GRE AWA Argument Topic Pool

10/2/2015
GRERevisedGeneralTest:AnalyzeanArgument
EachArgumenttopicconsistsofapassagethatpresentsanargumentfollowedbyspecific
taskinstructionsthattellyouhowtoanalyzetheargument.Thewordingofsometopicsin
thetestmightvaryslightlyfromwhatispresentedhere.Also,becausetheremaybemultiple
versionsofsometopicswithsimilaroridenticalwordingbutwithdifferenttaskinstructions,it
isveryimportanttoreadyourtesttopicanditsspecifictaskdirectionscarefullyandrespond
tothewordingasitappearsintheactualtest.
Wovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfound
onlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofPaleaandthereforewerebelieved
tohavebeenmadeonlybythePaleanpeople.Recently,however,archaeologists
discoveredsucha"Palean"basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrosstheBrimRiverfrom
Palea.TheBrimRiverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhave
crosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatshavebeenfound.Thusitfollowsthattheso
calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean.
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatethe
argumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.
Thefollowingappearedaspartofalettertotheeditorofascientificjournal.
"Arecentstudyofeighteenrhesusmonkeysprovidescluesastotheeffectsofbirthorderon
anindividual'slevelsofstimulation.Thestudyshowedthatinstimulatingsituations(suchas
anencounterwithanunfamiliarmonkey),firstborninfantmonkeysproduceuptotwiceas
muchofthehormonecortisol,whichprimesthebodyforincreasedactivitylevels,asdotheir
youngersiblings.Firstbornhumansalsoproducerelativelyhighlevelsofcortisolin
stimulatingsituations(suchasthereturnofaparentafteranabsence).Thestudyalsofound
thatduringpregnancy,firsttimemothermonkeyshadhigherlevelsofcortisolthandidthose
whohadhadseveraloffspring."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussoneormorealternativeexplanationsthatcouldrival
theproposedexplanationandexplainhowyourexplanation(s)canplausiblyaccountforthe
factspresentedintheargument.
ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromaCentralPlazastoreowner.
"Overthepasttwoyears,thenumberofshoppersinCentralPlazahasbeensteadily
decreasingwhilethepopularityofskateboardinghasincreaseddramatically.ManyCentral
Plazastoreownersbelievethatthedecreaseintheirbusinessisduetothenumberof
skateboardusersintheplaza.Therehasalsobeenadramaticincreaseintheamountof
litterandvandalismthroughouttheplaza.Thus,werecommendthatthecityprohibit
skateboardinginCentralPlaza.Ifskateboardingisprohibitedhere,wepredictthatbusiness
inCentralPlazawillreturntoitspreviouslyhighlevels."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinorder
todecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besureto
data:text/htmlcharset=utf8,%3Cp%20style%3D%22boxsizing%3A%20inherit%3B%20margin%3A%200px%200px%201em%3B%20padding%3A%200
1/58
10/2/2015
explainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.
Thefollowingappearedinaletterfromahomeownertoafriend.
"OfthetwoleadingrealestatefirmsinourtownAdamsRealtyandFitchRealtyAdams
Realtyisclearlysuperior.Adamshas40realestateagentsincontrast,Fitchhas25,many
ofwhomworkonlyparttime.Moreover,Adams'revenuelastyearwastwiceashighasthat
ofFitchandincludedhomesalesthataveraged$168,000,comparedtoFitch's$144,000.
HomeslistedwithAdamssellfasteraswell:tenyearsagoIlistedmyhomewithFitch,andit
tookmorethanfourmonthstoselllastyear,whenIsoldanotherhome,Ilisteditwith
Adams,andittookonlyonemonth.Thus,ifyouwanttosellyourhomequicklyandata
goodprice,youshoulduseAdamsRealty."
Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsofthe
argument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhat
theimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.
ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditoroftheBalmerIslandGazette.
"OnBalmerIsland,wheremopedsserveasapopularformoftransportation,thepopulation
increasesto100,000duringthesummermonths.Toreducethenumberofaccidents
involvingmopedsandpedestrians,thetowncouncilofBalmerIslandshouldlimitthenumber
ofmopedsrentedbytheisland'smopedrentalcompaniesfrom50perdayto25perday
duringthesummerseason.Bylimitingthenumberofrentals,thetowncouncilwillattainthe
50percentannualreductioninmopedaccidentsthatwasachievedlastyearonthe
neighboringislandofSeaville,whenSeaville'stowncouncilenforcedsimilarlimitsonmoped
rentals."
ArcticdeerliveonislandsinCanada'sarcticregions.Theysearchforfoodbymovingover
icefromislandtoislandduringthecourseoftheyear.Theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarm
enoughtosustaintheplantsonwhichtheyfeedandcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,
fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.
Unfortunately,accordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.
Sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaice
tomelt,wecanconcludethatthepurporteddeclineindeerpopulationsistheresultofthe
deer'sbeingunabletofollowtheirageoldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea.
ThefollowingisarecommendationfromtheBoardofDirectorsofMonarchBooks.
2/58
10/2/2015
"WerecommendthatMonarchBooksopenacafinitsstore.Monarch,havingbeenin
businessatthesamelocationformorethantwentyyears,hasalargecustomerbase
becauseitisknownforitswideselectionofbooksonallsubjects.Clearly,openingthecaf
wouldattractmorecustomers.Spacecouldbemadeforthecafbydiscontinuingthe
children'sbooksection,whichwillprobablybecomelesspopulargiventhatthemostrecent
nationalcensusindicatedasignificantdeclineinthepercentageofthepopulationunderage
ten.OpeningacafwillallowMonarchtoattractmorecustomersandbettercompetewith
RegalBooks,whichrecentlyopeneditsowncaf."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthedirectorofstudenthousingatBuckingham
College.
"Toservethehousingneedsofourstudents,BuckinghamCollegeshouldbuildanumberof
newdormitories.Buckingham'senrollmentisgrowingand,basedoncurrenttrends,will
doubleoverthenext50years,thusmakingexistingdormitoryspaceinadequate.Moreover,
theaveragerentforanapartmentinourtownhasriseninrecentyears.Consequently,
studentswillfinditincreasinglydifficulttoaffordoffcampushousing.Finally,attractivenew
dormitorieswouldmakeprospectivestudentsmorelikelytoenrollatBuckingham."
Nature'sWay,achainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherhealthrelatedproducts,is
openingitsnextfranchiseinthetownofPlainsville.Thestoreshouldprovetobevery
successful:Nature'sWayfranchisestendtobemostprofitableinareaswhereresidentslead
healthylives,andclearlyPlainsvilleissuchanarea.Plainsvillemerchantsreportthatsales
ofrunningshoesandexerciseclothingareatalltimehighs.Thelocalhealthclubhasmore
membersthanever,andtheweighttrainingandaerobicsclassesarealwaysfull.Finally,
Plainsville'sschoolchildrenrepresentanewgenerationofpotentialcustomers:these
schoolchildrenarerequiredtoparticipateinafitnessforlifeprogram,whichemphasizesthe
benefitsofregularexerciseatanearlyage.
Twentyyearsago,Dr.Field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandofTertia.Usingan
observationcenteredapproachtostudyingTertianculture,heconcludedfromhis
observationsthatchildreninTertiawererearedbyanentirevillageratherthanbytheirown
biologicalparents.Recentlyanotheranthropologist,Dr.Karp,visitedthegroupofislands
thatincludesTertiaandusedtheinterviewcenteredmethodtostudychildrearingpractices.
3/58
10/2/2015
IntheinterviewsthatDr.Karpconductedwithchildrenlivinginthisgroupofislands,the
childrenspentmuchmoretimetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradults
inthevillage.Dr.KarpdecidedthatDr.Field'sconclusionaboutTertianvillageculturemust
beinvalid.SomeanthropologistsrecommendthattoobtainaccurateinformationonTertian
childrearingpractices,futureresearchonthesubjectshouldbeconductedviatheinterview
centeredmethod.
todecidewhethertherecommendationandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedare
reasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluate
therecommendation.
ThecouncilofMapleCounty,concernedaboutthecounty'sbecomingoverdeveloped,is
debatingaproposedmeasurethatwouldpreventthedevelopmentofexistingfarmlandin
thecounty.Butthecouncilisalsoconcernedthatsucharestriction,bylimitingthesupplyof
newhousing,couldleadtosignificantincreasesinthepriceofhousinginthecounty.
ProponentsofthemeasurenotethatChestnutCountyestablishedasimilarmeasureten
yearsago,anditshousingpriceshaveincreasedonlymodestlysince.However,opponents
ofthemeasurenotethatPineCountyadoptedrestrictionsonthedevelopmentofnew
residentialhousingfifteenyearsago,anditshousingpriceshavesincemorethandoubled.
Thecouncilcurrentlypredictsthattheproposedmeasure,ifpassed,willresultina
significantincreaseinhousingpricesinMapleCounty.
todecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Be
suretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheprediction.
Fifteenyearsago,OmegaUniversityimplementedanewprocedurethatencouraged
studentstoevaluatetheteachingeffectivenessofalltheirprofessors.Sincethattime,
Omegaprofessorshavebeguntoassignhighergradesintheirclasses,andoverallstudent
gradeaveragesatOmegahaverisenby30percent.Potentialemployers,lookingatthis
dramaticriseingrades,believethatgradesatOmegaareinflatedanddonotaccurately
reflectstudentachievementasaresult,Omegagraduateshavenotbeenassuccessfulat
gettingjobsashavegraduatesfromnearbyAlphaUniversity.Toenableitsgraduatesto
securebetterjobs,OmegaUniversityshouldterminatestudentevaluationofprofessors.
Inanattempttoimprovehighwaysafety,PruntyCountylastyearlowereditsspeedlimitfrom
55to45milesperhouronallcountyhighways.Butthisefforthasfailed:thenumberof
accidentshasnotdecreased,and,basedonreportsbythehighwaypatrol,manydriversare
exceedingthespeedlimit.PruntyCountyshouldinsteadundertakethesamekindofroad
improvementprojectthatButlerCountycompletedfiveyearsago:increasinglanewidths,
4/58
10/2/2015
resurfacingroughhighways,andimprovingvisibilityatdangerousintersections.Today,
majorButlerCountyroadsstillhavea55mphspeedlimit,yettherewere25percentfewer
reportedaccidentsinButlerCountythispastyearthantherewerefiveyearsago.
Thefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinabusinessmagazine.
"Arecentstudyrating300maleandfemaleMentianadvertisingexecutivesaccordingtothe
averagenumberofhourstheysleeppernightshowedanassociationbetweentheamountof
sleeptheexecutivesneedandthesuccessoftheirfirms.Oftheadvertisingfirmsstudied,
thosewhoseexecutivesreportedneedingnomorethan6hoursofsleeppernighthad
higherprofitmarginsandfastergrowth.Theseresultssuggestthatifabusinesswantsto
prosper,itshouldhireonlypeoplewhoneedlessthan6hoursofsleeppernight."
ThefollowingmemorandumisfromthebusinessmanagerofHappyPancakeHouse
restaurants.
"Recently,butterhasbeenreplacedbymargarineinHappyPancakeHouserestaurants
throughoutthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Thischange,however,hashadlittleimpacton
ourcustomers.Infact,onlyabout2percentofcustomershavecomplained,indicatingthat
anaverageof98peopleoutof100arehappywiththechange.Furthermore,manyservers
havereportedthatanumberofcustomerswhoaskforbutterdonotcomplainwhentheyare
givenmargarineinstead.Clearly,eitherthesecustomersdonotdistinguishbutterfrom
margarineortheyusetheterm'butter'torefertoeitherbutterormargarine."
InsurveysMasonCityresidentsrankwatersports(swimming,boating,andfishing)among
theirfavoriterecreationalactivities.TheMasonRiverflowingthroughthecityisrarelyused
forthesepursuits,however,andthecityparkdepartmentdevoteslittleofitsbudgetto
maintainingriversiderecreationalfacilities.Foryearstherehavebeencomplaintsfrom
residentsaboutthequalityoftheriver'swaterandtheriver'ssmell.Inresponse,thestate
hasrecentlyannouncedplanstocleanupMasonRiver.Useoftheriverforwatersportsis,
therefore,suretoincrease.Thecitygovernmentshouldforthatreasondevotemoremoney
inthisyear'sbudgettoriversiderecreationalfacilities.
5/58
10/2/2015
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthemanagerofWWACradiostation.
"Toreverseadeclineinlistenernumbers,ourownershavedecidedthatWWACmust
changefromitscurrentrockmusicformat.Thedeclinehasoccurreddespitepopulation
growthinourlisteningarea,butthatgrowthhasresultedmainlyfrompeoplemovinghere
aftertheirretirement.Wemustmakelistenersofthesenewresidents.Wecouldswitchtoa
musicformattailoredtotheirtastes,butacontinuingdeclineinlocalsalesofrecordedmusic
suggestslimitedinterestinmusic.Insteadweshouldchangetoanewsandtalkformat,a
formofradiothatisincreasinglypopularinourarea."
Thefollowingisamemorandumfromthebusinessmanagerofatelevisionstation.
"Overthepastyear,ourlatenightnewsprogramhasdevotedincreasedtimetonational
newsandlesstimetoweatherandlocalnews.Duringthisperiod,mostofthecomplaints
receivedfromviewerswereconcernedwithourstation'scoverageofweatherandlocal
news.Inaddition,localbusinessesthatusedtoadvertiseduringourlatenightnewsprogram
havecanceledtheiradvertisingcontractswithus.Therefore,inordertoattractmoreviewers
toournewsprogramsandtoavoidlosinganyfurtheradvertisingrevenues,weshould
expandourcoverageofweatherandlocalnewsonallournewsprograms."
Twoyearsago,radiostationWCQPinRockvilledecidedtoincreasethenumberofcallin
adviceprogramsthatitbroadcastsincethattime,itsshareoftheradioaudienceinthe
Rockvillelisteningareahasincreasedsignificantly.GivenWCQP'srecentsuccesswithcall
inadviceprogramming,andcitinganationwidesurveyindicatingthatmanyradiolisteners
arequiteinterestedinsuchprograms,thestationmanagerofKICKinMedwayrecommends
thatKICKincludemorecallinadviceprogramsinanattempttogainalargeraudienceshare
initslisteningarea.
therecommendation.
Thefollowingisamemorandumfromthebusinessmanagerofatelevisionstation.
6/58
10/2/2015
"Overthepastyear,ourlatenightnewsprogramhasdevotedincreasedtimetonational
newsandlesstimetoweatherandlocalnews.Duringthistimeperiod,mostofthe
complaintsreceivedfromviewerswereconcernedwithourstation'scoverageofweather
andlocalnews.Inaddition,localbusinessesthatusedtoadvertiseduringourlatenight
newsprogramhavejustcanceledtheiradvertisingcontractswithus.Therefore,inorderto
attractmoreviewerstotheprogramandtoavoidlosinganyfurtheradvertisingrevenues,we
shouldrestorethetimedevotedtoweatherandlocalnewstoitsformerlevel."
