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The novel The Long Shadows (1997) is mainly the story of a novel within a
novel (Philip Carstons A Time Apart has a breathtaking story and even a
translation into Romanian, with its own, complementary adventures). The Way
You Tell Them started from an obituary for a writer who died apparently by
accident. This novel is about an intention to write a dead novelists biography.
Actually, it is Brownjohns version of an imagined, much feared displacement.
The British novelist Philip Carston is scared stiff by the prospect of being
stranded in a dystopic, Communist Romania, while his friend and translator,
Carolina Predeanu, who also becomes (maybe partly becomes, ambiguity reigns)
his lover, is scared by England to such an extent that she sees secret agents
everywhere and leaves in a few days, giving up the fortnight she had planned.
The novel reaches farther than a mere geographical displacement. Actually, it is
a spiritual displacement: Philip and Carolina no longer feel at home in their
bodies and souls once they have met, they try to stick together, but solitude is
their fate. Philip dies, Carolina is almost annihilated by the post-1990 regime in
her country, Romania. What is left of all the characters and their fierce struggles
is long shadows of doubt, fear, imagination, emptiness. A novelist dies in
England, a social order dies in Romania, but life goes on in its devious ways. The
king is dead, long live the king.
It seems an impossibility to come to know Alan Brownjohn the man when
we read his blank poems. They are blank precisely because they hide him so
well. Blankness in this case does not mean emptiness, but the idea of a mask for
the author. The poet Brownjohn is in hiding. The novelist Brownjohn is not so
cautious, and we suddenly feel very close to him. The previous two novels did
not reveal so much. His first novel was a revaluation of adolescence, the second
was too well planned to leave room for idle confession. The third novel takes its
time. We are at last in the presence of a writer who, until 1997, chose to be
exasperatingly private. His secrecy is still an obsession, but now we get to
understand it. Everything Philip Carston experiences can be associated with the
author himself, although we do that at our own risk. Interpreting Alan Brownjohn
is a lonely task, but here he helps us more than he may have been aware.
An exquisite, perfectly British sensibility and discretion lie at the bottom of
The Long Shadows. Aggressive characters teem on every page, Carolina herself
is quite harsh if we come to think of it, but the novelist doomed to die (Philip
The title of The Long Shadows was somewhat arbitrary. A long search for a
title culminated in the use of the one suggested by browsing a book of English
proverbs, Old sins cast long shadows. The sins in question were those of
rgimes as well as individuals, in my mind but the title isnt to be seen as
exactly descriptive of the plot.
The shadows possibly remind the reader of Heart of Darkness, especially as the
motto to the first part of the novel entitled Then, though coming from the novel
of a Romanian novelist, Dumitru Radu Popescu, smells strongly of the odour of a
river sinking into the jungle of Communist reality:
The Danube was taking him down and what was incredible was that the sun was
shining red as it was sinking into darkness, and the leaves were rustling, and
there, rising, was the moon.
too personal. The Desperado character is a being all on his or her own. Alan
Brownjohn comments on this in the following way: I deliberately kept the extent
of the love affair secret. (I personally believe that the affair was probably
consummated on one of Philips later visits to Romania!)
Katrin, the heroine of the novel within the novel, comes to England from a
dystopia viewed with irony, while Carolina, the heroine of the real novel, the real
version of Katrin, experiences a dystopia put into practice, something worse than
a nightmare, because this time it is real and inescapable. Carston can afford
describing Romanias poverty or Katrins fears with irony, but Brownjohn is far
more respectful. He has come to know the nightmare and this is where he
breaks his Desperado shell: unable to ridicule the absurdity of the system, he
chooses to relate its effects on people, the way human beings are ultimately
dehumanized, left like limp puppets when the show ends.
The plot is alert and only apparently omniscient. Actually, Brownjohn subtly
adapts the inheritance of the stream of consciousness to his Desperado tricks of
recuperating the logical, breathtaking narration. He debunks two contemporary
myths, similar to Jamess Americans and Europeans: he describes the Westerner
in the East and the communist in the West. Both feel utterly displaced and are
grimly dystopic because of their displacement, of their constantly feeling ill-atease in unfamiliar surroundings, menaced by alien beings almost.
The plot abounds in parallelisms and uses of a deus-ex-machina. There is a
Romanian biographer, too (Mr. Ioan Ludache), Carolina herself provides part of
the English novel and is suspected for a long time of having written the whole,
Brownjohn looks over Carstons shoulder when he imparts his understanding of
dystopic Romania. In this way, characters overlap, everyone is at the same time
the hunter and the hunted. The motto to the first part actually comes from a
novel entitled The Royal Hunt.
