, “Tove to retell the stories I used to hear.” : S L “Long ago, both the Steelhead and thie Spring Sal- ~ >». “mon used to run in the river called the Stuck or White River:The Steelhead and Spring Salmon got into a fight. a "They fought over whio should have the river'to himself. 4°, Spring Salmon said, "This river.should belong to me be- : ‘cause | am the best looking of all the fish.” : “Steelhead replied; ‘I suppose this rivet is good for salmon like you with yolur-big-head and big belly’“Spring Salrion grew angry. He said to hiscompan- * ‘ions, ‘Let’s attack Steélhead? Spring Salmon attacked Steelhead and took his canoe, paddle, pole and even his vl clothes. Steethead was left with nothing; even his bones * . weretaken! : a 280 * 4 petpore‘stealhgad Salmppn' became bmbarrsgeed and behind thanearest Yew tree. Hemade for himself bdnes of Nexjsvood! He also made clothes. Yew isa very hardwood, is is iy Steblhead’s skin is sotongh; From thesame food He madera’canog, pole and paddles and started back tothe Puggt Sound..* “Befdkg going, he said to Spring Salmon, ‘You may toss your head all you please, as you make your way uprivee Remember, you are handsomély arrayed in the clothes yoahave taken from,me but you still have your big Es head.’ : 1 dels 4 . : : y . / ed 0 © 0"$+ tts a good thing Spring Salnfion and Steelhead did ‘into a fight with the Humpback Salmon. If Hie ick Salm (gered, he brings sickness when- she comes up the river’People become sick with smallpox or something. a when Huinpback first came upriver he ns. He did not wish tohemadefunofby _ anyone. In coming up the river he wished no one would catch him and throw him on the bank carelessly. ; Humpback Salmon came up thé river singing loudly. He wanted everyone to hear him. He sang, ’ 7 x ° Idon't want people to makesportof me:The . - Muckleshoot young people are going to laugh at me because I have a humpback, cbming up the river. ; Pr . : i : q “Humpback Salmon went up the river to die.He . ”; z likedthat, lying along the bank dying slowly. Higsoul” “HFS - always went home to the ocean and returned every spawn- ing season. His'soul went downriver singing. “leks * Good-by_ people. It will be another year before Icome . . rs up the Tiver ags Good. people . 7 “He still sings this song to the Muckleshoot people \ ag he leaves the river which is located along nine miles of * 8 their reservation.” D — vl =, - 284 oy a et : + e ;Spa }y f . 4 ‘Tite boys loved thestory Father told them. it was getting dark and Mother was making Beulups wanted to1 hear ong more story. He asl ed his father, “What is the story about Salmon never dying?” ~ “Once there was a boy who asked the same quistion.” # - _ Let me tell you what he did,” said Father- . “He decided{é make an éxperiment and see whether * the’salmon really live/again: The name of the salmon’ which he experimented with was King Salmon. _ ‘ ane "ys 286“One day, when King Salmon-was running strong, the boy __ speared & salmon and cast it on shore. The boy hid somé cord woven * ¢ from cedat bark. He fastened this aroiuhd the salmon's gills, before the “Iniddle fins and the tail. __ » * "The salmon died. Soon the salmon decayed on the bank and - passed from sight.: 5 m “The following season, the King Salmon run filléd the river front bank to-bank. The boy and all the people gf the village gathéred.on the bank to watch them.’ SAllat once a King Salmon, bound with three cords of cedar barkhround its body, came to the surface and approached the shore. As he had done before, the boy speared the salmon and cast it upon the shore. “Immediately, the boy fainted and fell to the ground. ‘The people called the village doctor. With the assistance of his spirit helper, the doctor told the people that King Salmon had taken the boy’ssoul and carried itto the ocean toreplace KingSalmon’ sul. 6 x “« 288 +“This is why the bow and arzow ae hung up and not used during the time of the King Salmon run. If these weapons are ¢arried around, a tray arrow might strike and injure the King Salmon.” . voy | L 7 289 wo“Wow!Dad, I sure like those stories.” said Beulups.’ "Yes; Dad,” gaid Cha-Za-Hub, “can we hear them again sqon?” + “ "Sure, ‘song. We had better go home riow. It hasbeen * dark for some tirhe and your:mother must be wondering where we are.” ‘ . oA ~7 291. sociper~ G”_ Study the fish closely onthe back ofthis card @ until you oan retegnize each one. * Cut the fish out and lay them face down in the stream (on the table) megetIT Noisunoxa ONIHSIa Vv* : 7 = THE INDIAN READING SERIES te iY Stories and Legends of the Northwest ~The Buffalo oft the’ Flathead: ‘ Level-V Book x Developed by the Salish lation Cultural Cimmittee “ofthe Confederated Salish/’ Clarence Weodooek, Coordinator Tony Inceshola” . Dolly Linsebigler Pete Finley “Agnes Vanderbi ‘Wiustrated by Dwight Billedeaux ¥ Joseph Coburn, Director * Pacific Noxthwest/Indian Program _ Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. 4 7 : 7 feos s = : 7 7 : ar a : 7 AD : o 1 bono ¢ : a oy yo : a doe . Developed by the Pocfc Northwest Indian Reading and Language Development Program Northwrost Regional Eduentional Laboratory, 00 Southweet Sith Avenue, Portland; Oregon 97204 7 Copyrigie @ 084 the Salish Cultaral Commitiee, designate as therepredentatives Salish and Kootenai Tribes ofthe Flathend Reservat eee ea no'*,” Medicine Man Helpg Buffalo Hunters. mel ee oe 7 : 7 ‘ . * . is > When the Buffalo Were First Seen Passing through the Bitterroot How the Buffalo was Used ........., + Coming of the Buffalo to the Reservation “ ‘he Pablo-Allard Herd .. ~ The Bison Range .5. Whenthe Buffalo Were First Seon Passing . ‘Through the Bitterroot 4 7 " Itwasa longlong time ago when my‘Tather’s grand- parents saw a cloud of dust. They thought it might be © another tribe on a war party comin toward them._ lots of them. We don't ‘know how many thousands there. Two scouts were sent outto: see what it was. When they returned they said, “No, they're animals. There are are.”