MTTCQ

CHNG 1: PHNG PHP PHN TCH KHI

LNG V PHN TCH TH TCH
Cu 1: Cho 25ml dung dch AgNO3 0.1248N vo 20ml dung dch
NaCl. Chun lng AgNO3 d thy tiu tn ht 11.54 ml dung dch
KCNS 0.0875 N. Tnh nng ca dung dch NaCl.
Cu 2: Ha tan 35g mu c cha st, sau em kt ta hon ton
bng dung dch NaOH d. Lc, ra kt ta, sau em sy kh ri nung
nhit 8000C n khi lng khng i, thu c 0.5g cht rn. Hy
gii thch (vit phng trnh phn ng) v tnh phn trm st c trong
mu em phn tch.
Cu 3: un si 1.000g mt mu mui amoni th vi lng d
NaOH. Ton b kh NH3 bay ra uc hp th ht trong 50.00 ml dung
dch H2SO4 0.500 N. Chun acid cn tha ht 15.68 ml NaOH 0.050
N. Tnh hm lng % NH3 c trong mui amoni.
Cu 4: xc nh hm lng photpho trong qung st, ngi ta
ly 1.5860g mu, em phn hy, chuyn thnh dung dch ri kt ta
photpho di dng kt ta (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 (M = 1976.4), em sy
kt ta ny v cn c 0.4386g. kim tra li kt qu phn tch,
ngi ta ly kt ta sy, em nung chuyn thnh P2O5.25MoO3 (M

MTTCQ
= 3596.5) v cn c 0.4173g. Tnh hm lng photpho trong qung
theo hai ln cn sau khi sy v sau khi nung kt ta.
Cu 5: xc nh silic di dng SiO2 trong mt mu silicat,
ngi ta tin hnh nh sau: cn 0.4870g mu, ha tan trong acid v tch
silic ra di dng acid silicsic, cho kt ta vo chn platin nung n
trng lng khng i, em cn c 9.5271g. V trong oxid thu c
cn c ln nhiu oxid kim loi khc, nn xc nh chnh xc hn,
ngi ta em lng oxid thu c ch ha bng hn hp hai acid
H2SO4 v HF trong chn platin ton b lng SiO2 chuyn thnh SiF4
bay hi i, trong chn ch cn li cc oxid khc. Sau khi nung chn n
trng lng khng i, cn c 9.2210g. Tnh hm lng SiO2 trong
mu phn tch.
Cu 6: xc nh MgO trong xi mng, ngi ta cn 1,8610 g
mu em phn hy thnh dung dch, tch canxi v ch ha thu c
250 ml dung dch. Ly 100 ml dung dch ny em kt ta ion Mg2+ di
dng MgNH4PO4. Sau khi lc, ra v nung kt ta n khi lng khng
i th thu c 0,2516 g Mg2P2O7. Tnh hm lng % MgO trong mu.
Cu 7: Mt mu qung oxit st nng 0,5000 g c lm kt ta
di dng Fe(OH)3 v nung thnh oxit st ba vi khi lng thu c l
0,4980 g. Tnh hm lng st di dng %Fe v %Fe3O4?

MTTCQ
Cu 8: 0.8325g mt hp kim Cu + Sn + Zn. Phn tch bng
phng php khi lng thu c 0.6728g CuSCN v 0.0423g SnO2.
Xc nh hm lng cc thnh phn trong hp kim.
Cu 9: xc nh nng dung dch NaOH ngi ta ha tan
1.26g H2C2O4.2H2O vo nc v thm nc cho 500ml dung dch.
Chun 25ml dung dch axit oxalic trn ht 12.58ml NaOH. Tnh nng
N ca dung dch NaOH.
Cu 10: Ha tan 1.245g mu c cha st, sau em kt ta hon
ton bng dung dch NaOH d. Lc, ra kt ta, sau em sy kh ri
nung nhit 8000C n khi lng khng i, thu c 0.3412g.
Hy gii thch (vit phng trnh phn ng) v tnh phn trm st c
trong mu em phn tch.
Cu 11: nh lng photpho trong mt mu t, ngi ta cn
0.500 g mu ch ha bng cc iu kin thch hp chuyn thnh dung
dch, sau kt ta photpho di dng MgNH4PO4. Nung ta 6000C
n khi lng khng i thu c 0.1175 g cht rn. Tnh hm lng
phn trm photpho trong mu t di dng P v P2O5. Vit phng
trnh nung kt ta.
Cu 12: xc nh niken trong mt loi thp, ngi ta ly
1.086g mu ha tan hon ton v ch ha n; em kt ta niken di

MTTCQ
dng niken dimetylgloximat (NiC8H14O4N4); lc, ra v sy kt ta ri
cn c 0.2136 g. Tnh hm lng phn trm niken c trong mu thp.
Cu 13: Cn 3.0360g mu KCl pha thnh 500.0ml dung dch mu.
Ly 25.00ml dung dch ny thm vo 50.00ml dd AgNO3 0.0847N.
Lng AgNO3 tha c chun bng 20.68ml dd NH4SCN 0.108N.
Tnh hm lng phn trm KCl c trong mu.
Cu 14: Mt mu vi cn nng 1.2300g c ha tan trong
axit. Lc b kt ta, dung dch nc lc cho tc dng vi NH4OH. Kt
ta thu c em nung n khi lng khng i. Khi lng cc oxit
kim loi ha tr 3 thu c l 0.0584g. Nhm c c lp ring v dng
cn thu c l Al2O3 nng 0.0232g. Tnh %Fe v % Al trong mu.

MTTCQ
CHNG 2. CN BNG ACID BAZ
Cu 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M, bit rng hng
s phn ly ca axt ny l Ka = 10-4,75.
Cu 2: Tnh pH ca dung dch NH4OH 1 M bit Kb= 1,76.10-5.
Cu 3: Tnh gi tr pH ca dung dch m gm NH4OH 0,05 M v
NH4Cl 0,05 M. Cho bit KNH4OH = Kb = 1,76.10-5.
Cu 4: Cho 500ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M. Ngi ta thm t
t dung dch NaOH 0,1 N vo 500ml dung dch trn. Tnh pH cc thi
im sau:
a. 100ml NaOH 0,1N

b. 300ml NaOH 0,1N

c. 500ml NaOH 0,1N

d. 600ml NaOH 0,1N

Cu 5: Tnh pH ca dung dch NaCN 0,010 M. Cho pKa,HCN =

9,35.
Cu 6: Tnh pH ca dung dch NH4Cl 0,10 M. Cho

pK NH3 = 4,75.

Cu 7: Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi thm 0,102g

CH3COONa vo 100ml dung dch 0,0375M CH3COOH. Bit pKCH3COOH
= 4,75.
Cu 8: Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi trn ln:
a. 50ml 0,1M KH2PO4 v 25ml 0,2M K2HPO4. Bit H3PO4 c pK1
= 2,16; pK2 = 7,13; pK3 = 12,3.
b. 30ml 0,1M Na2CO3 v 15ml 0,1M NaHCO3. Bit H2CO3 c
pK1 = 6,35; pK2 = 10,33.

MTTCQ
Cu 9: Phi thm vo 100ml dung dch HCOOH 0,2M bao nhiu
gam natri foocmat rn HCOONa c dung dch m vi pH = 4,3. Bit
pKHCOOH = 3,77.
Cu 10: Cn bao nhiu gam CH3COONa ha tan trong 50ml dung
dch CH3COOH 0,04M c pH = 5,43.
Cu 11: Tnh pH dung dch HNO2 0,120 M, Ka = 7,1.10-4
4

Cu 12: Tnh pH dung dch HF 2,0.10 M. Ka = 6,7.10 .

Cu 13: Tnh [H+], [OH-], pH ca dung dch Na2S 0,100M.
Cu 14: Tnh pH ca dung dch NaHCO3 1,00M. (H2CO3 c pKa1
= 6,35, pKa2 = 10,33).
Cu 15: Tnh pH ca dung dch NaHSO3 1,00.10-3M (H2SO3 c
pKa1 = 1,76, pKa2 = 7,21).
Cu 16: Xc nh nng ca dd CH3COOH phi c trong dung
dch sao cho pH = 3.

MTTCQ
CHNG 3. PHC CHT TRONG DUNG
DCH
Cu 1: Hng s bn tng cng ca cc phc to bi ion Hg2+ v
ion Br- ln lt l: 1,1 = 109,05, 1,2 = 1017,33, 1,3 = 1019,74, 1,4 = 1021,05.
Tnh cc hng s bn v khng bn tng nc ca cc phc .
Cu 2: Tnh nng cn bng ca cc ion v phn t trong dung
dch Cd(ClO4)2 10-3 M + KI 1 M. Trong dung dch c HClO4 Cd2+
khng to c phc vi OH- m ch to phc vi I-. Cc phc c hng
s bn tng cng ln lt l: 102,88, 103,92, 105,00, 106,10.
Cu 3: Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc MgY2- trong dung
dch c cc pH sau:
a) 4,0;

b) 8,0;

c) 10,0.

Bit logarit hng s bn ca phc gia Mg2+ v Y4- l 8,9, phc

ca Mg2+ v OH- l 2,58. H4Y c pK1 = 2, pK2 = 2,67, pK3 = 6,16 v
pK4 = 10,26.
Cu 4: Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc FeY- trong dung dch
c pH = 1 v pH = 3,0. Ti cc pH , Fe3+ thc t khng to phc ph
(vi OH-). FeY- c = 1025,1.
Cu 5: Ion st (III) to phc vi ion xianua CN- vi s phi tr cc
i l 6. Hy vit cc cn bng to phc khi thm dn dung dch KCN
vo dung dch Fe3+. Hy vit cc biu thc biu din hng s bn tng
nc hoc tng cng ca cc phc .

MTTCQ
Cu 6: Phc ca Ca2+ v Fe3+ vi Y4- (k hiu ca anion etylen
diamin tetraacetat, anion ca axit H4Y: EDTA) c cc hng s khng
bn ln lt l:

KCaY 2 1010,57 ; K FeY 1025,1.

Trong hai phc , phc no

bn hn.
Cu 7: Tnh nng cn bng ca ion v phn t trong dung dch
HgCl2 10-2 M. Phc ca Hg2+ v Cl- c logarit hng s bn tng cng ln
lt l: 6,74 v 13,22.
Cu 8: Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc AlY- trong dung dch
c pH = 1 v pH = 3,0. Ti cc pH , Al3+ thc t khng to phc ph
(vi OH-). AlY- c = 1016,13.
Cu 9: Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc NiY2- trong dung dch
m NH3 1M + NH4Cl l,78M. Bit rng trong iu kin nng ban
u ca ion Ni2+ khng ng k so vi nng NH3. Phc ca Ni2+ vi
EDTA c hng s bn = 1018,62. Phc ca Ni2+ vi NH3 c cc hng s
bn tng cng ln lt l 102,67; 104,80; 106,46; 107,50 v 108,1. pk ca H4Y
cho trong cc phn trn.
Cu 10: Fe3+ to vi SCN- thnh phc [Fe(SCN-)x](3-x)+ vi x c
gi tr t 1 6. Gi tr hng s bn ca cc phc [Fe(SCN-)x](3-x)+ ln
lt nh sau: 1,1 = 103,03; 1,2 = 104,33; 1,3 = 104,63; 1,4 = 104,53; 1,5 =
104,23; 1,6 = 103,23; Xc nh nng ca phc to thnh v nng
Fe3+ cn li trong dung dch khi thm SCN- vo dung dch cha [Fe3+]0
= 0,001M vi:

MTTCQ
a) [SCN-] = 1M;

b) [SCN-] = 0,1M;

c) [SCN-]

= 0,01M;
Gi s trong iu kin ang xt, trong dung dch ch xy ra
cc phn ng gia Fe3+ v SCN-.
Cu 11: Xc nh nng ca cc thnh phn trng thi cn
bng ca dd H2C2O4 0,1M; bit pH ca dd ny l 1,28. Cho ka1 = 10-1,25,
ka2 = 10-4,27.
Cu 12: Dng phi t L l 1,10 phenanthroline to phc vi
Fe2+. Phc to thnh cc dng FeL, FeL2 v FeL3 vi 1,1 = 105,9; 1,1 =
1011,1; 1,1 = 1021,3; Hy xc nh nng ca cc phc to thnh v
nng Fe2+ cn li trong dd, nu nng Fe2+ ban u l 0,001M v
nng L cn bng l 0,1M.
Cu 13: Tnh nng cn bng ca cc dng phc trong dung
dch AgNO3 v NH3 bit [Ag+] = 1,0.10-6M, [NH3] = 0,10M; Cho hng
s bn ca phc gia Ag+ v NH3 l 1,1 = 103,32, 1,1 = 107,24.

MTTCQ
Bi tp chng 1 ny c 2 hng gii:
1.

Hng gii hon ton theo cch ph thng.

2.