Romanian life in the last two decades of communism is accurately outlined.
Queues, bare food stores, industrial suburbs, present and retired party activists
with privileges, shortage of food and provisions that are more precious than
gold, in short, a life which appreciates small things, because the important ones
are forbidden or denied. All positive heroes build their own secluded refuge far
from the madding crowd, wherein they think and do what the vigilant eye of the
Securitate and all state or party officials frown upon. There is inner freedom, in
spite of the general scaring terror. Tim Harker-Jones is not aware of the islands
inside everyone, and consequently feels trapped, even scared. In a country
where all decisions, to the least of actions, are political, the English biographers
going to Trgu Alb in order to meet Carolina Predeanu, Philip Carstons translator
into Romanian, and most likely his mistress, since the Romanian book was
printed almost simultaneously with the English one, so she must have had a
manuscript, is a feat of courage and deviousness on the part of his guide. Small
daring gestures go a long way. Just like the long shadows.
Brownjohn, like all outsiders, is extremely attracted by dissidence. HarkerJones is on the look out for dissident writers and worships any sign of
disobedience to the system. Yet, Philip Carston describes Katrins rather
rudimentary psychology quite humourlessly, which makes Carolinas literary
double pretty boring and unreal. She asks her English relatives, What is your
purpose in life in England?, What is the meaning in your lives in England? The
answer is a request: tell us about the freedom or the oppression in your own
country. Flat statements without any mystery, which are fortunately followed by
the enigmatical description of the beautiful translators real life, her hidden
revolt, all the more pathetic since her dissidence is not spectacular, but daily and
indomitable.
Most characters are ambivalent. They may appear dissidents, but at some
point in their lives they are also shown as enrolled in the Securitate. Professor
Bobolescu is such an example of ambiguity, which bewilders both writer and
reader. He invites the English biographer to his house, treats him to a royal
dinner, and later on the biographer is told that professor Bobolescus son, Virgil,
who had been filming them all along, always shows his images to the Police. It is
only a theory, someones version of reality, but still... Nobody is safe. Philip
Carston himself is suspected by Carolina and by the Romanian state, as it
seems, of being a spy. The political terror is maybe smaller than the maddening
fear of the spy next door, of the friendly witness who always turns you in. Human
relationships are ruined, and this essential aspect of life in communism, this
solitude caused by a hideous political system is masterfully suggested by
Brownjohn. Loneliness becomes in his book a precious gem, which everyone
polishes in his most secret inner sanctuary. Just like the poet Brownjohn, the
novelist rejects noisy revelations and shyly withdraws into the heaven of privacy.
Philip Carstons book in Carolina Predeanus translation has been sold in a
hundred thousand copies and read avidly. People queue to buy books in
Bucharest, which is an unbelievable dream come true to Carstons biographer.
Novelists, translators, biographers, poets, all have an extraordinary halo of
popularity. They are genuinely liked, worshipped almost. Carolina herself enjoyed
this general sympathy and respect until the fall of communism, when she
suddenly loses her mystery and status. She becomes uninteresting, suspicious,
whimsical and shallow. She tells Tim that her best friend, Valeria Ciudea, editor
of her translation, who had helped her meet Carston secretly by offering them
her own house, had been an informer all along. After 1990, Carolina will not
even talk to her, and, in a strange way, she turns to people whom the reader
would have thought to be pillars of the Securitate formerly. Utterly confused, the
only thing Tim can go by is his instinct:
...the feeling he had from Romania was predominantly one of being back at
school. At a place where there were several levels of authority that could
arbitrarily restrict and punish you, from the headmaster downwards: the
masters, the prefects, the fifth and fourth form bullies whom the official
authorities never seemed to restrain. And all the apparatus of rules, the arbitrary
punishments (the detentions), the thefts and punches and insults never righted,
all of it going on for the eternity that you lived until you were old enough to rise
above it...
the plague, yet appealing in a sick way, and he allows the atmosphere, even the
humans, to be charming and appealing for brief intervals, a page or two.