% 7 . - ‘The buffalo came and went through wheré Missoula, is now. They went down the Bitterroot Valley then east over Skalkaho Pass.i 7 te von - eee . . ea - Ee ee & ea. 4 ; People killed someiof the buffalo. They ‘found them to be | good to eat. x See ee 8 / ~ , 805PON AN ye‘They hunted! biufalgeyery year after that. tera ” like they. were chasing after the buffalo, They would kill all they needed until their parfleches were filled. The * vomep woe Jet the men know when they had enough. After that they would move hock from the plaing w where a hunted buffalo, : ™N\ Medicine Man Helps Buffelo Hunters ~ by Eneas Pierre 7 . eee “ On hynting trips scouts were sentont to look for. buffalo. During one buntimgytrip the scouts got tired and’ » | disappointed. They had seen hardly any Signsgf ‘buffalo. - + They-had nly seen six bulls... The chiefs chose their bestshooters and: sent them to = 7 7 ill these six buffalo. They told them to pile the meat in one place after they came back so they could divide the meat. That way each canip would receite ashare of the -rpeat. a. Buffalo were scares. There were only the six that the . scouts had killed. -Theseonts kept. looking ead day. Every ‘ day each man wouldigo a different direction ‘but the: buf, , falo werehard to find... or - . . Finallythe chief gathered i in one camp. They said, “\ | “We should ask Grizzly, ‘Tracks to help out. ‘We | _~ \’arehungry” . .: 7 Ey Doel One of the chiefs was chosen to goSee Grizaly Bear | . Tracks. He told Gi yB ri they had talked about “Yes; we will try it,” Grizzly ‘Bear Tracks toldhim. “We inay have some help, We might seesome buffalo, This as evening you have the chiefs come and see me.” _. _» That evening he smartest chiefs, those great lead- 17.” -ersagainst the extem)) went to see Grizzly Bear Tracks.” He told them, "Build a lodge withthe door facing (Svard the rising sun. Putit up tomorrow.”In the morning they built the lodge. It was a big 7 Jodge. \\L \ Siiter two days Grizzly Bear Tracks came tothe’ ">. "camp. "This evening we Wil goin the lodge,” Grizzly Bear Tracks told them. 7 ‘That evening all the people gathered ‘and wentinto thelodge. * "Are we all here how?” Grizzly Boa Tracks asked. “Yes,” the Chiefs answered. weat . . y le tod ie: dance. Weare going to tafe the buffalo.” The people had their robes vin t them. Even the chifdren had baby buffalo nobes! The older ones had robes & i “made from the yearlings. The} dults all dwned large buf. _, falo hide robes. 1 t roe Okay, now we will begin,” ‘eiaity Bear ‘Tracks told them: "I will start to sing and when I change toa different ng; you all mix together; That is the way buffalo do it. / ‘ou children get into the middle.” 7 + F | He sang,a'special song for the buffalo. This was 5 Grizzly Rear Tracks’ song for imitating the buffalo. \, sy , When dawriapproached, the people. stopped dancing and: wen ck totheir lodges. Grizzly Bear Tracks stayed _ in ddge and slept. The next night they would ‘dance ~ a again. ‘ = ‘Daylight ca came and Grizzly Bear Tracks remained in _. the lodge. When it, grew dark, people retarned ° the . “lodge. Okay, we are allhe Se hese “We'w ii oe : ” When lay. down last ight eae noo jof many 7 buffalo hoofs. It sounded: vee poingto ’terhelped” 7 é Thé feople gang and d Aestiave into night. The be amart chiefs also sang: Late that night Grizzly Bear <7 Macks said, "In the mp ne is.to be very'still.. - The buffalo are goit among us. You are not; a to kil] anyyyet. Wait! betold when. -_. There ee ra ee 4 moti i ‘When the morning light came, the scouts saw the _buffalo, They reported there were many. : "This evening I will choose those who will be thet to go,” said Grizaly Bear Tracks. § ‘ % ‘That evening six men were chosen. Grizzly Bear ‘Tracks told them to go to the edge of the herd and kill five. <-~ cows. “Bring them all back and we will fix them fora ae feast.” - ns ‘The chosen ones went out on their horses. It was ~ . true. There were many buiffalo. They killed the five fom the edge of the herd as they had been told. They tied the - _¢ buffaloto their horses and brought them back to camp.2 o oD ANG: ‘The smartest’ women were picked to cook the buffalo =.° for'thefeast. - woke ittyey : In front of the lodge a place was prepared for the: ° buffalo meat. The meat was unloaded there. Throughout the day, the women were busy preparing and cooking the buffalo. a oe - 2 «That evening when everything was readythe camp. crier went out among the camp. Everyone was told to " gather at the lodge to eat.ESSE 4a SO ee Se! _Whtn they finished eating, Grizzly Bear Tracks’ sang again. “When the morning light comes, you can kill: the buffalo. All of you carrkill what you need,” he told. * them. The were happy. norning the. ‘camp crier told the people we get ready. "Get four buffalo horses and go. We have been ‘ saved.” Everyone preparsd tgo.1 wives, who. knew how. toskin out abuffalo were going ald } There wore several women traveling with the men. £ Ae ‘When the people reached the top of the hill and the buffalo, the chief! lepding-the hunt told them to get off - their ‘horses to pray. e They gave thanks before the chief ‘told | them to go.When they neared the herd the chiet signaled and they charged. Many buffalo werekilled. “The women. began skinning. J Hunters who-could. skin quickly. ‘killed ~ ‘two at a time: As soon'as they finished them, they killed some more. Those who weré not as fast killed only one but * Kept busy skinning ¢ during the rest ofthe hunt: : . . ‘The cries of ‘happiness froin camp were loud. There: . ~ % was plenty of food. The women got very little sleep duting ( next few days. They were busy cutting meat to dry. preparing for the winter. The women! said, “Our arfleches are full. We can’t pack anymore.” : ‘The chief told the camp crier to go out and tall the people, ® “When the morning light comes, prepare to move camp. We are going home.” + <: 323The buffalo meat was dri 7 ; thenstoredin. Parfleches.1 Tt would! [be good to eat for many. “> months. * ; .32. a . Sinew was taken from the hind legs. This is 2 7 the longest strips were, Small s strips peeled off ‘to use as* ~ thread were very strong. ' : ‘Avs were made from buffaloborres. Ayls were ped tonfake holes in the hide. ‘Sinew: was then woyen'through the holes, This was he the ‘women ‘sewed ‘thel hides to- gether. & 7 The buffalo hide was used for: making ‘tepees. It kept the heat inside and the gold outside. a 29~ Buckets or pots were. ‘made ‘by stretching the neck * part of the buffalo hide over a'stump: It was then allowed a todry until hard. The. edges were then trimmed and rawhide strips were tiedon for handles: =" 5°.) * L/ ” es > a “gts ad ~ ~The young men would skin the scalp of the buffalo : just below the horng and along the forehead. They made - © - Theadresses from thebe. The horns were cleanedand= = i scraped smooth to use for drinking cups. 7 E \ 7 7 333): mi had SRE dee %( pes ete ‘ ee ay . The neck part of the male buifalo ‘was very thick, ‘aid strong. This part of the hide.was always used tq make. ropes. It