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(Thammawimutti & Chaipoopirutan, 2010, pp. 5-9) They discuss on the topic THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRAND EQUITY, PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES AND PURCHASE
INTENTION: A STUDY OF SONY DIGITAL CAMERAS IN BANGKOK. The purpose of this
study is to examine the relationship between brand equity, product attributes and consumers'
purchase intention toward Sony Cyber-Shot digital cameras in Bangkok. They took 4 variables
as independent like brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. To
check the relationship data is collected from 400 respondents and Spearman Rank-Order
Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the variables in this study.
The relationships between elements of brand equity and purchase intention are moderately
positive such relationships demonstrate that the intention or likelihood to purchase Sony CyberShot digital cameras will increase when consumers' perception of brand equity increased
(Hanzaee & Taghipourian, 2012) confer on the matter in hand The Effects of Brand Credibility
and Prestige on Consumers Purchase Intention in Low and High Product Involvement. The sole
motive of this study was to appraise the effects of brand integrity and eminence on consumers
purchasing intensions under different levels of product range. Variables that were under taken
includes perceived value for money, Perceived quality, Perceived risk. Cost effectiveness of
information sums up moderating role between brand credibility prestige and purchasing
intentions. The data was collected by 453 questionnaires that were distributed before the actual
findings were identified. Then Cronbach's alpha test was applied and hypotheses were tested
using structural equation modeling (SEM) via LISREL. The bond between brand crediblity and
brand prestige can vary high/low keeping in view of the degree of product involvement in it.
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Review of data:
A number of researches have been conducted on the purchase intention and the factors affecting
purchase intention. Most of these researches are in the consideration of developed countries. Few
researches are done on developing countries. Consumer purchase intention is the decision
making process used by consumers relating to a market deal in the form of purchase of products
and services from one seller or group of sellers. Consumers go through different decision criteria
when making any purchase decision like brand, prices, quality, performance, features,
convenience and user friendliness.
In recent years a number of technologies that permit consumers to search for information,
interact with brands, communicate with other consumers, try out products, and buy real and
digital products over the internet have emerged. Some examples of these types of technologies
include online product simulations (e.g. test driving automobiles, virtually trying-on clothing),
avatars [animated representations of the user; see Holzwarth et al. 2006] for engaging in
virtual environments (e.g., Second Life), and online chat. Many consumers use the internet to
collect information on products and brands before making purchases offline [Venkatesan et al.
2007; Teltzrow et al. 2007]. Online virtual environments have been identified as emerging
marketing channels [Li et al. 2002; Barnes and Mattsson 2008; Shen and Eder 2009], whereby
consumers can engage in information search, trial, and purchasing. These virtual environments
may offer important advantages over traditional, two-dimensional websites through increased
functional and social interactivity, and can provide valuable brand experiences that lead to
increased customer loyalty and sales [Arakji and Lang 2008]
(Moradi & Zarei, 2011) Confer The Impact of Brand Equity on Purchase Intention and Brand
Preference-the Moderating Effects of Country of Origin Image. The main lucrative objective of
this study is to delve the relationships among brand equity, the intensions for purchase and brand
preferment, through random sampling of young potential Iranian consumers. They choose two
flexible brand preferments and brand equity. Researcher compiles the analysis from 602
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This study can helpful to the Manager who manage selling of smart phones with the help
of this study he can easily understand the customer purchase intention regarding
Smartphone.
This study also helpful to the policy makers who make polices for the country they can
understand better how smart phone will satisfy and what they need.
This study has been a body of knowledge on that particular topic which can be helpful in
future for those who wants to further work on this particular sector.
Research objectives
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Brand loyalty
Brand trust
Purchase intention
Price
E-WOM
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Chapter 3
Methodology
A research methodology has a specified framework for collecting the data in an effective manner.
Research methodology means a defining the problem, defining the research objectives,
developing the research plan, collecting the information, analyzing the information
and presentation of finding such framework is called Research Design.
Research paradigm
Johnson, R. B., &Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004) Paradigm means knowledge which is based on
reality of the world. The experiences, observations and experiments all are the important paths to
attain the knowledge of people and world.Creswell, J. W. (1994) he argued that a paradigm
means the claims of knowledge. It can be understand as when a researcher start a project with
certain assumptions that how he learn and what he learn during his in enquiry then these claims
are called paradigms. In our study the research paradigm is positivism.
Davis, T. D. (2011) he argued that in positivism research paradigm the results are achieved by the
help of experimental models which claims the neutrality and autonomy and it is a way to strong
their work reliability.
Creswell, J. W. (1994) he argue that in positivism warrants knowledge claims came and this
position is sometime called quantitative research, scientific method doing science research or
scientific method. Creswell, J. W. (1994) he argues that in positivism we do numeric measures
of observation and in it we study the behavior of individuals and in it individual start with a
theory then collect the data related to that theory wither it supported the theory or not and then do
some important revisions before additional tests and conducted.
Positivism:
A Positivism approach to research is based on knowledge gained from 'positive' verification of
observable experience rather than, for example, introspection or intuition. Scientific methods or
experimental testing are the best way of achieving this knowledge. The broader context for this
approach is the Modernist movement.
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Probability Sampling
Non-Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling:
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Least biased of all sampling techniques, there is no subjectivity - each member of the
total population has an equal chance of being selected.
They are evenly/regularly distributed in a spatial context, for example every two metres
along a transect line.
They can be at equal/regular intervals in a temporal context, for example every half hour
or at set times of the day.
Non-Probability Sampling:
Non-probability sampling does not involve random selection and probability sampling does.
With non-probability samples, we may or may not represent the population well, and it will often
be hard for us to know how well we've done so.
What I am choosing and Why?
I am choosing probability sampling because by choosing this I am able to collect simple random
sampling, systematic random sampling, cluster sampling etc easily. And this is also the demand
of my research topic.
Sample Size:
I have been collected data from 150 respondents in the city of Lahore.
3.4 Tools of Data Collection:
Data Collection tools are helpful because they provide a picture of your classroom/work
environment. The goal for using tools is to help the researcher clarify information, process
knowledge, and identify opportunities for continuous improvement.
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Descriptive statistics:
Descriptive statistics can only be used to describe the group that is being studying. That is, the
results cannot be generalized to any larger group. Descriptive statistics are useful and serviceable
if you do not need to extend your results to any larger group. Descriptive statistics includes
statistical procedures that we use to describe the population we are studying. The data could be
collected from either a sample or a population, but the results help us organize and describe data
However, much of social sciences tend to include studies that give us universal truths about
segments of the population, such as all parents, all women, all victims, etc
Reliability test:
Reliability is one of the most important elements of test quality. It has to do with the consistency,
or reproducibility, or an examinee's performance on the test. For example, if you were to
administer a test with high reliability to an examinee on two occasions, you would be very likely
to reach the same conclusions about the examinee's performance both times. A test with poor
reliability, on the other hand, might result in very different scores for the examinee across the
two test administrations. If a test yields inconsistent scores, it may be unethical to take any
substantive actions on the basis of the test. There are several methods for computing test
reliability including test-retest reliability, parallel forms reliability, decision consistency, internal
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