Brownjohn finds a key image for the common Romanian under Ceausescu: the
pedestrian carrying an empty plastic bag. The eternal buyer who hopes to find
something to eat and deposit it like an ant in his small kitchen. Besides being
hungry, that man is also afraid. The picture is thus complete. His hero,
biographer of a dead novelist, third in the row of writers if we include Brownjohn
in the line, too, completes the image:
Tim had the impression that whoever dined here pretended for a couple of hours
that this was normal, that the city outside the frosted windows (you could not
see the street from inside the Capsa), with the queues you normally had to join
for bread or milk or the merest scraps of meat, was the nightmare from which
this was a two-hour waking.
Carolina begins by talking about her faculty years and her friend Valeria,
daughter of a high official at the Council for Culture and Socialist Education in
Bucharest, which makes the latter a privileged being and explains her good job
as an editor, a position not easy to come by. Actually, Carolina herself is an
editor, in Trgu Alb. She was Philips translator when the latter visited Romania,
after the big 1977 earthquake, which had had tragic consequences. He was the
first English person I had ever met, from a different universe altogether. We
have in this novel the authors voice, the voice of Carston in his own novel within
the main novel, and now Carolinas own voice, in the first person, narrating each
a segment of the story. The least credible, most artificially dramatic and
insufficient as information is Carolinas. She remains an enigma to the very end.
In Philips novel, as Katrin, she has a diary, which is a frequent Desperado trip
into privacy, and she uses it in order to fight against the arrival of the future:
To keep the experience of loving Richard Hendleton and his loving her luminous
and compelling, she needed to keep Richard vague and shadowy when she wrote
him down...
Which Carolina does to perfection. She keeps everything vague and Tim keeps
waiting for the one truth he needs: were the two lovers? It turns out in the end
that there is no knowing more than Carolina will say and she will not confess to
that. In the meanwhile, someone prompts Tim to see in her a tragic figure of the
real author of Carstons novel (Professor Bobolescu), or, quite the reverse,
someone who lives on romantic inventions, who has invented a romantic legend
to make herself immortal (Ludache). Ludache tells Tim something true for
everyone in Romania: In my country... we know about fear.
I am saying, he declared, was Mr. Carston equally in love with her? Or was
he not in love with her, and was she deluding herself? Performing the fiction, to
lighten her life and make herself interesting in this grey country of ours?
The ambiguity Brownjohn preserves to the bitter end has a double function.
First, it makes the book intriguing, an open mystery, left helplessly at the mercy
of every reader who wants to contribute interpretation. The second function is
the authors poetic refuge from the finality of prose. Brownjohn mixes here the
devices of novel writing with the blankness of his enigmatical poems, the
shyness of his poetic withdrawal. He mixes literary genres, resorting to the
hybridization of genres as a refuge. Both refuges, in poetry and in ambiguity, are
Desperado attempts, which makes his novel an emblematic work at the turn of
the millennium.
For a short while, on his way to Valerias house, where he is to meet
Carolina illicitly, Tim thinks he is followed and muses:
Now he felt incriminated, experienced a guilty fear and pity for the people he
was visiting, believed also that the purpose of his trip to Valerias house was
already defeated. He would never have the audacity to turn into the street and
find the house and knock at the door while his pursuer was in sight. Surely he
would have to turn back.
She trusted her memory of him much more than she would have trusted the
words she could have used to write down the living man. Words were the victim
of the action of time.
What Brownjohn does is to make out of Romania the very image of dystopia, to
place it more in the readers heart than in the geography of the real world.
All through Carolinas story about her affair with Philip, we can infer the
communication between fearful communism and free capitalism. Two systems
meet. Philip is scared and feels displaced, she feels the same when she comes to
visit him in England, which she leaves in a hurry, out of the same fear of
displacement. There is only one dystopia, the image of Romania, though. Into
that, both heroes plunge in a very picturesque way, making the best of
decorously impressive interdictions.
The characters Tim meets on his trip in the footsteps of the novelist he is writing
about are a web of typically Romanian he seems to think affairs (Eva Vajna
with professor Bobolescu, Carolina with Tamasi Ilosz), politically deformed
actions (the informer Radin, all Carolinas friends, such as Ioana Guranu, it would
seem, Carolina herself maybe). Even books have to be scrutinized and peeled of
their corrupted crust: you have to read between the lines. This is what Tim
Harker-Jones has to do with Carolinas first-person narrative about Philip and
herself, since she is determined not to get down to essentials. She talks about
feelings at best, but she will not go farther than that. Besides suspected
feelings, she also mentions specific infatuations, like professor Liviu Bobolescus
three major protgJs, his wife (an ex-cook who keeps excellent house), Eva
Vajna and finally, Carolina Predeanu:
Professor Liviu Bobolescu had impulsively decided to cast aside the hopeless
task of championing Eva Vajnas romantic novels, and transfer all his cunning
energies into cultivating me.