ThefollowingappearedinanarticlewrittenbyDr.Karp,ananthropologist.
"Twentyyearsago,Dr.Field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandofTertiaand
concludedfromhisobservationsthatchildreninTertiawererearedbyanentirevillage
ratherthanbytheirownbiologicalparents.However,myrecentinterviewswithchildren
livinginthegroupofislandsthatincludesTertiashowthatthesechildrenspendmuchmore
timetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradultsinthevillage.This
researchofmineprovesthatDr.Field'sconclusionaboutTertianvillagecultureisinvalidand
thusthattheobservationcenteredapproachtostudyingculturesisinvalidaswell.The
interviewcenteredmethodthatmyteamofgraduatestudentsiscurrentlyusinginTertiawill
establishamuchmoreaccurateunderstandingofchildrearingtraditionsthereandinother
islandcultures."
Accordingtoarecentreport,cheatingamongcollegeanduniversitystudentsisontherise.
However,GrovetonCollegehassuccessfullyreducedstudentcheatingbyadoptinganhonor
code,whichcallsforstudentstoagreenottocheatintheiracademicendeavorsandtonotify
afacultymemberiftheysuspectthatothershavecheated.Groveton'shonorcodereplaced
asysteminwhichteacherscloselymonitoredstudentsunderthatsystem,teachersreported
anaverageofthirtycasesofcheatingperyear.Inthefirstyearthehonorcodewasinplace,
studentsreportedtwentyonecasesofcheatingfiveyearslater,thisfigurehaddroppedto
fourteen.Moreover,inarecentsurvey,amajorityofGrovetonstudentssaidthattheywould
belesslikelytocheatwithanhonorcodeinplacethanwithout.Thus,allcollegesand
universitiesshouldadopthonorcodessimilartoGroveton'sinordertodecreasecheating
amongstudents.
therecommendation.
ThefollowingappearedinanarticlewrittenbyDr.Karp,ananthropologist.
7/58
10/2/2015
"Twentyyearsago,Dr.Field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandofTertiaand
concludedfromhisobservationsthatchildreninTertiawererearedbyanentirevillage
ratherthanbytheirownbiologicalparents.However,myrecentinterviewswithchildren
livinginthegroupofislandsthatincludesTertiashowthatthesechildrenspendmuchmore
timetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradultsinthevillage.This
researchofmineprovesthatDr.Field'sconclusionaboutTertianvillagecultureisinvalidand
thusthattheobservationcenteredapproachtostudyingculturesisinvalidaswell.The
interviewcenteredmethodthatmyteamofgraduatestudentsiscurrentlyusinginTertiawill
establishamuchmoreaccurateunderstandingofchildrearingtraditionsthereandinother
islandcultures."
ArecentlyissuedtwentyyearstudyonheadachessufferedbytheresidentsofMentia
investigatedthepossibletherapeuticeffectofconsumingsalicylates.Salicylatesare
membersofthesamechemicalfamilyasaspirin,amedicineusedtotreatheadaches.
Althoughmanyfoodsarenaturallyrichinsalicylates,foodprocessingcompaniesalsoadd
salicylatestofoodsaspreservatives.Thetwentyyearstudyfoundacorrelationbetweenthe
riseinthecommercialuseofsalicylatesandasteadydeclineintheaveragenumberof
headachesreportedbystudyparticipants.Atthetimewhenthestudyconcluded,food
processingcompanieshadjustdiscoveredthatsalicylatescanalsobeusedasflavor
additivesforfoods,and,asaresult,manycompaniesplantodoso.Basedonthesestudy
results,somehealthexpertspredictthatresidentsofMentiawillsufferevenfewer
headachesinthefuture.
Thefollowingwaswrittenasapartofanapplicationforasmallbusinessloanbyagroupof
developersinthecityofMonroe.
"AjazzmusicclubinMonroewouldbeatremendouslyprofitableenterprise.Currently,the
nearestjazzclubis65milesawaythus,theproposednewjazzclubinMonroe,theCNote,
wouldhavethelocalmarketalltoitself.Plus,jazzisextremelypopularinMonroe:over
100,000peopleattendedMonroe'sannualjazzfestivallastsummerseveralwellknownjazz
musiciansliveinMonroeandthehighestratedradioprograminMonroeis'JazzNightly,'
whichairseveryweeknightat7P.M.Finally,anationwidestudyindicatesthatthetypical
jazzfanspendscloseto$1,000peryearonjazzentertainment."
8/58
10/2/2015
Thefollowingappearedinthesummaryofastudyonheadachessufferedbytheresidentsof
Mentia.
"Salicylatesaremembersofthesamechemicalfamilyasaspirin,amedicineusedtotreat
headaches.Althoughmanyfoodsarenaturallyrichinsalicylates,forthepastseveral
decades,foodprocessingcompanieshavealsobeenaddingsalicylatestofoodsas
preservatives.Thisriseinthecommercialuseofsalicylateshasbeenfoundtocorrelatewith
asteadydeclineintheaveragenumberofheadachesreportedbyparticipantsinourtwenty
yearstudy.Recently,foodprocessingcompanieshavefoundthatsalicylatescanalsobe
usedasflavoradditivesforfoods.Withthisnewuseforsalicylates,wecanexpecta
continuedsteadydeclineinthenumberofheadachessufferedbytheaveragecitizenof
Mentia."
Thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofalocalnewspaper.
"CommuterscomplainthatincreasedrushhourtrafficonBlueHighwaybetweenthesuburbs
andthecitycenterhasdoubledtheircommutingtime.Thefavoredproposalofthemotorists'
lobbyistowidenthehighway,addinganadditionallaneoftraffic.Butlastyear'sadditionofa
lanetothenearbyGreenHighwaywasfollowedbyaworseningoftrafficjamsonit.Abetter
alternativeistoaddabicyclelanetoBlueHighway.Manyarearesidentsarekeenbicyclists.
Abicyclelanewouldencouragethemtousebicyclestocommute,andsowouldreduce
rushhourtrafficratherthanfosteringanincrease."
Thefollowingappearedinthesummaryofastudyonheadachessufferedbytheresidentsof
Mentia.
"Salicylatesaremembersofthesamechemicalfamilyasaspirin,amedicineusedtotreat
headaches.Althoughmanyfoodsarenaturallyrichinsalicylates,forthepastseveral
decades,foodprocessingcompanieshavealsobeenaddingsalicylatestofoodsas
preservatives.Thisriseinthecommercialuseofsalicylateshasbeenfoundtocorrelatewith
asteadydeclineintheaveragenumberofheadachesreportedbyparticipantsinourtwenty
yearstudy.Recently,foodprocessingcompanieshavefoundthatsalicylatescanalsobe
usedasflavoradditivesforfoods.Withthisnewuseforsalicylates,wecanexpecta
continuedsteadydeclineinthenumberofheadachessufferedbytheaveragecitizenof
Mentia."
9/58
10/2/2015
Thefollowingappearedinaneditorialinalocalnewspaper.
"CommuterscomplainthatincreasedrushhourtrafficonBlueHighwaybetweenthesuburbs
andthecitycenterhasdoubledtheircommutingtime.Thefavoredproposalofthemotorists'
lobbyistowidenthehighway,addinganadditionallaneoftraffic.Opponentsnotethatlast
year'sadditionofalanetothenearbyGreenHighwaywasfollowedbyaworseningoftraffic
jamsonit.TheirsuggestedalternativeproposalisaddingabicyclelanetoBlueHighway.
Manyarearesidentsarekeenbicyclists.Abicyclelanewouldencouragethemtouse
bicyclestocommute,itisargued,therebyreducingrushhourtraffic."
therecommendation.
Thefollowingappearedasarecommendationbyacommitteeplanningatenyearbudgetfor
thecityofCalatrava.
"Thebirthrateinourcityisdeclining:infact,lastyear'sbirthratewasonlyonehalfthatoffive
yearsago.Thusthenumberofstudentsenrolledinourpublicschoolswillsoondecrease
dramatically,andwecansafelyreducethefundsbudgetedforeducationduringthenext
decade.Atthesametime,wecanreducefundingforathleticplayingfieldsandother
recreationalfacilities.Asaresult,wewillhavesufficientmoneytofundcityfacilitiesand
programsusedprimarilybyadults,sincewecanexpecttheadultpopulationofthecityto
increase."
ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofParsonCity'slocalnewspaper.
"InourregionofTrillura,themajorityofmoneyspentontheschoolsthatmoststudents
attendthecityrunpublicschoolscomesfromtaxesthateachcitygovernmentcollects.
Theregion'scitiesdiffer,however,inthebudgetaryprioritytheygivetopubliceducation.For
example,bothasaproportionofitsoveralltaxrevenuesandinabsoluteterms,ParsonCity
hasrecentlyspentalmosttwiceasmuchperyearasBlueCityhasforitspublicschools
eventhoughbothcitieshaveaboutthesamenumberofresidents.Clearly,ParsonCity
residentsplaceahighervalueonprovidingagoodeducationinpublicschoolsthanBlue
Cityresidentsdo."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromavicepresidentofQuiotManufacturing.
10/58
10/2/2015
"Duringthepastyear,QuiotManufacturinghad30percentmoreonthejobaccidentsthanat
thenearbyPanoplyIndustriesplant,wheretheworkshiftsareonehourshorterthanours.
Expertssaythatsignificantcontributingfactorsinmanyonthejobaccidentsarefatigueand
sleepdeprivationamongworkers.Therefore,toreducethenumberofonthejobaccidents
atQuiotandtherebyincreaseproductivity,weshouldshorteneachofourthreeworkshifts
byonehoursothatemployeeswillgetadequateamountsofsleep."
Thefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromtheplanningdepartmentofanelectricpower
company.
"Severalrecentsurveysindicatethathomeownersareincreasinglyeagertoconserve
energy.Atthesametime,manufacturersarenowmarketingmanyhomeappliances,such
asrefrigeratorsandairconditioners,thatarealmosttwiceasenergyefficientasthosesolda
decadeago.Also,newtechnologiesforbetterhomeinsulationandpassivesolarheatingare
readilyavailabletoreducetheenergyneededforhomeheating.Therefore,thetotaldemand
forelectricityinourareawillnotincreaseandmaydeclineslightly.Sinceourthreeelectric
generatingplantsinoperationforthepasttwentyyearshavealwaysmetourneeds,
constructionofnewgeneratingplantswillnotbenecessary."
ThevicepresidentofhumanresourcesatClimpsonIndustriessentthefollowing
recommendationtothecompany'spresident.
"Inanefforttoimproveouremployees'productivity,weshouldimplementelectronic
monitoringofemployees'Internetusefromtheirworkstations.Employeeswhousethe
Internetfromtheirworkstationsneedtobeidentifiedandpunishedifwearetoreducethe
numberofworkhoursspentonpersonalorrecreationalactivities,suchasshoppingor
playinggames.Byinstallingsoftwaretodetectemployees'Internetuseoncompany
computers,wecanpreventemployeesfromwastingtime,fosterabetterworkethicat
Climpson,andimproveouroverallprofits."
ThefollowingappearedinaletterfromtheowneroftheSunnysideTowersapartment
complextoitsmanager.
11/58
10/2/2015
"Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowers
complexweremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoonethirdofwhatitusedtobe.
Althoughactualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyet
available,thechangewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnyside
Corporation,sincethecorporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafew
complaintsaboutlowwaterpressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsince
theadjustment.Ipredictthatmodifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutall
twelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsevenmore
dramatically."
ThefollowingreportappearedinthenewsletteroftheWestMeriaPublicHealthCouncil.
"Aninnovativetreatmenthascometoourattentionthatpromisestosignificantlyreduce
absenteeisminourschoolsandworkplaces.AstudyreportsthatinnearbyEastMeria,
wherefishconsumptionisveryhigh,peoplevisitthedoctoronlyonceortwiceperyearfor
thetreatmentofcolds.Clearly,eatingasubstantialamountoffishcanpreventcolds.Since
coldsrepresentthemostfrequentlygivenreasonforabsencesfromschoolandwork,we
recommendthedailyuseofIchthaidanutritionalsupplementderivedfromfishoilasa
goodwaytopreventcoldsandlowerabsenteeism."
Thefollowingappearedinarecommendationfromtheplanningdepartmentofthecityof
Transopolis.
"Tenyearsago,aspartofacomprehensiveurbanrenewalprogram,thecityofTransopolis
adaptedforindustrialusealargeareaofseverelysubstandardhousingnearthefreeway.
Subsequently,severalfactorieswereconstructedthere,crimeratesintheareadeclined,
andpropertytaxrevenuesfortheentirecityincreased.Tofurtherrevitalizethecity,we
shouldnowtakesimilaractioninadecliningresidentialareaontheoppositesideofthecity.
Sincesomehousesandapartmentsinexistingnearbyneighborhoodsarecurrently
unoccupied,alternatehousingforthosedisplacedbythisactionwillbereadilyavailable."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthenewvicepresidentofSartorian,acompanythat
manufacturesmen'sclothing.
"Fiveyearsago,atatimewhenwehaddifficultiesinobtainingreliablesuppliesofhigh
12/58
10/2/2015
qualitywoolfabric,wediscontinuedproductionofouralpacaovercoat.Nowthatwehavea
newfabricsupplier,weshouldresumeproduction.Thiscoatshouldsellverywell:sincewe
havenotofferedanalpacaovercoatforfiveyearsandsinceourmajorcompetitornolonger
makesanalpacaovercoat,therewillbepentupcustomerdemand.Also,sincethepriceof
mosttypesofclothinghasincreasedineachofthepastfiveyears,customersshouldbe
willingtopaysignificantlyhigherpricesforalpacaovercoatsthantheydidfiveyearsago,
andourcompanyprofitswillincrease."
ArecentsalesstudyindicatesthatconsumptionofseafooddishesinBayCityrestaurants
hasincreasedby30percentduringthepastfiveyears.Yettherearenocurrentlyoperating
cityrestaurantswhosespecialtyisseafood.Moreover,themajorityoffamiliesinBayCityare
twoincomefamilies,andanationwidestudyhasshownthatsuchfamilieseatsignificantly
fewerhomecookedmealsthantheydidadecadeagobutatthesametimeexpressmore
concernabouthealthfuleating.Therefore,thenewCaptainSeafoodrestaurantthat
specializesinseafoodshouldbequitepopularandprofitable.