Hng gii hon ton theo cch i hc cao

ng.
Bi gii ch mang kt qu tng i mong bn c b
xung thm
Chng 2: Mnh Gii xong v ng ln ri v link
chng 2 nu cc bn no qun.
http://123doc.vn/document/598467-bai-tap-hoa-phan-tich.htm

Chng 3: Cng vy mnh gii ri v link y

http://123doc.vn/document/649865-bai-tap-hoa-phan-tich.htm

trong chng 3 no c phn bi tp tng hp tt c cc

chng lun nha
V y l cc bi th nghim ha l c kt qu v phn
tnh ton chi tit
http://123doc.vn/document/732666-bai-thi-nghiem-hoa-ly.htm
http://123doc.vn/document/754936-bai-thi-nghiem-hoa-ly.htm
http://123doc.vn/document/780619-thi-nghiem-hoa-ly-bai-5-va-6.htm

MTTCQ
BI LM:
Hng1: Hon ton theo cch ph thng.
Cu 1:
Ta c cc phng trnh:

T l:

T l:

Cu 2:
Cc phng trnh:

MTTCQ
Vy cht l

Theo nh lut bo ton s mol nguyn t ta c:

Cu 3:
Ta c phng trnh:

T l:

T l:

Cu 4:
Ta c:

MTTCQ
Vy %P trong qung sau khi sy l:

Vy %P trong qung sau khi nung l:

Cu 5:
Hm lng

c xc nh:

Cu 6:
Ta c phng trnh phn hy:

T l:

y l s

c trong 100ml dung dch mu th. Vy s

250ml mu th:

c trong

MTTCQ
Cu 7:
Phng trnh ha hc:

Oxit st thu c l
Ta c:

Cu 8:
Ta c:

MTTCQ

Cu 9:
Phng trnh phn ng:

T l:

Nng

sau khi pha 500ml nc:

c trong 25ml:

Cu 10:

MTTCQ
Phng trnh ha hc:

Cu 11:
Phng trnh ha hc:

T l:
Cht rn l

1
:

MTTCQ
Cu 12:
Ta c:

Cu 13:
Phng trnh ha hc:

T l:

T l:

Ta c:

y l s

c trong 25ml dung dch mu th. Vy s

500ml mu th (hay trong 3.036g mu

Cu 14:

):

c trong

MTTCQ
Ta c:

MTTCQ
Hng2: Xin nhng bn c:

MTTCQ
CHNG 3. PHC CHT TRONG DUNG DCH
Cu 1. Hng s bn tng cng ca cc phc to bi ion Hg 2+ v ion Br- ln lt l:
1,1 = 109,05, 1,2 = 1017,33, 1,3 = 1019,74, 1,4 = 1021,05. Tnh cc hng s bn v khng
bn tng nc ca cc phc .
Cu 2. Tnh nng cn bng ca cc ion v phn t trong dung dch Cd(ClO4)2 103
M + KI 1 M. Trong dung dch c HClO4 Cd2+ khng to c phc vi OHm ch to phc vi I-. Cc phc c hng s bn tng cng ln lt l: 102,88, 103,92,
105,00, 106,10.
Cu 3. Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc MgY2- trong dung dch c cc pH sau:
a) 4,0;
b) 8,0;
c) 10,0.
Bit logarit hng s bn ca phc gia Mg2+ v Y4- l 8,9, phc ca Mg2+ v
OH- l 2,58. H4Y c pK1 = 2, pK2 = 2,67, pK3 = 6,16 v pK4 = 10,26.
Cu 4. Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc FeY- trong dung dch c pH = 1 v pH
= 3,0. Ti cc pH , Fe3+ thc t khng to phc ph (vi OH-). FeY- c = 1025,1.
Cu 5. Ion st (III) to phc vi ion xianua CN- vi s phi tr cc i l 6. Hy
vit cc cn bng to phc khi thm dn dung dch KCN vo dung dch Fe 3+. Hy
vit cc biu thc biu din hng s bn tng nc hoc tng cng ca cc phc .
Cu 6. Phc ca Ca2+ v Fe3+ vi Y4- (k hiu ca anion etylen diamin tetraacetat,
anion ca axit H4Y: EDTA) c cc hng s khng bn ln lt l:
K CaY = 1010,57 ; K FeY = 1025,1. Trong hai phc , phc no bn hn.
Cu 7. Tnh nng cn bng ca ion v phn t trong dung dch HgCl2 10-2 M.
Phc ca Hg2+ v Cl- c logarit hng s bn tng cng ln lt l: 6,74 v 13,22.
Cu 8. Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc AlY- trong dung dch c pH = 1 v pH
= 3,0. Ti cc pH , Al3+ thc t khng to phc ph (vi OH-). AlY- c = 1016,13.
Cu 9. Tnh hng s bn iu kin ca phc NiY2- trong dung dch m NH3 1M +
NH4Cl l,78M. Bit rng trong iu kin nng ban u ca ion Ni 2+ khng
ng k so vi nng NH3. Phc ca Ni2+ vi EDTA c hng s bn = 1018,62.
Phc ca Ni2+ vi NH3 c cc hng s bn tng cng ln lt l 10 2,67; 104,80; 106,46;
107,50 v 108,1. pk ca H4Y cho trong cc phn trn.
Cu 10. Fe3+ to vi SCN- thnh phc [Fe(SCN-)x](3-x)+ vi x c gi tr t 1 6. Gi
tr hng s bn ca cc phc [Fe(SCN-)x](3-x)+ ln lt nh sau: 1,1 = 103,03; 1,2 =
104,33; 1,3 = 104,63; 1,4 = 104,53; 1,5 = 104,23; 1,6 = 103,23; Xc nh nng ca phc
to thnh v nng Fe3+ cn li trong dung dch khi thm SCN- vo dung dch
cha [Fe3+]0 = 0,001M vi:
a) [SCN-] = 1M;
b) [SCN-] = 0,1M;
c) [SCN-] = 0,01M;
Gi s trong iu kin ang xt, trong dung dch ch xy ra cc phn ng
gia Fe3+ v SCN-.
Cu 11. Xc nh nng ca cc thnh phn trng thi cn bng ca dd H 2C2O4
0,1M; bit pH ca dd ny l 1,28. Cho ka1 = 10-1,25, ka2 = 10-4,27.
Cu 12. Dng phi t L l 1,10 phenanthroline to phc vi Fe2+. Phc to thnh
cc dng FeL, FeL2 v FeL3 vi 1,1 = 105,9; 1,1 = 1011,1; 1,1 = 1021,3; Hy xc nh
2

MTTCQ
nng ca cc phc to thnh v nng Fe 2+ cn li trong dd, nu nng Fe2+
ban u l 0,001M v nng L cn bng l 0,1M.
Cu 13. Tnh nng cn bng ca cc dng phc trong dung dch AgNO 3 v NH3
bit [Ag+] = 1,0.10-6M, [NH3] = 0,10M; Cho hng s bn ca phc gia Ag+ v NH3
l 1,1 = 103,32, 1,1 = 107,24.

Hong Nhn Khi

DH11H1
Cu 1 :
Hg 2+ + Br HgBr + 1
2
HgBr + + Br HgBr

HgBr + Br HgBr
3

4
HgBr + Br HgBr
Ta c hng s bn tng nc l :
1 = 1.1 = 109.05 ;

1017.33
= 108.28 ;
109.05
1019.74
3 = 17.33 = 10 2.41
10
10 21.05
4 = 19.74 = 101.31
10

1.2 = 1 * 2 = 109.05 * 2 = 1017.33 2 =

1.3 = 1 * 2 * 3 = 1.2 * 3 = 1017.33 * 3 = 1019.74

1.4 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 = 1.3 * 4 = 1019.74 * 4 = 1021.05

Vy hng s khng bn tng nc l :

K1 =

1
1
1
1
= 10 1.31 ; K 2 =
= 10 2.41 ; K 3 =
= 10 8.28 ; K 4 =
= 10 9.05
4
3
2
1

Cu 2 :
Cd (ClO4 ) 2 Cd 2+ + 2ClO42

M:

10-3

10-3 10-3
K+ + I
KI
M: 1 1

Cd 2+ + I CdI +
CdI + + I CdI
CdI + I CdI
CdI + I CdI 2

1
+

[CdI ]
[Cd 2+ ] *[ I ]
[CdI ]
2 =
[CdI + ] *[ I ]
[CdI ]
3 =
[CdI ] *[ I ]
[CdI 2 ]
4 =
[CdI ] *[ I ]

1 =

Ta c :
1 = 1.1 = 10 2.88

1.3 = 1 * 2 * 3 = 105

MTTCQ
1.4 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 = 10 6.1
1.2 = 1 * 2 = 103.92
LBTN u :
CCd 2+ = 10 3 = [Cd 2 + ] + [CdI + ] + [CdI ] + [CdI ] + [CdI 2 ] =
= [Cd 2+ ] + 1.1 * [Cd 2+ ] *[ I ] + 1.2 * [Cd 2+ ] * [ I ]2 + 1.3 * [Cd 2+ ] * [ I ]3 + 1.4 [Cd 2+ ] * [ I ]4 =

= [Cd 2+ ] * (1 + 1.1 * [ I ] + 1.2 * [ I ]2 + 1.3 * [ I ]3 + 1.4 *[ I ]4 ) =

= [Cd 2+ ] * I t I = (1 + 1.1 *[ I ] + 1.2 * [ I ]2 + 1.3 *[ I ]3 + 1.4 *[ I ]4 )
[Cd 2+ ] =

CCd 2+

I = 1 + 10 2.88 *1 + 103.92 *12 + 105 *13 + 106.1 *14 = 1.36 *106

C 2+
10 3
[Cd 2 + ] = Cd =
= 1.35 *10 10 M
6
I
1.36 *10
[CdI + ] = 1 * [Cd 2+ ] *[ I ] = 10 2.88 *1.35 *10 10 *1 = 1.35 *10 7.12 M
[CdI ] = 1 * 2 * [Cd 2+ ] * [ I ]2 = 103.92 *1.35 *10 10 *12 = 1.35 *10 6.08 M
[CdI ] = 1 * 2 * 3 *[Cd 2+ ] * [ I ]3 = 105 *1.35 *10 10 *13 = 1.35 *10 5 M
[CdI 2 ] = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * [Cd 2 + ] * [ I ]4 = 10 6.1 *1.35 *10 10 *14 = 1.35 *10 3.9 M

Cu 3 :
Mg 2+ + Y 4 MgY 2

MgY 2

Mg 2+ + OH Mg (OH ) + Mg ( OH ) + =

[ MgY 2 ]
= 108.9
2+
4
[ Mg ] * [Y ]
[ Mg (OH ) + ]
= 10 2.58
2+

[ Mg ] * [OH ]

H 3Y + H +

K1 =

[ H 3Y ] * [ H + ]
= 10 2
[ H 4Y ]

H 3Y H 2Y 2 + H +

K2 =

[ H 2Y 2 ] *[ H + ]
= 10 2.67

[ H 3Y ]

H 4Y

H 2Y

HY

HY 3 Y 4

+H

+H+

[ HY 3 ] * [ H + ]
K3 =
= 10 6.16
2
[ H 2Y ]
K4 =

[Y 4 ] *[ H + ]
= 10 10.26
3
[ HY ]

[ MgY 2 ]
[ Mg 2 + ] *[Y 4 ]
[ Mg 2+ ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Mg2+ tr phc chnh MgY 2 .
[Y 4 ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Y 4 tr phc chnh MgY 2 .

2 =
Gi l hng s bn iu kin ca phc MgY 2 vy : MgY

Ta c :
[ Mg 2+ ] = [ Mg 2+ ] + [ Mg (OH ) + ] = [ Mg 2+ ] + Mg ( OH ) + * [ Mg 2+ ] * [OH ] =

= [ Mg 2+ ] * (1 + Mg ( OH ) + * [OH ] = [ Mg 2+ ] * Mg ( OH ) + (2)

MTTCQ

t Mg (OH ) = (1 + Mg (OH ) * [OH ])

+

[Y 4 ] = [Y 4 ] + [ HY 3 ] + [ H 2Y 2 ] + [ H 3Y ] + [ H 4Y ] =
= [Y 4 ] +

[Y 4 ] * [ H + ] [Y 4 ] * [ H + ]2 [Y 4 ] * [ H + ]3
[Y 4 ] * [ H + ]
+
+
+
=
K4
K 4 * K3
K *4 K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

[ H + ] [ H + ]2

[ H + ]3
[ H + ]4
= [Y 4 ] * Y 4 (1)
= [Y 4 ] * 1 +
+
+
+
K
K
*
K
K
*
K
*
K
K
*
K
*
K
*
K
4
4
3
4
3
2
4
3
2
1

+
+ 2
+ 3
+ 4
[H ] [H ]

[H ]
[H ]

+
+
+
t Y 4 = 1 +
K
K
*
K
K
*
K
*
K
K
*
K
*
K
*
K
4
4
3
4
3
2
4
3
2
1

2
MgY 2
[ MgY ]

=
=
2

T (1) v (2) ta c : MgY

[ Mg 2 + ] * Mg ( OH ) + *[Y 4 ] * Y 4 Mg ( OH ) + * Y 4

a) pH = 4
10 14
[ H ] = 10 M [OH ] = 4 = 10 10 M
10
2.58
10
Mg (OH ) + = 1 + 10 *10 = 1 + 10 7.42
+

10 4
(10 4 ) 2
(10 4 )3
(10 4 ) 4

=
Y 4 = 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+ 10.26
+ 10.26
6.16
6.16
2.67
6.16
2.67
2
10
10
*
10
10
*
10
*
10
10
*
10
*
10
*
10

8
= 2.773 *10
MgY 2
108.9

=
=
= 2.8645
2

Vy : MgY
Mg (OH )+ * Y 4 (1 + 10 7.42 ) * 2.773 *108

b) pH = 8
10 14
= 10 6 M
8
10
2.58
6
= 1 + 10 *10 = 1 + 10 3.42

[ H + ] = 10 8 M [OH ] =
Mg (OH ) +

10 8
(10 8 ) 2
(10 8 ) 3
(10 8 ) 4
=
Y 4 = 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+
+
6.16
10.26
6.16
2.67
10.26
6.16
2.67
2
10
10
*
10
10
*
10
*
10
10
*
10
*
10
*
10

2
= 1.856 *10
MgY 2
108.9

=
=
= 4.278 *106
2

Vy : MgY
Mg (OH )+ * Y 4 (1 + 103.42 ) *1.856 *10 2

c) pH = 10
10 14
= 10 4 M
10
10
2.58
4
= 1 + 10 *10 = 1 + 10 1.42

[ H + ] = 10 10 M [OH ] =
Mg (OH ) +

MTTCQ

10 10
(10 10 ) 2
(10 10 ) 3
(10 10 ) 4

=
Y 4 = 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+ 10.26
+ 10.26
6.16
6.16
2.67
6.16
2.67
2
10
10
*
10
10
*
10
*
10
10
*
10
*
10
*
10

= 2.82
MgY 2
108.9

MgY 2 =
=
= 2.714 *108
1.42
Mg (OH ) + * Y 4 (1 + 10 ) * 2.82

Cu 4 :
FeY =

Fe 3+ + Y 4 FeY

H 4Y

H 3Y

+H

[ FeY ]
= 10 25.1
[ Fe 3+ ] *[Y 4 ]

[ H 3Y ] * [ H + ]
K1 =
[ H 4Y ]

H 3Y H 2Y 2 + H +

K2 =

[ H 2Y 2 ] *[ H + ]
[ H 3Y ]

H 2Y 2 HY 3 + H +

K3 =

[ HY 3 ] * [ H + ]
[ H 2Y 2 ]

HY 3 Y 4

K4 =

[Y 4 ] * [ H + ]
[ HY 3 ]

+H+

=
Gi l hng s iu kin bn ca phc FeY vy : FeY

[ FeY ]
[ Fe 3+ ] * [Y 4 ]

[ Fe3+ ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Fe3+ tr phc chnh FeY .