In this stifling atmosphere of mistrust and menace, Philip returns three years
after his first visit, several very occasional letters to Carolina, three cards
annually, arriving fastidiously just before the appropriate day, five telephone calls
in all. Philips Britishness urges him to call on Carolinas birthday and her name
day. It is hard to say from the story Carolina unfurls whether she meant much to
Philip she would very much like to think so, but her words are very
unconvincing , while Philip means a whole universe to her, the world beyond
my own country. Yet she has a lover in the meantime, and does not think of
escaping, of leaving her communist country for the capitalist heaven. She is
given by the state a small flat of her own, where Tim visits her on the sly after
Philips death. Her life is and stays lonely, she is, like all the other characters of
all Alan Brownjohns novels, a being defeated by solitude. Brownjohn excels in
descriptions of crushing solitude of all kinds: intellectual, emotional, social. His
heroes, like his poems, are islands of isolation, of self-defence against the world.
The suspicion that Carolina is the author of Philip Carstons novel is started by
Bobolescu, who actually prompted her to write herself. Tim is confused: Eva
Vajna vehemently opposes the suspicion and tells him so, as an unknown fellow
traveller on the train to Trgu Alb. Others mention the halo of writer and lover at
the same time, both escaping the dreadful eye of the Securitate. Carolina
I wanted Philip to know that my writing was only and wholly for him. Yes, I
was writing to conciliate Professor Bobolescu; but I was writing for Philip
Carston. I was using what the Professor liked to call my voice to speak to Philip
through the barriers of geography and politics, of physical distance and
apartness.
After 1977, they meet again in 1980, and Carolina decides to show Philip what
she has written. He tells her:
...I am not translatable my language and tone is much too English for that.
...I have come to a bizarre and frightening country where anything might
happen.
And many things do happen, some of which are not very plausible. Such is
Carolinas awareness that she must be loyal to the Party, at the expense of her
relationship with Philip, if the worst comes to the worst. Yet, at the last moment,
her convictions change:
I believe that at that moment I made an important decision for myself. I was
obliged, as a Party member, to reveal any information I received which might
relate to activities detrimental to the Party, or denigratory of the Party. In theory
I could be punished for not revealing it; though now, in 1980, with President
Ceausescu in control of things, it did not seem nearly so serious a possibility as it
had been under his predecessor. But that day in Cismigiu Park I suddenly and
instinctively defined for myself the boundaries of my loyalty to the Party. I would
report, but not inform.
The last sentence is more infamous than the author himself must have realized.
Carolinas psychology shows insufficient experience of communism, a tendency
to be impressed by the picturesque interdictions and to ignore the deep tragedy
of the trapped souls. This unavoidable drawback does not prevent Brownjohn,
though, from building suspense, an engaging plot, but also not so engaging
characters, who are either alone or simplistic, or both, every now and then.
The third time Philip comes briefly to visit Romania, it is entirely for one reason:
to see Carolina and continue the novel. In Carolinas story, his love looks
artificial, hard to understand. He states:
Carston conveniently dies, though, and Tim never manages to find whether the
two had been lovers. The voices of the narrative mix, now it is Brownjohn using
the third person to describe Tims frustration. The end of Carolinas story is a
quotation from Philips last letter, which tells her he is dying and his biography
will be written by Harker-Jones. He urges her to tell the man exactly as much as
she likes and no more. Carolina does just that, keeping Tim interested to the
very end, which is in Philips handwriting, ...I love you to the last. Tim is baffled
and enraged, yet looks as English and composed as his predecessor when he
was actually facing death. The novel is a feat of decency that no Desperado
would achieve. In this respect, it is again an island of its own.
The book publisher starts probing Tim for what he knows. Theatre men
want to put up a show about Philips life and must absolutely know if he fucked
Carolina. Tim is enigmatic, as if he knew the truth. We ourselves never learn it,
unless we infer it from Philips quoted pages and from Carolinas confessed love
for him. Physicality means nothing in this book, unlike Desperado novels on the
whole. From this point of view, Brownjohn is as shy as he is in his poems.
Vulgarity is far from being his cup of tea. If he is interested in anything, that is
the adventures of sensibility. The whole novel is a long shadow of our souls.