MilkanddairyproductsarerichinvitaminDandcalciumsubstancesessentialforbuilding
andmaintainingbones.Manypeoplethereforesaythatadietrichindairyproductscanhelp
preventosteoporosis,adiseasethatislinkedtobothenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsand
thatcausesthebonestoweakensignificantlywithage.Butalongtermstudyofalarge
numberofpeoplefoundthatthosewhoconsistentlyconsumeddairyproductsthroughoutthe
yearsofthestudyhaveahigherrateofbonefracturesthananyotherparticipantsinthe
study.Sincebonefracturesaresymptomaticofosteoporosis,thisstudyresultshowsthata
dietrichindairyproductsmayactuallyincrease,ratherthandecrease,theriskof
osteoporosis.
Thefollowingappearedinahealthnewsletter.
"Atenyearnationwidestudyoftheeffectivenessofwearingahelmetwhilebicycling
indicatesthattenyearsago,approximately35percentofallbicyclistsreportedwearing
helmets,whereastodaythatnumberisnearly80percent.Anotherstudy,however,suggests
thatduringthesametenyearperiod,thenumberofbicyclerelatedaccidentshasincreased
200percent.Theseresultsdemonstratethatbicyclistsfeelsaferbecausetheyarewearing
helmets,andtheytakemorerisksasaresult.Thus,toreducethenumberofseriousinjuries
frombicycleaccidents,thegovernmentshouldconcentratemoreoneducatingpeopleabout
bicyclesafetyandlessonencouragingorrequiringbicycliststowearhelmets."
13/58
10/2/2015
ThefollowingisalettertotheheadofthetourismbureauontheislandofTria.
"ErosionofbeachsandalongtheshoresofTriaIslandisaseriousthreattoourislandand
ourtouristindustry.Inordertostoptheerosion,weshouldchargepeopleforusingthe
beaches.Althoughthissolutionmayannoyafewtouristsintheshortterm,itwillraise
moneyforreplenishingthesand.Replenishingthesand,aswasdonetoprotectbuildingson
thenearbyislandofBatia,willhelpprotectbuildingsalongourshores,therebyreducing
thesebuildings'riskofadditionaldamagefromseverestorms.Andsincebeachesand
buildingsintheareawillbepreserved,Tria'stouristindustrywillimproveoverthelongterm."
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythechairpersonoftheWestEggTown
Council.
"Twoyearsago,consultantspredictedthatWestEgg'slandfill,whichisusedforgarbage
disposal,wouldbecompletelyfilledwithinfiveyears.Duringthepasttwoyears,however,
thetown'sresidentshavebeenrecyclingtwiceasmuchmaterialastheydidinprevious
years.Nextmonththeamountofrecycledmaterialwhichincludespaper,plastic,andmetal
shouldfurtherincrease,sincechargesforpickupofotherhouseholdgarbagewilldouble.
Furthermore,over90percentoftherespondentstoarecentsurveysaidthattheywoulddo
morerecyclinginthefuture.Becauseofourtown'sstrongcommitmenttorecycling,the
availablespaceinourlandfillshouldlastforconsiderablylongerthanpredicted."
Thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofajournalonenvironmentalissues.
"Overthepastyear,theCrustCopperCompany(CCC)haspurchasedover10,000square
milesoflandinthetropicalnationofWestFredonia.Miningcopperonthislandwill
inevitablyresultinpollutionand,sinceWestFredoniaisthehomeofseveralendangered
animalspecies,inenvironmentaldisaster.Butsuchdisasterscanbepreventedifconsumers
simplyrefusetopurchaseproductsthataremadewithCCC'scopperunlessthecompany
abandonsitsminingplans."
14/58
10/2/2015
ThefollowingispartofamemorandumfromthepresidentofHumanaUniversity.
"Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhoenrolledinonlinedegreeprogramsofferedbynearby
OmniUniversityincreasedby50percent.Duringthesameyear,Omnishowedasignificant
decreasefromprioryearsinexpendituresfordormitoryandclassroomspace,mostlikely
becauseinstructionintheonlineprogramstakesplaceviatheInternet.Incontrast,overthe
pastthreeyears,enrollmentatHumanaUniversityhasfailedtogrow,andthecostof
maintainingbuildingshasincreasedalongwithourbudgetdeficit.Toaddressthese
problems,HumanaUniversitywillbeginimmediatelytocreateandactivelypromoteonline
degreeprogramslikethoseatOmni.Wepredictthatinstitutingtheseonlinedegree
programswillhelpHumanabothincreaseitstotalenrollmentandsolveitsbudgetproblems."
ThefollowingappearedinahealthmagazinepublishedinCorpora.
"MedicalexpertssaythatonlyonequarterofCorpora'scitizensmeetthecurrentstandards
foradequatephysicalfitness,eventhoughtwentyyearsago,onehalfofallofCorpora's
citizensmetthestandardsasthendefined.Buttheseexpertsaremistakenwhenthey
suggestthatspendingtoomuchtimeusingcomputershascausedadeclineinfitness.Since
overallfitnesslevelsarehighestinregionsofCorporawherelevelsofcomputerownership
arealsohighest,itisclearthatusingcomputershasnotmadecitizenslessphysicallyfit.
Instead,asshownbythisyear'sunusuallylowexpendituresonfitnessrelatedproductsand
services,therecentdeclineintheeconomyismostlikelythecause,andfitnesslevelswill
improvewhentheeconomydoes."
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromtheownerofMoviesGalore,achainof
movierentalstores.
"Becauseofdecliningprofits,wemustreduceoperatingexpensesatMoviesGalore'sten
movierentalstores.Raisingpricesisnotagoodoption,sincewearefamousforourlow
prices.Instead,weshouldreduceouroperatinghours.Lastmonthourstoreindowntown
Marstonreduceditshoursbyclosingat6:00p.m.ratherthan9:00p.m.andreducedits
overallinventorybynolongerstockinganyDVDreleasedmorethanfiveyearsago.Since
wehavereceivedveryfewcustomercomplaintsaboutthesenewpolicies,weshouldnow
adoptthematallotherMoviesGalorestoresasourbeststrategiesforimprovingprofits."
15/58
10/2/2015
Thefollowingappearedinamagazinearticleaboutplanningforretirement.
"Clearviewshouldbeatopchoiceforanyoneseekingaplacetoretire,becauseithas
spectacularnaturalbeautyandaconsistentclimate.Anotheradvantageisthathousing
costsinClearviewhavefallensignificantlyduringthepastyear,andtaxesremainlowerthan
thoseinneighboringtowns.Moreover,Clearview'smayorpromisesmanynewprogramsto
improveschools,streets,andpublicservices.Andbestofall,retireesinClearviewcanalso
expectexcellenthealthcareastheygrowolder,sincethenumberofphysiciansinthearea
isfargreaterthanthenationalaverage."
ThefollowingispartofamemorandumfromthepresidentofHumanaUniversity.
"Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhoenrolledinonlinedegreeprogramsofferedbynearby
OmniUniversityincreasedby50percent.Duringthesameyear,Omnishowedasignificant
decreasefromprioryearsinexpendituresfordormitoryandclassroomspace,mostlikely
becauseonlineinstructiontakesplaceviatheInternet.Incontrast,overthepastthreeyears,
enrollmentatHumanaUniversityhasfailedtogrowandthecostofmaintainingbuildingshas
increased.Thus,toincreaseenrollmentandsolvetheproblemofbudgetdeficitsatHumana
University,weshouldinitiateandactivelypromoteonlinedegreeprogramslikethoseat
Omni."
Anancient,traditionalremedyforinsomniathescentoflavenderflowershasnowbeen
provedeffective.Inarecentstudy,30volunteerswithchronicinsomniaslepteachnightfor
threeweeksonlavenderscentedpillowsinacontrolledroomwheretheirsleepwas
monitoredelectronically.Duringthefirstweek,volunteerscontinuedtotaketheirusual
sleepingmedication.Theysleptsoundlybutwakenedfeelingtired.Atthebeginningofthe
secondweek,thevolunteersdiscontinuedtheirsleepingmedication.Duringthatweek,they
sleptlesssoundlythanthepreviousweekandfeltevenmoretired.Duringthethirdweek,
thevolunteerssleptlongerandmoresoundlythanintheprevioustwoweeks.Therefore,the
studyprovesthatlavendercuresinsomniawithinashortperiodoftime.
restaurants.
"ButterhasnowbeenreplacedbymargarineinHappyPancakeHouserestaurants
16/58
10/2/2015
throughoutthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Onlyabout2percentofcustomershave
complained,indicatingthat98peopleoutof100arehappywiththechange.Furthermore,
manyservershavereportedthatanumberofcustomerswhoaskforbutterdonotcomplain
whentheyaregivenmargarineinstead.Clearly,eitherthesecustomerscannotdistinguish
butterfrommargarineortheyusetheterm'butter'torefertoeitherbutterormargarine.
Thus,toavoidtheexpenseofpurchasingbutterandtoincreaseprofitability,theHappy
PancakeHouseshouldextendthiscostsavingchangetoitsrestaurantsinthesoutheast
andnortheastaswell."
buildingtoitsmanager.
"Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsonthefirstfivefloorsofSunnysideTowerswere
modifiedtorestrictthewaterflowtoapproximatelyonethirdofitsoriginalflow.Although
actualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyetavailable,the
changewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnysideCorporation,sincethe
corporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafewcomplaintsaboutlowwater
pressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment.Clearly,
restrictingwaterflowthroughoutallthetwentyfloorsofSunnysideTowerswillincreaseour
profitsfurther."
Thefollowingappearedinahealthmagazine.
"ThecitizensofForsythehaveadoptedmorehealthfullifestyles.Theirresponsestoarecent
surveyshowthatintheireatinghabitstheyconformmorecloselytogovernmentnutritional
recommendationsthantheydidtenyearsago.Furthermore,therehasbeenafourfold
increaseinsalesoffoodproductscontainingkiran,asubstancethatascientificstudyhas
shownreducescholesterol.Thistrendisalsoevidentinreducedsalesofsulia,afoodthat
fewofthemosthealthycitizensregularlyeat."
HumansarrivedintheKalikoIslandsabout7,000yearsago,andwithin3,000yearsmostof
thelargemammalspeciesthathadlivedintheforestsoftheKalikoIslandshadbecome
extinct.Yethumanscannothavebeenafactorinthespecies'extinctions,becausethereis
noevidencethatthehumanshadanysignificantcontactwiththemammals.Further,
17/58
10/2/2015
archaeologistshavediscoverednumeroussiteswherethebonesoffishhadbeendiscarded,
buttheyfoundnosuchareascontainingthebonesoflargemammals,sothehumanscannot
havehuntedthemammals.Therefore,someclimatechangeorotherenvironmentalfactor
musthavecausedthespecies'extinctions.
Thefollowingappearedinaneditorialinabusinessmagazine.
"AlthoughthesalesofWhirlwindvideogameshavedeclinedoverthepasttwoyears,a
recentsurveyofvideogameplayerssuggeststhatthissalestrendisabouttobereversed.
Thesurveyaskedvideogameplayerswhatfeaturestheythoughtweremostimportantina
videogame.Accordingtothesurvey,playersprefergamesthatprovidelifelikegraphics,
whichrequirethemostuptodatecomputers.Whirlwindhasjustintroducedseveralsuch
gameswithanextensiveadvertisingcampaigndirectedatpeopletentotwentyfiveyears
old,theagegroupmostlikelytoplayvideogames.Itfollows,then,thatthesalesof
Whirlwindvideogamesarelikelytoincreasedramaticallyinthenextfewmonths."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofmarketingatDuraSock,Inc.
"Arecentstudyofourcustomerssuggeststhatourcompanyiswastingthemoneyitspends
onitspatentedEnduremanufacturingprocess,whichensuresthatoursocksarestrong
enoughtolastfortwoyears.WehavealwaysadvertisedouruseoftheEndureprocess,but
thenewstudyshowsthatdespiteoursocks'durability,ouraveragecustomeractually
purchasesnewDuraSockseverythreemonths.Furthermore,ourcustomerssurveyedin
ourlargestmarket,northeasternUnitedStatescities,saythattheymostvalueDuraSocks'
stylishappearanceandavailabilityinmanycolors.Thesefindingssuggestthatwecan
increaseourprofitsbydiscontinuinguseoftheEnduremanufacturingprocess."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofmarketingatDuraSock,Inc.
"Arecentstudyofourcustomerssuggeststhatourcompanyiswastingthemoneyitspends
onitspatentedEnduremanufacturingprocess,whichensuresthatoursocksarestrong
enoughtolastfortwoyears.WehavealwaysadvertisedouruseoftheEndureprocess,but
thenewstudyshowsthatdespiteoursocks'durability,ouraveragecustomeractually
18/58
10/2/2015
purchasesnewDuraSockseverythreemonths.Furthermore,ourcustomerssurveyedin
ourlargestmarket,northeasternUnitedStatescities,saythattheymostvalueDuraSocks'
stylishappearanceandavailabilityinmanycolors.Thesefindingssuggestthatwecan
increaseourprofitsbydiscontinuinguseoftheEnduremanufacturingprocess."
ThevicepresidentforhumanresourcesatClimpsonIndustriessentthefollowing
"Inanefforttoimproveouremployees'productivity,weshouldimplementelectronic
monitoringofemployees'Internetusefromtheirworkstations.Employeeswhousethe
Internetinappropriatelyfromtheirworkstationsneedtobeidentifiedandpunishedifweare
toreducethenumberofworkhoursspentonpersonalorrecreationalactivities,suchas
shoppingorplayinggames.Installingsoftwareoncompanycomputerstodetectemployees'
Internetuseisthebestwaytopreventemployeesfromwastingtimeonthejob.Itwillfoster
abetterworkethicatClimpsonandimproveouroverallprofits."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthepresidentofBowerBuilders,acompanythat
constructsnewhomes.
"Anationwidesurveyrevealsthatthetwomostdesiredhomefeaturesarealargefamily
roomandalarge,wellappointedkitchen.Anumberofhomesinourareabuiltbyour
competitorDomusConstructionhavesuchfeaturesandhavesoldmuchfasterandat
significantlyhigherpricesthanthenationalaverage.Toboostsalesandprofits,weshould
increasethesizeofthefamilyroomsandkitchensinallthehomeswebuildandshould
makestateoftheartkitchensastandardfeature.Moreover,ourlargerfamilyroomsand
kitchenscancomeattheexpenseofthediningroom,sincemanyofourrecentbuyerssay
theydonotneedaseparatediningroomforfamilymeals."
Thefollowingappearedinaletterfromafirmprovidinginvestmentadviceforaclient.
"MosthomesinthenortheasternUnitedStates,wherewintersaretypicallycold,have
traditionallyusedoilastheirmajorfuelforheating.Lastheatingseasonthatregion
experienced90dayswithbelownormaltemperatures,andclimateforecasterspredictthat
thisweatherpatternwillcontinueforseveralmoreyears.Furthermore,manynewhomesare
beingbuiltintheregioninresponsetorecentpopulationgrowth.Becauseofthesetrends,
19/58
10/2/2015
wepredictanincreaseddemandforheatingoilandrecommendinvestmentinConsolidated
Industries,oneofwhosemajorbusinessoperationsistheretailsaleofhomeheatingoil."