was cut in wide trips: ‘then. atretched 4 yund" pounded wit ne hammer until soft. ‘These made very atrong ropes fog horse’packs and for leading other horses. Bridles and halters were also made from the neck” piece of the hide. The thick,mane of the male buffalo was braided and made into halters for the horses,“. "The largeribs were scraped and.cleaned, then shar-. pened into'scraping tools used in the hide tanning process. © ae ‘Buffalo hides were also tanned to make blankets, _* robes, tepees, dresses, shirts, moccasins and leggings. The marrow from the lower part of the buffalo leg * was used to oil or grease moccasins in the winter. The — moccasins would not get wet, This marrow stayéd:softand would not harden when cooked; aby te A . Brains weye boiled and smeared onhides, They were -~ . then dried, rolled up and tied, ‘These hides could be stored “ for years before being tanned ° . eae,very large. and-long: “This. see ee talied “fell apart and the water became like syrup, forming glie. “» - This glue wag rubbed over bows and arrows, This made * the bows and arrows veryshiny, strong, and slick. Water would not soak through the glue.“ . "The bows.and arrows covered with this glue w were” ‘regarded as the best."They were very bard tobreak’and ~~ would not split easily. . Now you can see why ity was so important that the _ early Indians had successful buffalo hunts each year.is Coming of the Buffalo to the Reservation “ hy Pete Beaverhead u You have read how the Flatheads moved into the* plains in the sumniér looking for buffalo. Once they were near a plate where the town of Shelby, Montana is now located: They found a large herd andset up camp. When the buffalo hunt began, @ lototihe « calves were orphaned because their, mothers were killed. a‘Aman named Samwell Hawk gathered asmall herd of buffalo calves. When the tribe decided to move iomehe ‘, had the calves gathered together. Samwell and his herd - /! would always'be the last one in line as they-moved home. © In the evening when camps were put mp, Samwell would let his little herd graze and eat. As it got dark he would stake each one'to the ground with ropes. Several of - the calves died during the trip. By the time they reached " Missoula ten calves had survived. \oe a He moved sal Moiese whtré he had a log cabin. He had a pasture Hythe river fo? bis buffalo.’ " "Thay were in good shape by then and they grew well. Ina year of two they started having calves and the herd begin increasing in num ‘ 345 sple 346),One day Michel Pablo told him, “I want to buy your buffalo from you. Will you sell them to me?” Samwell said, “Yes, if you pay me well, F'l sell.” _. So Michel bought Samwell’s buffalo and moved them td Pablo. He mada pasture for them and built. high fence. The herd grew larger. . 5 When the grass sfarted growing‘in the spring, he ‘ moved the buffalo Wagons to a pasture along the Plathead River. He built high racks on the wagons and loaded two or three buffalo into a wagon. A lot of wagons were made for this purpose. > The buffalo stayed there until fall. Then they were hauled back to the winter pasture. a“ ‘The buffalo herd grew so large that they ran out of — ” pasture land. The pasture along the river had been eaten down to the ground. The fence had been built on three sides. The side toward the river was left unfenced so the “ buffalo could have water. Some of the buffalo crossed the river at times,‘That fall when Michel Pablo went back with his mer + toget his buffalo, he couldn't get the ones thathad crossed the rivef. They became wild. A lot of Indians went a: the river to hunt the stray buffalo, but they didn’t ¥et all of them. There were two that were seen at times but were never killed. Thatiis hoy.the buffalo got to the Flathead reserva- tion.In 1884 Charles Allard and Michel Pablo purchaseé— ten buffalo from a man named Samwell Hawk. ~ Later, in 1893; the two'men purchased another herd from a man named Jones‘at Omaha. This purchase con 3 , >. sisted of forty-four buffalo, twenty-six of which were . aes purebred buffalo and eighteen of which were hybrids.’ - ‘These additional buffalo brought new bloodtothe herd =, and also caused the buffalo to increase in numbers faster. : ‘The entire herd was then located on the Allard and: Pablo, - ranch which was-beyond Ravalli. ‘There they lived for "several years. 7 ; : >‘The eventual division of the herd began with a gale to Sir Donald Smith, known now as Lord Strathcona. Lérd Strathconalpresented his portion of the herd to the Cana- dian government, four of which were kept for the City of, Winnipeg. The rest of Lord Strathcona’s herd was gent to ” Banff, Canada to be kept in a National Park. When Charles Allard djed in 1896, there were 300 head of buffalo left, Sindghe and Michel Pablo were - partners,,Mr. Allard’s portion of the herd was equally divided between his widow, thelr sons and Mr. Pablo. Mrs. Allard later sold her share of the herd (which totaled about sixty head). to Charles Conrad of Kalispell. This sale ended the Pablo-Allard herd: .. ¥The Bison Range The idea for a Bison Range refuge originated in. 1908 by the American Bison Society. In 1909 under the Dixon’Act, Congress allotted 18,540 acres of reservation land to the Bison Society. This land was to be fenced off and used as a refuge for buffalo. - Later funds were given in the sum of $40,000 and 2 the land was officially purchased from the Tribes. Thirty- four buffalo were purchased frqm the Conrad estate at $275 per head to stock the newly acquired Bison Range. ’ 357 Ee‘ . : Inj1933 a very rare male Albino Buffalo was born. It gg was the result of a breeding experiment conducted at the: first albino. It soondied. The adult male survived. He liyed and became the * famous "Big Medicine” up to his dgath in 1959. ‘The opening of the Bison Range af a National Park kept the buffalp alive. This park gives evidence to the i Aen male was born in 1937, the off-spring of the "traditional way of life of the Flatheadand the buffalo. t from long before the whiteman was here. ®Buffalo a lo of the Flatheads' % BUFFALO OF THE FLATHEADS 12A ERIC AIM SHAD Using tte buttalo chart and Buffalo of the Flatheads, answer these questions 1. Who was Grizaly Bear Tracks? 