As Tim feels he owes it to his book to be sure about what actually
happened, he comes to Romania for a second time, soon after the fall of
communism. He has to find out if Carolina actually visited England, as several of
her compatriots have intimated. As to her having had sex, he answers one of
the people who pester him with that question:
Carolina the Katrin in Philips novel (...), is still very much alive. She gave
me, at great risk, before the revolution, the story of her meetings with Philip and
how the idea for the final novel originated. Ive got to be sensitive with her, and
discreet.
because their words and behaviours clash, not because the author, God forbid,
might think ill of them. Brownjohn is far from being a gossiping writer. Most of
the characters in this novel are still very much alive, and none could take offence
at the way the novelist handles them. Tim offers another explanation for his
secrecy:
Its a much freer country since Christmas, and for that very reason I have to be
careful not to misrepresent Carolina in case she sees an opening for the lawyers.
Actually, Carolina was anxiously waiting for him after Philips death, as she had
been warned he would come, and it looks from the way she acts nothing Tim
specifically utters that she very much wants her share of fame, especially after
1990, when her halo of disconsolate lover and enigmatic writer wears away.
In a third person narrative this time, we learn how Tim goes to
Bucharest in May 1990, hoping to reiterate Philips romantic involvement:
The first thing he notices is that Carolina is not at all eager to translate his
biography. Not as eager as she had been during the communist years, when she
had literally translated at the pace Philip had been writing. But during those dark
years people queued for books, which had amazed Tim beyond words. A cultural
revolution is taking place. He is shocked to find commercials on TV. Carolina is
also different, though he cannot tell why at first:
In the time since they had last met, she had completely changed. Then she
had worn, each time they met, the clothes in which Philip Carston had dressed
Katrin in A Time Apart. Now her clothes were hard, tweedy and formal, severe.
At first glance, with her hair taken up, scraped back, leaving her face thin and
diminished, the change seemed to have aged her.
What has changed is the dramatic aura Carolina used to conjure, as it seems
now, willingly, knowing exactly what the effect on Tim would be. She no longer
has that power, and not many people see her as the tragic heroine any more.
She is now free to write whatever she wants, publish abroad, take any English
lover, meet him anywhere, without any fears. Her problem is time, though. Time
and tide waits for no man, and she certainly is, looks older. Her myth has aged
with her, her friends have deserted her fairy-tale, she appears stranded on an
island of enemies. More enemies than during the communist years, fewer
friends. Another reason for solitude, and Brownjohn seizes it with delight.
Valeria Ciudea, in whose house Carolinas love story with Philip took place most of
their time together, is no longer a friend. Carolina is not even on speaking terms
with her, but, strangely enough, she embraces Angela Cernec warmly, welcoming
her as a true friend. She scrutinizes Tim, who is deeply confused:
I think you are my friend? she said, with something like fright and doubt in her
eyes, her brow furrowed as she asked. Tim saw that for some reason she
sought and needed reassurance.
She carries Philips photograph in her bag dramatic gesture, obviously and
can count her friends on the fingers of one hand:
I have not so many. Ioana Guranu will always be a friend. And it is strange
Tamasi Ilosz has been a good friend in these days.
Then she calls Philip my dead friend, and Tim my living friend, and informs him
that Mrs. Vajna is an enemy. Relationships have turned upside down in a
country whose political system is still very much in the dark, in spite of the
transition from Ceausescu to Iliescu, a country in which intellectuals demonstrate
in University Square, in which communism is being demolished with far more
zest than it had been built. Tim becomes slowly aware of the change:
She seemed so tensely quiet; he had spent the time in which he had not
seen her thinking about a Carolina who had behaved with a luminous assurance
which had mostly disappeared.
She misrepresents reality slightly and Tim discreetly accepts her version, but we
see clearly through her statements. First, Philip Carston wrote his novel out of
his own free will, using her as a pretext, not as a main theme, as she had tried
to suggest to Tim on his first visit, too. Second, it was not Philip who talked
about the folly of England, but the Romanians who needed a pretext to accept
the Romanian translation. Philip, on the contrary, talked about his extreme
Englishness. The honour and friends she had before the revolutions were moths
attracted by the dim light of the world beyond communism. That world is highly
accessible after the revolution. Nobody idealizes Carolina any longer, and
consequently she feels bereft and betrayed.