[Y 4 ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Y 4 tr phc chnh FeY .

Ta c :
[Y 4 ] = [Y 4 ] + [ HY 3 ] + [ H 2Y 2 ] + [ H 3Y ] + [ H 4Y ] =
= [Y 4 ] +

[Y 4 ] * [ H + ] [Y 4 ] * [ H + ]2 [Y 4 ] * [ H + ]3
[Y 4 ] * [ H + ]4
+
+
+
=
K4
K 4 * K3
K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

[ H + ] [ H + ]2

[ H + ]3
[ H + ]4
= [Y 4 ] * Y 4
= [Y ] * 1 +
+
+
+
K4
K 4 * K 3 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

[ H + ] [ H + ]2

[ H + ]3
[ H + ]4

=
1
+
+
+
+
t Y 4
K4
K 4 * K 3 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

=
FeY

[ FeY ]
= FeY
3+
4
[ Fe ] * [Y ] * Y 4 Y 4

* pH = 1
[ H + ] = 10 1

MTTCQ
Y 4

10 1
(10 1 ) 2
(10 1 ) 3
(10 1 ) 4
=
= 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+ 10.26
+ 10.26
6.16
6.16
2.67
6.16
2.67
2
10
*10
10
*10
*10
10
*10
*10
*10
10
= 1.36 *1017

=
FeY

10 25.1
= 9.285 *107
1.36 *1017

* pH = 3
[ H + ] = 10 3

10 3
(10 3 ) 2
(10 3 ) 3
(10 3 ) 4
=
Y 4 = 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+
+
6.16
10.26
6.16
2.67
10.26
6.16
2.67
2
10
*10
10
*10
*10
10
*10
*10
*10
10
= 3.985 *1010
=
FeY

10 25.1
= 3.159 *1014
3.985 *1010

Cu 5 :
KCN

CN

K+

Hng s bn tng nc :

+ CN Fe(CN ) 2+

1 =

Fe(CN ) 2+ + CN Fe(CN ) +2

2 =

Fe 3+

Fe(CN ) +2 + CN Fe(CN ) 3

[ Fe(CN ) 2+ ]
[ Fe3+ ] * [CN ]

[ Fe(CN ) +2 ]
[ Fe(CN ) 2+ ] * [CN ]
[ Fe(CN ) 3 ]
3 =
[ Fe(CN ) +2 ] * [CN ]

Fe(CN ) 3 + CN Fe(CN ) 4

4 =

[ Fe(CN ) 4 ]
[ Fe(CN )3 ] *[CN ]

Fe(CN ) 4 + CN Fe(CN )52

5 =

[ Fe(CN )52 ]
[ Fe(CN ) 4 ] *[CN ]

Fe(CN ) 52 + CN Fe(CN )36

6 =

[ Fe(CN )36 ]
[ Fe(CN )52 ] * [CN ]

Vy hng s bn tng cng tng nc l :

[ Fe(CN ) 2+ ]
[ Fe 3+ ] *[CN ]
[ Fe(CN ) +2 ]
= 1 * 2 =
[ Fe 3+ ] *[CN ]2
[ Fe(CN ) 3 ]
= 1 * 2 * 3 =
[ Fe 3+ ] *[CN ]3
[ Fe(CN ) 4 ]
= 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 =
[ Fe 3+ ] * [CN ]4

Nc 1 : 1.1 = 1 =
Nc 2 : 1.2
Nc 3 : 1.3
Nc 4 : 1.4

MTTCQ
[ Fe(CN ) 52 ]
[ Fe 3+ ] *[CN ]5
[ Fe(CN ) 36 ]
= 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 =
[ Fe3+ ] * [CN ]6

Nc 5 : 1.5 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 =
Nc 6 : 1.6

Cu 6 :
Hng s bn cng ln th hp cht cng bn :
Ta c :
Hng s khng bn ca phc CaY 2 :
K CaY 2 = 10 10.57 CaY 2 =

1
K CaY 2

1
10

10.57

= 1010.57

Hng s khng bn ca phc FeY :

K FeY = 10 25.1 FeY =

1
K FeY

1
10

25.1

= 10 25.1

25.1
10.57
V FeY = 10 > CaY = 10
Vy phc cht FeY bn hn phc cht CaY 2 vi Y 4 .
Cu 7 :!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

HgCl2 Hg 2+ + 2Cl
M : 10 2

10 2

Hg 2+ + Cl HgCl +
HgCl + + Cl HgCl2

2 *10 2
[ HgCl + ]
[ Hg 2+ ] *[Cl ]
[ HgCl ]
2 =
[ HgCl + ] * [Cl ]

1 =

Ta c :
1 = 1.1 = 106.74
1.2 = 1 * 2 = 106.74 * 2 = 1013.22 2 =

1013.22
= 106.48
6.74
10

LBTN u :
C Hg 2+ = 10 2 = [ Hg 2+ ] + [ HgCl + ] + [ HgCl ] =
= [ Hg 2 + ] + 1 * [ Hg 2+ ] *[Cl ] + 1 * 2 *[ Hg 2+ ] * [Cl ]2 =
= [ Hg 2+ ] * (1 + 1 * [Cl ] + 1 * 2 * [Cl ]2 ) = [ Hg 2+ ] * Cl

2
t Cl = (1 + 1 * [Cl ] + 1 * 2 * [Cl ] )

10 2
[ Hg ] =
Cl
2+

Cl = 1 + 10 6.74 * 2 *10 2 + 1013.22 * (2 *10 2 ) 2 = 6.6385 *109

[ Hg 2+ ] =

10 2
= 1.5064 *10 12 M
6.6385 *10 9

MTTCQ
[ HgCl + ] = 1 * [ Hg 2+ ] * [Cl ] = 106.74 *1.5064 *10 12 = 1.5064 *10 5.26 M
[ HgCl ] = 1 * 2 * [ Hg 2+ ] * [Cl ]2 = 1013.22 *1.5064 *10 12 * (2 *10 2 ) = 6.0256 *10 2.78 M

Cu 8 :
Al 3+ + Y 4 AlY
H 4Y

H 3Y + H +

[ AlY ]
= 1016.13
[ Al 3+ ] * [Y 4 ]
[ H Y ] *[ H + ]
K1 = 3
[ H 4Y ]

AlY =

H 3Y H 2Y 2 + H +

K2 =

[ H 2Y 2 ] *[ H + ]
[ H 3Y ]

H 2Y 2 HY 3 + H +

K3 =

[ HY 3 ] * [ H + ]
[ H 2Y 2 ]

HY 3 Y 4

K4 =

[Y 4 ] * [ H + ]
[ HY 3 ]

+H+

=
Gi l hng s iu kin bn ca phc AlY vy : AlY

[ AlY ]
[ Al 3+ ] * [Y 4 ]

[ Al 3+ ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Al 3+ tr phc chnh AlY .

[Y 4 ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Y 4 tr phc chnh AlY .

Ta c :
[Y 4 ] = [Y 4 ] + [ HY 3 ] + [ H 2Y 2 ] + [ H 3Y ] + [ H 4Y ] =
= [Y 4 ] +

[Y 4 ] * [ H + ] [Y 4 ] * [ H + ]2 [Y 4 ] * [ H + ]3
[Y 4 ] * [ H + ]4
+
+
+
=
K4
K 4 * K3
K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

[ H + ] [ H + ]2

[ H + ]3
[ H + ]4

= [Y 4 ] * Y 4
= [Y ] * 1 +
+
+
+
K4
K 4 * K 3 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

[ H + ] [ H + ]2

[ H + ]3
[ H + ]4

+
+
+
t Y 4 = 1 +
K4
K 4 * K 3 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

=
AlY

[ AlY ]
= AlY
3+
4
[ Al ] * [Y ] * Y 4 Y 4

* pH = 1
[ H + ] = 10 1

10 1
(10 1 ) 2
(10 1 ) 3
(10 1 ) 4
=
Y 4 = 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+
+
6.16
10.26
6.16
2.67
10.26
6.16
2.67
2
10
*10
10
*10
*10
10
*10
*10
*10
10
= 1.36 *1017
=
FeY

1016.13
= 0.099188447
1.36 *1017

* pH = 3
[ H + ] = 10 3

MTTCQ
Y 4

10 3
(10 3 ) 2
(10 3 ) 3
(10 3 ) 4
=
= 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+ 10.26
+ 10.26
6.16
6.16
2.67
6.16
2.67
2
10
*10
10
*10
*10
10
*10
*10
*10
10
= 3.985 *1010

=
FeY

1016.13
= 3.385 *105
3.985 *1010

Cu 9 :
Ta tnh pH ca dung dch :
Ta c : Ka = 10-9.24 ( pKa = 9.24 )
NH 4OH NH 4+ + OH
NH 4Cl NH 4+ + Cl
H 2O H ++OH
Ca + [OH ] [ H + ]
Cb [OH + ] + [ H + ]
C
1.78
= K a a = 10 9.24
= 1.78 *10 9.24 M
Cb
1

[H + ] = Ka
[ H + ] gd

[OH ] gd =

10 14
10 14
=
= 9.7629 *10 6 M
+
9.24
[ H ] gd 1.78 *10

V [H+] << [OH-] ta b [H+] bn cnh [OH-]

V v [OH-] << Ca, Cb ta b [OH-] bn cnh Ca, Cb
[H + ] = Ka

Ca
1.78
= 10 9.24 *
= 1.78 *10 9.24 = [ H + ]gd
Cb
1

pH = log[ H ]gd = 9

Hay :
pH = pK a + log

Cb
1
= 9.24 + log
=9
Ca
1.78

[ H + ] = 10 9 M
Ni 2+

+ Y 4

Ni 2 +

NH 3

NiY 2
Ni (NH 3 ) 2+

[ NiY 2 ]
= 1018.62
2+
4
[ Ni ] * [Y ]
[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 2 +]
1 =
[ Ni 2 +] * [ NH 3 ]

NiY 2 =

Ni ( NH 3 ) 2 + + NH 3 Ni ( NH 3 ) 22+

2 =

[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 22 + ]
[ Ni ( NH 3 ) + ] * [ NH 3 ]

Ni ( NH 3 ) 22 + + NH 3 Ni ( NH 3 ) 32+

3 =

[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 32 + ]
[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 22+ ] * [ NH 3 ]

Ni ( NH 3 )32 + + NH 3 Ni ( NH 3 ) 24+

4 =

[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 24 + ]
[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 32 + ] * [ NH 3 ]

MTTCQ
2+
3 4

2+
3 5

Ni ( NH ) + NH 3 Ni ( NH )

1.1 = 1 = 10 2.67

1.2 = 1 * 2 = 10 4.8

1.3 = 1 * 2 * 3 = 106.46

1.4 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 = 10 7.5

1.5 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 108.1

5 =

[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 52 + ]
[ Ni ( NH 3 ) 24+ ] * [ NH 3 ]

 H 3Y + H +

K1 =

[ H 3Y ] * [ H + ]
[ H 4Y ]

H 3Y H 2Y 2 + H +

K2 =

[ H 2Y 2 ] *[ H + ]
[ H 3Y ]

H 2Y 2 HY 3 + H +

K3 =

[ HY 3 ] * [ H + ]
[ H 2Y 2 ]

H 4Y

HY

+H

[Y 4 ] * [ H + ]
K4 =
[ HY 3 ]

2 =
Gi l hng s iu kin bn ca phc NiY 2 vy : NiY

[ NiY 2 ]
[ Ni 2+ ] * [Y 4 ]

[ Ni 2+ ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Ni 2+ tr phc chnh NiY 2 .

[Y 4 ] : Tng nng cc dng tn ti ca Y 4 tr phc chnh NiY 2 .