ThefollowingappearedinanarticleintheGrandviewBeacon.
"FormanyyearsthecityofGrandviewhasprovidedannualfundingfortheGrandview
Symphony.Lastyear,however,privatecontributionstothesymphonyincreasedby200
percentandattendanceatthesymphony'sconcertsintheparkseriesdoubled.The
symphonyhasalsoannouncedanincreaseinticketpricesfornextyear.Givensuch
developments,somecitycommissionersarguethatthesymphonycannowbefullyself
supporting,andtheyrecommendthatfundingforthesymphonybeeliminatedfromnext
year'sbudget."
therecommendation.
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromthedirectorofalargegroupofhospitals.
"Inalaboratorystudyofliquidantibacterialhandsoaps,aconcentratedsolutionof
UltraCleanproduceda40percentgreaterreductioninthebacteriapopulationthandidthe
liquidhandsoapscurrentlyusedinourhospitals.DuringasubsequenttestofUltraCleanat
ourhospitalinWorkby,thathospitalreportedsignificantlyfewercasesofpatientinfection
thandidanyoftheotherhospitalsinourgroup.Therefore,topreventseriouspatient
infections,weshouldsupplyUltraCleanatallhandwashingstationsthroughoutourhospital
system."
ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditoroftheParkvilleDailynewspaper.
"Throughoutthecountrylastyear,asmoreandmorechildrenbelowtheageofnine
participatedinyouthleaguesports,over40,000oftheseyoungplayerssufferedinjuries.
Wheninterviewedforarecentstudy,youthleaguesoccerplayersinseveralmajorcitiesalso
reportedpsychologicalpressureexertedbycoachesandparentstowingames.
Furthermore,educationexpertssaythatlongpracticesessionsforthesesportstakeaway
timethatcouldbeusedforacademicactivities.Sincethedisadvantagesoutweighany
advantages,weinParkvilleshoulddiscontinueorganizedathleticcompetitionforchildren
20/58
10/2/2015
undernine."
CollectorsprizetheancientlifesizeclaystatuesofhumanfiguresmadeonKaliIslandbut
havelongwonderedhowKalineseartistswereabletodepictbodieswithsuchrealistic
precision.Sincearchaeologistshaverecentlydiscoveredmoldsofhumanheadsandhands
onKali,wecannowconcludethattheancientKalineseartistsusedmoldsofactualbodies,
notsculptingtoolsandtechniques,tocreatethesestatues.Thisdiscoveryexplainswhy
Kalineseminiaturestatueswereabstractandentirelydifferentinstyle:moldscouldbeused
onlyforlifesizesculptures.ItalsoexplainswhyfewancientKalinesesculptingtoolshave
beenfound.Inlightofthisdiscovery,collectorspredictthatthelifesizesculptureswill
decreaseinvaluewhiletheminiaturesincreaseinvalue.
WhenStanleyParkfirstopened,itwasthelargest,mostheavilyusedpublicparkintown.It
isstillthelargestpark,butitisnolongerheavilyused.Videocamerasmountedinthepark's
parkinglotslastmonthrevealedthepark'sdropinpopularity:therecordingsshowedan
averageofonly50carsperday.Incontrast,tinyCarltonParkintheheartofthebusiness
districtisvisitedbymorethan150peopleonatypicalweekday.Anobviousdifferenceisthat
CarltonPark,unlikeStanleyPark,providesampleseating.Thus,ifStanleyParkisevertobe
aspopularwithourcitizensasCarltonPark,thetownwillobviouslyneedtoprovidemore
benches,therebyconvertingsomeoftheunusedopenareasintospacessuitablefor
socializing.
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromtheownerofachainofcheesestoreslocated
throughouttheUnitedStates.
"Formanyyearsallthestoresinourchainhavestockedawidevarietyofbothdomesticand
importedcheeses.Lastyear,however,allofthefivebestsellingcheesesatournewest
storeweredomesticcheddarcheesesfromWisconsin.Furthermore,arecentsurvey
byCheesesoftheWorldmagazineindicatesanincreasingpreferencefordomesticcheeses
amongitssubscribers.Sinceourcompanycanreduceexpensesbylimitinginventory,the
bestwaytoimproveprofitsinallofourstoresistodiscontinuestockingmanyofourvarieties
ofimportedcheeseandconcentrateprimarilyondomesticcheeses."
21/58
10/2/2015
ThefollowingappearedaspartofabusinessplandevelopedbythemanageroftheRialto
MovieTheater.
"Despiteitsdowntownlocation,theRialtoMovieTheater,alocalinstitutionforfivedecades,
mustmakebigchangesorcloseitsdoorsforever.Itshouldfollowtheexampleofthenew
ApexTheaterinthemalloutsideoftown.WhentheApexopenedlastyear,itfeatureda
videoarcade,plushcarpetingandseats,andastateoftheartsoundsystem.Furthermore,
inarecentsurvey,over85percentofrespondentsreportedthatthehighpriceofnewly
releasedmoviespreventsthemfromgoingtothemoviesmorethanfivetimesperyear.
Thus,iftheRialtointendstoholdontoitsshareofadecreasingpoolofmoviegoers,itmust
offerthesamefeaturesasApex."
Arecentstudyreportedthatpetownershavelonger,healthierlivesonaveragethando
peoplewhoownnopets.Specifically,dogownerstendtohavealowerincidenceofheart
disease.Inlightofthesefindings,SherwoodHospitalshouldformapartnershipwith
SherwoodAnimalSheltertoinstituteanadoptadogprogram.Theprogramwould
encouragedogownershipforpatientsrecoveringfromheartdisease,whichshouldreduce
thesepatients'chanceofexperiencingcontinuingheartproblemsandalsoreducetheirneed
forongoingtreatment.Asafurtherbenefit,thepublicityabouttheprogramwouldencourage
morepeopletoadoptpetsfromtheshelter.Andthatwillreducetheincidenceofheart
diseaseinthegeneralpopulation.
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromavicepresidentofalarge,highlydiversified
company.
"Tenyearsagoourcompanyhadtwonewofficebuildingsconstructedasregional
headquartersfortworegions.Thebuildingswereerectedbydifferentconstruction
companiesAlphaandZeta.Althoughthetwobuildingshadidenticalfloorplans,the
buildingconstructedbyZetacost30percentmoretobuild.However,thatbuilding's
expensesformaintenancelastyearwereonlyhalfthoseofAlpha's.Inaddition,theenergy
consumptionoftheZetabuildinghasbeenlowerthanthatoftheAlphabuildingeveryyear
sinceitsconstruction.Giventhesedata,plusthefactthatZetahasastableworkforcewith
littleemployeeturnover,werecommendusingZetaratherthanAlphaforournewbuilding
22/58
10/2/2015
project,eventhoughAlpha'sbidpromiseslowerconstructioncosts."
therecommendation.
company.
headquartersfortworegions.Thebuildingswereerectedbydifferentconstruction
companiesAlphaandZeta.Althoughthetwobuildingshadidenticalfloorplans,the
buildingconstructedbyZetacost30percentmoretobuild.However,thatbuilding's
expensesformaintenancelastyearwereonlyhalfthoseofAlpha's.Furthermore,theenergy
consumptionoftheZetabuildinghasbeenlowerthanthatoftheAlphabuildingeveryyear
sinceitsconstruction.SuchdataindicatethatweshoulduseZetaratherthanAlphaforour
contemplatednewbuildingproject,eventhoughAlpha'sbidpromiseslowerconstruction
costs."
ThefollowingisalettertotheeditoroftheWaymarshTimes.
"TraffichereinWaymarshisbecomingaproblem.Althoughjustthreeyearsagoastate
trafficsurveyshowedthatthetypicaldrivingcommutertook20minutestogettowork,the
commutenowtakescloserto40minutes,accordingtothesurveyjustcompleted.Members
ofthetowncouncilalreadyhavesuggestedmoreroadbuildingtoaddresstheproblem,but
aswellasbeingexpensive,thenewconstructionwillsurelydisruptsomeofourresidential
neighborhoods.ItwouldbebettertofollowtheexampleofthenearbycityofGarville.Last
yearGarvilleimplementedapolicythatrewardspeoplewhoshareridestowork,givingthem
couponsforfreegas.PollutionlevelsinGarvillehavedroppedsincethepolicywas
implemented,andpeoplefromGarvilletellmethatcommutingtimeshavefallen
considerably.ThereisnoreasonwhyapolicylikeGarville'sshouldn'tworkequallywellin
Waymarsh."
Thefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorofanationalnewspaper.
"Yourrecentarticleoncorporatedownsizing*inElthyriamaintainsthatthemajorityof
competentworkerswhohavelostjobsasaresultofdownsizingfaceseriouseconomic
hardship,oftenforyears,beforefindingothersuitableemployment.Butthisclaimis
23/58
10/2/2015
underminedbyarecentreportontheElthyrianeconomy,whichfoundthatsince1999far
morejobshavebeencreatedthanhavebeeneliminated,bringingtheunemploymentratein
Elthyriatoitslowestlevelindecades.Moreover,twothirdsofthesenewlycreatedjobshave
beeninindustriesthattendtopayaboveaveragewages,andthevastmajorityofthesejobs
arefulltime."
*Downsizingistheprocesswherebycorporationsdeliberatelymakethemselvessmaller,
reducingthenumberoftheiremployees.
ThefollowingappearedontheMozartSchoolofMusicWebsite.
"TheMozartSchoolofMusicshouldbethefirstchoiceforparentsconsideringenrollingtheir
childinmusiclessons.Firstofall,theMozartSchoolwelcomesyoungstersatallabilityand
agelevelsthereisnoauditiontoattendtheschool.Second,theschooloffersinstructionin
nearlyallmusicalinstrumentsaswellawiderangeofstylesandgenresfromclassicalto
rock.Third,thefacultyincludessomeofthemostdistinguishedmusiciansinthearea.
Finally,manyMozartgraduateshavegoneontobecomewellknownandhighlypaid
professionalmusicians."
ThepresidentofGroveCollegehasrecommendedthatthecollegeabandonitscenturyold
traditionofallfemaleeducationandbeginadmittingmen.Pointingtootherallfemale
collegesthatexperiencedanincreaseinapplicationsafteradoptingcoeducation,the
presidentarguesthatcoeducationwouldleadtoasignificantincreaseinapplicationsand
enrollment.However,thedirectorofthealumnaeassociationopposestheplan.Arguingthat
allfemaleeducationisessentialtotheveryidentityofthecollege,thedirectorcitesannual
surveysofincomingstudentsinwhichthesestudentssaythattheschool'sallfemalestatus
wastheprimaryreasontheyselectedGrove.ThedirectoralsopointstoasurveyofGrove
alumnaeinwhichamajorityofrespondentsstronglyfavoredkeepingthecollegeallfemale.
therecommendation.
ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofaBatavianewspaper.
"ThedepartmentofagricultureinBataviareportsthatthenumberofdairyfarmsthroughout
thecountryisnow25percentgreaterthanitwas10yearsago.Duringthissametime
24/58
10/2/2015
period,however,thepriceofmilkatthelocalExcelloFoodMarkethasincreasedfrom$1.50
toover$3.00pergallon.Topreventfarmersfromcontinuingtoreceiveexcessiveprofitson
anapparentlyincreasedsupplyofmilk,theBataviagovernmentshouldbegintoregulate
retailmilkprices.Suchregulationisnecessarytoensurefairpricesforconsumers."
Thefollowingappearedinanewsletterofferingadvicetoinvestors.
"Over80percentoftherespondentstoarecentsurveyindicatedadesiretoreducetheir
intakeoffoodscontainingfatsandcholesterol,andtodaylowfatproductsaboundinmany
foodstores.SincemanyofthefoodproductscurrentlymarketedbyOldDairyIndustriesare
highinfatandcholesterol,thecompany'ssalesarelikelytodiminishgreatlyandcompany
profitswillnodoubtdecrease.WethereforeadviseOldDairystockholderstoselltheir
shares,andotherinvestorsnottopurchasestockinthiscompany."
todecidewhethertheadviceandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besure
toexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheadvice.
ThefollowingrecommendationappearedinamemofromthemayorofthetownofHopewell.
"Twoyearsago,thenearbytownofOceanViewbuiltanewmunicipalgolfcourseandresort
hotel.Duringthepasttwoyears,tourisminOceanViewhasincreased,newbusinesses
haveopenedthere,andOceanView'staxrevenueshaverisenby30percent.Therefore,the
bestwaytoimproveHopewell'seconomyandgenerateadditionaltaxrevenuesistobuild
agolfcourseandresorthotelsimilartothoseinOceanView."
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofafooddistributioncompany
withfoodstoragewarehousesinseveralcities.
"Recently,wesignedacontractwiththeFlyAwayPestControlCompanytoprovidepest
controlservicesatourfastfoodwarehouseinPalmCity,butlastmonthwediscoveredthat
over$20,000worthoffoodtherehadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.Meanwhile,the
BuzzoffPestControlCompany,whichwehaveusedformanyyears,continuedtoservice
ourwarehouseinWintervale,andlastmonthonly$10,000worthofthefoodstoredthere
hadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.EventhoughthepricechargedbyFlyAwayis
considerablylower,ourbestmeansofsavingmoneyistoreturntoBuzzoffforallourpest
controlservices."
25/58
10/2/2015
SincethoseissuesofNewsbeatmagazinethatfeaturedpoliticalnewsontheirfrontcover
werethepoorestsellingissuesoverthepastthreeyears,thepublisherofNewsbeathas
recommendedthatthemagazinecurtailitsemphasisonpoliticstofocusmoreexclusivelyon
economicsandpersonalfinance.Shepointstoarecentsurveyofreadersofgeneralinterest
magazinesthatindicatesgreaterreaderinterestineconomicissuesthaninpolitical
ones.Newsbeat'seditor,however,opposestheproposedshiftineditorialpolicy,pointingout
thatveryfewmagazinesofferextensivepoliticalcoverageanymore.
therecommendation.
ThefollowingistakenfromamemofromtheadvertisingdirectoroftheSuperScreenMovie
ProductionCompany.
"Accordingtoarecentreportfromourmarketingdepartment,duringthepastyear,fewer
peopleattendedSuperScreenproducedmoviesthaninanyotheryear.Andyetthe
percentageofpositivereviewsbymoviereviewersaboutspecificSuperScreenmovies
actuallyincreasedduringthepastyear.Clearly,thecontentsofthesereviewsarenot
reachingenoughofourprospectiveviewers.Thus,theproblemliesnotwiththequalityof
ourmoviesbutwiththepublic'slackofawarenessthatmoviesofgoodqualityareavailable.
