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INDIAL CIVIL SERVICES : SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
The Civil Services Examination is conducted by UPSC (Union Public
Service Commission) every year.
The examination has three stages i.e.,
(1) Civil Services Preliminary Examinations (CSP) - normally conducted during th
e second half of May.
(2) Civil Services (Main) Examinations conducted during the month of October/Nov
ember. Here, those who are selected in the preliminary examination only are elig
ible to appear.
(3) Those who are selected in the main examination will be eligible to appear be
fore the Interview Board at New Delhi.
Preliminary Examination (CSP)
CSP consists of two papers i.e., (1) optional subject to be sele
cted from the listed subject for 300 marks. (2) General studies for 150 marks. T
otal of 450 marks. Each paper is of two hours duration. The course content of th
e syllabi for the optional subjects is at the degree level. Normally, there are
about 3 lakh applications for the preliminary examination. From this, the UPSC s
elects 10 to 12 folds of vacancies for the main examinations. This is only for t
he selection and not to be taken into consideration in the main ranking.
Subjects for Preliminary Examination: The General Studies syllabus is same for a
ll.
Subjects for Paper II (one subject to be selected): Agriculture, Animal Husbandr
y and Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce, Econom
ics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, Indian History, Law, Mathematic
s, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Scien
ce, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology.
(The question papers are in Hindi and English and each paper is of two hours dur
ation. The course content of the syllabi is of degree level. Each paper is of tw
o hours duration. Blind candidates are allowed an extra time of 20 minutes for e
ach paper.)
Main Examination
Only those who are declared by the Commission to have qualified
in the Preliminary Examination in a year, are eligible for the Main examination
of that year, provided they are otherwise eligible for the Main Examination.
Civil Services Main examination has two optional subjects (two p
apers each carries 300 marks), one General Studies (two papers each carries 300
marks), one essay (carries 200 marks) - total 2000 marks. Other than this, there
are two language papers one in Indian language and one in General English at th
e level of 10th standard. This is to test the ability of the candidate's profici
ency in his mother tongue / Indian language and English. Total nine papers. Thes
e two papers carry 300 marks each but it will not be considered for the ranking.
It is must to clear these two papers. If a candidate fails to clear these paper
s, his other papers will not be evaluated.
The Main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellect
ual traits and the depth of understanding of the candidates, rather than merely
the range of their information and memory. Sufficient choice of questions is all
owed in the question papers.
Optional Subjects for the Main Examination:
Optional subjects: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary
Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce and Accountancy, Economi
cs, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathem
atics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political S
cience and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology
, Statistics, Zoology. Each paper is of 3 hours duration.
Literatures:
Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Guj
arati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali,
Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.
The following combinations not allowed are:
Political Science & International Relations and Public Administration
Commerce and Management
Anthropology and Sociology
Maths and Statistics
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
Management and Public Administration
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science and Medical Science
Any two branches of engineering.
Combination of two literatures in the above list.
Interview:
At interview stage, two-fold vacancies are called to appear befo
re the UPSC Board. Interview carries 300 marks. Interview calls are sent on the
basis of minimum marks fixed by the UPSC at its discretion. The overall ranking
is done based on the Mains performance (i.e., 2000 marks) and interview. Therefo
re, the total marks involved in the ranking are 2300. Candidates are allotted va
rious services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and preferences gi
ven by them in their main application form.
Note: If a person fails in either in mains or interview, he has to appear once a
gain from the preliminary stage.
Eligibility Conditions:
(i) Nationality:
(1) For the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service, a candi
date must be a citizen of India.
(2) For other services, a candidate must be either:
(a) A citizen of India, or
(b) a subject of Nepal, or
(c) a subject of Bhutan, or
(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the i
ntention of permanently settling in India. or
(e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Srilanka, E
ast African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia,
Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling
in India.
Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be
a person in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Go
vernment of India.
Provided further that candidates belonging to categories (b), (c) and (d) above
will not be eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service.
A candidate, in whose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary, may be adm
itted to the examination but the offer of appointment may be given only after th
e necessary eligibility certificate has been issued to him by the Government of
India.
(ii) Minimum Educational Qualifications:
The candidate must hold a degree of any of Universities incorporated by an Act o
f the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions es
tablished by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University Under
Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or possess an equivale
nt qualification.