The present as Carolina perceives it is far less appealing than the
mysterious past, full of interdictions that quickened the heartbeats and stirred
anyones sympathy. Her translation of A Time Apart has become a mere piece of
Ceausist propaganda. People are paying her back for an old arrogance, possibly.
She feels humiliated, old jealousies work against her, friends become unfriendly,
her job is at stake and she narrowly escapes being fired. She continues to
dramatize her position, claiming she was threatened with death on the phone, as
a friend of the old rgime, but the effect is the opposite of what she expects. We
feel tempted to believe that side of the story. Her tragedy is over, and she has no
idea how to survive in its absence, the absence of terror, which made her a
privileged protagonist of hope.
Tim is trying to understand why Valeria is no longer a friend, and Carolina
ejaculates:
She had permission to let you meet me at her home. (...) Everything I said
to you was recorded. Everything! (...) Somebody knew I was meeting Philip
there on his last visits. They asked Valeria to explain. She could not explain.
Because she could not, they required her to report in detail any more meetings
with foreigners in her house. She reported you were going there to talk with me,
and the Securitate made sure it was all recorded.
Carolina tells Tim someone actually Liviu Bobolescus son, Virgil, who, Tim was
told, had filmed him for the Police whom she trusts has come across her file
while the students broke into the secret records of the Securitate. Yet, from
another perspective, Carolina herself is perceived as a spy of the Securitate,
alongside with her Hungarian lover, Tamasi Ilosz. The new story goes like this:
They had instructions and an old professor had instructions to lure Mr.
Carston into writing the book. Then they translated the book together and
miracle! it is a different book. You cannot speak read Romanian?
Tim cannot see for himself. He is supposed to choose for himself, though, and so
are we, the readers. We are at last told plainly, by Carolina herself, after Tims
surreptitious investigations that infuriate her, that she did write, but only a few
paragraphs in Carstons novel, and, yes, she did go to England to visit him, but
did not stay longer than a few days. As to her affair with Philip, if Philip and I
slept together (...) it was, literally, our fucking business. Not yours. Not that
we care, after a whole book. We feel she can safely keep the secret to herself.
As for her trip to England we should wonder how she managed to get a
passport from the Romanian Securitate, but the novelist does not question that,
Brownjohn uses a new device, making Carolina write a letter to Tim. She
confesses her love for Philip and her foolish behaviour in London, which any
Romanian would find difficult to grasp. She was constantly afraid she was being
followed and watched, she felt she had brought with her fear and paranoia.
She strongly suspects Philip of being a spy who is dragging her into betraying
her country. When she comes back to her senses, the moment her flight takes
her back, she produces the following explanation:
I could now easily understand why Philip had felt so insecure in Bucharest,
having crossed the divide in the other direction.
As it turned out, she was an elderly lady who had never met the author.
Although the quotations from Carstons novel are invented, Larkin was very keen
on being a novelist, so here again he is similar to Brownjohns hero. On the
whole, it is very interesting to notice this Desperado at work, to detect how
suggestions from real life sneak their way into a half ironical, half earnest as
Brownjohn claims narrative. Besides overt irony, Alan Brownjohn also stated
that he meant the novel to be two dystopias in one: on the one hand the
dystopia of communism, on the other that of western multinational capitalism.
The second is hardly meaningful to someone coming from a former communist
regime, but it may be a familiar contention for westerners. When all is said and
done, the conclusion is that The Long Shadows is steeped in irony and dystopia,
both claiming kinship to the Desperado novel.
We have followed a game of ambiguities and half-revelations which
Brownjohn will not probe with indiscretion. His heroes are both fictional and
poetic. Their fictional face is clear, coherent and tantalizing, relying on well-built
suspense. Their poetic halo lies in their hidden potential for sensibility, their
bruised soul, at grips with inimical life, whether private, social or political. The
author is clearly a Desperado, because he sails the seas of The Long Shadows
with constant irony. He sympathizes with everyone, mistrusts everyone, is afraid
or disabused in turns, but the distance between him and reality is a smiling
desert, which we cross with a smile. Alan Brownjohn tells us, tongue in his
cheek: See and smile for yourselves. Fiction has gulped down poetry and smiles
down on us enigmatically. There are no more literary genres, but authors and
choices. Brownjohn crowds in his novel first and third person narrative, letter,
diary, point of view technique (see Henry James, mainly), novel within a novel,
author on top of author, poetic symbols, play within a novel, displacement and
dystopia. Desperado literature is changing the face and fate of the written page.