SuperScreenshouldthereforeallocateagreatershareofitsbudgetnextyeartoreaching
thepublicthroughadvertising."
therecommendation.
Thefollowingappearedinabusinessmagazine.
"Asaresultofnumerouscomplaintsofdizzinessandnauseaonthepartofconsumersof
Promofoodstuna,thecompanyrequestedthateightmillioncansofitstunabereturnedfor
testing.Promofoodsconcludedthatthecannedtunadidnot,afterall,poseahealthrisk.
Thisconclusionisbasedontestsperformedonsamplesoftherecalledcansbychemists
fromPromofoodsthechemistsfoundthatoftheeightfoodchemicalsmostcommonly
blamedforcausingsymptomsofdizzinessandnausea,fivewerenotfoundinanyofthe
testedcans.Thechemistsdidfindsmallamountsofthethreeremainingsuspected
chemicalsbutpointedoutthattheseoccurnaturallyinallcannedfoods."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeaddressedinorder
26/58
10/2/2015
todecidewhethertheconclusionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Be
suretoexplainhowtheanswerstothequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheconclusion.
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofmarketingatDuraSocks,Inc.
"ArecentstudyofDuraSockscustomerssuggeststhatourcompanyiswastingthemoneyit
spendsonitspatentedEnduremanufacturingprocess,whichensuresthatoursocksare
strongenoughtolastfortwoyears.WehavealwaysadvertisedouruseoftheEndure
process,butthenewstudyshowsthatdespitethesocks'durability,ourcustomers,on
average,actuallypurchasenewDuraSockseverythreemonths.Furthermore,customers
surveyedinourlargestmarketnortheasternUnitedStatescitiessaythattheymostvalue
DuraSocks'stylishappearanceandavailabilityinmanycolors.Thesefindingssuggestthat
wecanincreaseourprofitsbydiscontinuinguseoftheEnduremanufacturingprocess."
therecommendation.
Thefollowingisalettertotheeditorofanenvironmentalmagazine.
"In1975awildlifecensusfoundthatthereweresevenspeciesofamphibiansinXanadu
NationalPark,withabundantnumbersofeachspecies.However,in2002onlyfourspecies
ofamphibianswereobservedinthepark,andthenumbersofeachspeciesweredrastically
reduced.Therehasbeenasubstantialdeclineinthenumbersofamphibiansworldwide,and
globalpollutionofwaterandairisclearlyimplicated.ThedeclineofamphibiansinXanadu
NationalPark,however,almostcertainlyhasadifferentcause:in1975,troutwhichare
knowntoeatamphibianeggswereintroducedintothepark."
Thefollowingisalettertotheeditorofanenvironmentalmagazine.
"TwostudiesofamphibiansinXanaduNationalParkconfirmasignificantdeclineinthe
numbersofamphibians.In1975thereweresevenspeciesofamphibiansinthepark,and
therewereabundantnumbersofeachspecies.However,in2002onlyfourspeciesof
amphibianswereobservedinthepark,andthenumbersofeachspeciesweredrastically
reduced.Oneproposedexplanationisthatthedeclinewascausedbytheintroductionof
troutintothepark'swaters,whichbeganin1975.(Troutareknowntoeatamphibianeggs.)"
27/58
10/2/2015
InastudyofthereadinghabitsofWaymarshcitizensconductedbytheUniversityof
Waymarsh,mostrespondentssaidthattheypreferredliteraryclassicsasreadingmaterial.
However,asecondstudyconductedbythesameresearchersfoundthatthetypeofbook
mostfrequentlycheckedoutofeachofthepubliclibrariesinWaymarshwasthemystery
novel.Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattherespondentsinthefirststudyhad
misrepresentedtheirreadinghabits.
ThefollowingappearedinamemoatXYZcompany.
"WhenXYZlaysoffemployees,itpaysDelanyPersonnelFirmtoofferthoseemployees
assistanceincreatingrsumsanddevelopinginterviewingskills,iftheysodesire.Laidoff
employeeshavebenefitedgreatlyfromDelany'sservices:lastyearthosewhousedDelany
foundjobsmuchmorequicklythandidthosewhodidnot.Recently,ithasbeenproposed
thatweusethelessexpensiveWalshPersonnelFirminplaceofDelany.Thiswouldbea
mistakebecauseeightyearsago,whenXYZwasusingWalsh,onlyhalfoftheworkerswe
laidoffatthattimefoundjobswithinayear.Moreover,Delanyisclearlysuperior,as
evidencedbyitsbiggerstaffandlargernumberofbranchoffices.Afterall,lastyearDelany's
clientstookanaverageofsixmonthstofindjobs,whereasWalsh'sclientstooknine."
InastudyofthereadinghabitsofWaymarshcitizensconductedbytheUniversityof
Waymarsh,mostrespondentssaidtheypreferredliteraryclassicsasreadingmaterial.
However,asecondstudyconductedbythesameresearchersfoundthatthetypeofbook
mostfrequentlycheckedoutofeachofthepubliclibrariesinWaymarshwasthemystery
novel.Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattherespondentsinthefirststudyhad
misrepresentedtheirreadingpreferences.
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythevicepresidentofHealthNaturally,a
smallbutexpandingchainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherhealthrelatedproducts.
"Ourpreviousexperiencehasbeenthatourstoresaremostprofitableinareaswhere
residentsarehighlyconcernedwithleadinghealthylives.Weshouldthereforebuildoneof
ournewstoresinPlainsville,whichclearlyhasmanysuchresidents.Plainsvillemerchants
reportthatsalesofrunningshoesandexerciseequipmentareatalltimehighs.Thelocal
healthclub,whichnearlyclosedfiveyearsagoduetolackofbusiness,hasmoremembers
thanever,andtheweighttrainingandaerobicsclassesarealwaysfull.Wecaneven
28/58
10/2/2015
anticipateanewgenerationofcustomers:Plainsville'sschoolchildrenarerequiredto
participateinaprogramcalledFitnessforLife,whichemphasizesthebenefitsofregular
exerciseatanearlyage."
ThefollowingappearedinamemoatXYZcompany.
"WhenXYZlaysoffemployees,itpaysDelanyPersonnelFirmtoofferthoseemployees
assistanceincreatingrsumsanddevelopinginterviewingskills,iftheysodesire.Laidoff
employeeshavebenefitedgreatlyfromDelany'sservices:lastyearthosewhousedDelany
foundjobsmuchmorequicklythandidthosewhodidnot.Recently,ithasbeenproposed
thatweusethelessexpensiveWalshPersonnelFirminplaceofDelany.Thiswouldbea
mistakebecauseeightyearsago,whenXYZwasusingWalsh,onlyhalfoftheworkerswe
laidoffatthattimefoundjobswithinayear.Moreover,Delanyisclearlysuperior,as
evidencedbyitsbiggerstaffandlargernumberofbranchoffices.Afterall,lastyearDelany's
clientstookanaverageofsixmonthstofindjobs,whereasWalsh'sclientstooknine."
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythevicepresidentofHealthNaturally,a
smallbutexpandingchainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherhealthrelatedproducts.
"Ourpreviousexperiencehasbeenthatourstoresaremostprofitableinareaswhere
residentsarehighlyconcernedwithleadinghealthylives.Weshouldthereforebuildoneof
ournewstoresinPlainsville,whichclearlyhasmanysuchresidents.Plainsvillemerchants
reportthatsalesofrunningshoesandexerciseequipmentareatalltimehighs.Thelocal
healthclub,whichnearlyclosedfiveyearsagoduetolackofbusiness,hasmoremembers
thanever,andtheweighttrainingandaerobicsclassesarealwaysfull.Wecaneven
anticipateanewgenerationofcustomers:Plainsville'sschoolchildrenarerequiredto
participateinaprogramcalledFitnessforLife,whichemphasizesthebenefitsofregular
exerciseatanearlyage."
Threeyearsago,becauseoffloodingattheWesternPaleanWildlifePreserve,100lionsand
100westerngazellesweremovedtotheEastPaleanPreserve,anareathatishometo
mostofthesamespeciesthatarefoundinthewesternpreserve,thoughinlargernumbers,
andtotheeasterngazelle,acloserelativeofthewesterngazelle.Theonlydifferencein
climateisthattheeasternpreservetypicallyhasslightlylessrainfall.Unfortunately,after
29/58
10/2/2015
threeyearsintheeasternpreserve,theimportedwesterngazellepopulationhasbeen
virtuallyeliminated.Sincetheslightreductioninrainfallcannotbethecauseofthevirtual
eliminationofwesterngazelle,theirdisappearancemusthavebeencausedbythelarger
numberofpredatorsintheeasternpreserve.
WorkersinthesmalltownofLeevilletakefewersickdaysthanworkersinthelargecityof
Masonton,50milesaway.Moreover,relativetopopulationsize,thediagnosisofstress
relatedillnessisproportionallymuchlowerinLeevillethaninMasonton.Accordingtothe
LeevilleChamberofCommerce,thesefactscanbeattributedtothehealthbenefitsofthe
relativelyrelaxedpaceoflifeinLeeville.
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthemanagerofWWACradiostation.
"WWACmustchangefromitscurrentrockmusicformatbecausethenumberoflisteners
hasbeendeclining,eventhoughthepopulationinourlisteningareahasbeengrowing.The
populationgrowthhasresultedmainlyfrompeoplemovingtoourareaaftertheirretirement,
andwemustmakelistenersofthesenewresidents.Buttheyseemtohavelimitedinterestin
music:severallocalstoressellingrecordedmusichaverecentlyclosed.Therefore,just
changingtoanotherkindofmusicisnotgoingtoincreaseouraudience.Instead,weshould
adoptanewsandtalkformat,aformofradiothatisincreasinglypopularinourarea."
therecommendation.
ThevicepresidentofhumanresourcesatClimpsonIndustriessentthefollowing
"ArecentnationalsurveyfoundthatthemajorityofworkerswithaccesstotheInternetat
workhadusedcompanycomputersforpersonalorrecreationalactivities,suchasbanking
orplayinggames.Inanefforttoimproveouremployees'productivity,weshouldimplement
electronicmonitoringofemployees'Internetusefromtheirworkstations.Usingelectronic
monitoringsoftwareisthebestwaytoreducethenumberofhoursClimpsonemployees
spendonpersonalorrecreationalactivities.Wepredictthatinstallingsoftwaretomonitor
employees'Internetusewillallowustopreventemployeesfromwastingtime,thereby
increasingproductivityandimprovingoverallprofits."
30/58
10/2/2015
"Fiveyearsago,atatimewhenwehaddifficultyobtainingreliablesuppliesofhighquality
woolfabric,wediscontinuedproductionofourpopularalpacaovercoat.Nowthatwehavea
newfabricsupplier,weshouldresumeproduction.Giventheoutcryfromourcustomers
whenwediscontinuedthisproductandthefactthatnoneofourcompetitorsoffersa
comparableproduct,wecanexpectpentupconsumerdemandforouralpacacoats.This
demandandtheoverallincreaseinclothingpriceswillmakeSartorian'salpacaovercoats
moreprofitablethaneverbefore."
"Fiveyearsago,atatimewhenwehaddifficultyobtainingreliablesuppliesofhighquality
woolfabric,wediscontinuedproductionofourpopularalpacaovercoat.Nowthatwehavea
newfabricsupplier,weshouldresumeproduction.Giventheoutcryfromourcustomers
whenwediscontinuedthisproductandthefactthatnoneofourcompetitorsoffersa
comparableproduct,wecanexpectpentupconsumerdemandforouralpacacoats.Dueto
thisdemandandtheoverallincreaseinclothingprices,wecanpredictthatSartorian's
alpacaovercoatswillbemoreprofitablethaneverbefore."
ThefollowingappearedinanemailsentbythemarketingdirectoroftheClassical
ShakespeareTheatreofBardville.
"Overthepasttenyears,therehasbeena20percentdeclineinthesizeoftheaverage
audienceatClassicalShakespeareTheatreproductions.Inspiteofincreasedadvertising,
weareattractingfewerandfewerpeopletoourshows,causingourprofitstodecrease
significantly.Wemusttakeactiontoattractnewaudiencemembers.Thebestwaytodoso
isbyinstitutinga'ShakespeareinthePark'programthissummer.Twoyearsagothenearby
AvonRepertoryCompanystarteda'FreePlaysinthePark'program,anditsprofitshave
increased10percentsincethen.Ifwestarta'ShakespeareinthePark'program,wecan
predictthatourprofitswillincrease,too."
31/58
10/2/2015
ThefollowingisarecommendationfromthebusinessmanagerofMonarchBooks.
"SinceitsopeninginCollegevilletwentyyearsago,MonarchBookshasdevelopedalarge
customerbaseduetoitsreaderfriendlyatmosphereandwideselectionofbooksonall
subjects.Lastmonth,BookandBean,acombinationbookstoreandcoffeeshop,announced
itsintentiontoopenaCollegevillestore.MonarchBooksshouldopenitsowninstorecafin
thespacecurrentlydevotedtochildren'sbooks.Givenrecentnationalcensusdataindicating
asignificantdeclineinthepercentageofthepopulationunderageten,salesofchildren's
booksarelikelytodecline.Byreplacingitschildren'sbookssectionwithacaf,Monarch
BookscanincreaseprofitsandwardoffcompetitionfromBookandBean."
ThefollowingisarecommendationfromthebusinessmanagerofMonarchBooks.
"SinceitsopeninginCollegevilletwentyyearsago,MonarchBookshasdevelopedalarge
customerbaseduetoitsreaderfriendlyatmosphereandwideselectionofbooksonall
subjects.Lastmonth,BookandBean,acombinationbookstoreandcoffeeshop,announced
itsintentiontoopenaCollegevillestore.MonarchBooksshouldopenitsowninstorecafin
thespacecurrentlydevotedtochildren'sbooks.Givenrecentnationalcensusdataindicating
asignificantdeclineinthepercentageofthepopulationunderageten,salesofchildren's
booksarelikelytodecline.Byreplacingitschildren'sbookssectionwithacaf,Monarch
BookscanincreaseprofitsandwardoffcompetitionfromBookandBean."
"JazzmusicisextremelypopularinthecityofMonroe:over100,000peopleattended
Monroe'sannualjazzfestivallastsummer,andthehighestratedradioprograminMonroeis
'JazzNightly,'whichairseveryweeknight.Also,anumberofwellknownjazzmusiciansown
homesinMonroe.Nevertheless,thenearestjazzclubisoveranhouraway.Giventhe
popularityofjazzinMonroeandarecentnationwidestudyindicatingthatthetypicaljazzfan
spendscloseto$1,000peryearonjazzentertainment,ajazzmusicclubinMonroewould
betremendouslyprofitable."