Ta c :
[ Ni 2+ ] = [ Ni 2+ ] + [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 2+ ] + [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 22+ ] + [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 32+ ] + [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 24+ ] + [ Ni ( NH 3 ) 52+ ] =
= [ Ni 2+ ] * (1 + 1 * [ NH 3 ] + 1.2 * [ NH 3 ]2 + 1.3 *[ NH 3 ]3 + 1.4 * [ NH 3 ]4 + 1.5 * [ NH 3 ]5 = t
= [ Ni 2+ ] * NH 3

NH 3 = (1 + 1 *[ NH 3 ] + 1.2 * [ NH 3 ]2 + 1.3 * [ NH 3 ]3 + 1.4 * [ NH 3 ]4 + 1.5 * [ NH 3 ]5 )

[Y 4 ] = [Y 4 ] + [ HY 3 ] + [ H 2Y 2 ] + [ H 3Y ] + [ H 4Y ] =
= [Y 4 ] +

[Y 4 ] * [ H + ] [Y 4 ] *[ H + ]2 [Y 4 ] * [ H + ]3
[Y 4 ] * [ H + ]4
+
+
+
=
K4
K 4 * K3
K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

[ H + ] [ H + ]2

[ H + ]3
[ H + ]4
= [Y 4 ] * Y 4
= [Y 4 ] * 1 +
+
+
+
K4
K 4 * K 3 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

[ H + ] [ H + ]2

[ H + ]3
[ H + ]4

+
+
+
t Y 4 = 1 +
K4
K 4 * K 3 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 K 4 * K 3 * K 2 * K1

2 =
NiY

NiY 2
[ NiY 2 ]
=
2+
4
[ Ni ] * NH 3 * [Y ] * Y 4 NH 3 * Y 4

NH 3 = 1 + 10 2.67 *1 + 10 4.8 *12 + 106.46 *13 + 107.5 *14 + 108.1 *15 = 1.605 *108

10 9
(10 9 ) 2
(10 9 ) 3
(10 9 ) 4
=
Y 4 = 1 + 10.26 + 10.26
+
+
6.16
10.26
6.16
2.67
10.26
6.16
2.76
2
10
*10
10
*10
*10
10
*10
*10
*10
10
= 19.2233
2 =
NiY

1018.62
= 1.35 *109
8
1.605 *10 *19.2233

Cu 10 :
Fe3+

+ SCN

Fe( SCN ) 2+

1 =

[ Fe( SCN ) 2+ ]
[ Fe3+ ] * [ SCN ]

Fe( SCN ) 2+ + SCN Fe( SCN ) +2

Fe( SCN ) +2 + SCN Fe( SCN ) 3

Fe( SCN ) 3 + SCN Fe( SCN )

[ Fe( SCN ) +2 ]
[ Fe( SCN ) 2+ ] * [ SCN ]
[ Fe( SCN ) 3 ]
3 =
[ Fe( SCN ) +2 ] * [ SCN ]

2 =

[ Fe( SCN ) 4 ]
4 =
[ Fe( SCN ) 3 ] * [ SCN ]

Fe( SCN ) 4 + SCN Fe( SCN ) 52

5 =

[ Fe( SCN ) 52 ]
[ Fe( SCN ) 4 ] * [ SCN ]

Fe( SCN ) 52 + SCN Fe( SCN )36

6 =

[ Fe( SCN )36 ]

[ Fe( SCN ) 4 ] * [ SCN ]

1.1 = 1 = 103.03
1.2 = 1 * 2 = 10 4.33
1.3 = 1 * 2 * 3 = 10 4.63
1.4 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 = 10 4.53
1.5 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 10 4.23
1.6 = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 = 103.23

LBTN u :

C Fe3+ = 10 3 = [ Fe3+ ] + [ Fe( SCN ) 2+ ] + [ Fe( SCN ) +2 ] + [ Fe( SCN ) 3 ] + [ Fe( SCN ) 4 ] + [ Fe( SCN )52 ] + [ Fe( SCN ) 36

= [ Fe3+ ] * (1 + 1 * [ SCN ] + 1.2 *[ SCN ]2 + 1.3 * [ SCN ]3 + 1.4 * [ SCN ]4 + 1.5 * [ SCN ]5 + 1.6 * [ SCN ]6
= [ Fe3+ ] * SCN

t :
SCN = (1 + 1 *[ SCN ] + 1.2 * [ SCN ]2 + 1.3 * [ SCN ]3 + 1.4 *[ SCN ]4 + 1.5 *[ SCN ]5 + 1.6 * [ SCN ]6 )

[ Fe3+ ] =

C Fe3+

SCN

10 3
SCN

a) [SCN-] = 1M
SCN = 1 + 103.03 *1 + 10 4.33 *12 + 10 4.63 *13 + 10 4.53 *14 + 10 4.23 *15 + 103.23 *16 = 1.18 *105

Bi Tp Tng Hp V Ha
Phn Tch
Bi tp 1 : Tnh pH ca dung dch HCl c nng sau y
a. 0,1M

b. 0,02M

c. 5.10-3

d. 10-6

e. 10-7

Gii
Nu khng k n lc ion ca dung dch th pH ca dung dch HCl cc nng 0,1M,

0,02M, 5.10-3M, 10-6M, 10-7M l:

a/Ca ={0,1M, 0,02M, 5.10-3M , 10-6}
Ta c: Ca 10-6 => [OH-] < < Ca khi : [H+] =Ca
Vy pH ca dung dch HCl cc nng ny l:
pH1= -lg [Ca1] =-lg[0,1]=1
pH2= -lg [Ca2] =-lg[0,02]=1,7
pH3= -lg [Ca3] =-lg[5.10-3]=2,3
pH4= -lg [Ca4] =-lg[10-6]=6
b.Ta c : 10-8 < Ca =10-7 < 10-6
Ta c:
HCl ->H+ + ClH2O H+ + OHPhng trnh bo ton proton :
[H+]=[Cl-]+[OH-] = Ca + [OH-]
[ H + ] = Ca +

K H 2O
[H + ]

[ H + ]2 Ca.[ H + ] K H 2O = 0
[H+]2 -10-7 [H+]-10-14 = 0

[H + ]=1,62.10-8
[H ]=-6,2.10 ( loai )
+

-7

Vy pH5=-lg[H+] = -lg[1,62.10-7] = 6,79

Bi tp 2 : Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH , pKa = 4,75 c nng sau :
a. 10-1M

b. 10-2M

c. 10-3M

d. 10-4M

e. 10-5M

Gii
Phng trnh phn ly :
CH3COOH CH3COO+H+
H2O OH- + H+
Phng trnh bo ton proton : [H+] =[CH3COO-]+ [OH-] (1)
Phng trnh bo ton hng s :
K=

[CH 3COO ].[ H + ]

[CH 3COOH ]

(2)

Phng trnh bo ton khi lng :

[CH3COOH] + [CH3COO-]= Ca (3)

f. 10-6M

Gii (1) (2) (3) ta c :

[ H + ].([ H + ] [OH ])
K=
Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
+
+
Gi s : [OH ] << H v Ca >> H
2

H +
K=
H + = K .Ca
Ca
1
( pKa l o g Ca)
2

Vy :pH =

Vi pKa = 4,75
1
2

a. pH = (4, 75 log101 ) = 2,88

1
2

b. Ca =10-2M =>pH = (4,75-log10-2)=3,38

1
2

c. Ca =10-3M =>pH = (4,75-log10-3)=3,88

1
2

d. Ca =10-4M =>pH = (4,75-log10-4)=4,38

1
2

e. Ca =10-5M =>pH = (4,75-log10-5)=4,88

1
2

f. Ca =10-6M =>pH = (4,75-log10-6)=5,38

Bi tp 3 : Tnh pH ca cc dung dch mui amoniclorua c cc nng sau :
a. a. 10-1M

b. 10-2M

c. 10-3M

NH3 c pKb = 4,75

Gii
Phng trnh phn ly :
+
NH4Cl NH 4 + Cl-

NH4+ NH 3 + H+
+
H2O H + OH-

PT Hng s Axit :

K NH + =

[ NH 3 ] H +

K NH + =
4

NH 4+

K H 2O
K NH3

NH 4+
[ NH 3 ] =
.K NH +
4
H +

1014
= 4,75 = 109,25
10

PT bo ton in tch : [H+]=[NH3]+[OH-]

+

[H ] =

K NH + .[ NH 4+ ]
4

H +

K H 2O
H +

[ H + ]2 = K NH + .Ca + K H 2O
4

Ca=10-1 (M) => [H+] = 7,5.10-6 => pH =-lg[H+]= 5,12

Ca=10-2 (M) => [H+] = 2,37.10-6 => pH =-lg[H+]= 5,62
Ca=10-3 (M) => [H+] = 7,57.10-7 => pH =-lg[H+]= 6,12
Bi tp 4 :V th logarit nng ca dung dch baz yu B c pK b = 5 v nng
10-2M . Da vo th tnh pH ca dung dch .
Gii
Ta c cc cn bng trong dung dch :
B + H 2O BH + + OH
H2O H++OHPhng trnh bo ton proton: [OH-] = [H+]+ [BH+] (1)
Phng trnh bo ton khi lng : [B] +[BH+] = Cb (2)
Phng trnh hng s cn bng :

[ BH + ].[OH ]
KB =
[ B]

(3)

Phng trnh hng s cn bng ca axit lin hp vi baz [BH+] : KBH+=

V th :
Ta c im h ( 9;-2)

K H 2O
KB

(4)

 th logarit ca bazo yu B
T th ta thy : [H+] <<[BH+]
Do phng trnh (1) tr thnh : [BH+] = [OH-]

K H 2O
Cb[ H + ]
=
+
K BH + + [ H ] [ H + ]

Cb[H+]2-KH2O.KBH+ - [H+].KH2O. =0
10-2 [H+]2 -10-14 [H+] -1023=0

[[ HH + ]]==3,2.10
3,1.1011 ( loai )

11

Vy pH =-lg[H+]=-lg[3,2.10-11]=10,5
Bi tp 5 : Cn ly bao nhiu gam NH4Cl pha thnh 1 lt dung dch c
NH3 c pKb = 4,75 .
Gii
Phng trnh phn ly :
+
NH4Cl NH 4 + Cl-

NH4+ NH 3 + H+
+
H2O H + OH

Phng trnh hng s axit:

K NH + =

[ NH 3 ] H +
NH
+
4

[ NH 3 ] =

K NH + . NH 4+
4

[H + ]

+
Do ion NH 4 l axit lin hp ca NH3 nn:

K NH + .K NH 3 = K H 2O|
4

K NH + =
4

K H 2O
K NH 3

1014
= 4,75 = 109,25
10

PT bo ton proton :
[H+]=[NH3+[OH-]
+

[H ] =

K NH + .[ NH 4+ ]
4

[H ]

K H 2O
[H + ]

[ H + ]2 = K NH + .[ NH 4+ ] + K H 2O (*)
4

V dung dch sau khi pha c pH = 5,5 => [H+]=10-5,5

Nn (*) tr thnh :

pH = 5,5 . Bit

(10-5,5 ) 2 = 10-9,25 . [ NH 4+ ] + 10-14

[ NH 4+ ] =0,0177 (M)
+

Khi cn bng ta c: [ NH 4 ] = [ NH 4Cl ]=0,0177 (M)

Do s mol NH 4Cl cn ly l : n NH4Cl= [NH4Cl]. V = 0,0177 . 1 = 0,0177 ( mol )
Vy khi lng cn ly pha thnh 1lt dung dch c pH = 5,5 l :
m =0,0177.53,5 = 0,95 (g)
CU 6: tnh pH ca cc dd sau;

a) Dd A CH3COOH 2,5.10-2 M + CH3COONa 7,5.10-2 M

b) Dd A sau khi thm 10-2 mol HCl vo 1 lt dd
c) Dd A sau khi thm 10-2 mol NaOH vo 1 lt dd
GII
a) Tnh pH ca dd (a) CH3COOH 2,5.10-2 M + CH3COONa 7,5.10-2 M
v dd cho l dd m nn ta c pH dd c tnh theo cng thc
pH = pKa log
trong :
ka l hng s axt ca CH3COOH
Ca l nng ca CH3COOH
Cb l nng ca CH3COONa
pH = 4,75 + 0,48 = 5,23
b)dd (a) sau khi thm 10-2 mol HCl vo 1 lt dd
HCl = H+ + Cl
[H+ ] = [HCl] = 10-2
H+ + CH3COO = CH3COOH
Ta c [CH3COO] = 7,5 .10-2 - 10-2 = 6,5.10-2
[CH3COOH] = 2,5.10-2 + 10-2 = 3,5.10-2
pH = 4,75 log = 5,02
c) dd (a) sau khi thm 10-2 mol NaOH vo 1 lt dd
NaOH = Na+ + OH
[OH] = [NaOH] = 10-2
Trong dd s xy ra phn ng
CH3COOH + OH = CH3COO + H2O
Ta c [CH3COO] = 7,5 .10-2 + 10-2 = 8,5.10-2
[CH3COOH] = 2,5.10-2 - 10-2 = 1,5.10-2

MTTCQ
BI TP PHN 2.

CHNG 2. CN BNG ACID BAZ

Cu 1. Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M, bit rng hng s phn ly ca
axt ny l Ka = 10-4,75.
Cu 2. Tnh pH ca dung dch NH4OH 1 M bit Kb= 1,76.10-5.
Cu 3. Tnh gi tr pH ca dung dch m gm NH4OH 0,05 M v NH4Cl 0,05 M.
Cho bit KNH4OH = Kb = 1,76.10-5.
Cu 4. Cho 500ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M. Ngi ta thm t t dung dch
NaOH 0,1 N vo 500ml dung dch trn. Tnh pH cc thi im sau:
a. 100ml NaOH 0,1N
b. 300ml NaOH 0,1N
c. 500ml NaOH 0,1N
d. 600ml NaOH 0,1N
Cu 5. Tnh pH ca dung dch NaCN 0,010 M. Cho pKa,HCN = 9,35.
Cu 6. Tnh pH ca dung dch NH4Cl 0,10 M. Cho pK NH = 4,75.
Cu 7. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi thm 0,102g CH3COONa vo 100ml
dung dch 0,0375M CH3COOH. Bit pKCH3COOH = 4,75.
Cu 8. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi trn ln:
a. 50ml 0,1M KH2PO4 v 25ml 0,2M K2HPO4. Bit H3PO4 c pK1 = 2,16;
pK2 = 7,13; pK3 = 12,3.
b. 30ml 0,1M Na2CO3 v 15ml 0,1M NaHCO3. Bit H2CO3 c pK1 = 6,35;
pK2 = 10,33.
Cu 9. Phi thm vo 100ml dung dch HCOOH 0,2M bao nhiu gam natri foocmat
rn HCOONa c dung dch m vi pH = 4,3. Bit pKHCOOH = 3,77.
3

Cu 10. Cn bao nhiu gam CH3COONa ha tan trong 50ml dung dch CH3COOH
0,04M c pH = 5,43.
Cu 11. Tnh pH dung dch HNO2 0,120 M, Ka = 7,1.10-4
Cu 12. Tnh pH dung dch HF 2,0.104 M. Ka = 6,7.104.
Cu 13. Tnh [H+], [OH-], pH ca dung dch Na2S 0,100M.
Cu 14. Tnh pH ca dung dch NaHCO3 1,00M. (H2CO3 c pKa1 = 6,35, pKa2 =
10,33).
Cu 15. Tnh pH ca dung dch NaHSO3 1,00.10-3M (H2SO3 c pKa1 = 1,76, pKa2 =
7,21).
Cu 16. Xc nh nng ca dung dch CH3COOH phi c trong dung dch sao
cho pH = 3.