Note I: Candidates who have appeared at an examination the passing of which woul
d render them educationally qualified for the Commission's examination but have
not been informed of the results as also the candidates who intend to appear at
such a qualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to the Prelimi
nary Examination. All candidates who are declared qualified by the Commission fo
r taking the Civil Services (Main) Examination will be required to produce proof
of passing the requisite examination with their application for the Main Examin
ation failing which such candidates will not be admitted to the Main Examination
.
Note II: In exceptional cases the Union Public Service Commission may treat a ca
ndidate who has not any of the foregoing qualifications as a qualified candidate
provided that he has passed examination conducted by the other Institutions, th
e standard of which in the opinion of the Commission justifies his admission to
the examination.
Note III: Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications, which
are recognised by Government, as equivalent to professional and technical degre
e would also be eligible for admission to the examination.
Note IV: Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S. or any other
Medical Examination but have not completed their internship by the time of subm
ission of their applications for the Civil Services (Main) Examination, will be
provisionally admitted to the Examination provided they submit along with their
application a copy of certificate from the concerned authority of the University
/Institution that they had passed the requisite final professional medical exami
nation. In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce at the time of
their interview original Degree or a certificate from the concerned competent a
uthority of the University/Institution that they had completed all requirements
(including completion of internship) for the award of the Degree.
(iii) Age limit: 21 years must be completed on 1st August of the year, which a c
andidate is appearing. Maximum 30 for general category, 33 for OBCs and 35 for S
Cs/STs. Ex-servicemen will get 5 more years exemption from the prescribed age li
mit.
(The date of birth accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculati
on or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognised by an
Indian University as equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Registe
r of Matriculates maintained by a University, which extract must be certified by
the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary or an equival
ent examination certificate).
(iv) Number of Attempts: Four attempts for open, seven for OBCs and no limit for
SCs/STs. If a person appears in the Preliminary Examination or even one paper i
s counted as an attempt.
(v) Restrictions on applying for the examination:
A candidate who is appointed to the Indian Administrative Service or the Indian
Foreign Service on the results of an earlier examination and continues to be a m
ember of that service will not be eligible to compete at this examination.
How to Apply:
(a) The UPSC have developed an application form common for all their examination
s, which will be processed on computerised machines. This application form along
with an Information Brochure containing general instructions for filling up the
form, an acknowledgement card and an envelope for sending the application is obt
ainable from the designated Head Post Offices/Post Offices throughout the countr
y as against cash payment of Rs. 20/- (Rupees twenty only). Form should be purch
ased from the designated Post Offices only and not from any other agency. This f
orm can be used only once and for only one examination. Candidates must use the
form supplied with the Information Brochure only and they should in no case use
photocopy / reproduction / unauthorisedly printed copy of the Form. Since this f
orm is electronically scannable, due care should be taken to fill up the applica
tion form, correctly. While filling up the application form, please refer to det
ailed instructions given in the Notice.
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(i) Nationality
(1) For the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service, a candi
date must be a citizen of India.
(2) For other services, a candidate must be either :
(a) A citizen of India, or
(b) a subject of Nepal, or
(c) a subject of Bhutan, or
(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962 with the i
ntention of permanently settling in India. or (e) a person of Indian origin who
has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Srilanka, East African countries of Kenya, Ug
anda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietn
am with the intention of permanently settling in India. Provided that a candidat
e belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favou
r a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India. Provi
ded further that candidates belonging to categories (b), (c) and (d) above will
not be eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service. A candidate in wh
ose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary, may be admitted to the exami
nation but the offer of appointment may be given only after the necessary eligib
ility certificate has been issued to him by the Government of India.
(ii) Age Limits :
(a) A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attaine
d the age of 30 years on 1st August, 2006, i.e. he must have been born not earli
er than 2nd August, 1976 and not later than 1st August, 1985.
(b) The upper age limit prescribed above will be relaxable:
(i) upto a maximum of five years if a candidate belongs to a Scheduled Caste or
a Scheduled Tribe.
(ii) upto a maximum of three years in the case of candidates belonging to Other
Backward Classes who are eligible to avail of reservation applicable to such can
didates.
(iii) upto a maximum of five years if a candidate had ordinarily been domiciled
in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from the 1st January, 1980 to
the 31st day of December, 1989.
(iv) upto a maximum of three years in the case of Defence Services personnel dis
abled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbe
d area and released as a consequence thereof:
(v) upto a maximum of five years in the case of ex-servicemen including Commissi
oned Officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Serv
ice as on 1st August, 2006 and have been released (i) on completion of assignmen
t (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from
1st August, 2006) otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of
misconduct or inefficiency, or (ii) on account of physical disability attributab
le to Military Service, or (iii) on invalidment.