32/58
10/2/2015
Thereisnowevidencethattherelaxedpaceoflifeinsmalltownspromotesbetterhealth
andgreaterlongevitythandoesthehecticpaceoflifeinbigcities.Businessesinthesmall
townofLeevillereportfewerdaysofsickleavetakenbyindividualworkersthando
businessesinthenearbylargecityofMasonton.Furthermore,Leevillehasonlyone
physicianforitsonethousandresidents,butinMasontontheproportionofphysiciansto
residentsisfivetimesashigh.Finally,theaverageageofLeevilleresidentsissignificantly
higherthanthatofMasontonresidents.Thesefindingssuggestthatpeopleseekinglonger
andhealthierlivesshouldconsidermovingtosmallcommunities.
"JazzmusicisextremelypopularinthecityofMonroe:over100,000peopleattended
Monroe'sannualjazzfestivallastsummer,andthehighestratedradioprograminMonroeis
'JazzNightly,'whichairseveryweeknight.Also,anumberofwellknownjazzmusiciansown
homesinMonroe.Nevertheless,thenearestjazzclubisoveranhouraway.Giventhe
popularityofjazzinMonroeandarecentnationwidestudyindicatingthatthetypicaljazzfan
spendscloseto$1,000peryearonjazzentertainment,wepredictthatournewjazzmusic
clubinMonroewillbeatremendouslyprofitableenterprise."
Thereisnowevidencethattherelaxedpaceoflifeinsmalltownspromotesbetterhealth
andgreaterlongevitythandoesthehecticpaceoflifeinbigcities.Businessesinthesmall
townofLeevillereportfewerdaysofsickleavetakenbyindividualworkersthando
businessesinthenearbylargecityofMasonton.Furthermore,Leevillehasonlyone
physicianforitsonethousandresidents,butinMasontontheproportionofphysiciansto
residentsisfivetimesashigh.Finally,theaverageageofLeevilleresidentsissignificantly
higherthanthatofMasontonresidents.Thesefindingssuggestthattherelaxedpaceoflife
inLeevilleallowsresidentstolivelonger,healthierlives.
33/58
10/2/2015
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromavicepresidentofamanufacturingcompany.
"Duringthepastyear,workersatournewlyopenedfactoryreported30percentmoreonthe
jobaccidentsthanworkersatnearbyPanoplyIndustries.Panoplyproducesproductsvery
similartothoseproducedatourfactory,butitsworkshiftsareonehourshorterthanours.
Expertssaythatfatigueandsleepdeprivationamongworkersaresignificantcontributing
factorsinmanyonthejobaccidents.Panoply'ssuperiorsafetyrecordcanthereforebe
attributedtoitsshorterworkshifts,whichallowitsemployeestogetadequateamountsof
rest."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofButlerManufacturing.
"Duringthepastyear,workersatButlerManufacturingreported30percentmoreonthejob
accidentsthanworkersatnearbyPanoplyIndustries,wheretheworkshiftsareonehour
shorterthanours.Arecentgovernmentstudyreportsthatfatigueandsleepdeprivation
amongworkersaresignificantcontributingfactorsinmanyonthejobaccidents.Ifwe
shorteneachofourworkshiftsbyonehour,wecanimproveButlerManufacturing'ssafety
recordbyensuringthatouremployeesareadequatelyrested."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromtheBoardofDirectorsofButlerManufacturing.
"Duringthepastyear,workersatButlerManufacturingreported30percentmoreonthejob
accidentsthanworkersatnearbyPanoplyIndustries,wheretheworkshiftsareonehour
shorterthanours.Arecentgovernmentstudyreportsthatfatigueandsleepdeprivation
amongworkersaresignificantcontributingfactorsinmanyonthejobaccidents.Therefore,
werecommendthatButlerManufacturingshorteneachofitsworkshiftsbyonehour.
ShortershiftswillallowButlertoimproveitssafetyrecordbyensuringthatitsemployeesare
adequatelyrested."
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromthebusinessmanagerofachainofcheesestores
locatedthroughouttheUnitedStates.
34/58
10/2/2015
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromtheownerofachainofcheesestoreslocated
throughouttheUnitedStates.
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthegeneralmanagerofKNOWradiostation.
"SeveralfactorsindicatethatradiostationKNOWshouldshiftitsprogrammingfromrock
androllmusictoacontinuousnewsformat.Consider,forexample,thatthenumberof
peopleinourlisteningareaoverfiftyyearsofagehasincreaseddramatically,whileourtotal
numberoflistenershasdeclined.Also,musicstoresinourareareportdecreasedsalesof
recordedmusic.Finally,continuousnewsstationsinneighboringcitieshavebeenvery
successful.Theswitchfromrockandrollmusicto24hournewswillattractolderlisteners
andsecureKNOWradio'sfuture."
ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthemanagerofKNOWradiostation.
"SeveralfactorsindicatethatKNOWradiocannolongersucceedasarockandrollmusic
station.Consider,forexample,thatthenumberofpeopleinourlisteningareaoverfiftyyears
ofagehasincreaseddramatically,whileourtotalnumberoflistenershasdeclined.Also,
musicstoresinourareareportdecreasedsalesofrockandrollmusic.Finally,continuous
newsstationsinneighboringcitieshavebeenverysuccessful.Wepredictthatswitching
35/58
10/2/2015
KNOWradiofromrockandrollmusicto24hournewswillallowthestationtoattractolder
listenersandmakeKNOWradiomoreprofitablethanever."
movierentalstores.
"Inordertostoptherecentdeclineinourprofits,wemustreduceoperatingexpensesat
MoviesGalore'stenmovierentalstores.Sincewearefamousforourspecialbargains,
raisingourrentalpricesisnotaviablewaytoimproveprofits.Lastmonthourstorein
downtownMarstonsignificantlydecreaseditsoperatingexpensesbyclosingat6:00P.M.
ratherthan9:00P.M.andbyreducingitsstockbyeliminatingallmoviesreleasedmorethan
fiveyearsago.Byimplementingsimilarchangesinourotherstores,MoviesGalorecan
increaseprofitswithoutjeopardizingourreputationforofferinggreatmoviesatlowprices."
movierentalstores.
"Inordertoreversetherecentdeclineinourprofits,wemustreduceoperatingexpensesat
MoviesGalore'stenmovierentalstores.Sincewearefamousforourspecialbargains,
raisingourrentalpricesisnotaviablewaytoimproveprofits.Lastmonthourstorein
downtownMarstonsignificantlydecreaseditsoperatingexpensesbyclosingat6:00p.m.
ratherthan9:00p.m.andbyreducingitsstockbyeliminatingallmoviesreleasedmorethan
fiveyearsago.Therefore,inordertoincreaseprofitswithoutjeopardizingourreputationfor
offeringgreatmoviesatlowprices,werecommendimplementingsimilarchangesinour
othernineMoviesGalorestores."
therecommendation.
ThefollowingisarecommendationfromthepersonneldirectortothepresidentofAcme
PublishingCompany.
"ManyothercompanieshaverecentlystatedthathavingtheiremployeestaketheEasy
ReadSpeedReadingCoursehasgreatlyimprovedproductivity.Onegraduateofthecourse
wasabletoreada500pagereportinonlytwohoursanothergraduaterosefroman
36/58
10/2/2015
assistantmanagertovicepresidentofthecompanyinunderayear.Obviously,thefaster
youcanread,themoreinformationyoucanabsorbinasingleworkday.Moreover,Easy
ReadwouldcostAcmeonly$500peremployeeasmallpricetopaywhenyouconsider
thebenefits.IncludedinthisfeeisathreeweekseminarinSpruceCityandalifelong
subscriptiontotheEasyReadnewsletter.Clearly,toimproveproductivity,Acmeshould
requireallofouremployeestotaketheEasyReadcourse."
todecidewhethertheadviceandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besure
toexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheadvice.
controlservicesatourwarehouseinPalmCity,butlastmonthwediscoveredthatover
$20,000worthoffoodtherehadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.Meanwhile,theBuzzoff
PestControlCompany,whichwehaveusedformanyyearsinPalmCity,continuedto
serviceourwarehouseinWintervale,andlastmonthonly$10,000worthofthefoodstored
therehadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.EventhoughthepricechargedbyFlyAwayis
controlservices."
therecommendation.
company.
headquartersfortwodifferentregions.Thebuildingswereerectedbytwodifferent
constructioncompaniesAlphaandZeta.Eventhoughthetwobuildingshadidenticalfloor
plans,thebuildingconstructedbyZetacost30percentmoretobuild,anditsexpensesfor
maintenancelastyearweretwicethoseofthebuildingconstructedbyAlpha.Furthermore,
theenergyconsumptionoftheZetabuildinghasbeenhigherthanthatoftheAlphabuilding
everyyearsinceitsconstruction.Suchdata,plusthefactthatAlphahasastableworkforce
withlittleemployeeturnover,indicatethatweshoulduseAlpharatherthanZetaforour
contemplatednewbuildingproject."
37/58
10/2/2015
therehadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.Thisdifferenceinpestdamageisbestexplained
bythenegligenceofFlyAway."
therehadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.EventhoughthepricechargedbyFlyAwayis
controlservices."
Thefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinabusinessmagazine.
"Arecentstudyrating300maleandfemaleadvertisingexecutivesaccordingtotheaverage
numberofhourstheysleeppernightshowedanassociationbetweentheamountofsleep
theexecutivesneedandthesuccessoftheirfirms.Oftheadvertisingfirmsstudied,those
whoseexecutivesreportedneedingnomorethansixhoursofsleeppernighthadhigher
profitmarginsandfastergrowth.Onthebasisofthisstudy,werecommendthatbusinesses
hireonlypeoplewhoneedlessthansixhoursofsleeppernight."
therecommendation.
38/58
10/2/2015
Evidencesuggeststhatacademichonorcodes,whichcallforstudentstoagreenottocheat
intheiracademicendeavorsandtonotifyafacultymemberiftheysuspectthatothershave
cheated,arefarmoresuccessfulthanareothermethodsatdeterringcheatingamong
studentsatcollegesanduniversities.Severalyearsago,GrovetonCollegeadoptedsucha
codeanddiscontinueditsoldfashionedsysteminwhichteacherscloselymonitored
students.Undertheoldsystem,teachersreportedanaverageofthirtycasesofcheatingper
year.Inthefirstyearthehonorcodewasinplace,studentsreportedtwentyonecasesof
cheatingfiveyearslater,thisfigurehaddroppedtofourteen.Moreover,inarecentsurvey,a
majorityofGrovetonstudentssaidthattheywouldbelesslikelytocheatwithanhonorcode
inplacethanwithout.
Severalyearsago,GrovetonCollegeadoptedanhonorcode,whichcallsforstudentsto
agreenottocheatintheiracademicendeavorsandtonotifyafacultymemberifthey
suspectthatothershavecheated.Groveton'shonorcodereplacedasysteminwhich
teacherscloselymonitoredstudents.Underthatsystem,teachersreportedanaverageof
thirtycasesofcheatingperyear.Thehonorcodehasprovenfarmoresuccessful:inthefirst
yearitwasinplace,studentsreportedtwentyonecasesofcheatingfiveyearslater,this
figurehaddroppedtofourteen.Moreover,inarecentsurvey,amajorityofGroveton
studentssaidthattheywouldbelesslikelytocheatwithanhonorcodeinplacethan
without.Suchevidencesuggeststhatallcollegesanduniversitiesshouldadopthonorcodes
similartoGroveton's.Thischangeissuretoresultinadramaticdeclineincheatingamong
collegestudents.
"Inacontrolledlaboratorystudyofliquidhandsoaps,aconcentratedsolutionofextra
strengthUltraCleanhandsoapproduceda40percentgreaterreductioninharmfulbacteria
thandidtheliquidhandsoapscurrentlyusedinourhospitals.Duringourrecenttestof
regularstrengthUltraCleanwithdoctors,nurses,andvisitorsatourhospitalinWorktown,
thehospitalreportedsignificantlyfewercasesofpatientinfection(a20percentreduction)
infections,weshouldsupplyUltraCleanatallhandwashingstations,includingthoseused
byvisitors,throughoutourhospitalsystem."
39/58
10/2/2015
thandidanyoftheotherhospitalsinourgroup.Theexplanationforthe20percentreduction
inpatientinfectionsistheuseofUltraCleansoap."
thatduringthesametenyearperiod,thenumberofaccidentscausedbybicyclinghas
increased200percent.Theseresultsdemonstratethatbicyclistsfeelsaferbecausetheyare
wearinghelmets,andtheytakemorerisksasaresult.Thus,thereisclearlyacallforthe
governmenttostrivetoreducethenumberofseriousinjuriesfrombicycleaccidentsby
launchinganeducationprogramthatconcentratesonthefactorsotherthanhelmetusethat
arenecessaryforbicyclesafety."
therecommendation.
infections,weshouldsupplyUltraCleanatallhandwashingstations,includingthoseused
byvisitors,throughoutourhospitalsystem."
40/58
10/2/2015
thatduringthesametenyearperiod,thenumberofaccidentscausedbybicyclinghas
increased200percent.Theseresultsdemonstratethatbicyclistsfeelsaferbecausetheyare
wearinghelmets,andtheytakemorerisksasaresult.Thusthereisclearlyacallforthe
governmenttostrivetoreducethenumberofseriousinjuriesfrombicycleaccidentsby
launchinganeducationprogramthatconcentratesonthefactorsotherthanhelmetusethat
arenecessaryforbicyclesafety."
PublishingCompany.
subscriptiontotheEasyReadnewsletter.Clearly,Acmewouldbenefitgreatlybyrequiring
allofouremployeestotaketheEasyReadcourse."
PublishingCompany.
subscriptiontotheEasyReadnewsletter.Clearly,toimproveoverallproductivity,Acme
shouldrequireallofouremployeestotaketheEasyReadcourse."
41/58
10/2/2015
therecommendation.
"Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowers
complexweremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoonethirdofwhatitusedtobe.
Althoughactualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyet
available,thechangewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnyside
Corporation,sincethecorporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafew
complaintsaboutlowwaterpressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsince
theadjustment.Clearly,modifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutalltwelve
buildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsfurther."
"Lastweek,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplex
weremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoonethirdofwhatitusedtobe.Although
actualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyetavailable,the
changewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnysideCorporation,sincethe
corporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafewcomplaintsaboutlowwater
pressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment.Clearly,
modifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnyside
Towerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsfurther."
restaurants.
throughoutthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Onlyabout2percentofcustomershavefileda
formalcomplaint,indicatingthatanaverageof98peopleoutof100arehappywiththe
change.Furthermore,manyservershavereportedthatanumberofcustomerswhoaskfor
butterdonotcomplainwhentheyaregivenmargarineinstead.Clearly,eitherthese
customerscannotdistinguishbutterfrommargarineortheyusetheterm'butter'toreferto
eitherbutterormargarine.Thus,toavoidtheexpenseofpurchasingbutter,theHappy
42/58
10/2/2015
PancakeHouseshouldextendthiscostsavingchangetoitsrestaurantsthroughouttherest
ofthecountry."
restaurants.
complained,indicatingthatanaverageof98peopleoutof100arehappywiththechange.