4 What hind of dance did the Flathead perform to bring the buffalo? #5, Wat part ofthe buf onered ob the 7 best part of the meat’ 6. What are the rawhide bags mail from the buffalo called? What are they used for? es 7.” How ware buckets and: jote inde using the buffalo? ‘Who wag “Big Medicine’? Whigjy part of the buffalo,had the most uses? 10, Which part of the buffdto had the least uses? 36i » “Bbz 11 How ie rewhlide different from the hide? | djat BUFFALO OF THE FLATHEADS 12B shields food STOMACH ~ |, HOORS& FEET buckets medicine bogs buckets BP a reten moccasin soles » cups . : a . saddles bullet pouches, ia stirrups > belts . knife.cases : : : % 363 : ’HAs LieHetrington 7 THE INDIAN READING ‘SERIES | Storjes and Legends of the Northwest, ‘How the Animals Got Their Color ». Level V Book 10 By members of the Klamath, Modoc, spa Peiotecomntice Mare McNair, Coorftinator % jura Hecoctaera Ea rane ‘Conyright © 1861 by the Kisinath Tribe ' Raemariesw ort : suerte ‘ite Nattonal iat f Bc 1 er wet Nowe, Saat 1% Printed and bound inthe United States of aThis story was told Jong. ago by the elders and was passed down through the agés. It uses imagi- nary people. and an imaginary monster to tell how* Keep in. mind that a long time ago alll the animals were one célor, They were all a greyish color, like the color of clouds on a stormy day. : The name of the chief in this story’ isJalydiumps (July Dee-Umps) and the name of the monster is the Ganoks (Ga-Nox). Mee MeA long time ago all the animals were'a greyish color, _ lived together with people and they could talk with Nps 3Te "These people and animels all livedima village'that. | |“ had a chief named Jalydiumps. This chief was'a wasteal ‘leader of both people and animals. ‘37te : : 7 : ‘ « ‘At that time there was also a monster whomythey called.the Ganoks. This ge beast always roamed -, around livirig on people aid animals which he could find. The Ganoks was covered with fur of many different colors. " ~ oo 6 371.ri itk ~~ “One day in the quiet little village, one of the scouts, cathe running back into camp: He was yelling, “The be _. | Ganoks is coming! The Ganok’ is coming!” So all the "+ people and anirhals called on the big bifdstocarry them -° — 7 away. : : ae Now 8 v- oo 6 shee, . 3872 tepeyRo, ‘ r > , The birds agreed to do:this and let the people and animals climl} onta their backs, The birds carried all the people and anjirnals.up into the sky, except Jalydiumps- who was a big fat man. - w‘Jalydiumps was 50 be that one bird epi lift hin off the ground. Even two big birds tried £6 lift him with the sare result — nothing, gs 374 ¥° “4 ’ ce eal Finally, Jalydiumps told’éveryone to leave “Gopm; . he said. “Go on and save yoursélves! Til be all right!” AL the people afid animals left. 2 878; 7 aJalydiumps, wearing robe: made of fur stood and watched everyone as the big birds carried them away to sty up in the sky, He then turned and entered his wickiup and built a small fire. After the fire’bur t a little while he began to heat up some rocks. C a a eric’ - Ve . 376é ( irtiecdne + ail of the wickiups , Alittle while later here came the Gano! dl ‘ip apar S _ looking for people and animals to eat. into the village’ and began to ri i b 5 ERIC =The Ganoks came into the wickiup: he found Jalydiumps sitting by his small fire heating up rocks. He entered the wickiup.and seated himself across the fire from chief Jalydiumps. e The Ganoks asked Jalydiumps,”Why 2 you not - afraid of m The chief replied, “gm not afraid for [feel that Lam stronger than you, oh mighty Ganoks. And to prove this : ‘ we will see who can eat the most hot rocks!” The Ganoks agreed, They were now ready tosee who was the stronger of the two : - 378 “4== Fills He operied his mouth.and tossed.the rock, To the ris looked like-Jalydiurhps andswallowéd the... enc 379°L . ‘ @ . \ ‘They both did this for awhile until the Ganoksgrab- d Jalydiumps.The Ganoks wai inad betause he was in : ‘much pain from ail of the hot rocks he had eaten. Chief 2 > > dalydiumps wasin no'painatall, 14 . > ~ voy 380\ mt hiyypyysyyspbiow merece x . ie « Meanwhile, all of the animals and people-began to worry about their chief. They sent a humming bird down to see if their chief was all right. The hummingbifd left and went, ZING, down over the village. *". i aeu Allthat thehummingbird could see was Jalydiumps = : of and Ganoks rolling-around op the ground. He flew,ZING, back to where the people and unimals were, to give them « his report. He told the people and animals it looked like - their chief was being attacked and killed. C 382 . 1 2 + . ?eal What the , hummingbird didn't know was that the Ganoks was dying, _ After the Ganoks died Jelydiumps skinned him. He then fook the Ganoks’gréat fur and put itoverbimself and placed his owin tobe over the Ganoks. WwW.a mmemnpyyyy yi Ai boere et ee a 7 Slydiumps began singing about how the Ganoks : \ had killed Jalydiumps. He then turned what had hap- pened around and sang of how Jalydiumps had killed the Ganoks. * After the hummingbird’s last report, all the people and animals became more worried. They sent the hum- mingbird down to take another look. ZING, down over the village he flew dgain! 384- f But this time he saw what he believed wad Ganoks standing inJalydiumps’ wickiup singing abgut how he had Killed Jalydiumps. The hummingbird didn’t - * hear the rest of the Song. ZING, back he fiewtotell —, < of their chief's death. When the hummingbird | \ e tragedy, everyone began to cry. tS "a9 7) 385.) ;(Ll fe AS \ : \ \\ = + Meanwhile, Jalydiuriipe-got up, traded the furs back -» 7 again,and went outside of his wickiup. He yelled up at all the people and animals. He yelled, “Come on down! Come on down! It’s safe now!” 7 ? 7 » ii * . CeAll the people and animals rece; Jalydiw - and began their descent to the village. They reaghed'their . * “village and everybody was happy the GanoksWwas deal . 3 and theirchief wa all right. *: ; % oe 7 7 . : “Bh : ; asaid, “Get in line all of you! Pll give yougechi the animais'lined up to receive their cols. . , : After all the animals lined up, Jalydiumps tookthe ° * Ganoks’ many colored hide and cut a piece out of it. . ~ . zy! ._o 9 388 ; ERIC ; “. ., First in line was Deer s9 Jalydiuimps took of brown colored fur and laid itover Deer: Thisi is are brown. » : °°. 389 a Bae whY'deera 23‘Then he tobk’some more fur of different shades of ; . browns and blacks and covered some bebrs. This is how _> | the brown bears, black bears and grizzlies got their colors. 390- Next was Raccoon. Jalydiumps cit strippofblack to lay over Raccoon. This is how Raccoqa got Bis strpes and . mask. . " | :Jalydiumps continued this for a long-time until he ( : began to run out of the multi-colored fur, Almost all of the * animals had colors. Jalydiumps had only one small piece of black left. He looked down and saw a small mudhen. 