(vi) upto a maximum of five years in the case of ECOs/SSCOs who have completed a
n initial period of assignment of five years Military Service as on 1st August,
2006 and whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case
the Ministry of Defence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil emplo
yment and that they will be released on three month's notice on selection from t
he date of receipt of offer of appointment.
(vii) upto a maximum of 10 years in the case of blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedic
ally handicapped persons.
NOTE I-Candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and
the Other Backward Classes who are also covered under any other clauses of para
3(ii) (b) above, viz. those coming under the category of Ex-servicemen, persons
domiciled in the State of J & K, blind, deaf-mute and orthopadically handicappe
d etc. will be eligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both the ca
tegories.
NOTE II-The term ex-servicemen will apply to the persons who are defined as ex-s
ervicemen in the Ex-servicemen (Re-employment in Civil Services and Posts) Rules
, 1979, as amended from time to time.
Note III-The age concession under para 3(ii) (b) (v) and (vi) will not be admiss
ible to Ex-Servicemen and Commissioned Officers including ECOs/SSCOs who are rel
eased on own reguest.
NOTE IV- Notwithstanding the provision of age-relaxation under para 3(ii) (b) (v
ii) above, a physically disabled candidate will be considered to be eligible for
appointment only if he/she (after such physical examination as the Government o
r appointing authority, as the case may be, may prescribe) is found to satisfy t
he requirements of physical and medical standards for the concerned Services/pos
ts to be allocated to the physically disabled candidates by the Government.
Save as provided above the age limits prescribed can in no case be relaxed.
The date of birth accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculatio
n or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognised by an I
ndian University as equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Register
of Matriculates maintained by a University, which extract must be certified by
the proper authority of the University or in the Higher Secondary or an equivale
nt examination certificate.
These certificates are required to be submitted only at the time of applying for
the Civil Services (Main) Examination.
No other document relating to age like horoscopes, affidavits, birth extracts fr
om Municipal Corporation, service records and the like will be accepted.
The expression Matriculation/Secondary Examination Certificate in this part of t
he instruction includes the alternative certificates mentioned above.
NOTE 1:- Candidates should note that only the Date of Birth as recorded in the M
atriculation/Secondary Examination Certificate or an equivalent certificate on t
he date of submission of applications will be accepted by the Commission and no
subsequent request for its change will be considered or granted.
Note 2 :- Candidates should also note that once a Date of Birth has been claimed
by them and entered in the records of the Commission for the purpose of admissi
on to an Examination, no change will be allowed subsequently (or at any other Ex
amination of the Commission) on any grounds whatsoever.
Note 3 :- The candidate should exercise due care while entering their date of bi
rth in column 8 of the application form for the Preliminary Examination. If on v
erification at any subsequent stage, any variation is found in their date of bir
th from the one entered in their matriculation or equivalent Examination certifi
cate, disciplinary action will be taken against them by the commission under the
Rules.
(iii) Minimum Educational Qualifications :
The candidate must hold a degree of any of Universities incorporated by an Act o
f the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutions es
tablished by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University Under
Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, or possess an equivale
nt qualification.
Note I : Candidates who have appeared at an examination the passing of which wou
ld render them educationally qualified for the Commission s examination but have n
ot been informed of the results as also the candidates who intend to appear at s
uch a qualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to the Prelimin
ary Examination. All candidates who are declared qualified by the Commission for
taking the Civil Services (Main) Examination will be required to produce proof
of passing the requisite examination with their application for the Main Examina
tion failing which such candidates will not be admitted to the Main Examination.
The applications for the main examination will be called sometime in the month
of July/August, 2006.
Note II : In exceptional cases the Union Public Service Commission may treat a c
andidate who has not any of the foregoing qualifications as a qualified candidat
e provided that he has passed examination conducted by the other Institutions, t
he standard of which in the opinion of the Commission justifies his admission to
the examination.
Note III : Candidates possessing professional and technical qualifications which
are recognised by Government as equivalent to professional and technical degree
would also be eligible for admission to the examination.
Note IV : Candidates who have passed the final professional M.B.B.S. or any othe
r Medical Examination but have not completed their internship by the time of sub
mission of their applications for the Civil Services (Main) Examination, will be
provisionally admitted to the Examination provided they submit along with their
application a copy of certificate from the concerned authority of the Universit
y/Institution that they had passed the requisite final professional medical exam
ination. In such cases, the candidates will be required to produce at the time o
f their interview original Degree or a certificate from the concerned competent
authority of the University/Institution that they had completed all requirements
(including completion of internship) for the award of the Degree.
N.B. I. Communication not containing the above particulars may not be attended t
o.
N.B. II. Candidates should also note down their application form number (8 digit
) for future reference. They may be required to indicate the same in connection
with their candidature for the Civil Services (Main) Examination.
9. Physical Requirements for the Disabled Candidates:- For being considered agai
nst the vacancies reserved for them, the physically disabled persons should have
disability of Forty per cent (40%) or more. However, such candidates shall be r
equired to meet one or more of the following physical requirements/abilities whi
ch may be necessary for performing the duties in the concerned Services/Posts :
Code Physical Requirements
F 1.Work performed by manipulating (with Fingers)
PP 2. Work performed by pulling & pushing
L 3. Work performed by lifting
UPSC Exams Details : UPSC SYLLABUS AND TIPS FOR INDIAN CIVIL SERVICES
General Studies
-
General Science.
Current events of national and international importance
History of India and Indian National Movement
Indian and World Geography
Indian Polity and Economy
General Mental Ability
Agriculture
-
Agriculture, its importance in national economy. Factors determining agroecologi
cal zones and geographic distribution of crop plants
Importance of crop plants, cultural practices for cereal, pulses, oilseed, fibre
, sugar, tuber and fodder crops and scientific basis for these crop rotations, m
ultiple and relay cropping, intercropping and mixed cropping.
Soil as medium of plant growth and its composition, mineral and organic constitu
ents of the soil and their role in crop production; chemical, physical and micro
biological properties of soils. Essential plant nutrients (macro and micro) their
functions, occurrence, cycling in soils Principles of soil fertility and its eva
luation for judicious fertilizer use. Organic manures and bio-fertilizers, inorg
anic fertilizers, integrated nutrient management.
Principles of plant physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, tr
ansactions, and metabolism of nutrients.
Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and their amelioration photosynthesis and res
piration, growth and development, auxins and hormones in plant growth.
Cell and cell organelles. Cell division. Reproductive cycle, Principles of genet
ics, gene-interaction, sex determination, linkage and recombination, mutation, e
xtra chromosomal inheritance, polyploidy. Origin and domestication of crop plant
s. Genetic resources-conservation and utilization. Floralbiology in relation to
selfing and crossing.
Genetic basis of plant breeding pureline selection, mass selection, male sterili
ty and incompatibility and their use in plant breeding. Pedigree selection, back
-cross method of selection. Heterosis and its exploitation. Development of hybri
ds, composites and synthetic, Important varieties, hybrids, composites and synth
etic of major crops. Seeds and seed-production techniques.
Important fruit and vegetable crops of India, method of propagation Sexual and ase
xual. Package and practices and their scientific basis. Crop rotation, intercrop
ping, companion crops, role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition, post-ha
rvest handling and processing of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and ornament
al horticulture, commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Serious
pests and diseases affecting major crops. Principles of control of crop pests a
nd diseases, integrated management. Proper use and maintenance of plant protecti
on equipment.
Principles of economics as applied to agriculture. Farm planning and optimum res
ource use efficiency and maximising income and employment. Farm systems and their
spatial distribution, their significant roles in regional economic development.
Geography
-
Section-A
Physical Georgraphy
i) Geomorphology
Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types and cha
racteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting; Volcanoes; Earthquakes; Weathering;
Landforms caused by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions.
ii) Climatology
Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts and Wind sy
stems; Clouds and rainfall types; Cyclones and anti-cyclones; Major climatic typ
es.
iii) Oceanography
Ocean relief; Temperature; Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents, El Nino and
La Nino; Waves and tides.
iv) Biogeography
Origin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and food chain;
Environmental degradation and conservation. Section-B
Human Geography
i) Man and Environment Relationship
Growth and development of Human Geography; Concepts of Determinism and Possibili
sm.
ii) Population
Races of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population; migrat
ion; population problems of developed and developing countries.
iii) Economic Activities
Food gathering and hunting; pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Types of agr
iculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining, Power; Manufa
cturing -locational factors of textile, iron and steel, sugar and fertilizer ind
ustries; Tertiary activities-trade, transport, communication and services.
iv) Settlements
Origin, types and patterns of rural settlements; Processes of urbanisation; morp
hology and functional classification of towns; million-cities and mega-cities. S
ection-C
Geography of the World
i) Major Natural Regions : Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation.
ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries : Canada, U.S.A., Western Europe,
Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
iii) Regional Geography of Developing Countries : S.E. Asia, S.W. Asia, China, S
outhern Africa and Brazil.
iv) Regional Geography of South Asia. Section-D
Geography of India
i) Physical Setting
Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation.
ii) Economic Base
Minerals & energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources; irrigation, ag
riculture and industries; trade and commerce.
iii) Population
Growth, distribution and density; demographic characteristics.
iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning. Section-
E
Geographical Thought
i) Ancient Period : Contributions of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs.
ii) Pre-Modern Period : Contribution of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and Ritter.
iii) Modern Period : Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism; contributions of
Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.
iv) Recent Period : Quantitive Revolution; Radicalism, Behaviouralism and Humani
sm. Section-F
Techniques of Geographical Analysis
i) Maps : Scale and types, uses.
ii) Diagrams : Types and uses
iii) Projections : Types, characteristics and uses.
iv) Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) : Aerial photograph
s and imagery, GIS.
Indian History
-
Section-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India
2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and c
ulture. Contacts with other cultures.Problems of decline.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communi
ties outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases.
4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; changefrom Rigvedic to later Vedic phases. Re
ligion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organisation; evolutuion of mo
narchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jaini
sm and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; hi
s dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.
7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Satavaha
nas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sak
as, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion : S
aivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organisa
tion of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts.
Section-B
9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and politic
al structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Postition of women. Th
e Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of temples and
monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science. Alb
eruni s "India". Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequ
ences. Delhi Sultanate under the "Slave" Rulers. Alauddin Khalji : Conquests; ad
ministrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlug's innovations. Fi
ruz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urban
ization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Techn
ological changes.
13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties; Vijaya-n
agara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. The S
ur empire and administration. The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth of regional
literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures,
jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangz
eb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji.
Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl; Maharas
htra dharma. Painting. Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce with Eur
ope. Social stratification and status of women.
16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power unde
r the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture
. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.
Section-C
17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its re
sitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structure of B
ritish raj: Regulating and Pitt's India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue
settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation; Railways and
commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labour.
19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education and
modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements; growth
of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in
Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.
20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, natur
e, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness; F
ormation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its
Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growth of "Extremi
sm" and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 - the policy of Divide and R
ule; Congress-League Pact of 1916.
22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mas mobilisation- Khilafat an
d Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement; Other st
rands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose an
d the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the
Hindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, dmocratic republic the
1950 Constitution). Jawahalal Nehru's vision of a developed, socialist society.
Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign polic
y of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China, and Chinese aggression.
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Law
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I Jurisprudence
1. Nature and concept of law.
2. Schools of Jurisprudence : Analytical, Historical, Philosophical, Sociologica
l & Natural.
3. Administration of Justice : Theories of punishment.
4. Sources of Law : Custom, Precedent and Legislation.
5. A few basic Legal concepts:
(i) Rights and Duties.
(ii) Legal Personality.
(iii) Ownership and Possession.
II Constitutional Law of India
1. Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
2. Preamble.
3. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.
4. Constitutional position and powers of President and Governors.
5. Supreme Court and High Courts: Jurisdiction, powers, appointment and transfer
of Judges.
6. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions: Powers
and functions.
7. Distribution of Legislative and Administrative Powers between the Union and t
he States.
8. Emergency Provisions.
9. Amendment of the Consstitution.
III International Law :
1. Nature and definition of International Law.
2. Sources: Treaty, Custom, General Principles of Law recognised by civilised na
tions and subsidiary means of determination of law.
3. State Recognition and State Succession.
4. The United Nations, its objective, purpose and principal organs; Constitution
, role and jurisdiction of International Court of Justice.
5. Protection of Human Rights:
(i) Provisions in the UN Charter. .
(ii) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.
(iii) International Convenant of Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
(iv) International Convenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966.
IV Torts :
1. Nature and Defination of Tort.
2. Liability based on fault and strict liability.
3. Vicarious Liability including State Liability.
4. Joint Tort feasors.
5. Negligence.
6. Defamation.
7. Conspiracy
8. Nuisance.
9. False imprisonment.
10. Malicious Prosecution.
V Criminal Law :
1. General Principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus.
2. Preparation and criminal attempts
3. General Exceptions.
4. Joint and constructive liability.
5. Abetment
6. Criminal Conspiracy.
7. Sedition.
8. Murder and culpable homicide.
9. Theft, extortion, robbery and dacoity.
10. Misappropriation and Criminal Breach of Trust.
VI Law of Contract :
1. Definition of contract.
2. Basic elements of contract: Offer, acceptance, consideration, contracutal cap
acity.
3. Factors vitiating consent.
4. Void, Voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
5. Wagering agreements.
6. Contingent contracts.
7. Performance of contracts.
8. Dissolution of contractual obligations: frustration of contracts.
9. Quasi-contracts.
10. Remedies for breach of contract.
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Mathematics
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1. Algebra : Elements of Set Theory; Algebra of Real and Complex numbers includi
ng Demovire's between Coefficients and Roots, symmetric functions of roots; Elem
ents of Group Theory; Sub-Group, Cyclic groups, Permutation, Groups and their el
ementary properties.
Rings, Integral Domains and Fields and their elementary properties.
2. Vector Spaces and Matrices : Vector Space, Linear Dependence and Independence
. Sub-spaces. Basis and Dimensions, Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces. Linear Tra
nsformation of a Finite Dimensional Vector Space, Matrix Representation. Singula
r and Nonsingular Transformations. Rank and Nullity.
Matrices : Addition, Multiplication, Determinants of a Matrix, Properties of Det
erminants of order in, Inverse of a Matrix, Cramer's rule.
3. Geometry and Vectors : Analytic Geometry of straight lines and conics in Cart
esian and Polar coordinates; Three Dimensional geometry for planes, straight lin
es, sphere, cone and cylinder. Addition, Subtraction and Products of Vectors and
Simple applications to Geometry.
4. Calculus : Functions, Sequences, Series, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives.
Application of Derivatives : Rates of change, Tangents, Normals, Maxima, Minima,
Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value Theorems of Lagrange and Cauchy, Asymptotes, Curvat
ure. Methods of finding indefinite integrals, Definite Integrals, Fundamental Th
eorem of integrals Calculus. Application of definite integrals to area, Length o
f a plane curve, Volume and Surfaces of revolution.
5. Ordinary Differential Equations : Order and Degree of a Differential Equation
, First order differential Equations, Singular solution, Geometrical interpretat
ion, Second order equations with constant coefficients.
6. Mechanics : Concepts of particles-Lamina; Rigid Body; Displacements; force; M
ass; weight; Motion; Velocity; Speed; Acceleration; Parallelogram of forces; Par
allelogram of velocity, acceleration; resultant; equilibrium of coplanar forces;
Moments; Couples; Friction; Centre of mass, Gravity; Laws of motion; Motion of
a particle in a straight line; simple Harmonic Motion; Motion under conservative
forces; Motion under gravity; Projectile; Escape velocity; Motion of artificial
satellites.
7. Elements of Computer Programming : Binary system, Octal and Hexadecimal syste
ms. Conversion to and from Decimal systems. Codes, Bits, Bytes and Words. Memory
of a computer, Arithmetic and Logical operations on numbers. Precision. AND, OR
, XOR, NOT and Shit/Rotate operators, Algorithms and Flow Charts.
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Section-'A'
Problems of Philosophy
1. Substance and Attributes : Aristole, Descartes, Locke, Berkeley's criticism,
Nyaya-Viasesika, Buddhist criticism of Pudgala.
2. God, Soul and the World : Thomas Acquinas, St. Augustine, Spinoza, Descartes,
Nyaya-Vaisesika, Sankara, Ramanuja.
3. Universals : Realism and Nominalism (Plato, Aristotle, Berkeley's criticism o
f abstract ideas, Nyay-Vaisesika, Buddhism).
4. Bases of Knowledge : Pramanavada in Carvaka, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Buddhism, Advai
ta Vedanta.
5. Truth and Error : Correspondence Theory, Coherence theory, Pragmatic Theory;
Khyativada (Anyathakhyati, Akhyati, Anivacaniyakhyati).
6. Matter and Mind : Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Berkerley.
Section-B
Logic
1. Truth and Validity
2. Classification of sentences : Traditional and Modern.
3. Syllogism : Figures and Moods; Rules of Syllogism (General and special) valid
ation by Venn Diagrammes; Formal Fallacies.
4. Sentential Calculus : Symbolisation; Truth-Functions and their interdefinabil
ity; Truth Tables; Formal Proof.