Furthermore,manyservershavereportedthatanumberofcustomerswhoaskforbutterdo
notcomplainwhentheyaregivenmargarineinstead.Clearly,eitherthesecustomerscannot
distinguishbutterfrommargarineortheyusetheterm'butter'torefertoeitherbutteror
margarine.Thus,wepredictthatHappyPancakeHousewillbeabletoincreaseprofits
dramaticallyifweextendthiscostsavingchangetoallourrestaurantsinthesoutheastand
northeastaswell."
ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheschoolboardinthetownofCenterville.
"Allstudentsshouldberequiredtotakethedriver'seducationcourseatCentervilleHigh
School.Inthepasttwoyears,severalaccidentsinandaroundCentervillehaveinvolved
teenagedrivers.SinceanumberofparentsinCentervillehavecomplainedthattheyaretoo
busytoteachtheirteenagerstodrive,someotherinstructionisnecessarytoensurethat
theseteenagersaresafedrivers.AlthoughtherearetwodrivingschoolsinCenterville,
parentsonatightbudgetcannotaffordtopayfordrivinginstruction.Thereforeaneffective
andmandatoryprogramsponsoredbythehighschoolistheonlysolutiontothisserious
problem."
restaurants.
complained,indicatingthatanaverageof98peopleoutof100arehappywiththechange.
43/58
10/2/2015
Furthermore,manyservershavereportedthatanumberofcustomerswhoaskforbutterdo
notcomplainwhentheyaregivenmargarineinstead.Clearly,eitherthesecustomerscannot
distinguishbutterfrommargarineortheyusetheterm'butter'torefertoeitherbutteror
margarine.Thus,toavoidtheexpenseofpurchasingbutterandtoincreaseprofitability,the
HappyPancakeHouseshouldextendthiscostsavingchangetoitsrestaurantsinthe
southeastandnortheastaswell."
problem."
Thedatafromasurveyofhighschoolmathandscienceteachersshowthatinthedistrictof
Sanleemanyoftheseteachersreportedassigningdailyhomework,whereasinthedistrictof
Marlee,mostscienceandmathteachersreportedassigninghomeworknomorethantwoor
threedaysperweek.Despitereceivinglessfrequenthomeworkassignments,Marlee
studentsearnbettergradesoverallandarelesslikelytoberequiredtorepeatayearof
schoolthanarestudentsinSanlee.Theseresultscallintoquestiontheusefulnessof
frequenthomeworkassignments.MostlikelytheMarleestudentshavemoretimeto
concentrateonindividualassignmentsthandotheSanleestudentswhohavehomework
everyday.Thereforeteachersinourhighschoolsshouldassignhomeworknomorethan
twiceaweek.
44/58
10/2/2015
problem."
therecommendation.
WhiletheDepartmentofEducationinthestateofAttrarecommendsthathighschool
studentsbeassignedhomeworkeveryday,thedatafromarecentstatewidesurveyofhigh
schoolmathandscienceteachersgiveusreasontoquestiontheusefulnessofdaily
homework.InthedistrictofSanlee,86percentoftheteachersreportedassigninghomework
threetofivetimesaweek,whereasinthedistrictofMarlee,lessthan25percentofthe
teachersreportedassigninghomeworkthreetofivetimesaweek.YetthestudentsinMarlee
earnbettergradesoverallandarelesslikelytoberequiredtorepeatayearofschoolthan
arethestudentsinSanlee.Therefore,allteachersinourhighschoolsshouldassign
homeworknomorethantwiceaweek.
ThefollowingappearedasaneditorialinthestudentnewspaperofGrovetonCollege.
"Tocombattherecentlyreporteddramaticriseincheatingamongcollegestudents,colleges
anduniversitiesshouldadopthonorcodessimilartoGroveton's,whichcallsforstudentsto
agreenottocheatintheiracademicendeavorsandtonotifyafacultymemberifthey
suspectthatothershavecheated.Groveton'shonorcodereplacedanoldfashionedsystem
inwhichteacherscloselymonitoredstudents.Underthatsystem,teachersreportedan
averageofthirtycasesofcheatingperyear.Thehonorcodehasprovenfarmore
successful:inthefirstyearitwasinplace,studentsreportedtwentyonecasesofcheating
fiveyearslater,thisfigurehaddroppedtofourteen.Moreover,inarecentsurveyconducted
bytheGrovetonhonorcouncil,amajorityofstudentssaidthattheywouldbelesslikelyto
cheatwithanhonorcodeinplacethanwithout."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromabudgetplannerforthecityofGrandview.
"OurcitizensarewellawareofthefactthatwhiletheGrandviewSymphonyOrchestrawas
strugglingtosucceed,ourcitygovernmentpromisedannualfundingtohelpsupportits
programs.Lastyear,however,privatecontributionstothesymphonyincreasedby200
percent,andattendanceatthesymphony'sconcertsintheparkseriesdoubled.The
45/58
10/2/2015
symphonyhasalsoannouncedanincreaseinticketpricesfornextyear.Suchdevelopments
indicatethatthesymphonycannowsucceedwithoutfundingfromcitygovernmentandwe
caneliminatethatexpensefromnextyear'sbudget.Therefore,werecommendthatthecity
ofGrandvieweliminateitsfundingfortheGrandviewSymphonyfromnextyear'sbudget.By
doingso,wecanpreventacitybudgetdeficitwithoutthreateningthesuccessofthe
symphony."
WhiletheDepartmentofEducationinthestateofAttrasuggeststhathighschoolstudents
beassignedhomeworkeveryday,thedatafromarecentstatewidesurveyofhighschool
mathandscienceteachersgiveusreasontoquestiontheusefulnessofdailyhomework.In
thedistrictofSanlee,86percentoftheteachersreportedassigninghomeworkthreetofive
timesaweek,whereasinthedistrictofMarlee,lessthan25percentoftheteachersreported
assigninghomeworkthreetofivetimesaweek.YetthestudentsinMarleeearnbetter
gradesoverallandarelesslikelytoberequiredtorepeatayearofschoolthanarethe
studentsinSanlee.Therefore,werecommendthatallteachersinourhighschoolsshould
assignhomeworknomorethantwiceaweek.
therecommendation.
ThefollowingappearedinamemototheboardoftheGrandviewSymphony.
"ThecityofGrandviewhasprovidedannualfundingfortheGrandviewSymphonysincethe
symphony'sinceptiontenyearsago.Lastyearthesymphonyhiredaninternationallyknown
conductor,whohasbeenabletoattracthighprofileguestmusicianstoperformwiththe
symphony.Sincethen,privatecontributionstothesymphonyhavedoubledandattendance
atthesymphony'sconcertsintheparkserieshasreachednewhighs.Nowthatthe
GrandviewSymphonyisanestablishedsuccess,itcanraiseticketprices.Increased
revenuefromlargeraudiencesandhigherticketpriceswillenablethesymphonytosucceed
withoutfundingfromthecitygovernment."
Hospitalstatisticsregardingpeoplewhogototheemergencyroomafterrollerskating
accidentsindicatetheneedformoreprotectiveequipment.Withinthatgroupofpeople,75
percentofthosewhohadaccidentsinstreetsorparkinglotshadnotbeenwearingany
protectiveclothing(helmets,kneepads,etc.)oranylightreflectingmaterial(cliponlights,
glowinthedarkwristpads,etc.).Clearly,thestatisticsindicatethatbyinvestinginhigh
46/58
10/2/2015
qualityprotectivegearandreflectiveequipment,rollerskaterswillgreatlyreducetheirriskof
beingseverelyinjuredinanaccident.
"WhentheGrandviewSymphonywasestablishedtenyearsago,thecityofGrandview
agreedtoprovidethesymphonywithannualfundinguntilthesymphonybecameself
sustaining.Twoyearsago,thesymphonyhiredaninternationallyknownconductor,whohas
beenabletoattracthighprofileguestmusicianstoperformwiththesymphony.Sincethen,
privatecontributionstothesymphonyhavetripledandattendanceatthesymphony's
outdoorsummerconcertserieshasreachedrecordhighs.Nowthatthesymphonyhas
succeededinfindinganaudience,thecitycaneliminateitsfundingofthesymphony."
ThecitizensofForsythehaveadoptedmorehealthfullifestyles.Theirresponsestoarecent
surveyshowthatintheireatinghabitstheyconformmorecloselytogovernmentnutritional
recommendationsthantheydidtenyearsago.Furthermore,therehasbeenafourfold
increaseinsalesoffoodproductscontainingkiran,asubstancethatascientificstudyhas
shownreducescholesterol.Thistrendisalsoevidentinreducedsalesofsulia,afoodthat
fewofthehealthiestcitizensregularlyeat.
Thefollowingappearedinamemototheboardofdirectorsofacompanythatspecializesin
thedeliveryofheatingoil.
traditionallyusedoilastheirmajorfuelforheating.Lastheatingseason,thatregion
wecansafelypredictthatthisregionwillexperienceanincreaseddemandforheatingoil
duringthenextfiveyears."
47/58
10/2/2015
Thefollowingappearedinamemototheboardofdirectorsofacompanythatspecializesin
thedeliveryofheatingoil.
traditionallyusedoilastheirmajorfuelforheating.Lastheatingseason,thatregion
wecansafelypredictthatthisregionwillexperienceanincreaseddemandforheatingoil
duringthenextfiveyears."
ThefollowingrecommendationwasmadebythepresidentandadministrativestaffofGrove
College,aprivateinstitution,tothecollege'sgoverningcommittee.
"WerecommendthatGroveCollegepreserveitscenturyoldtraditionofallfemaleeducation
ratherthanadmitmenintoitsprograms.Itistruethatamajorityoffacultymembersvotedin
favorofcoeducation,arguingthatitwouldencouragemorestudentstoapplytoGrove.But
80percentofthestudentsrespondingtoasurveyconductedbythestudentgovernment
wantedtheschooltoremainallfemale,andoverhalfofthealumnaewhoanswereda
separatesurveyalsoopposedcoeducation.Keepingthecollegeallfemalewillimprove
moraleamongstudentsandconvincealumnaetokeepsupportingthecollegefinancially."
48/58
10/2/2015
Thefollowingappearedinaletterfromafirmprovidinginvestmentadvicetoaclient.
"HomesinthenortheasternUnitedStates,wherewintersaretypicallycold,havetraditionally
usedoilastheirmajorfuelforheating.Lastyearthatregionexperienced90dayswith
belowaveragetemperatures,andclimateforecastersatWaymarshUniversitypredictthat
thisweatherpatternwillcontinueforseveralmoreyears.Furthermore,manynewhomes
havebeenbuiltinthisregionduringthepastyear.Becausethesedevelopmentswill
certainlyresultinanincreaseddemandforheatingoil,werecommendinvestmentin
ConsolidatedIndustries,oneofwhosemajorbusinessoperationsistheretailsaleofhome
heatingoil."
therecommendation.
BentonCityresidentshaveadoptedhealthierlifestyles.Arecentsurveyofcityresidents
showsthattheeatinghabitsofcityresidentsconformmorecloselytogovernmentnutritional
recommendationsthantheydidtenyearsago.Duringthosetenyears,localsalesoffood
productscontainingkiran,asubstancethatascientificstudyhasshownreducescholesterol,
haveincreasedfourfold,whilesalesofsulia,afoodrarelyeatenbythehealthiestresidents,
havedeclineddramatically.BecauseofthesepositivechangesintheeatinghabitsofBenton
Cityresidents,wepredictthattheobesityrateinthecitywillsoonbewellbelowthenational
average.
ThefollowingappearedinamemototheboardofdirectorsofBargainBrandCereals.
49/58
10/2/2015
"Oneyearagoweintroducedourfirstproduct,BargainBrandbreakfastcereal.Ourverylow
pricesquicklydrewmanycustomersawayfromthetopsellingcerealcompanies.Although
thecompaniesproducingthetopbrandshavesincetriedtocompetewithusbylowering
theirpricesandalthoughseveralplantointroducetheirownbudgetbrands,notoncehave
weneededtoraiseourpricestocontinuemakingaprofit.Givenoursuccessinselling
cereal,werecommendthatBargainBrandnowexpanditsbusinessandbeginmarketing
otherlowpricedfoodproductsasquicklyaspossible."
therecommendation.
ThefollowingappearedinamemototheboardofdirectorsofBargainBrandCereals.
"Oneyearagoweintroducedourfirstproduct,BargainBrandbreakfastcereal.Ourverylow
pricesquicklydrewmanycustomersawayfromthetopsellingcerealcompanies.Although
thecompaniesproducingthetopbrandshavesincetriedtocompetewithusbylowering
theirpricesandalthoughseveralplantointroducetheirownbudgetbrands,notoncehave
weneededtoraiseourpricestocontinuemakingaprofit.Givenoursuccessinselling
cereal,werecommendthatBargainBrandnowexpanditsbusinessandbeginmarketing
otherlowpricedfoodproductsasquicklyaspossible."
usedoilastheirmajorfuelforheating.Lastyearthatregionexperiencedtwentydayswith
belowaveragetemperatures,andlocalweatherforecastersthroughouttheregionpredict
thatthisweatherpatternwillcontinueforseveralmoreyears.Furthermore,manynew
homeshavebeenbuiltinthisregionduringthepastyear.Basedonthesedevelopments,we
predictalargeincreaseinthedemandforheatingoil.Therefore,werecommendinvestment
inConsolidatedIndustries,oneofwhosemajorbusinessoperationsistheretailsaleof
homeheatingoil."
therecommendation.
50/58
10/2/2015
usedoilastheirmajorfuelforheating.Lastyearthatregionexperiencedtwentydayswith
belowaveragetemperatures,andlocalweatherforecastersthroughouttheregionpredict
thatthisweatherpatternwillcontinueforseveralmoreyears.Furthermore,manynew
homeshavebeenbuiltinthisregionduringthepastyear.Becauseofthesedevelopments,
wepredictanincreaseddemandforheatingoilandrecommendinvestmentinConsolidated
Industries,oneofwhosemajorbusinessoperationsistheretailsaleofhomeheatingoil."
"Recently,therehavebeendiscussionsaboutendingGroveCollege'scenturyoldtradition
ofallfemaleeducationbyadmittingmalestudentsintoourprograms.Atarecentfaculty
meeting,amajorityoffacultymembersvotedinfavorofcoeducation,arguingthatitwould
encouragemorestudentstoapplytoGrove.However,Grovestudents,bothpastand
present,areagainsttheideaofcoeducation.Eightypercentofthestudentsrespondingtoa
surveyconductedbythestudentgovernmentwantedtheschooltoremainallfemale,and
overhalfofthealumnaewhoansweredaseparatesurveyalsoopposedcoeducation.