392. :, “Jalydiumps told Mudhen, T'mreally sorry, Mudkpn. \ This is ail of the color I have left.” Jalydiumps took the small patch of bla¢k and laid it * on Mudhen’s head. This is why the Mudhen has a black ; head and the rest of him is grey. : fo From that day on animals had different colors, thanks to the great chief Jalydiumps!AIM IM HD > Sp tala good look at ie ating ot » bag igus . rv’ \ . ‘The Chief Jaly tine cach anal Inc different: by giving each its-own color of fur. Every living thing is unique, in order to _ understand better ¢ Every member should take about five minutes to study their own orange. Some may want to pretend the orange isa friend: Name it, Feel it. Smell it. Real- 'y get to know it: + Aller everyone as studi hier orange return ll oranges to one place and ask your teacher to mix’ them up thoroughly. * In family groups, go to the,mixed up oranges and find a yours, e394 ep { 7 ‘After everyone has found hia/itr orange break into * Jour Four Wind family groups and make a ist of ll the things that helpedyod to find your orange, (size color, ete). + WE CANSAY THAT EACH ORANGE IS. UNIGUE AND THAT MAKES IT VERY SPECIAL. i Now make a ist ofthe ways that people are sp" also unique. (size, color, etc.) . -STOP! THINK ABOUT YOURSELF! things make you different of the billions of people on On a separate sheet of paper cutout pictures _ from magazines and write down three things you like best about yourself, ‘6 Add three things that you do-most often ard like to” ‘Add three thing; te + Add your favorite color to the list and ‘also your favorite food.» Return to the council lodge apd conipare how every; one's lists are different. You may want to make a bulletin board about being unique. . ao d. “395. » HOW ANIMALS GOT THEIR COLOR 13A.9 ERIC 4 * ‘ Q . : now anmats Or-riir covon 13B . . FEED THEGANOKS~ _ © Out out the mouth andréck shapes to%st through” | - _f mouth, nie . Now that you have thought about some ways you are a 2 face + unique, think about things you do well andthings'yau * Puta box the Ganoks to catch the rocks. 2 donot do s0 well. . a * * Write math . In your Four Winds family group decide on a - or words on each rock. Box. © Challenge another family to feed your Ganoks using * Change your rocks and start over! Make a Ganoks Box and Rocks | <5 ' , On tagboard, draw a large Ganoks and paint: & itor tear paper for its colorful fur... ~~ 396. '” ry WINTER » "MONTHS | _ The Indian Reading SeriesIE INDIAN-READING SERIES Stories and Legends of the Northwest *” “Winter Months Level VBook 11 , 7 By members of the Fort Hall Reservation Committee Maxine Edmo, Coordinator Srey ond Ine M. Evening P. George Sadie Punkin, Jy, Mostly Bin Aon ving Joseph Coburn, Posi Norihweot ndlen Program Northwest Regional Bducationsl Laboratory Sos, 399,» ‘Deveopodty the Paige Northwest In Reding and Language Development Program "Northwost Regional Educationsl Labératory, 309 Southwest Sixth Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97204 Copyright © 1981 by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes ofthe Fort Hall Reservation + ‘Allrighte reserved, ‘The work upon which thi publication is baged-was performed pursuant to Contract. [No, 400-80:0108 with the Educational Equity Greap/Multicultural/Bilingual Division of tho National Jnstute of Education It doesnot, however, necessarily refeet the ‘ows of thet agene. Printed and bound inthe United States of America 400 i“A long time'ago when animals and birds were people, many® different kinds lived together in a large village. This was the time — when'the earth was first formed and there were no seasons. ; ) . 7 . ue wale. 40r5: :‘The people in the Village were undecided about the length of the _ \ seasons. They were.espevially concerned aboutsthe length of the ~ winter season. + { 7 7 ae : \ 402 }The leaders decided to have a meetig andvoteonthelengthof . the cold months. The meeting would be held in the largest tepee. : =e , \ : ee : 3 , ef 3 ERIC »~ 403 . }All the leaders, except: Coyote, agreed winter should last three months.. e - Soler 4 A ; ~ 404Fi ay , i so stil ti ; y ¢ Be 7 Teh This worried the leaders because they thought Cyyote’s vote ‘woitld make winter last longer. ‘They tried desperately to think of a _Way to block Coyote's vote..One of the elders said, “My brother Woe- bee-bah-noh-ch (Jumping Mouse) can block Coyote’s vote.” Sort. 7 Se“A plan was formed. Jumping Mouse wasto Jump up. of winter.” Jumping doorway, As soon as Coyote started counting the sprlng ménths,— ‘and say, “We only want three months ftYZ YN) I JPN | BTN OG, \\ Gp pnt A Then Jumping Mouse was to walk out arid everyone was to 7) *# follow him. This was the only way they knew to outsmart tricky old ‘ Coyote, 7 o ‘4 _ ¢ ERIC \ 407 CG. eee oman : 7h SN . :: ‘The meeting went just as expected. Coyote satin thecenterof | . "the tepee‘and Jumping Mouse sat by the door. on % Bo ; “" 408: One of the leaders started naming the months in Indian, start- ing with fall (November). Coyote couldn't sit it still any longer. He. yelled out in a real loud, excited voice, “Wait a minute. Let me count Sut the months.” SO : \ 409 ® aes é oa A Coyote immediately held up hishands and starting counting on his fingers. dod : “f48 ati he\ran out of fingérs he laid'down, sticking his feet in the , aiir, sofee could count on histoes. |. . a : Pe yoat oO SN 4 _ rt7 . BlaYw Tee : When Coyote got to spring, the signal word, Jumping Mouse —— jumped up. : : 7 Jumping Mouse hollered out, “That's it! That’s it! We, will have 4 three months of winter.” : 7 Aftersaying that Jumping Mouse walked out: ofthe tepee just as, planned and the others followed him. io ¥ =e “412Ye This left poor old Coyote on his back with all fours in the air, right in the middle of that huge tepee. ' “413 / iEe ‘ " i wo ar aul HN ho ih 1 yi iN aw a ZZ = —* = WW i UWA WS Nat i a : SEW TEION He was so surprised all he could do was sputter. 4 414———— That is how people won the vote to have only three months of cold winter. . 415 7Echos of Time - : WINTER MONTHS S COYOTE ARRANGES THE SEASONS 15A. AIM appre 2 aoe si cute 74 maging that you'are the Sun during a specific season. “APs the Sin, wht wuld yo oe fel, = smell; touch or think about? Can you finish Use a separate sheet of paper. . Ae ‘If Twere the Sun, UfPwere the Sun, —__- "_- - + IfIwere the Sun, If were the Sun, — > a7 > 7 ee? WiweretheSun, 7 > ~~” _- WaNTER MONTHS. : « COYOTE ARRANGES THE SEASONS, 15B ib Avtc Qn Calndar Whe ld th mov ments of the sun, moon'and: Venus into mathematical In your Pour Winds family groups decide on you ofa yemnee foreach of tho twelve months of the year. Fit the month names to what you _see happening during that time of year. » Goma mth ome wih hrf te ‘Four Winds groups: . ia the council iodge vote in the twelve best month names and have each group construct and ilusrate ° a calendar for three of the chosen months, 4 420 a,ERIC? V Book 12THE INDIAN READING SERIES Stories and legends of the Northwest. Coyote Arranges the Seasons. Towel V Book 12 By members of the Klamath, Modoc and Paiute committee Mare McNair, Coordinator Leura Hecocta,Ilustiator : Rose'Mary Treetop ~ Mlustrated by Iyura Hecocta , Joseph Eoburn, Director - + Pacific Northwest Indian Program ' Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory 1 422= % : an NS Developed by the Pacific Northwest Indian Reading and lopment Program Northwest Regional Educational Laboratary, 900 Southwest Sixt Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97204 Copyright @ 1981 by the Klamath Tyibe . AN rights reserve, ’ _ The wor upon hich this publication ran performed purmant to Contract No 00.80.0109 with the Edentional Equity Group Mulicatura/ Bilingual Divison ‘ofthe National Institute of Education, It does nt, however, necessarily reflect the = : ‘lows of that agency. Printed and bound in the United States of Americn 4 4 3 3 +In early times the sun was hot. Often it scorched the earth and people were uncomfortable.."I could be a better sun.” Coyote thought to himself. “I will take the sun’s place.” 424 a?? ' ' 7 - . . So Coyote triéd to catch the sun, He traveled west to seize it but when he EX{there, the sun dropped out of sight; Coybte traveled east to niet the sun'but when be got there, it washigh over his heal. He made a boat and traveled east by water but“ - when he got there, the sun was inthe middle of the sky." "4, -At last, Coyoté went to Frog with his problem. “Help. me get hold of theSun,” Cayotg said. . : os \’ Frogsaid," Yoythrow me against the sun, I'll grab it with my hands and by it down to earth.” , . 7 7 4 3 : : 426‘Coyote took hold of Frog and threw him with all his might at the sun. Frog began hisjourney to try and seize the sun to pull itdown toearth, Beer “te, 427.While Frog was on his journey to the sky, Coyote planned : what he would say upon Frog’s return. Coyote used his special powersand made some places to show the sun, When Frog came back Coyote welcomed the sun waffnly. sr %“Lam very glad to see you and talk with you,” Coyote said. "Your father and my father once camped near here. Would you like to see the place where they amped?” * 7 ERIC ; am) C:*Coyote led the sun toa good camping place; scraped offthe earth and showed the sun the ashes of an old campfire. He pointed to five old tepee poles. “Our fathers lived in this tepee,” said Coyote.___ Coyote led the sun to the remains of a sweatlodge on the + "river bank. The framework of willows was still standing. The “rocks which had bech heated for the sweat baths were also there. ‘The sun was convinced their fathers had been friends and he was willing to be Coyotds friend. The sun decided it was all right to camp with Coyote. ‘ 7 i 431Coyote, however: planned to kill thesun asscon ashe was asleep.-Occasionally Coyote would look over at his companion ‘expecting tolfind him sleeping. But the sun wasalways awake. He always had his eyes.wide open, just as in the daytime. * ERICCoyoteképt his plan'to kill the sun. He made'a big keife anid hid it under himself. He knew the knife was not good < ‘enough and waited afew more nights: He slipped away from the ‘Sun during the day.and made another knife from flint. > 733Each time the two lay down to sleep, Coyote kept watch ing for his chance. Sun would lay with hiseyes open. Finally, one . . time the sun was looking in another direction, Coyote took his Aint and-cut off the sun's head.’ Y Ta, 4 434. Coyote weit up to the sky and became the sun. He found he did not like to spend alll of his days traveling across the sky. Coyote said, "Tl have to put the sun's heag beside his body. Til straddle him three times and he will come back to life.” r Go 485ERIC That's what Coyote did After stepping three times across * the body and head, they grew back together. The sup came to life. He yawned and stretch -- “Oh, Thave enjoyed my rest,” the sun said. "Pm not going, to work so hard again.” 13> “That's right,” replied Coyote. "Tif fiot going to let you. I am going to divide the year-into four sedsons. You will never again be a8 hot as you used to be. Ygu will be warm in summer but not scorching hot. Winter will be your time to rest. Spring will be a middle season when you will be getting yourself ready + _ for summer again. . 14 i : enic? 437All the seasons were happy except Winter. Winter was not satisfied because he thought he should control a longer part of _ the year than Summer. Winter challenged Summer and hisfour brothers.to a wrestling match. Winter won and all of Summer's brothers were killed. The earth became very cold for along time. ERC =, 498 >ERIC 16 e One of Summer’ 's brothers left a baby son. The! baby mother and grandmother took him south tolive. When the baby. grew to'boyhood he often asked about his fathét. His.mother - ., would not answer him. “Where is my father?” he would ask. Bub his mother would not reply. *The boy's mother expe fm to become strong. - / Everyday the boy took a swéat bath in the sweatlodge so he "would obtain the power of heat. From thé sweat bath the boy plunged into.the river so he would obtain the power of cold. = When he became a.young man he was very strong andphad + special powers. These powers were-heat and cold. Qne day the youngnan said ts his mother, "I think I am prepared to meet, anyone and anything.” fe 17 Eni. #\ - 440. b The Young man’s mother was glad. "Now I will tell you _alfgut your fathel\” she said. She told him about the wrestling +. match between the five winter brothers and the five summer ; brothers. ; Q : 7 ‘ 18 - : Leet? : ; . ERIC et eetThe mother’s story made the young man eager for re- (\_ venge, He called the five winter brothers to a wrestling match. : | One ata time the young man fought them: He overcame'the ~, r eldest brother and cut off his head. He overcame the second brother and cut off his head. He also killed the thigd and fourth’ 4 winter brothers. The young manjet the youngest brother re- main alive. b, f° Sf adaB : Tos“Because you are so young,” the young