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
Hong Nhn Khi
DH11H1
Cu 1:
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
H2O OH- + H+
[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ] [OH ]
[ H + ] [OH ]

[ H + ]gd = K a * Ca = 10 4.75 * 0.1 = 1.33 *10 3

[OH ]gd =

10 14
= 7.5 * 1012
1.33 * 103

V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]

Ca [ H + ]
[H ] = Ka
[H + ]
+

[ H + ]2 + K a * [ H + ] K a * C a = 0
[ H + ] + 10 4.75 * [ H + ] 10 5.75 = 0
[ H + ] = 1.325 *10 3
pH = log[ H + ] = 2.8778
Cu 2:
NH 4OH NH 4+ + OH
H 2O H + + OH
Cb [OH ] + [ H + ]
[OH ] = K b
[OH ] [ H + ]

[OH ] gd = K b * Cb = 1.76 *10 5 = 4.195 *10 3

10 14
= 2.384 *10 12
4.195 *10 3
V [H+] << [OH-] ta b [H+] bn cnh [OH-]
V v [OH-] << Cb ta b [OH-] bn cnh Cb
K *C
[OH ] = b b
[OH ]
[ H + ]gd =

[OH ]2 = K b * Cb
[OH ] = K b * Cb = 1.76 *10 5 = 4.195 *10 3 = [OH ] gd
pH = log[ H + ]gd = 11.6227
Cu 3:
Ta c K b = 1.76 *10 5 K a =

10 14
10 9
=
1.76 *10 5 1.76

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
NH 4OH NH 4+ + OH
NH 4Cl NH 4+ + Cl
H 2O H + + OH
Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
[H ] = Ka
Cb + [ H + ] [OH ]
+

Ca 10 9
[ H ]dg = K a
=
Cb 1.76
+

10 14
= 1.76 *10 5
10 9
1.76
+
V [H ] << [OH-] ta b [H+] bn cnh [OH-]
V v [OH-] << Ca, Cb t b [OH-] bn cnh Ca, Cb
[OH ] gd =

[H + ] = Ka

Ca 10 9
=
= [ H ]gd
Cb 1.76

pH = log[ H + ] = 9.2455
Cu 4:
Ta c Vtd =0.5 (lt)
a) VNaOH = 0.1 (lt) < Vtd = 0.5 (lt)
Trc im ng lng ; dd gm c CH3COONa v CH3COOH d
VCH 3COOH * CM CH3COOH VNaOH * C NaOH 0.5 * 0.1 0.1* 0.1 1
Ca = [CH 3COOH ] =
=
= M
VCH 3COOH + VNaOH
0 .5 + 0 .1
15
Cb = [CH 3COONa ] =

VNaOH * C NaOH
0.1* 0.1 1
=
=
M
VCH 3COOH + VNaOH 0.5 + 0.1 60

K a = K CH 3COOH = 10 4.75
CH 3COONa CH 3COO + Na +
CH 3COOH CH 3COO + H +
[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
Cb + [ H + ] [OH ]

1
C
[ H + ] gd = K a a = 10 4.75 15 = 4 *10 4.75
1
Cb
60
14
10
[OH ]gd =
= 2.5 *10 10.25
4.75
4 *10
V [OH ] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]
V v [H+] << Ca, Cb ta b [H+] bn cnh Ca, Cb

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
1
C
[ H + ] = K a a = 15 = 4 *10 4.75 = [ H ] gd
1
Cb
60
pH = log[ H + ] = 4.14794
b) VNaOH = 0.3 (lt) < Vtd = 0.5 (lt)
Trc im ng lng ; dd gm c CH3COONa v CH3COOH d
VCH 3COOH * CM CH COOH VNaOH * C NaOH 0.5 * 0.1 0.3 * 0.1 1
3
Ca = [CH 3COOH ] =
=
=
M
VCH 3COOH + VNaOH
0.5 + 0.3
40
Cb = [CH 3COONa ] =

VNaOH * C NaOH
0.3 * 0.1
3
=
=
M
VCH 3COOH + VNaOH 0.5 + 0.3 80

K a = K CH 3COOH = 10 4.75
CH 3COONa CH 3COO + Na +
CH 3COOH CH 3COO + H +
[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
Cb + [ H + ] [OH ]

1
C
2
[ H + ]gd = K a a = 10 4.75 40 = * 10 4.75
3
Cb
3
80
14
10
[OH ]gd =
= 1.5 * 10 10.25
2
* 10 4.75
3
V [OH ] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]
V v [H+] << Ca, Cb ta b [H+] bn cnh Ca, Cb
1
C
2
[ H + ] = K a a = 40 = *10 4.75 = [ H ] gd
3
Cb
3
80
pH = log[ H + ] = 4.9261

c) VNaOH = 0.5 (lt) = Vtd = 0.5 (lt)

Ti im ng lng ; dd c CH3COONa

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
Cb = [CH 3COONa ] =

VNaOH * C NaOH
0 .5 * 0 .1
=
= 0.05M
VCH 3COOH + VNaOH 0.5 + 0.5

CH 3COONa CH 3COO + Na +
H 2O OH + H +
K a = K CH 3COOH = 10 4.75 K b =
[OH ] = K b

10 14
= 10 9.25
4.75
10

Cb [OH ] + [ H + ]
[OH ] [ H + ]

[OH ]gd = K b * Cb = 10 9.25 * 0.05 = 5.30255 *10 6

[ H + ] gd =

10 14
10 14
=
= 1.885885 *10 9

6
[OH ] 5.30255 *10

V [H+] << [OH-] ta b [H+] bn cnh [OH-]

V v [OH-] << Cb ta b [OH-] bn cnh Cb
[OH ] = K b * Cb = 10 9.25 * 0.05 = 5.30255 *10 6 = [OH ] gd
pH = log[ H + ]gd = 8.72448
d) VNaOH = 0.6 (lt) > Vtd = 0.5 (lt)
Sau im ng lng ; dd gm c CH3COONa v NaOH d.
[Cb ] = [ NaOH ]

VNaOH * C NaOH VCH 3COOH * CCH 3COOH

VNaOH + VCH 3COOH

0 .6 * 0 .1 0 .5 * 0 .1 1
= M
0 .6 + 0 .5
11

CH 3COONa CH 3COO + Na +
NaOH OH + Na +
Ta xem hn hp trn nh mt bazo mnh.................................................................
KW
[OH ] = Cb +
[OH ]
V Cb ln nn ta xem nh H2O phn ly khng ng k. V vy ta c :
1
10 14 10 14
M [H + ] =
=
= 1.1*10 13 M
1
11
[OH ]
11
+
pH = log[ H ] = 12.9586

[OH ] = Cb =

Cu 5:

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
pK a = 9.35 K a = 10

9.35

10 14
K b = 9.35 = 10 4.65
10

NaCN Na + + CN
H 2O H + + OH
[OH ] = K b

Cb [OH ] + [ H + ]
[OH ] [ H + ]

[OH ]gd = K b * Cb = 10 4.65 * 0.01 = 4.73 *10 4

10 14
10 10
=
4.73 *10 4 4.73
V [H+] << [OH-] ta b [H+] bn cnh [OH-]
[ H + ]gd =

[OH ] = K b

Cb [OH ]
[OH ]

[OH ]2 + K b *[OH ] K b * Cb = 0
[OH ]2 + 10 4.65 [OH ] 10 6.65 = 0
[OH ] = 4.621*10 4 [ H + ] =

10 14
10 10
=
4.621*10 4 4.621

pH = log[ H + ] = 10.665
Cu 6:
pK NH 3 = 4.75 = pK b K b = 10

4.75

10 14
K a = 4.75 = 10 9.25
10

NH 4Cl NH 4+ + Cl
H 2O H + + OH
[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
[ H + ] [OH ]

[ H + ] gd = K a * Ca = 10 9.25 * 0.1 = 7.5 *10 6

10 14
10 8
=
7.5 *10 6 7.5
V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]
V v [H+] << Ca ta b [H+] bn cnh Ca
K *C
[H + ] = a + a
[H ]
[OH ] gd =

[ H + ]2 = K a * C a
[ H + ] = K a * Ca = 10 9.25 * 0.1 = 7.5 *10 6 = [ H + ]gd
pH = log[ H + ]gd = 5.125

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
Cu 7:
pK CH 3COOH = 4.75 = pK a K a = 10 4.75

mCH 3COONa = O.102 g nCH 3COONa =

CH 3COONa CH 3COO + Na

O.102
mol CM CH3COONa =
82

nCH 3COONa
V

0.102
1.02
= 82 =
M
0.1
82

CH 3COOH CH 3COO + H +
H 2O OH + H +
[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
Cb + [ H + ] [OH ]

Ca
0.0375
= 10 4.75
= 5.361*10 5
1.02
Cb
82
14
14
10
10
[OH ] =
=
= 1.865 *10 10
+
5
[ H ] 5.361*10

[ H + ] gd = K a

V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]

V v [H+] << Ca, Cb ta b [H+] bn cnh Ca, Cb
C
[ H + ] = K a a = [ H + ]gd
Cb
pH = log[ H + ] gd = 4.271
Cu 8:
a) Ta c pK1 = 2.16 K1 = 10-2.16
pK2 = 7.13 K2 = 10-7.13
pK3 = 12.3 K3 = 10-12.3
V mui KH2PO4 v mui K2HPO4 u l mui trung tnh nn pH ca dung dch l :
K a = [ H + ] = 3 K1 * K 2 * K 3 = 3 10 2.16 *10 7.13 *10 12.3 = 3 10 21.59 = 6.358 *10 8

pH = -log[H+] = 7.2
Hay :
1 1
1
1
1 1

pH = ( pK1 + pK 2 ) + ( pK 2 + pK 3 ) = ( 2.16 + 7.13) + ( 7.13 + 12.3) = 7.2

2 2
2
2
2 2

b) Ta c pK1 = 6.35 K1 = 10-6.35

pK2 = 10.33 K2 = 10-10.33
** V mui NaHCO3 l mui trung tnh nn pH ca dung dch l :
K a = [ H + ] = K1 * K 2 = 10 6.35 *10 10.33 = 10 16.68 = 4.571*10 9

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
10 14
= 2.1877 *10 6
9
4.571*10
pH1 = -log[H+] = 8.34
Hay :
1
1
pH1 = ( pK1 + pK 2 ) = ( 6.35 + 10.33) = 8.34
2
2
** Dung dch Na2CO3 sau khi trn chung :
0.03 * 0.1
1
[ Na 2CO3 ] = [Cb ] =
=
0.03 + 0.015 15
Kb =

Na2CO3 Na + + CO3

H 2O H + + OH
Cb [OH ] + [ H + ]
[OH ] = K b
[OH ] [ H + ]

[OH ]gd = K b * Cb = 2.1877 *10 6 *

+

[ H ] gd

1
= 3.82 *10 4
15

10 14
10 14
10 10
=
=
=
[OH ] 3.82 *10 4 3.82

V [OH-] >> [H+] ta b [H+] bn cnh [OH-]

V v [OH-] << Cb ta b [OH-] bn cnh Cb
[OH ] = K b * Cb = 2.1877 *10 6 *

1
= 3.82 *10 4 = [OH ]gd
15

pH 2 = log[ H + ] gd = 10.582
Vy pH ca dung dch l :
pH 1 + pH 2 8.34 + 10.582
pH =
=
= 9.461
2
2
Cu 9:
pH = 4.3 [ H + ] = 10 4.3 [OH ] =

10 14 10 14
=
= 10 9.7
[ H + ] 10 4.3

pK a = pK HCOOH = 3.77 K a = 10 3.77

HCOONa HCOO + Na +
HCOOH HCOO + H +
Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
[H ] = Ka
Cb + [ H + ] [OH ]
+

V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]

V v [H+] << Ca ta b [H+] bn cnh Ca
Ta gi s : [H+] << Cb ta b [H+] bn cnh Cb

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
Vy ta c :
C
0 .2
[ H + ] gd = K a a = 10 3.77
= 10 4.3 = [ H + ]
Cb
Cb
Cb = 0.677688 >> [ H + ] = 10 4.3
Vy gi s ca ta c th chp nhn
mHCOONa
mHCOONa
M HCOONa
m
Cb = CM HCOONa =
= 68 = HCOONa = 0.677688
V
0.1
6.8
mHCOONa = 4.6082784
Cu 10:
+

pH = 5.43 [ H ] = 10

5.43

10 14 10 14
[OH ] =
= 5.43 = 10 8.57 ; K a = 10 4.75
+
[ H ] 10

CH 3COONa CH 3COO + Na +
CH 3COOH CH 3COO + H +
Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
[H ] = Ka
Cb + [ H + ] [OH ]
+

V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]

V v [H+] << Ca ta b [H+] bn cnh Ca
Ta gi s : [H+] << Cb ta b [H+]bn cnh Cb
vy ta c :
C
0.04
[ H + ] gd = K a a = 10 4.75
= 10 5.43 = [ H + ]
Cb
Cb
Cb = 0.191452 >> [ H + ] = 10 5.43
Vy gi s ca ta c th chp nhn
mCH 3COONa
m
Cb = CM CH3COONa =
mCH 3COONa

M CH 3COONa

V
= 0.7849532

CH 3COONa

82
0.05

mCH 3COONa
4 .1

Cu 11:

MTTCQ

= 0.191452

MTTCQ
HNO2 H + + NO2
H 2O H + + OH
Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
[H ] = Ka
[ H + ] [OH ]
+

[ H + ] gd = K a * Ca = 7.1*10 4 * 0.12 = 9.23 *10 3

[OH ] gd =

10 14
10 14
=
= 1.08 *10 12
+
3
[ H ] 9.23 *10

V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]

[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ]
[H + ]

