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An A-Z Index of the Bash command line for Linux.

alias
apropos
apt-get
aptitude
aspell
awk

Create an alias
Search Help manual pages (man -k)
Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
Spell Checker
Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index

basename
bash
bc
bg
break
builtin
bzip2

Strip directory and suffix from filenames

GNU Bourne-Again SHell
Arbitrary precision calculator language
Send to background
Exit from a loop
Run a shell builtin
Compress or decompress named file(s)

cal
case
cat
cd
cfdisk
chgrp
chmod
chown
chroot

Display a calendar
Conditionally perform a command
Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
Change Directory
Partition table manipulator for Linux
Change group ownership
Change access permissions
Change file owner and group
Run a command with a different root directory

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chkconfig System services (runlevel)

cksum
Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear
Clear terminal screen
cmp
Compare two files
comm
Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp
Copy one or more files to another location
cron
Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit
Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut
Divide a file into several parts
d
date
Display or change the date & time
dc
Desk Calculator
dd
Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue Data recovery tool
declare Declare variables and give them attributes
df
Display free disk space
diff
Display the differences between two files
diff3
Show differences among three files
dig
DNS lookup
dir
Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs
Display list of remembered directories
dmesg
Print kernel & driver messages
du
Estimate file space usage
e
echo

Display message on screen

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echo
egrep
eject
enable
env
ethtool
eval
exec
exit
expect
expand
export
expr

Display message on screen

Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
Eject removable media
Enable and disable builtin shell commands
Environment variables
Ethernet card settings
Evaluate several commands/arguments
Execute a command
Exit the shell
Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
Convert tabs to spaces
Set an environment variable
Evaluate expressions

false
fdformat
fdisk
fg
fgrep
file
find
fmt
fold
for
format
free
fsck
ftp
function
fuser

Do nothing, unsuccessfully
Low-level format a floppy disk
Partition table manipulator for Linux
Send job to foreground
Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
Determine file type
Search for files that meet a desired criteria
Reformat paragraph text
Wrap text to fit a specified width.
Expand words, and execute commands
Format disks or tapes
Display memory usage
File system consistency check and repair
File Transfer Protocol
Define Function Macros
Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file

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g
gawk
getopts
grep
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
groups
gzip

Find and Replace text within file(s)

Parse positional parameters
Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
Add a user security group
Delete a group
Modify a group
Print group names a user is in
Compress or decompress named file(s)

hash
head
help
history
hostname

Remember the full pathname of a name argument

Output the first part of file(s)
Display help for a built-in command
Command History
Print or set system name

iconv
id
if
ifconfig
ifdown
ifup
import
install

Convert the character set of a file

Print user and group id's
Conditionally perform a command
Configure a network interface
Stop a network interface
Start a network interface up
Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
Copy files and set attributes

jobs
join

List active jobs

Join lines on a common field

kill
killall

Kill a process by specifying its PID

Kill processes by name

j
k

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killall

Kill processes by name

less
let
link
ln
local
locate
logname
logout
look
lpc
lpr
lprint
lprintd
lprintq
lprm
ls
lsof

Display output one screen at a time

Perform arithmetic on shell variables
Create a link to a file
Create a symbolic link to a file
Create variables
Find files
Print current login name
Exit a login shell
Display lines beginning with a given string
Line printer control program
Off line print
Print a file
Abort a print job
List the print queue
Remove jobs from the print queue
List information about file(s)
List open files

make
man
mkdir
mkfifo
mkisofs
mknod
more
most
mount
mtools

Recompile a group of programs

Help manual
Create new folder(s)
Make FIFOs (named pipes)
Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
Make block or character special files
Display output one screen at a time
Browse or page through a text file
Mount a file system
Manipulate MS-DOS files

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mtr
mv
mmv

Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)

Move or rename files or directories
Mass Move and rename (files)

n
netstat Networking information
nice
Set the priority of a command or job
nl
Number lines and write files
nohup
Run a command immune to hangups
notify-send Send desktop notifications
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
o
open
op

Open a file in its default application

Operator access

passwd
paste
pathchk
ping
pkill
popd
pr
printcap
printenv
printf
ps
pushd
pv
pwd

Modify a user password

Merge lines of files
Check file name portability
Test a network connection
Kill processes by a full or partial name.
Restore the previous value of the current directory
Prepare files for printing
Printer capability database
Print environment variables
Format and print data
Process status
Save and then change the current directory
Monitor the progress of data through a pipe
Print Working Directory

quota

Display disk usage and limits

q
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quota
Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas
r
ram
ram disk device
rar
Archive files with compression
rcp
Copy files between two machines
read
Read a line from standard input
readarray Read from stdin into an array variable
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
reboot
Reboot the system
rename
Rename files
renice
Alter priority of running processes
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return
Exit a shell function
rev
Reverse lines of a file
rm
Remove files
rmdir
Remove folder(s)
rsync
Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
screen
scp
sdiff
sed
select
seq
set
sftp
shift
shopt

Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh

Secure copy (remote file copy)
Merge two files interactively
Stream Editor
Accept keyboard input
Print numeric sequences
Manipulate shell variables and functions
Secure File Transfer Program
Shift positional parameters
Shell Options

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shutdown
sleep
slocate
sort
source
split
ssh
stat
strace
su
sudo
sum
suspend
sync

Shutdown or restart linux

Delay for a specified time
Find files
Sort text files
Run commands from a file '.'
Split a file into fixed-size pieces
Secure Shell client (remote login program)
Display file or file system status
Trace system calls and signals
Substitute user identity
Execute a command as another user
Print a checksum for a file
Suspend execution of this shell
Synchronize data on disk with memory

t
tail
Output the last part of file
tar
Store, list or extract files in an archive
tee
Redirect output to multiple files
test
Evaluate a conditional expression
time
Measure Program running time
timeout Run a command with a time limit
times
User and system times
touch
Change file timestamps
top
List processes running on the system
tput
Set terminal-dependent capabilities, color, position
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap
Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true
Do nothing, successfully
tsort
Topological sort
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tsort
tty
type

Topological sort
Print filename of terminal on stdin
Describe a command

ulimit
umask
umount
unalias
uname
unexpand
uniq
units
unrar
unset
unshar
until
uptime
useradd
userdel
usermod
users
uuencode
uudecode

Limit user resources

Users file creation mask
Unmount a device
Remove an alias
Print system information
Convert spaces to tabs
Uniquify files
Convert units from one scale to another
Extract files from a rar archive
Remove variable or function names
Unpack shell archive scripts
Execute commands (until error)
Show uptime
Create new user account
Delete a user account
Modify user account
List users currently logged in
Encode a binary file
Decode a file created by uuencode

v
vdir
vi
vmstat

Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')

Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
Text Editor
Report virtual memory statistics

wait

Wait for a process to complete

w
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watch
wc
whereis
which
while
who
whoami
wget
write

Execute/display a program periodically

Print byte, word, and line counts
Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
Search the user's $path for a program file
Execute commands
Print all usernames currently logged in
Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
Send a message to another user

xargs
xdg-open
yes
zip
.
!!
###

Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)

Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
Print a string until interrupted
Package and compress (archive) files.
Run a command script in the current shell
Run the last command again
Comment / Remark

Commands marked are bash built-ins

Many commands particularly the Core Utils are also available under alternate shells (C shell, Korn shell etc).
More bash commands: Linux Command Directory from O'Reilly, GNU CoreUtils.
SS64 bash discussion forum
Links to other Sites, books etc
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