CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
4. DESCRIPTION
5. COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
6. MAKING OF PCB
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sir.C.R.Reddy Polytechnic,Eluru

ABSTRACT
The project is aimed to design an AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION
SYSTEM USING HUMIDITY SENSOR through which we can automatically
monitor and control the plant irrigation.
Monitoring field conditions is the foundation of modern agricultural
management. In order to improve the efficiency of the data collection procedure, and
to improve the precision with which agricultural operations are managed, it is
necessary that we have an automated system that collects environmental data,
especially to record long-term and up-to-the-minute environmental fluctuations. This
system automatically reports environmental conditions in real-time.
In this project moisture sensor is interfaced to the ic. The sensor
continuously checking the moisture level in the soil and will be updated to the ic and
if it is less than the pre defined level then the motor will turn ON automatically.
This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal
voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Full wave bridge rectifier is used to
rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

Sir.C.R.Reddy Polytechnic,Eluru

INTRODUCTION

In present days, in the field of agriculture farmers are facing major problems in
watering their crops. Its because they dont have proper idea about the availability of
the power. Even if it is available, they need to pump water and wait until the field is
properly watered, which compels them to stop doing other activities which are also
important for them, and thus they loss their precious time and efforts. But, there is a
solution an automatic plant irrigation system not only helps farmers but also others
for watering their gardens as well.
This automatic irrigation system senses the moisture content of the soil and
automatically switches the pump when the power is on. A proper usage of irrigation
system is very important because the main reason is the shortage of land reserved
water due to lack of rain, unplanned use of water as a result large amounts of water
goes waste. For this reason, we use this automatic plant watering system, and this
system is very useful in all climatic conditions.

Sir.C.R.Reddy Polytechnic,Eluru

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Sir.C.R.Reddy Polytechnic,Eluru

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit diagram of the plant-irrigation system is shown below. To make the circuit
work and to water the pants, we use this simple logic: when the soil is dry, it has high
resistance and when the soil is wet it has low resistance. This circuit consists of two
probes that are placed into the earth. These probes perform the work only when the
soil resistance is low and they cannot perform when the resistance of the soil is
high.The power supply consists of a step-down transformer, which steps down the
voltage to 12VAC. By using a bridge rectifier this AC is converted to DC, then it is
regulated to 5v using a voltage regulator which is used for the operation of the IC.
The output of the second timer switches on the transistor that drives the relay. This
relay is connected to the input of an electrical value and the output of the electrical
value is given to the plants through the pipe.
When the relay is turned on, the valve opens and water through the pipes rushes to the
crops. When the water content in the soil increases, the soil resistance gets decreases
and the transmission of the probes gets starts to make the inverter stop the triggering
of the first timer. Finally the valve which is connected to the relay is stopped.
The advantage of using an automatic plant irrigator is that it is a simple system
capable of conserving water, improving growth, discouraging weeds, saving time, and
controlling fungal diseases and adaptable to the conditions.

Sir.C.R.Reddy Polytechnic,Eluru