[ H + ]2 + K a * [ H + ] K a * C a = 0
[ H + ] + 7.1*10 4 * [ H + ] 8.52 *10 5 = 0
[ H + ] = 8.8822 *10 3
pH = log[ H + ] = 2.05
Cu 12 :
HF H + + F
H 2O H + + OH
[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ] + [OH ]
[ H + ] [OH ]

[ H + ] gd = K a * Ca = 6.7 *10 4 * 2 *10 4 = 3.661*10 4

[OH ] gd =

10 14
10 14
=
= 2.73 *10 11
[ H + ] 3.661*10 4

V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]

[H + ] = K a

C a [ H + ]
[H + ]

[ H + ]2 + K a * [ H + ] K a * C a = 0
[ H + ] + 6.7 *10 4 * [ H + ] 1.34 *10 7 0
[ H + ] =1.612 *10 4
pH = log[ H + ] = 3.79

Cu 13:
Ta c axit H2S pKa1 = 7.02 (ka1 = 10-7.02); pKa2 = 12.9 (Ka2 = 10-12.9)
Na2S Na+ + S20.1
0.1
0.1

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
S2- + H2O HS- + OH- Kb1 = 10-1.1
HS- + H2O H2S + OH- Kb2 = 10-6.98
H2O OH- + H+
Kw = 10-14
Ta c :
Kb1 >> Kb2 B qua OH- do nc th 2 phn li
[OH ] = K b

Cb [OH ] + [ H + ]
[OH ] [ H + ]

[OH ]gd = K b * Cb = 10 1.1 * 0.1 = 0.089125

[ H + ] gd =

10 14
10 14
=
= 1.0191*10 13

[OH ] 0.089125

V [H+] << [OH-] ta b [H+] bn cnh [OH-]

V v [OH-] << Cb ta b [OH-] bn cnh Cb
[OH ] = K b * Cb = 101.1 * 0.1 = 0.089125 = [OH ]gd
pH = log[ H + ]gd = 12.96
Cu 14:
Vi axit H2CO3: pKa1 = 6.35 (Ka1 = 10-6.35); pKa2 = 10.33 (Ka2 = 10-10.33) nn pH ca
NaHCO3 l:
1
1
pH = ( pK a1 + pK a 2 ) = (6.35 + 10.33) = 8.34
2
2
Hay :
[ H + ] = K a1 * K a 2 = 10 6.35 *10 10.33 = 10 16.68
pH = log[ H + ] = 8.34
Cu 15:
Vi axit H2SO3: pKa1 = 1.76 (Ka1 = 10-1.76); pKa2 = 7.21 (Ka2 = 10-7.21) nn pH ca
NaHSO3 l:
1
1
pH = ( pK a1 + pK a 2 ) = (1.76 + 7.21) = 4.485
2
2
Hay :
[ H + ] = K a1 * K a 2 = 10 1.76 *10 7.21 = 10 8.97
pH = log[ H + ] = 4.485
Cu 16:
_

pH = 3 [ H + ] = 10 3 [OH ] =

10 14
= 10 11 ; K a = 10 4.75
3
10

CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
H2O OH- + H+

MTTCQ

MTTCQ
[H + ] = Ka

Ca [ H + ] [OH ]
[ H + ] [OH ]

V [OH-] << [H+] ta b [OH-] bn cnh [H+]

[ H + ] gd = K a

Ca [ H + ]
= [H + ]
+
[H ]

[ H + ]2 = K a * C a K a * [ H + ]
Ca =

[ H + ]2 + K a * [ H + ] 10 6 + 10 4.75 *10 3
=
= 0.057234
Ka
10 4.75

CM CH3COOH = Ca = 0.057234

MTTCQ

2.8. 1) p dng qui tc ng lng: 125 = 41,2 0,09 103 M = 337,1.

M
125
1000
Co =

= 0,0742M
337
50
2) Khi thm 8,24 ml (cha n T)
p dng: h = K1 P K = h P vi P = CV = 009 824 = 0,1998 0,2
P
CoVo 00742 50
1P
4,3 02
5
K = 10
= 1,25 10 .
08
WK vi C' = CCo =009 00742 = 0,04067 pH = 8,75.
2) h =
C'
C + Co 009 + 00742
2.9. V = 10 ml h = K.1 P pH = 4,35.
P
WK pH = 8,14
V = 12,5 ml h2 =
C'

V = 12,45 ml h = K.1 P pH = 6,15.

P
V = 13 ml h = W V + Vo pH = 11,12
P 1 VoCo

2.10. TN1: Cho 20 ml dung dch NaOH C (M) vo 30 ml CH3-COOH Co (M) t pH = 10,5 ln hn pHT = 8,74, ngha l dung dch tng ng
vi sau im tng ng, ta c:
h = W V + Vo = 105 vi P = CV = 2C
CoVo 3Co
P 1 VoCo
Sau khi thay s 2C 3Co = 1,58 103
()
TN2: Thm tip 0,05 mmol HCl, t pH = 6 < 8,74 trc im tng ng. Ta c:
h = K.1 P = 106 P = 0,94556
P
Vi P = CV 005 = 20C 005 = 0,094556 2C 2,837Co = 5 103
()
CoVo
30Co
2
2
Gii () v () C = 3,22 10 M v Co = 2,098 10 M.
NH3 + H+
2.11. 1) NH4+
K = 109,26
0,2--------------------0,01
0,2x----------------0,01+x
p dng L tc dng khi lng vi x 0,01 x = 107,96 0,01.
Vt h = [H+] = 0,01 pH = 2.

2) Gi NaOH (C,V) v HCl (Co1,Vo) v NH 4 (Co2,Vo)

T phng trnh trung ho in: [Na+] + [H+] + [NH4] = [OH] + [Cl]
CV + h + Co2Vo h = W + Co1Vo + Co2Vo
V + Vo
V + Vo h + K h
V + Vo
CV Co1Vo = (W h) + Co2Vo Co2Vo h
V + Vo
h
V + Vo V + Vo h + K
= (W h) + Co2Vo K
h
V + Vo h + K
V
+
V
CV
o
Nhn 2 v cho
v t P =
, ta c:
CoVo
Co1Vo
P 1 = (W h)V + Vo + Co2 K
h
CoVo Co1 h + K
W
V
q = P 1 = ( h) + Vo + Co2 K vi K h, thay s vo q = 1,74 102 hay 1,74%.
h
CoVo Co1 h
3) p dng cng thc q khi tnh BNC, ch mi trng (axit)
u BNC: 150h2 0,001h 1,099.108 = 0 h = 1,25 105 pH = 4,91.
Cui BNC: 150h2 + 0,001h 1,099.108 = 0 h = 5,85 106 pH = 5,23.
2.12. V = 0 ml h =

WK = 1010,83 khng h hn nhiu so K

Co

Nu gii phng trnh bc 2 suy ra t : 1 = W 1 + K pH = 10,82.

h Co K + h
P
V = 10 ml h = K.
pH = 9,44
V = 20 ml h = K. P pH = 8,66.
1P
1P
P
V = 24,95 ml h = K.
pH = 6,56.
1P
V = 25 ml h2 = KC' vi C' = CCo = 0,0125M pH = 5,58.
C + Co
C
V
V = 25,02 ml h = (P 1) o o pH = 5
V + Vo
C
o
V = 30 ml h = (P 1) Vo pH = 2,64.
V + Vo
2.13. 1) P = 0 h =

WK = 1011,22 vi C = 0,15M
o
Co

Chun 50% , P = 0,5 h = K.

P pH = 9,26
1P

Khi P = 1 h2 = KC' vi C' = CCo = 0,09375M pH = 5,14.

C + Co
2) p dng cng thc sai s q = (h W) C + Co K vi h W v K
h CCo
K+h
h
q = 0,1% < 0,2% vy MD dng c.
2.14. 1) V = 10 ml T 1 h2 = K1K2C' vi C' = CCo = 2102M pH = 4,86.
K1 + C'
C + Co 3
V = 20 ml TD 2 h2 = K2K3 + WK2 vi C'' = CCo = 5 103M pH = 9,41.
C''
C + 2Co
2) Khi dng pH = 4,4 p dng qI sai s: 1,12%
3) Khi dng pH = 9 p dng qII sai s: 0,7%.
2
2.15. T phng trnh ng chun ca axit 2 nc: P 1 = (W h)V + Vo + 2 K1K2 h
h
CoVo
h + hK1 + K1K2

Ch rng VT1 = 25 ml v VT2 = 50 ml.

Nu V = 20 ml trc T 1 P 1 = hV + Vo + h Vi P = 0,8
CoVo h + K1
Thay s vo K1 = 5,06 103
Nu V = 50 ti T 2 P 2 = W C + 2Co h Vi P = 2
h
CCo
K2
K2 = 2 106.
2.16. 1) iu kin K1/K2 104 khng tho mn khng C ring c.
Do C lun n nc 2: h2 = WK2 C + 2Co pH = 8,34.
CCo
2) h = K2 2 P = 106 P = 1,9817 vy C c 98% k t nc 1.
P1
2.17. Chun n pH = 4,4: C n nc th 1 ca H3PO4
[H+] + [Na+] = [Ac] + [H2PO4] + [OH]
vi h v W khng ng k v [HPO4] v [PO43] khng ng k
h
Gi C1: nng mol ca ax. Axetic v C2: nng ax. H3PO4.
20 01 = K 25C1 + 25C2 thay K = 104,76 v h = 104,4
20 + 25 K + h 20 + 45 20 + 25
2 = 7,59C1 + 25C2

()

Chun n pH = 9 C n nc th 2:
[H+] + [Na+] = [Ac] + 2[HPO42] + [OH] vi h, W khng ng k
h
01 45 = 25C1 + 2 25C2 4,5 = 25C + 50C
()
1
2
25 + 45 25 + 45
70
Gii h () v () C1 = 5,091 102M v C2 = 6,454 102M
2.18. 1) Tnh c VT1= 25 ml, VT2 = 50 ml.
V = 20 ml h = K2 P vi P = CV = 0,8 h = 109,73
CoVo
1P
W
+
K
C'
2
2
V = 25 ml h =
vi C' = CCo h = 108,34.
C + Co
1 + K11C'
V = 30 ml h = K1 P 1 vi P = 1,2 h = 106,95.
2P
V = 50 ml C''= 5 103 < L = 3 102M
p dng: P 2 = h C + 2Co K1 vi P = CV = 2 v h K1
CCo
h + K1
CoVo
h = 104,325.
2
2) q = (h W)C + Co + 2 h K1K2
= 1,76 102 hay 1,76%.
h CCo
h + K1h + K1K2
2.19. Lc PP i mu: Slg NaOH + Slg Na2CO3 = Slg HCl
1,2( x 1 + y 1 ) = 30 0,5 103
()
100 40
100 106
Lc MD i mu: Slg NaOH + Slg Na2CO3 = Slg HCl
1,2( x 1 + y 1 ) = 35 0,5 103
()
100 40
100 53
Gii h x = 41,67% v y = 22,08%.

2.20. Nng dd B (NaOH): C' = 31 02 = 0,248M

25
1) Gi x: s mol NaHCO3 v y s mol Na2CO3 (trong 25 mol dung dch A)
S mol HCl tc dng vi 25 ml dd A: x + 2y = 48 0,2 103 = 0,0096 ()
Sau khi thm 50 ml dung dch B vo 25 ml dung dch A ri trung ho NaOH d bng HCl:
S mol NaOH = x + s mol HCl
50 0,248 103 = x + (25 0,2 103) x = 7,4 103 mol NaHCO3 %NaHCO3 = 82,88%
T () y = 1,1 103 mol Na2CO3 %Na2CO3 = 15,54%.
2) Ta c th xem Na2CO3 (8,5 mmol) b chun bng axit n dd A: gm Na2CO3 (1,1 mmol v NaHCO3 7,4 mmol)
s mmol NaHCO3
Lc P = CV =
= 74 = 0,87
CoVo tng s mmol Na2CO3 ban u 85
Ap dng h = K2 P = 109,5 pH = 9,5
1P
3) Nu C 25 ml dung dch A bng HCl n PP chuyn mu (n NaHCO3):
S lg Na2CO3 = Slg HCl 1,1 = V 0,2 V = 5,5 ml.
2.21. Nhn xt: pH = 7,21 h = 107,21 = K2 2 P P = 1,5
P1
(ngha l C n nc 2 ca H3PO4)
Khi pH = 9,78 pK1 + pK2 = 9,765 C n va ht nc 2 ca H3PO4.
2
Th tch NaOH C c 1 nc H3PO4: 5 2 = 10 ml.
Suy ra th tch NaOH C va ht H2SO4: 15 5 10 = 10 ml.
C (H3PO4) = 10 01 = 0,2M v C (H2SO4) = 01 10 = 0,1M.
5
52
Trung ho hon ton 5 ml dung dch hn hp H3PO4 v H2SO4 (ngha l n nc 3 H3PO4)
Ta c: V 0,1 = (0,1 2 5) + (0,2 3 5) V = 40 ml.
2.22. S mol H3PO4: 0,025 0,4 = 0,01 mol. S mol Na3PO4: 0,03 0,5 = 0,015 mol.
Xt t l f = s mol H3PO4 = 0,667 0,5 < f < 2 , ta c phn ng:
s mol Na3PO4
H3PO4 + 2Na3PO4 3Na2HPO4
2H3PO4 + Na3PO4 3NaH2PO4
a-----------2a--------------------3a
b-----------0,5b------------------1,5b
nH PO = a + b = 0,02 v nNa PO = 2a + 0,5b = 0,015 a = 002 v b = 001
3
4
3
4
3
3
nNa HPO = 3a = 0,02 mol v nNaH PO = 1,5b = 0,005 mol
2

Nu C n MD chuyn mu cn V ml HCl: 0,02 = 0,1V V = 200 ml

Nu C n PP chuyn mu cn V' ml NaOH: 0,005 = 0,1V' V' = 50 ml

EoFe + 5EoMn
= 1,37V
6
2) Dng C E = 0,83 V < 1,37 V trc T, thiu C
o
Dng E = EFe + 0,059lg P P = 0,99714 q = P 1 = 0,00286 hay 0,286%
1P
o
3.2. 1) C thiu 0,2%: E = EU + 0059lg P vi P = 0,998 E = 0,414 V
2
1P
o
o
2E + ECe
C n T: E = U
= 0,703V
3
3.1. 1) ET =

C n qu 0,2% : E = ECe + 0,059 lg(1 P) vi P = 1,002 E = 1,280 V

o
2) Dng th 0,42 V < 0,703V trc T: E = EU + 0059lg P P = 0,9988
2
1P
NV
P=
= 0,9988 V = 39,95 ml.
NoVo
o

Dng th 1,27V > 0,703 V sau T: E = ECe + 0,059 lg(1 P) P = 1,0013

P = NV = 1,0013 V = 40,052 ml
NoVo
3.3. 1) T 2 bn phn ng: Fe3+ + 1e

Fe2+

K1 = 10 EFe/0,059

Ti3+ + H2O e
TiO2+ + 2H+
K2 = 10ETi/0059
11,36
Phn ng C c K = K1K2 = 10
o
EFe + EoTi
2) Tnh VT = 50 ml v ET =
= 0,435V
2
3+
o
Theo E = EFe + 0,059lg[Fe2+] vi [Fe2+] = 005 20 = 1 thay vo biu thc E [Fe3+] = 107,52
[Fe ]
20 + 50 70
o
3) Dng E = 0,330 V < ET qu C, ta dng E = ETi + 0,059lg 1 P 1 v V 50 ml
P1
144
+
068
3.4. ET =
= 1,06V
2
* q = 0,001 P = 0,999

3+
o
o
p dng E = EFe + 0,059log[Fe2+] = EFe + 0,059log P = 0,857 V
[Fe ]
1P
* q = +0,001 P = 1,001
o

p dng E = ECe + 0,059log(P 1) = 1,263v

BNC: 0,857 1,263V: Chn Feroin chuyn mu r th 1,12V t sang xanh nht.
o

3.5. Chun c 50% (P = 0,5): E = ESn + 0059log P = 0,15V

2
1P
o
0059
Chun c 90% (P = 0,9): E = ESn +
log P = 0,178V
2
1P
o

EFe 2ESn

C c 100% (P = 1): ET =

= 0,3567V

C n 110% (P = 1,1): E = EFe + 0,059log(P 1) = 0,711V.

Au3+ + 3I
AuI + I2
a----------------------------a mol
2Cu2+ + 4I
2CuI + I2
b------------------------------0,5b mol

2
I2 + 2S2O32
2I + S4O6
S mol I2 = a + 0,5b = S mol S2O32 = 0,5(0,076132,7103) = 1,2442.103
Hay : 2a + b = 2,4884.103
()
Ngoi ra khi lng mu hp kim: 197a + 64b = 0,1676
()
a = 1,2090.104 mol v b = 2,2466.103 mol
%Au = 14,221%.
3.7. Gi x: % khi lng H2C2O4.2H2O (M = 126)
y: % khi lng KHC2O4.H2O (M = 146)
Vi php chun axit baz: Slg NaOH = Slg H2C2O4.2H2O + Slg KHC2O4.H2O
43,1 0,125.103 = ( x 12 ) + ( y 12 )
()
100 126
100 146
2
Vi php chun oxi ha kh:Slg KMnO4 = Slg H2C2O4.2H2O + Slg KHC2O4.H2O
43,1 0,125.103 = ( x 12 ) + ( y 12 )
()
100 126
100 146
2
2
Gii h () v () x = 14,37 v y = 81,57.
3.6.

3.8. Phn ng oxi ha Cr3+ thnh Cr2 O7 :

2

S2 O 8 + 2e
2 SO4

+
2Cr3+ + 7H2O 6e
Cr2 O7 +14H
2
+
3 S2 O 8 + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
6 SO4 + Cr2 O7 + 14H
2

Slg Cr3+ = Slg Cr2 O7 = Slg Fe2+ (ly d) S lg KMnO4 (C FeSO4 tha)
( x 2 ) 20 = (35 15) 0,009 5 105.
100 52 100
3
x = 3,9%.
3.9. Gi a: s mol BaCO3 = s mol Ba2+
K Cr O

H+

2
2 7
2Ba2+
2BaCrO4 2Ba2+ + Cr2 O7
a--------------------------------------------------0,5a

3+
Cr2 O7 + 6I + 14H+
2Cr + 3I2 + 7H2O

0,5a-------------------------------------1,5a
2

I2 + 2 S2 O 3
2I + S4 O 6
1,5a-----3a 3a = 0,1013 38,68 103

3
a = 1,306 103 %Ba = 1306 10 137 100% = 34,95%
0512
3.10. Gi x: s mol PbO v y: s mol PbO2
PbO + H2C2O4 PbC2O4 + H2O
(1)
x----------x-----------------x
PbO2 + 2H2C2O4 PbC2O4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O
(2)
y----------2y--------------- ----y
5H2C2O4 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 2MnSO4 + 10CO2 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
(3)
3
3 5
S mol H2C2O4 tham gia (1) v (2): x + 2y = 20.0,25.10 10.0,04.10 .
2
Hay x + 2y = 4.103
()
Khi ha tan kt ta PbC2O4 ta thu c H2C2O4 s mol:
x + y = 5 30.0,04.103 = 3.103
()
2
Gii h () v () x = 2.103 v y = 103 mol

%PbO = 2.103.223 100% = 36,14%

1234
3
100%
%PbO2 = 10 .239
= 19,36%.
1234
3.11. Pb2O3 + 6HCl 2PbCl2 + Cl2 + 3H2O
x-----------------------------------x
Pb3O4 + 8HCl 3PbCl2 + Cl2 + 4H2O
y-----------------------------------y
2

Pb2O3 2Pb2+ 2PbCrO4 Cr2 O7

x---------------------------------------------------------x

Pb3O4 3Pb3+ 3PbCrO4 1,5 Cr2 O7

y------------------------------------------------------------1,5y
2

3+
Cr2 O7 + 6I + 14H+
2Cr + 3I2 + 7H2O

(x + 1,5y)---------------------------(3x + 4,5y)
2

I2 + 2 S2 O 3
2I + S4 O 6
2

S mol S2 O 3 = 2.S mol I2 = 2(3x + 4,5y) = 35,04.103.0,2

Hay: 6x + 9y = 7,008.103
()

Ngoi ra: Cl2 + 2I

I2 + 2Cl
(x + y)---------(x + y)
2

S mol S2 O 3 = 2(x + y) = 9,36.103.0,2

Hay: x + y = 9,36.104
()
Gii h () v () x = 4,72.104 v y = 4,64.104
%Pb2O3 = 462x100% = 36,33%
06
685y
%Pb3O4 =
100% = 52,96%.
06
3.12. Tnh c VT = 100 ml
u BNC: q = 0,001 v V = 99,9 ml
3+
o
E = EFe + 0,059log[Fe2+] Vi [Fe3+] = 001 999 + 001 100 = 1999
1999
1999
1999
[Fe ]
Fe3+ sinh ra Fe3+ c sn
V [Fe2+] = 001 01 = 0001
1999
1999
1999
E = 0,68 + 0,059log
= 0,875V
0001
Cui BNC: Vc = 100,1 ml v P = 1,001
o

E = ECe + 0,059log(P 1) = 1,263V.

3.13. Nu cho qua ct kh Ag (trong dd HCl 1M), xy ra:
2+
Fe3+ + Ag + Cl
Fe + AgCl
2+
VO2+ + Ag + 2H+ + Cl
VO + H2O
Khi chun dung dch thu c bng Ce4+ th Fe2+ Fe3+ v VO2+ VO2+
S mol Ce4+ = S mol Fe2+ + S mol VO2+
8,86.103.0,2 = x + y
Hay x + y = 1.772.103
()
Nu cho qua ct kh Zn (H2SO4 1N) :
2+
2+
2Fe3+ + Zn
2Fe + Zn
+
+
2+
2+
2VO2 + 3Zn + 8H
2V + 3Zn + 4H2O
Chun bng Ce4+ th Fe2+ Fe3+ v V2+ VO2+
S lg Ce4+ = S lgFe2+ + Slg VO2+
22.103.0,2 = x + 3y
()
Gii h () v () cho x = 4,58.104 v y = 1,314.103
4
%Fe = 200 458 10 56 100% = 20,52%
50
05
3
200
1314

10
51 100% = 53,6%.
%V =

50
05
+
3+
3+
6Fe2+ + Cr2O2
7 + 14H
6Fe + 2Cr + 7H2O
o
3+
27 ] (chp nhn [H+] = 1)
Ta c: ETD = E Fe + 6E Cr + 0059lg[Fe2+][Cr2O
7
7
[Fe ] [Cr3+]2

3.14. Phn ng:

Ti T: 6[Cr2O7 ] + 3[Cr3+] = [Fe3+] + [Fe2+] m 3[Cr3+] = [Fe3+]

2

Nn suy ra: 6[Cr2O7 ] = [Fe2+], thay vo biu thc sau log:

[Fe3+][Cr2O72-] = 3[Cr3+] [Cr2O72-] = 1
3+ 2
2
[Fe2+] [Cr3+]2
2[Cr3+]
6[Cr O ] [Cr ]
2

o
o
Vy ET = E Fe + 6E Cr + 0059lg 1 3+ = 1(EoFe + 6EoCr 0018lg[Cr3+])
7
7
2[Cr ] 7

3+
VTD = 01 100 = 100 ml [Cr3+] = [Fe ] = 1 NoVo = 01 100 = 01
3
3 V+Vo 3 200
6
01
Thay vo ETD = 1,249 volt.
Nu dng E = 1 volt: trc T E = EoFe + 0,059lg P = EoFe + 0,059lgq+1
-q
1P
q = 3,77.104%
Nu dng E = 1,3 volt sau T
227 ] = Eo + 0059lg 1
E = EoCr + 0059lg[Cr2O
+ 0059lg [Cr2O3+7 ] (1)
Cr
3+ 2
3+
6
[Cr ]
6
[Cr ]
6
[Cr ]
2
NV
3+
Ta c: 6[Cr2O7 ] + 3[Cr ] =
V+Vo
3+
3+
Sau T: 3[Cr ] = [Fe ] = NoVo [Cr3+] = NoVo 01
V+Vo
3(V+Vo) 6
2
2
NV

N
V
1
NV
NoVo
o
o
V 6[Cr2O7 ] =
[Cr2O7 ] =
V+Vo
6
V+Vo
2Vy [Cr2O3+7 ] = 1NV NoVo = P 1 = q
[Cr ]
2
NoVo
2
2
0059
Thay vo biu thc (1): E = 1,33 +
lg 6 + 0059lgq q = 2,965 105 hay 2,965 103%
6
6
2
01

3.15. Vi q = 0,2% = 0,002 P = 0,998 trc T

E = EoA + 006lg P = EoIn 006
nA 1 P
n
o
o
006
0998
006
=E A+
lg
= E In
EoA = EoIn 006 0062,698
nA 0002
n
n
nA
Vi q = + 0,2% = 0,002 P = 1,002: sau TD
E = EoB + 006lg(P 1) = EoIn + 006 EoB = EoIn + 006 + 0062,698
nB
n
n
nB
2
2698
2698
o
o
Ly hiu s (2) v (1): E B E A = 0,06( +
+
)
n
nA
nB
4.1. 1)a Ti im tng ng: [Ag+] = [Br] = T = 10123 = 106,15
[ CrO24 ] =

TAg CrO
2

[Ag ]

10

11,7

10

12,3

10

0,6

(1)

(2)

3,98M

1
7,5
b. Xt : CrO42 + H2O
HCrO4 + OH WK = 10
3
C 2.10
[ ] (2.103 x)--------------x---------x
x = 7,94.106 2.103 nn [CrO42] = 2.103M.

Khi kt thc chun : [Ag+] =

TAg CrO
2

[CrO 4 ]

10

11,7

2.10

10

4,5

so vi [Ag+]T qu C

T )C + Co = 104,5. 001 + 005 = 102,42

[Ag+] CCo
001.005
q = 3,8.103 = 0,38%.

p dng: q = ([Ag+]

2) u BNC: q = -0,001 = (m T )C + Co Vi m T
m CCo
m
123
10
001
+
005
=-0,001 =

m = 107,22 pAg = 7,22

m
001.005
Cui BNC: pAg = 12,3 7,22 = 5,08
Vy BNC: t pAg = 7,22 n pAg = 5,08
4.2. T cng thc sai s: q = ( T m) C + Co Vi m = [Pb2+]
m
CCo
T
Trc im tng ng: m m 005 + 001 = 0,001 m = 8,333.106
m
005.001
[ CrO24 ] =
[Ag+] =

TPbCrO
2

[Pb ]

10
10

12

8,92

10
10

10

14

5,079

1,54

10

8,92

= 2,88.102M

0,06
Sau im tng ng: m T T
= 0,001 T = [ CrO24 ] = 105,079
m m 0,0005
m

[Ag+] =
4.3.

10
10

12

5,079

= 3,46.104M.