Therefore,werecommendmaintainingGroveCollege'straditionofallfemaleeducation.We
predictthatkeepingthecollegeallfemalewillimprovemoraleamongstudentsandconvince
alumnaetokeepsupportingthecollegefinancially."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthemarketingdirectorofTopDogPetStores.
"FiveyearsagoFishEmporiumstartedadvertisinginthemagazineExoticPetsMonthly.
Theirstoressawsalesincreaseby15percentaftertheiradsbeganappearinginthe
magazine.ThethreeFishEmporiumstoresinGulfCitysawanevengreaterincreasethan
that.BecauseTopDogPetStoresisbasedinGulfCity,itseemsclearthatweshouldstart
placingourownadsinExoticPetsMonthly.Ifwedoso,wewillbesuretoreversetherecent
trendofdecliningsalesandstartmakingaprofitagain."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthemarketingdirectorofTopDogPetStores.
"Fiveyearsago,FishEmporiumstartedadvertisinginthemagazineExoticPetsMonthly.
51/58
10/2/2015
Theirstoressawsalesincreaseby15percent.ThethreeFishEmporiumstoresinGulfCity
sawanevengreaterincreasethanthat.BecauseTopDoghassomeofitslargeststoresin
GulfCity,itseemsclearthatweshouldstartplacingourownadsinExoticPetsMonthly.If
wedoso,wewillbesuretoreversetherecenttrendofdecliningsalesandstartmakinga
profitagain."
"ThepopulationonBalmerIslandincreasesto100,000duringthesummermonths.To
reducethenumberofaccidentsinvolvingmopedsandpedestrians,thetowncouncilof
BalmerIslandplanstolimitthenumberofmopedsrentedbyeachoftheisland'ssixmoped
rentalcompaniesfrom50perdayto30perdayduringthesummerseason.Lastyear,the
neighboringislandofTorseauenforcedsimilarlimitsonmopedrentalsandsawa50percent
reductioninmopedaccidents.WepredictthatputtingtheselimitsintoeffectonBalmer
Islandwillresultinthesamereductioninmopedaccidents."
ThefollowingappearedinarecommendationfromthePresidentoftheAmburgChamberof
Commerce.
"LastOctober,thecityofBellevilleinstalledhighintensitylightinginitscentralbusiness
district,andvandalismtheredeclinedalmostimmediately.ThecityofAmburg,ontheother
hand,recentlyinstitutedpolicepatrolsonbicyclesinitsbusinessdistrict.However,therate
ofvandalismhereremainsconstant.Sincehighintensitylightingisclearlythemosteffective
waytocombatcrime,werecommendusingthemoneythatiscurrentlybeingspenton
bicyclepatrolstoinstallsuchlightingthroughoutAmburg.Ifweinstallthishighintensity
lighting,wewillsignificantlyreducecrimeratesinAmburg."
PublishingCompany.
52/58
10/2/2015
subscriptiontotheEasyReadnewsletter.Clearly,Acmewouldbenefitgreatlybyrequiring
allofouremployeestotaketheEasyReadcourse."
"ItistimeforthecityofGrandviewtostopfundingtheGrandviewSymphonyOrchestra.Itis
truethatthesymphonystruggledfinanciallyformanyyears,butlastyearprivate
contributionstothesymphonyincreasedby200percentandattendanceatthesymphony's
concertsintheparkseriesdoubled.Inaddition,thesymphonyhasjustannouncedan
increaseinticketpricesfornextyear.Forthesereasons,werecommendthatthecity
eliminatefundingfortheGrandviewSymphonyOrchestrafromnextyear'sbudget.We
predictthatthesymphonywillflourishintheyearstocomeevenwithoutfundingfromthe
city."
ThefollowingmemoappearedinthenewsletteroftheWestMeriaPublicHealthCouncil.
whereconsumptionoftheplantbeneficiaisveryhigh,peoplevisitthedoctoronlyonceor
twiceperyearforthetreatmentofcolds.Clearly,eatingasubstantialamountofbeneficia
canpreventcolds.Sincecoldsarethereasonmostfrequentlygivenforabsencesfrom
schoolandwork,werecommendthedailyuseofnutritionalsupplementsderivedfrom
beneficia.Wepredictthiswilldramaticallyreduceabsenteeisminourschoolsand
workplaces."
ThefollowingwaswrittenbyagroupofdevelopersinthecityofMonroe.
"AjazzmusicclubinMonroewouldbeatremendouslyprofitableenterprise.Atpresent,the
nearestjazzclubisover60milesawayfromMonroethus,ourproposedclub,theCNote,
wouldhavethelocalmarketalltoitself.Inaddition,thereisampleevidenceofthepopularity
53/58
10/2/2015
ofjazzinMonroe:over100,000peopleattendedMonroe'sjazzfestivallastsummer,several
wellknownjazzmusiciansliveinMonroe,andthehighestratedradioprograminMonroeis
'JazzNightly.'Finally,anationwidestudyindicatesthatthetypicaljazzfanspendscloseto
$1,000peryearonjazzentertainment.WethereforepredictthattheCNotecannothelpbut
makemoney."
HumansarrivedintheKalikoIslandsabout7,000yearsago,andwithin3,000yearsmostof
thelargemammalspeciesthathadlivedintheforestsoftheKalikoIslandswereextinct.
Previousarchaeologicalfindingshavesuggestedthatearlyhumansgenerallyreliedonboth
fishingandhuntingforfoodsincearchaeologistshavediscoverednumeroussitesinthe
KalikoIslandswherethebonesoffishwerediscarded,itislikelythatthehumansalso
huntedthemammals.Furthermore,researchershaveuncoveredsimpletools,suchasstone
knives,thatcouldbeusedforhunting.Theonlyclearexplanationisthathumanscausedthe
extinctionofthevariousmammalspeciesthroughexcessivehunting.
ThefollowingmemoappearedinthenewsletteroftheWestMeriaPublicHealthCouncil.
wherefishconsumptionisveryhigh,peoplevisitthedoctoronlyonceortwiceperyearfor
thetreatmentofcolds.Thisshowsthateatingasubstantialamountoffishcanclearly
preventcolds.Furthermore,sincecoldsarethereasonmostfrequentlygivenforabsences
fromschoolandwork,attendancelevelswillimprove.Therefore,werecommendthedaily
useofanutritionalsupplementderivedfromfishoilasagoodwaytopreventcoldsand
lowerabsenteeism."
therecommendation.
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromavicepresidentofAltaManufacturing.
"Duringthepastyear,AltaManufacturinghadthirtypercentmoreonthejobaccidentsthan
nearbyPanoplyIndustries,wheretheworkshiftsareonehourshorterthanours.Experts
believethatasignificantcontributingfactorinmanyaccidentsisfatiguecausedbysleep
deprivationamongworkers.Therefore,toreducethenumberofonthejobaccidentsatAlta,
54/58
10/2/2015
werecommendshorteningeachofourthreeworkshiftsbyonehour.Ifwedothis,our
employeeswillgetadequateamountsofsleep."
therecommendation.
ThefollowingisaletterthatrecentlyappearedintheOakCityGazette,alocalnewspaper.
"TheprimaryfunctionoftheCommitteeforaBetterOakCityistoadvisethecitygovernment
onhowtomakethebestuseofthecity'slimitedbudget.However,atsomeofourrecent
meetingswefailedtomakeimportantdecisionsbecauseofthefoolishobjectionsraisedby
committeememberswhoarenotevenresidentsofOakCity.PeoplewhoworkinOakCity
butwholiveelsewherecannotfullyunderstandthebusinessandpoliticsofthecity.Afterall,
onlyOakCityresidentspaycitytaxes,andthereforeonlyresidentsunderstandhowthat
moneycouldbestbeusedtoimprovethecity.Werecommend,then,thattheCommitteefor
aBetterOakCityvotetorestrictitsmembershiptocityresidentsonly.Wepredictthat,
withouttheinterferenceofnonresidents,thecommitteewillbeabletomakeOakCitya
betterplaceinwhichtoliveandwork."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthemayorofBrindleburgtothecitycouncil.
"Twoyearsago,thetownofSeasideVistaopenedanewmunicipalgolfcourseandresort
hotel.Sincethen,theSeasideVistaTourismBoardhasreporteda20%increaseinvisitors.
Inaddition,localbanksreportedasteepriseinthenumberofnewbusinessloan
applicationstheyreceivedthisyear.TheamountoftaxmoneycollectedbySeasideVista
hasalsoincreased,allowingthetowntoannounceplanstoimproveSeasideVista'sroads
andbridges.WerecommendbuildingasimilargolfcourseandresorthotelinBrindleburg.
Wepredictthatthisprojectwillgenerateadditionaltaxrevenuethatthecitycanusetofund
muchneededpublicimprovements."
Thefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofacompanythatbuilds
shoppingmallsaroundthecountry.
"ThesurfaceofasectionofRoute101,pavedjusttwoyearsagobyGoodIntentions
Roadways,isnowbadlycrackedwithanumberofdangerouspotholes.Inanotherpartof
55/58
10/2/2015
thestate,asectionofRoute40,pavedbyAppianRoadwaysmorethanfouryearsago,is
stillingoodcondition.Inademonstrationoftheircontinuingcommitmenttoquality,Appian
Roadwaysrecentlypurchasedstateoftheartpavingmachineryandhiredanewquality
controlmanager.Therefore,IrecommendhiringAppianRoadwaystoconstructtheaccess
roadsforallournewshoppingmalls.IpredictthatourAppianaccessroadswillnothaveto
berepairedforatleastfouryears."
ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromtheownerofaskateshopinCentral
Plaza.
"TwoyearsagothecityvotedtoprohibitskateboardinginCentralPlaza.Theyclaimedthat
skateboarduserswereresponsibleforthelitterandvandalismthatwerekeepingother
visitorsfromcomingtotheplaza.Inthepasttwoyears,however,therehasonlybeena
smallincreaseinthenumberofvisitorstoCentralPlaza,andlitterandvandalismarestill
problematic.SkateboardingispermittedinMonroePark,however,andthereisnoproblem
withlitterorvandalismthere.InordertorestoreCentralPlazatoitsformerglory,then,we
recommendthatthecityliftitsprohibitiononskateboardingintheplaza."
therecommendation.
ThefollowingappearedinarecommendationfromthepresidentofAmburg'sChamberof
Commerce.
"LastOctoberthecityofBellevilleinstalledhighintensitylightinginitscentralbusiness
district,andvandalismtheredeclinedwithinamonth.ThecityofAmburghasrecentlybegun
policepatrolsonbicyclesinitsbusinessdistrict,buttherateofvandalismthereremains
constant.WeshouldinstallhighintensitylightingthroughoutAmburg,then,becausedoing
soisamoreeffectivewaytocombatcrime.Byreducingcrimeinthisway,wecanrevitalize
thedecliningneighborhoodsinourcity."
"ThepopulationonBalmerIslanddoublesduringthesummermonths.Duringthesummer,
then,thetowncouncilofBalmerIslandshoulddecreasethemaximumnumberofmoped
rentalsallowedateachoftheisland'ssixmopedandbicyclerentalcompaniesfrom50per
56/58
10/2/2015
dayto30perday.Thiswillsignificantlyreducethenumberofsummertimeaccidents
involvingmopedsandpedestrians.TheneighboringislandofTorseauactuallysawa50
percentreductioninmopedaccidentslastyearwhenTorseau'stowncouncilenforced
similarlimitsonmopedrentals.Tohelpreducemopedaccidents,therefore,weshouldalso
enforcetheselimitationsduringthesummermonths."
ArecentsalesstudyindicatesthatconsumptionofseafooddishesinBayCityrestaurants
hasincreasedby30percentduringthepastfiveyears.Yettherearenocurrentlyoperating
cityrestaurantswhosespecialtyisseafood.Moreover,themajorityoffamiliesinBayCityare
twoincomefamilies,andanationwidestudyhasshownthatsuchfamilieseatsignificantly
fewerhomecookedmealsthantheydidadecadeagobutatthesametimeexpressmore
concernabouthealthfuleating.Therefore,thenewCaptainSeafoodrestaurantthat
specializesinseafoodshouldbequitepopularandprofitable.
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeaddressedinorder
todecidewhethertheconclusionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Be
suretoexplainhowtheanswerstothequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheconclusion.
ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromtheownerofaskateshopinCentral
Plaza.
"TwoyearsagothecitycouncilvotedtoprohibitskateboardinginCentralPlaza.They
claimedthatskateboarduserswereresponsibleforlitterandvandalismthatwerekeeping
othervisitorsfromcomingtotheplaza.Inthepasttwoyears,however,therehasbeenonly
asmallincreaseinthenumberofvisitorstoCentralPlaza,andlitterandvandalismarestill
problematic.SkateboardingispermittedinMonroePark,however,andthereisnoproblem
withlitterorvandalismthere.InordertorestoreCentralPlazatoitsformerglory,then,we
recommendthatthecityliftitsprohibitiononskateboardingintheplaza."
therecommendation.
ThefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinaDilltonnewspaper.
"InanefforttobringnewjobstoDilltonandstimulatethecity'sflaggingeconomy,Dillton's
citycouncilvotedlastyeartolowerthecity'scorporatetaxrateby15percentatthesame
time,thecitybeganofferinggenerousrelocationgrantstoanycompanythatwouldmoveto
Dillton.Sincethesechangeswentintoeffect,twonewfactorieshaveopenedinDillton.
Althoughthetwofactoriesemploymorethan1,000people,theunemploymentrateinDillton
57/58
10/2/2015
remainsunchanged.Theonlyclearexplanationforthisisthatthenewfactoriesarestaffed
withoutoftownworkersratherthanDilltonresidents."
ThefollowingappearedinamemofromNewVenturesConsultingtothepresidentof
HobCo,Inc.,achainofhobbyshops.
"OurteamhascompleteditsresearchonsuitablebuildingsitesforanewHobCohobby
ShopinthecityofGrilldon.Wediscoveredthattherearecurrentlynohobbyshopsin
southeasternGrilldon.Whenourresearchersconductedapollofarearesidents,88percent
ofthosewhorespondedindicatedthattheywouldwelcometheopeningofahobbyshopin
southeasternGrilldon.Grilldonisinaregionofthenationinwhichthehobbybusinesshas
increasedby300percentduringthepastdecade.Inaddition,Grilldonhasaverylarge
populationofretirees,ademographicwithampletimetodevotetohobbies.Wetherefore
recommendthatyouchoosesoutheasternGrilldonasthesiteforyournextHobCoHobby
Shop.Wepredictthatashopinthisareawilldrawasteadystreamofenthusiasticnew
HobCocustomers."
58/58

GRE AWA Argument Topic Pool

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

GRE AWA Argument Topic Pool

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

10/2/2015

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi