Passive with prepositions

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE

The air is being polluted
by fumes from cars and trucks.
O ar est sendo poluda pela fumaa de carros e caminhes.

City streets are being damaged

as a result of heavy traffic.

As ruas da cidade esto sendo danificadas como resultado do trfego pesado.

Patholes arent being repaired

due to a lack of funding.
Patholes no esto sendo reparados devido a uma falta de financiamento.
PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE
Many parks have been lost
through overbuilding.
Muitos parques foram perdidos atravs excesso de construo.
The homeless have been displaced
because of overcrowding in city shelters.
Os sem-teto foram deslocados por causa da superlotao dos abrigos da cidade.
Regra:
Passive:
Subject +
verb be
(was, is, has
been..) +
Past
Participle.

Preposies mais comuns:

By, por, because of, por causa de, as a result of, como resultado de, through, por meio de, atravs de, due to, devido .

A) Match the photos of environmental problems with the sentences below

A) Corresponde s fotografias dos problemas ambientais com as frases abaixo
1. Air pollution is threatening the health of people in urban areas. (by).
1. A poluio do ar est ameaando a sade das pessoas em reas urbanas. (de).
R= The health of people in urban is being threatening by air pollution.
R) A sade das pessoas em reas urbanas est sendo ameaada pela poluio do ar.
2. Livestock farms have contaminated soil and underground water. (because of).
2. Exploraes pecurias ter contaminado o solo e a gua subterrnea. (por causa de).
R) The soil and underground water have been contaminated because of livestock farms.
R) O solo e a gua subterrnea foram contaminados por causa de exploraes pecurias.
3. Acid rain has eroded statues and buildings. (as a result of)
3. A chuva cida tem esttuas e edifcios erodidas. (como resultado de)
R= Statues and buildings has been eroded as a result of acid rain.
R = esttuas e edifcios sofreu eroso como resultado da chuva cida.
4. Oil spills are harming birds, fish, and other marine life. (through)
4. Os derramamentos de petrleo esto prejudicando aves, peixes e outras espcies marinhas. (Atravs dos)
R= Birds, fish and others marine life are been harmed through oil spills.
R = Aves, peixes e outras vidas marinhas foram sido prejudicados atravs dos derramamentos de petrleo.
5. The growth of suburbs has eaten up huge amounts of farmland. (due to).
5. O crescimento dos subrbios consumiu grandes quantidades de terras agrcolas. (devido a).
R= Huge amounts of farmland has been eatened up due to the growth of suburbs. Ver em vermelho/conferir
6. The destruction of rain forests is accelerating the extinction of plants and wildlife. (by)
6. A destruio das florestas tropicais est acelerando a extino de plantas e animais selvagens. (de)
R=. The extinction of plants and wildlife is being accelerating by the destruction of rain forests
R= A extino de plantas e animais selvagens est sendo acelerado pela destruio das florestas tropicais
8 . GRAMMAR FOCUS

Infinitive clauses and phrases

One way to change things is
Another way to stop them is

The best ways to fight cancer are

to talk the companys management.

to get a TV station to run a story.
to do more research and educate people.

Find one or more solutions for each problem.

Problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Solutions

One way to reduce famine is H/B

The best way to fight HIV/AIDS is D
One way to stop political unrest is F
One thing to improve air quality is G
The best way to reduce poverty is H/C
One thing to help the homeless is A/C/H

a. to build more public housing.

b. to train people in modern farming methods
c. to start free vocational training programs.
d. to educate people on how diseases are spread

Would rather and Would prefer

Would rather takes the base form of the verb. Would prefer usually takes an infinitive. Both are followed
by not in the negative.
Would you rather take a media class or a health class?
I d rather take a media class.
Lets join a choir.
I d rather not take either.
I d rather not join a choir.
I d rather take another course than study media or health.
I d rather not.
Would you prefer to study film studies or broadcasting?
I d prefer not to join a choir.
I d prefer to study film.
I d prefer not to
I d prefer not to study either

Complete the conversations with would and the appropriate form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. A: . you prefer . a course in exercise science or nutritional science? (take)
B: I'd prefer . for a nutritional science course because its more useful for me in nursing. (register)
2. A: . you rather . English in Australia or Canada? (learn)
B: I think Id prefer . In Australia because its warmer there. (study)
3. A: If you needed to learn a new skill, . you prefer . a class or . a private tutor?(attend / have)
B: Id rather . for a class than . a tutor. Private tutors are too expensive! (sign up / have)
4 . A: . you rather . a choir or an orchestra? (join)
B: Id rather .. in a choir than . In an orchestra. (sing / play)
5. A: . You prefer .. Broadcasting or film studies? (major in)
B: To tell you the truth, Id prefer not . Either. Id rather . For a newspaper. (do / work)

By +
gerund to

You could improve your accent by listening to language CDs.

I learn new words best by writing them on pieces of paper and sticking them on things.
The best way to learn slang is not by watching the news but by watching movies.

Complete the phrases with information. (More than one answer is possible)
You can improve your accent by talking to native English speakers
A good way to learn idioms is by doing translation exercises
Students can become better writers by writing to English speaking pen pals
A good way to learn vocabulary is by studying a learners dictionary....by role playing with a partner
People can become faster readers by reading magazines in English
One way of practicing conversation is by joining a caf conversation group....by talking to yourself in the shower
You can learn to use grammar correctly by having a private tutor
The best way to develop self confidence in speaking English Is by watching American movies.