Section-'C'
Ethics
1. Statement of fact and statement of value.
2. Right and Good; Teleology and Deontology.
3. Psychological Hedonism.
4. Utilitarianism (Bentham; J.S. Mill).
5. Kantian Ethics.
6. Problem of the freedom of will.
7. Moral Judgements : Descriptivism, Prescriptivism, Emotivism.
8. Niskamakarma : Sthitaprajna.
9. Jaina Ethics
10. Four Noble Truths and Eight fold path in Buddhism.
11. Gandhian Ethics : Satya, Ahimsa, Ends and Means.
Section-A
1. Political Science : Nature & scope of the discipline, relationship with allie
d disciplines like History, Economics, Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology.
2. Meaning of Politics : Approaches to the study of Politics.
3. Key Concepts : State, Soceity, Sovereignty, Power, Citizenship, Nation, Globa
l order and Imperialism.
4. Political Ideas : Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rule of Law. Civil Soce
ity Swaraj, Revolution, Democratic Participation.
5. Democracy : Meaning and Theories of Democracy, Electoral system, Forms of Rep
resentation & Participation, Political accountability.
6. Political Ideologies : liberalism, Neoliberalism, Marxism, Socialism, Fascism
, Gandhism.
7. Party System and Political Process : Therories of Party System, National and
regional parties, Political Parties in the Third World. Patterns of coalition po
litics, interest and pressure groups.
8. Forms of Government : Parliamentary and Presidential. Federal & unitary Modes
of decentralisation.
9. Bureaucracy Concept : Theories, Weber and critiques of Bureaucracy.
10. Theories of Development : Meaning and various approaches. Concept and Theori
es of underdevelopment Debates; in the Third World.
11. Social Movements : Meaning, Theories & Forms, Role of Environmental Feminist
Peasant & workers movements, Role of Non Government organisation.
12. Nationalism and Internationalism :
13. Major theories of International relations : Realist Marxist, Systems & Decis
ion making & Game theory.
14. State & the Global order : neo-Liberalism, globalisation, structural adjustm
ent, regional economic integration, Nature and Impact of globalisation.
Section-B
Indian Government and politics
1. Approaches to the study of Governments : Comparative historical, legal instit
utional, political economy and political sociology, approaches.
2. Classification of Political systems : Democratic and Authoritarian, character
istics of Political systems in the third world.
3. Typologies of constitutions; Basic features of these constitutions & governme
nts : including U.K., USA. France, Germany, China, and South Africa.
4. Constitutional development : in India during British Rule-A historical perspe
ctive.
5. Constituent Assembly : philosophical and socio-economic dimensions. Salient f
eatures of the Indian Constitution.
6. Nature of Indian federalism : Centre-state relations, legislative, administra
tive, financial and political; politics of regional move and National Integratio
n.
7. Fundamental Rights : Constitutional provisions and political dynamics. Judici
al Interpretations and socio political realities; Fundamental Duties.
8. The Union Executive : President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers,
Constitutional provisions & framework and political trends.
9. Parliament : Powers and functions of the Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha; Parliamenta
ry Committees; Functioning of the Parliamentary system in India.
10. The Judiciary : The Supreme Court , Judicial Review Judicial Activism, Publi
c Intrest Litigation; Judicial Reforms.
11. The State Executive : Governor, Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers;
Constitutional Provisions and Political trends.
12. Indian Party System : Evolution and Contemporay trends; coalition government
at the Centre and States, pressure groups in Indian politics.
13. The interaction of Government & Scientific & Technology business : Previous
and now their inter relationship and changing roles in Society, Elites, Role of
Pressure groups class and voluntary associations in society.
14. Local Government & Politics : Panchayti Raj and Municipal Government, struct
ure power & functions. Political realities, significance of 73rd and 74th Amende
ments, role of women in Panchayats.
15. Bureaucracy and Development : Post-colonial India; its changing role in the
context of liberatis after, bureauratic Accountability.
16. Challenges to Indian Democracy :
a) Communalism Regionalism violence, criminalisation and corruption.
b) Regional disparities, environmental degradation, illiteracy, Mass Poverty, Po
pulation, growth, caste oppressions and socio economic inequalities among backwa
rd classes.
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Psychology
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1. Introduction to psychology :
Concept and definition of psychology. Nature and Scope. Branches of psychology.
Application of psychology to soceity and social problems.