man said, “I willlet ~ + _you live. We shall share the year between us. You will be in power half the time, and will be in power half the time.” That is the way it has been since. i \ LearyWINTER MONTHS Echos of Time AIM y *, ‘To appreciate the importance of the sun and its affect on the earth =~ Cover ARRANGES THE SEASONS 154 Imagine that you are the Sun during a specific season. _ If you were the Sun, what would you see, hear, feel, smell, touch or think about? Can you finish this poem? Use a separate sheet of paper. If Lwerethe Sun, If I were thegun,. If were the Sun, If I were the Sun, i> WINTER MONTHS - So = COYOTE ARRANGES THE SEASONS 15B Sot ue "+ \ihe Sun’and the seagonil'changesthaye always been The Aztec Sun Calendar Wheel translated the move. ‘very important bo Indi people dating back to the _ ments of the sun, moon apd Venus into mathematical time of the great civilizations ‘of the Aztecs, the cycles.. : : Mayang and the Incas, . | . . LS | “North AmericarrIndians based their monthly “calen- - . dara” on the changes in themoon, Each new moon was ‘ described by what was, ing during that time of ee i» ear, (green moony zathering moon, big snow ~ moon, ete). 7 Pane % . a Naming the Months} : -@ Jn your Four Winds family groups decide on ry ‘your pwn names for each of the twelve months of the year. Fit the month names to what you see happening during that time of year: © Compare your month names with those of the other Lf. Four Winds groups.’ « In the couneil lodge vote on the twelve best, month names and have each group, construct and illustrate a calendar for three of the chosen months. 4471V Book 13 EPan ‘THE INDIAN READING SERIES: . X » Stories and Legends of the Northwest ~» Breken Shoulder s (How the Big Dipper and Norgh Star Came to Be) ~ Level VBook 13. * » By members of the Gros Ventre Elders Board ’ . . from the Fort Belknap Reservation : rs Preston Stiffarm, Coordinator ~ Ss Rosie Cofinors ‘Ceceilia Lankford Ugly BFox c Mlustraydd by George Shields, Jr. Narrated by Vernie Perry Joseph Coburn; Director Pacific Northwest Indias Program ay ‘Northwest Regional Educational LaboratoryDeveloped by the Pacific Northwest Indian Reeding and Language Development Program "Northwest Regional Eehentional Laboratory. 300 Southwest Sixth Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97204 Cepia tet ty the Fort ay Indian Comfy, rar entre and Asians Tbs "The work upon which this publication is bised wus performed pursuant to Contract * ‘No. ADO-AO-0106 with the Edveatsonal Equity Group/Multicultural/Bilingual Division Institute of Bavention, It dors not, however: necessarily reflet the oxen Pointed and bound un the United States of AmericaThis is a story about the seven stars called the ” Big Dipper and the North Star. Among the Gros _, Ventre (Grow Vont), these stars are known as __ "Cha-Be-Ka’-Tha.” This means “broken shoulder” and it tells how the seven stars came to-be. i z: 7 _ Long, long ago a large band of Gros Ventre (Grow Vonits) were camped in a big circle. Whenever the Indians camped and stopped to rest, the children\ran offto play by themselves: Once when theygwere all together one of the children asked, "What gamé sball we play today?” ‘Another said, “I know, Let's play bear.” Tb play bear was to play tag. The children were going to play tag and the one who was the bear was it. "They began the task of choosiffg’the bear. All the children, both boys and girls, stood around to see who would be chosen as the bear. ~All of them were quite young except oné girl. She was older than the rest. One of her brothers said, “Hey, let’s get her. She can be the bear. She can chase us like a bear chases all the other animals through the forest.” * x i: t hawt~ . . . wo tgs, © ? 5 &S Asthey played bear, the girl chaséd them around the camp. She chased them thtough the coulees, in the brush and out on the prairie.- She was the bear throughout the entire day. When others play this - game, the one who is touched or tagged became the bear but not this . group of children. The girl was the bear all the time. , ° The children kept rynning andhidingand finally one ofthe boys, jumped up and Jooked arolind to see if they could see her coming.” When he got up to look, there was a real bear standing there._ ” He yelled at the other children, “Look! Thére’s a real bear standing in'the brush. It isn’t our sister anymore.” The phild?en all “looked and sure enoygh, a real hear was standing in the brush. “Let’s get out of here!” the boy yelled, and all of the children began runnirig.: ‘The boys whose sister, was the bear stayed behind. They.knew some- thing had happened to their sister and she was not the bear. She did hot come near them or try to harm them so they waited close by. There -waye seven brothers and they-were all. there: : . One of the children ran to the camp: and reported the incident to a group of men: He said, “We were playing bear out there and the: ~ seyen brothers’ sister turned into a real bear. She’s standing o ba ‘there. Come and look for youpselves.” iy |* - a M - Themen grabbed their bows and arrows and ran to where the children had seen the bear. The bear wasstill standing theranear the _ sevén brothers. One of the men said, “We better kill it because itjust | * | keeps standing there. It must be their sister because it does not harm 7 |. them, but she might turn mean and-harm some of us. She'll pndbably {come to the camp when the boys return.” The memcharged. They shot. ° : . "their arfows. The bear fell oyer and the men knew they had wounded . it. They had shot it in the shoulder with many arrows. “ "*s ‘The men rushed back to the eaimp saying, "Everybody mov ‘Take your lodges down. We must leave this place! We just wounded a ° bear and it will probably go mad. We must leaye at gnae.”"They, 4 immediately brokecamp and left. The only lodge sanding was the, one that belonged to the seyen brothers and their Sister, Eve their 4 parents had left, for they too were afraid of the wounded bear. The brothers stayed with their sister trying to comfort her. They * ~had no medicines and knew of no way tqhelp her Finally, onebrother |. °° .. aid, "Let’s take her back to our lodge and tak’ care of her, She's’. * ) suffering and we have to try to help her.” They took her! back to their lodge and laid her down, She kept moaning and groaning andseemed “ tobe ina lot of pain. The boys were confused and wondered whattodo. - — ,-° * One of the boys said, “Let’s go down to the creek. At Jeast we'll get her ' : "some water so she can drink.” They went.down to the creek and Td ~ 1° ‘brought some water back, After they did-this they went back down ta S the creek. They started to ery because they knew their sisterhad 3.. °° changed int) a bear and was wounded. She was in aot of pain and it was their fatilt for wanting her to be the bear in the game.;epee! Sulesee. : ? : ,, Don't. cry children. I'l help bout it. Tell me what'you * si lenly,.a man appeared and said ug you, I knowsyour troubles. I know all al want done.” 459 4: One ‘of the ‘id, “Our iS iying ner, ,. Bevause she was, one in the sh Mier sind weeds do for her”. ‘ast it." The boys did this andl returned to their a with the'mian. * The’ ‘man said, “You: know, I'm. kind of worried about you hil Ite} you: ‘eer ernie ‘anit youthrée . te yfrom her. She igaabearnowand Si,- + or have any! ing to do with . “y Went. inito'the lodge and” ind: This 3 immediately, sent le the bear wasbitsy trying * ind. ‘s . . 