2

A bowl of crushed ice was taken out of a freezer, and left on a laboratory
bench to thaw. Its temperature was taken every 5 minutes for 1 hour. The
temperature of the laboratory was 20C.
The results are shown in the table below.
Time
(min)
Temp
. (C)
(a)

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

-10

-5

-1

14

18

19

20

20

On the graph paper provided, draw a line graph to show these results.
[5]

(b)

What was the temperature inside the freezer?

[1]

(c)

What was happening to the ice between 15 and 25 min after being
taken out of the freezer?
[1]

(d)

Why did the temperature not change between these times?

[1]

(e)

Was ice pure or did it contain impurities? Explain your answer.

...
[2]

(f)

Would you expect the temperature of the water to continue rising

above 20C? Explain your answer.

...
[2]

(g)

A sample of benzene that had been cooled was put into a tube and
heated in a water bath. Its temperature was taken every 5 minutes for
an hour. The results are shown below.

Time
(min)
Temp
. (C)

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

13

28

45

60

73

78

80

80

80

80

i.

Plot these results as a line graph. [5]

ii.

What are the melting and boiling points of benzene.

[1]

The following shows the procedure of determining the melting point of a

solild.
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure below.
2. Draw a results chart, so that you can fill in your
readings from instruction 4.
3. Heat the water until the solid melts.
4. Take the tube, containing the melted substance,
out of the beaker of hot water. Put it into a clamp
on a retort stand. Record its temperature every
30s. Do this until the substance has completely
solidified.
5. Plot a cooling curve for the substance. Put time on
the horizontal axis, and temperature on the
vertical aixs.

You

found

that in

the first
minute,

the temperature was 28C and the temperature increased steadily 1C every
30 seconds and then as it melted an hour later, it maintained a constant
temperature. The observed readings are recorded in the table on the next
page:

4
Time

(min)
Temp

10

15

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

(C)
When the sample was cooled, it lost heat at a rate of 2.5C per minute for
another hour. The observed readings are recorded in the table below:
Time

(min)
Temp

10

15

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

(C)
(a)

Fill up the readings in the tables for the heating and cooling of the
substance. [5]

(b)

Why do you think a water bath was used to heat the substance?
[1]

(c)

This substance has a melting point below 100C. Would this method
work for a solid with a melting point higher than this? How could you
adapt the apparatus to make it suitable for a solid with a higher
melting point?

...
[2]

(d)

Why was the tube supported in a clamp as it cooled, and not left in the
beaker of water?
[1]

(e)

What is the melting point of this substance?

[1]

(f)

The melting point of the substance is actually lower than what you
observed in the experiment. Was your sample pure? Why?

...
[2]

(g)

Why is this experiment not accurate? Suggest some ways in which it

could be made more accurate?
[1]

Lead and tin can be mixed together to form solder. The chart shows the
melting points of alloys of different proportions of tin and lead.

(a)

Plot a line graph to show this data. Put percentage of tin on the
horizontal axis, and melting point on the vertical axis. [5]

(b)

Which has the lowest melting point tin or lead?

[1]

(c)

What percentages of lead and tin would you mix to get an alloy with
the lowest possible melting point? What would this melting point be?
[1]

(d)

Why is an alloy of tin and lead used for solder, rather than pure tin or
pure lead?
[1]

(e)

Below what temperature would an alloy containing equal quantities of

tin and lead be solid?
[1]