2. Methods in Psychology :
Characteristics of psychological studies, Observation. Survey method, Clinical a
nd case study method. Experimental method. Application of the method.
3. Quantitive Analysis :
Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Correlation. Levels of measurement.
Reliability and validity. Application in test construction.
4. Physiological Psychology :
Structure of neuron, nerve impulses, synapse and neurotransmitters. Central and
peripheral nervous system-structure and neural control of behaviour. Hemispheric
specialisation. Endocrine system and hormonal control of behaviour. Application
of hemispheric knowledge to diagnostic purposes.
5. Development of human behaviour :
Individual Differences : Heredity and environment. Life span developent. Role of
early experience and mastering of developmental tasks. Sensitive or critical pe
riods of development in human life cycle and its application.
6. Perception :
Preceptual process. Perceputal organsiation. Perception of form, colour, depth a
nd time. Perceptual readiness and constancy. Role of motivation, social and cult
ural factors in perception. Application of knowledge of perception to skill deve
lopment (e.g. for certain jobs like that of driving, airline pilots etc.)
7. Learning :
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Modeling and observational lear
ning. Transfer of training. Learing and motivation. Application of the above to
the improvement of academic performance in education.
8. Memory :
Physiological basis of memory. Memory and forgetting. Measurement of memory (Rec
all, Recognition, Relearning). Short term and long term memory. Theories of forg
etting (Decay and Interference theories and Repressive forgetting). Application
of Mnemonic devices etc, to improving memory.
9. Cognition and Language :
Concept of formation. Nature and development of thinking. Language and thought a
nd acquisition of language. Problem solving. Creative thinking and its applicati
ons.
10. Intelligence and Aptitude :
Definition and concept. Theories and models of Intelligence. Measurement of inte
lligence and aptitude. Exceptional intelligence. Mental retardation. Concepts of
multiple, emotional and artificial intelligence and their application.
11. Motivation and Emotion :
Definition and concept of instinct, needs, drives and motives. Theories of motiv
ation and their application (drive reduction theory, Maslow's motivational hiera
rchy). Social motivation: Achievement, power, affiliation motives and influence
of early experiences. Physiological basis of emotion. Theories of emotion (James
-Lange and Cannon-Brad theories, cognitive physiological theory).
12. Personality :
Concepts and Definition of personality. Sutdy of personality (Trait, type and ec
lectic approaches) Development of personality (Freud, Erikson, Biological and so
cio-cultural determinants). Measurement of Personality (Projective tests, pencil
-paper tests). Application of personality profiles in fitting a person to a job.
Public Administration
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1. Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance. Evolution and status of the d
iscipline. Comparative Public Administration and Development Administration. Pub
lic and Private Administration: State versus market debate. New Pubic Administra
tion. New Public Management perspective.
2. Basic concepts and principles : Organisation, hierarchy, Unity of command, Sp
an of control, Authority and Responsibility, Co-ordination, Centralization and D
ecentralization, Delegation, Supervision, Line and Staff.
3. Theories of Administration : Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific
Managment Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others) Bureau
cratic Theory (Weber and his critics). Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and CI B arn
ard; Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others). Behavioral Approach, System
s approach.
4. Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to H Simon,
communication and control, leadership theories. Theories of motivation (Maslow
and Herzberg)
5. Accountability and Control : The concepts of Accountability and control : Leg
islative, executive and judicial control. Citizen and Administration: Role of ci
vil society, people's participation and Right to Information.
6. Administrative Systems : Comparative administrative features of USA, Great Br
itain, France and Japan.
7. Personnel Administration : Role of Civil Service in developing societies; pos
ition classification, Recuritment, Training, Promotion, Pay and Service conditio
ns. Relations with the Political Executive; Administrative Ethics.
8. Financial Administration : Budget: Concepts and forms. Formulation and execut
ion of budget, deficit financing public debt, Accounts and Audit.
9. Union Government and Administration in India. British legacy : Constitutional
context of Indian Administration; The President, Prime Minister and the Council
of Ministers; Central Secretariat; Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Minister's Office
, Planning Commission; Finance Commission; Election Commission; Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India. Public enterprises: Patterns, role performance and imp
act of liberalization.
10. Civil Services in India : Recruitment to All India and Central Services. Uni
on Public Service Commission; Training of Civil Servants. Generalists and Specia
lists. Minister-Civil Servant relationship.
11. State and District Administration : Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat, C
hief Secretary, Directorates, District Collector: changing role.
12. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government: Main features,
structures, finances and problem areas. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendement
s.