7UY Wg Vy Yy nae akan ‘The boys used the first wish. They asked fora huge prairiefireto. . start. They crossed a ravine and the fire grew behind them. Hopefully, this would stop the bear chasing them: As the fire burned, the boys looked back to see if the fire had stopped the bear. Much to their surprise, thé bear had crossed through the fire and was still chasing them. “fit ” 162ERIC” 7 The boys knew that the bear would soon catch them sifice she © ==. could run faster than they could. They used thé second wish to cov Ln the whole area with cactus. Surely, the bear would be stopped by that: ~*~ However, the bear started across'the cactus patch and wa sobn fullof . large:thorns. “ts a 7 * | Tg ) . 4 6 3 | , elya \ . When the bear crossed theepatch’ she hail tostop and pick the. ‘ Sgr out of her paws: Thi gavé the hoys time to run farther. The ‘r was in a lot of pain from the wound on her shoulder and the thorns in her paws. She was now in arage and could barely see to pick the thorns out. When she was.done she began chasing theboys again. ~___* Whe boyesay her toming and knéw they would iever be able to dutrun her Oné of the boyssaid, "Let's use the last wish. We'll wish for a large patch of brush, one that is so thick even a rabbit or rankether : small creature cannot get through.” The boys made their wish and thé - large thick brush appeared. The boys stopped to see whether the", : , brush would stop the bear. Thgy heard a loud crash, a rustling and ~~ other noises cominig from the brush. She had somehow maddit through the thipk brush aatiseemed tabe oh dhe them. . . ~ ige of catching\\\i Se OS \ \ “ee \\ Aw oe LanMORAQas Wo: 2. ON aa ‘ \*. ‘Phe boysbegari rinning and wondered wMat they could do. They . ' “jad run out of wishes. None of the boys had any power or medicine. ‘They were desperate to get away from the rampaging bear. Then one * said, “Our little brother always carriesa little ball. Let's try it and see + _ ifthere is anything to it. There must be a reason why he keeps it.” ~~ “s\" . They took the balll from the littlest brother. The oldest one kicked it into the air: The ball went high up into the sky and the oldest boy - followed the ball. The ball came back and the next brother kicked it. He also went into the sky. The'rémaining five | brothers did the same * and thg also rose upwards into the gk; jubt‘as the,last brother kick: ball the bear came running * to the spot where the boys had'been. She was still in a blind rage "+ but could:do nothing. Thé boys went high into the sky and became > stars of the night. They stay together and shine every night hoping — their sister will'come back. If she changes from a bear, she will:know where they are and come forthem. °° z ‘To thig day; the Gros Ventres (Grow Vonts) refer'to the Big‘ Dipper and NorthiStar-as "Cha-Be-Ka’” Tha” or “Broken Shoulder,” inegning'the time wheh:the seven ‘bMthers were forced to flee from their sister who hed yarned mito bear and hadgone madover a ~ Ao 47\ ERIC PRESTON STIFFARM ust ogy AVRILEBLE \For Heaven’s Sake AIM =» Using different guides to belp ee ear des paces Stand. outdoors in the country on a clear night and look up. Without a magnifying lens you can see several thousand stars, Our galaxy, the Milky Way, contains ‘close to 200 billion stars, many of them in clusters of -hundreds of thousands: Stars are a good way to find your way in the outdoors. "om ihe BROKEN SHOULDER : ’ HOW BIG DIPPER AND NORTH STAR CAME TO BE 16A Besides using the stars, Indians use other elements in nature to give them their directions,“ * Since moss growa where it is moist and shady, it is usually found on thé north side of a tree out of direct sunlight. Looking for the moss will tell you where North is. * Following a stream downhill may lead to @ road ot settlement of people since people usually live near UW * Rodi of water. , 469.4 = a : : BROKEN SHOULDER - . HOW BIG DIPPER AND NORTH-STAR CAME T0 BE 16B ae Nee waysto find your way iflost in the city. Where the ground and race to the finish line walking like a contact? What Phone ‘number would be good time as do the right hand and left foot. The first to . rae daar * The sun rises in the Bast and sets in the West: By noting the time of day and watching the sun (if it is out), you will be able to find East and West. you cane the wind to help you find your way. * Blazing a trail is sometimes very helpful. To hip cut notches inthe tre balk to inate which you have passed on your way: Just follow the mark- age om your way back. * Always be aware of major land’markings (moun- tains, streams, valleys, etc.) and ne you are in'elationship to them, Playing tag as the childiéh did in Broken Shoulder is’a common game. Here is another'one to try. Kod tha environment ‘ned, i people ‘A Bear Race survive, 7 . * Allplay players ling up side by idein a straight tine. When da:, - In youtt Four Winds groups make a list of _ “Gol” is spoken, each ‘each player must place both hands on would you go? Who would-be good people to bear. The left hand and the right foot move at the sare toknow? * ross the finish line wins. —> _ 471_SO ee a AND B NORTH STAR CAME TOBE CTCL aoa ERICHVBook14 = =THUNDIAN ARAM SERIES, ‘ote ee: | Stns anLagendn afte Nera How the Big Dipper and North, Star Cate Be ‘Level V Book 14 ‘ * An Assiniboing Story - ’ - F As Told by Jerome Fourstar), nN ng Jerome Fourstar, Coordinator woe ays ‘Madonna Fourstar . . . fos Geraldine Clancy S . 5 mS —~peephine Tapaha o t = , Mustrated by Joseph Clancy ~ tore , ord Educational Laboratory ; foci a y . > v . sory 7 ; 7 a. 1 in