Ag+ + SCN
T = 1012
AgSCN
3
Co = CAgNO = 001 55 = 5,5.10 M
; C = CSCN = 0,01M
3
100

Cng thc sai s: q = ([SCN]* [Ag+])C + Co , trong [SCN]* = [SCN] + [Fe(SCN)2+]

CCo
2+
Ta cn phi tm [Ag+]. T cn bng: Fe3+ + SCN
= 103,03
Fe(SCN )
3
6
[ ]:
5.10 ----x---------------6.10
x = 1,12.106
12
[Ag+] = T = 10 6 = 8,93.107 M
[SCN ] 112.10
V [SCN]* = [SCN] + [Fe(SCN)2+] = 1,12.106 + 6.106 = 7,12.106M
3
Vi q = ([SCN]* [Ag+])C + Co = (7,12.106 8,93.107) 001 + 55.103 = 1,754.103
CCo
001.55.10
Hay q = 0,18%.
+

4.4. Ag+ + Cl
AgCl v Ag + SCN
AgSCN
+

S mol Ag = S mol Cl + S mol SCN (p)

(500,021)103 = (1000,009).103 + a
(vi a: s mol SCN phn ng)
a = 0,15.103 mol [SCN]d =

(0,6 0,15)10

163

3
10 2,7610 M

AgCl + SCN
102
AgSCN + Cl
3
C
2,76.10
[ ]
(2,76.103 x)---------------x
x = 2,73.103 v [SCN] = 3.105M
Tnh li nng CFe3+ = 11 = 6,13.103M
163
Xt cn bng: Fe3+
+
SCN
Fe(SCN)2+ = 103,03
3
5
C
6,13.10 ------------------3.10
[ ] (6,13.103 3.105 + x)-----x-------------(3.105 x)
x = 3,98.106
[Fe(SCN)2+] = 3.105 3,98.106 = 2,602.105 > 6.106 : Vy c mu xut hin
4.5. S lg Ag+ = S lg IO3 + S lg SCN
50 0,1 = 50Co + 30.0,1 Co = 0,04M
q = ([SCN]* [Ag+])C + Co vi [SCN]* = [SCN] + [Fe(SCN)2+]
CCo
T Fe3+ + SCN
Fe(SCN)2+
= 103,03
3
6
T
[ ] 5.10
x
6.10 . LTDKL cho x = 1,12.106 v [Ag+] =
= 8,93.107
112.106
[SCN]* = [SCN] + [Fe(SCN)2+] = 1,12.106 + 6.106 = 7,12.106
3
Tnh li nng u Ag+ : Co = 300110 1000 = 0,03M (s mol Ag+ d = s mol SCN)
100
Vy: q = (7,12 106 8,93 107)003 + 01 = 2,7 104 hay 0,027%.
003 01
2
25No 8 N
2+
4.6. 1) S lg Fe = S lg Cr2O7
=
vi N = 6CM = 0,6M No = CFe2+ = 0,192M
1000
1000
Chun Cl: S lg Ag+ = S lg Cl S lg SCN
25 No = (100 0,16) (25 0,12) No = CCl = 0,52 M

2) Nu ch c (FeCl2 cha b oxi ho): CCl = 2CFe2+ = 0,52 CFe2+ = 0,29 M

0068 100
Fe2+ b oxi ho thnh Fe3+:
= 26,15%
026
2

3) T 2 biu thc Nernst ca cp Fe3+/Fe2+ v Cr2O7 /Cr3+ ta c:

3+
27 ] (chp nhn [H+] = 1)
7ET = EoFe + 6EoCr + 0,059lg [Fe2+][Cr2O
3+ 2
[Fe ] [Cr ]
2

Ti T: 6[Cr2O7 ] + 3[Cr3+] = [Fe3+] + [Fe2+] m 3[Cr3+] = [Fe3+]

2

Nn suy ra: 6[Cr2O7 ] = [Fe2+], thay vo biu thc sau log:

[Fe3+][Cr2O72-] = 3[Cr3+] [Cr2O72-] = 1
3+ 2
2
[Fe2+] [Cr3+]2
2[Cr3+]
6[Cr O ] [Cr ]
2

o
o
Vy ET = E Fe + 6E Cr + 0069lg 1 3+
7
7
2[Cr ]

4.7. S lg NaCl + S lg KCl = S lg AgNO3 S lg NH4SCN

( a 60 ) + ( a 37 ) = 25 0,1 103 5,5 0,1 103 a = 0,128 gam.
585 100
745 100
4.8. 1) Chun bng HCl: S lg NH3 = S lg HCl
C 25 103 = 0,1 15 103 CNH3 = 0,06M
Xc nh NH4Cl : xc nh Cl
S lg AgNO3 = S lg SCN + S lg Cl(NH4Cl) + s lg HCl (tc dng NH3)
60 0,1 103 = (18 0,2 103) + (C 25 103) + (15 0,1 103) C = 0,036M
2) Sau khi tnh s b mi trng mi trng baz
+

Ta c: NH3 + H2O
WK1 = 104,74
NH4 + OH
C
0,06
0,036

[ ]
0,06 x
(0,036 + x) x
p dng L tc dng khi lng: vi k x 0,036 x = 104,52 = [OH]
h = [H+] = 109,48 pH = 9,48
3) Ti T: h l NH4Cl nng C1. Th tch ti im tng ng: 25 + 15 = 40 ml
Vy C1 = (0,06 + 0,036)25 = 0,06M
40
+
+
Xt cn bng: NH4
K = 109,26
NH3 + H
[ ] (0,06 x)
x
x LTDKL x = 105,24 pH = 5,24: Dng metyl .
4.9. 1) Gi x: % NaOH v y: % NaCl
S lg NaOH = S lg HCl x 67 25 = 22.0,5.103 x = 65,67%
100 40 250
S lg AgNO3 = S lg Cl + S lg SCN
35 0,11 103 = ( y 67 25 ) + (4,7 0,095 103) y = 29,70%
100 585 250
Nng NaOH trong dung dch B: CM = 22 0,5 103 1000 = 0,44M pH = 13,64
250
W
C
+
C
W
o pH = 10 h
2) q = (h )
h CCo
h
14
W
C
+
C
10
05
+
044
o
=
= 10
= 4,27.104 q = 0,043%
h
CCo
10
05 + 044
3) Mi trng qu kim khng chun bng Mohr c.
4.10 1) Khi MD chuyn mu pT 4 (T 2)
S lg Na2CO3 = S lg HCl
25 m = 0,2 20,5 103 m = 2,173 gam % Na CO = 2173 100% = 62,08%
2
3
250 106
35
2
S lg AgNO3 = S lg NaCl + S lg HCl (mi thm)
30,5 0,2 103 = 25 m + (0,2 20,5 103) m = 1,17 g. %NaCl = 117100% = 33,43%.
250 585
35
+
CV
2) CAg+ =
= [Ag ] + mAgCl + 2mAg2CrO4 (1)
(m: s mol trong 1 lt dung dch)
V + Vo
CCl = CoVo = [Cl] + mAgCl
(2)
V + Vo
Ly (1) tr (2) : CV CoVo = ([Ag+] [Cl] + 2mAg2CrO4 )
V + Vo
Suy ra: q = ([Ag+] [Cl] + 2mAg2CrO4 )C + Co
CCo
Vi Co (Cl) : bao gm Cl trong NaCl v Cl trong HCl mi thm
3
Co = (305 0,2 10 ) 1000 = 0,1341M v C = CAg+ = 0,2M
455
575

107 1000 = 7,565 106

mAg2CrO4 =
455 + 305
[CrO42-] = (5 103) (7,565 106) = 5 103
1012 = 1,414 105 v [Cl] =
1010
[Ag+] =
= 7,07 106
5.103
1414 105
Thay vo biu thc q q = 0,027%
Bi 4.11 gii ti lp (phn l thuyt)
50.0 01
5.1. Ti im tng ng: VT =
= 25 ml
0 02
Khi V = 24,9 ml < VT : T phng trnh ng C rt ra:
Vo + V
0 02.24 9
[Sr]*
= P 1 vi P =
= 0,996 [Sr]* = 2,67.105
CoVo
0 01.50
1
1
5
pH = 10 : Sr =
=
13 18
10 1 [Sr] = [Sr]* = 2,67.10 pSr = 4,57
1 + h1 1 + 10 .10
Khi V = 25 ml : ti im tng ng [Sr] =

CCo
1
C + Co *

2 . 102 . 108 18 = 105,18

Vi * = . Sr . Y = 108,63 . 1 . K4 = 108,18 [Sr] =
h + K4
3
pSr = 5,18
CV 0 02 . 25 1
1
Khi V = 25,1 ml qu chun . p dng :
= P 1 vi P =
=
= 1,004
C
oVo
0 01.50
*[Sr]*
[Sr]* = 8 18 1
= 105,78 pSr = 5,78
10 . 0 004
K4
1
1
5.2. Tnh *CaY : Ca =
=
Y =
0,994
12 5
12 5 = 0,5 ;
1
h
+ K4
1 + h 1 + 10 .10
*CaY = CaY . Ca . Y = 1010,27

K2
1013 5
=
= 1 ;
*CaIn = CaIn . Ca . In = 103,96
h + K2 1012 5 + 1013 5 11
Ta c : *CaIn = [CaIn] = 1 [Ca]* = 103,96 = m*
[Ca]*[In]* [Ca]*
2
1 ( 1 + m*)(C + Co ) =
1
p dng cng thc sai s: q =
(103,96 2.104 )
1027
3 96
CCo
10
*m*
*
10
.10
Tnh *CaIn : In =

nh

K4
1
1
1
=
12 5
10 = 0,9968 v Y = h + K =
4
2 82
1 + h1 1 + 10 .10
*CaY = .Ca.Y = 1010,57.0,9968. 1 = 1010,12
2 82

5.3. Ca =

Ti im tng ng: [Ca]* =

*CaIn =

1 . CCo =
*CaY C + Co

1 5.103 = 106,21
1010 12

[CaIn] = 1 1 = 106,21
[Ca]*[In]* [Ca]*

q = 2,19%
1
1
5.4. Mg =
=
= 1 ; Y = K4 = 0,355 = 1
h + K4
1 + h1 1 + 10117.1010 102
282
11 6
K
10

3
In =
=
= 0,0245
h + K3 1010 + 10116
*MgY = .Mg.Y = 108,7 . 1 .0,355 = 108,24
102
1
7
*MgIn = 10 .
. 0,0245 = 105,38
102
*MgIn =

[MgIn] = 1 1 = 105,38 [Mg]* = 1 105,38 = 106,33

[Mg]*[In]* [Mg]* 9
9

Thay [Mg]* vo cng thc tnh sai s:

q = 1 ( 1 + m*)(C + Co ) = 824 1 633 106,33. 001 + 002 = 0,01223
CCo
*m*
*
10 .10
001.002
nh

nh

hay q = 1,26%

3K4
5.5.Cc gi tr : M =1 ;Y = K
= 106,45 ; In = K2 = 0,01
h2 + K3h
h + K2
*MY = MY.M.Y = 1018.1.106,45 = 1011,55
*MIn = MIn .M.Y = 6,25 1010 .1. 0,01 = 108,795
T cng thc: *MIn = 1 [MIn] = 108,795 [M]* = 108,795
[M]* [In]
C + Co
1
Cng thc sai s: q =
[M]*
=
CCo
*MY.[M]*
0 01 + 0 01
= 11 55 1 8 795 108,795
= 0,175%
10
.10
0 01.0 01
+

[NH4 ]
0 182
= 109,26.
= 109 pH = 9
[NH3]
01
1
Tnh Zn =
= 7,94.106 v Y = K4 = 0,0521
1 + K4
1 + i[NH3]i
Vy *ZnY = 1016,5.7,94.106.5,21.102 = 1010,12
Ta c VT = VoCo = 1 ml
C
Vi im quan trng trn ng cong chun :
V = 0,5 ml (P = 0,5) pZn = 8,4
V = 1 ml (P = 1) pZn = 11,66
V = 1,3 ml (P = 1,2) pZn = 14,52
Ln cn im tng ng: cn gii phng trnh bc 2:
1
[Zn]* Vo + V = P 1
CoVo
*[Zn]*
Khi P = 0,999 pZn = 10,07 v P = 1,001 pZn = 12,25.

5.6. Tnh pH dung dch m: h = KNH4+ .

5.7.1. Chun c 50% : S lg EDTA = 1 s lg MnSO4

2
V 0 02 1 100 0 01
=
V = 25 ml
1000
2
1000
Chun n im tng ng : VT = 50 ml
Chun n pMn = 5: Ta so snh vi pMn ti im tng ng xc nh im dng chun trc hoc sau im tng ng.
*(MnY) = MnY Mn Y = 1013,8.1. K4 = 1013,8.0,0521 = 1012,52
h + K4
1 CCo =
1
2 104 = 107,35
12 52
10
* C + Co
3 102
pMn = pMn* = 7,35
Nhn xt: Khi dng chun pMn = 5 trc im tng ng
Ti im tng ng: [Mn]* =

Ta p dng: [Mn]* = (1 p)

CoVo
CV
CV
CV
105 = o o
o o
V + Vo
V + Vo CoVo V + Vo
CoVo CV 100.0 01 0 02.V
105 =
=
V + Vo
V + 100

V = 49,93 ml
Chun n pMn = 9:im dng chun sau im tng ng.
CV
1
1
Ta p dng:
=P1
=
1
C
oVo
*[Mn]*
*[Mn]*
12 521
= 002.V 1 V = 50,015 ml
10 .109 0 01.100
2. Sai s khi chun n pMn = 5 :
2
5 3.10
q = 12 521
= 102,82 = 1,51.105 hay 0,15%
5 10 .
10 .10
2.104
3. pMn ti im tng ng c tnh trn.
2+
5.8. Ga3+ + MgY2-
GaY + Mg K
2+
22+
Mg + H2Y
MgY + 2H
-1
20,3
8,7
K = GaY.(MgY) = 10 .10 = 1011,6 : rt ln
S mol Ga3+ = s mol Mg2+ = s mol EDTA
m = 5,91 103 0,0701 m = 28,88 mg Ga
69 72

5.9. S lg M2+ = S lg EDTA = 31,63 103 0,01204 2 = 0,7616 103 lg

0 7616 103 1000
cng =
= 0,0152 lg/l
50
Ghi ch: Mt n v cng = 0,5mmol/l (Ca2+, Mg2+) hay 1 lg/l
Nc c cng 1,5 4 n v : nc mm; 4 8 v : nc cng trung bnh;
> 8 v: nc cng.
5.10.Gi s nng ca Mg2+ l 103M th COH - bt u kt ta =

V nng ca Ca2+ l 103M th COH - bt u kt ta =

1010 95
= 103,97
103
pH = 10,03
105 26
= 101,13
103
pH = 12,87

Suy ra pH = 9,3 c hai ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ u cha kt ta

Nu dng Ecriocrom en T ch th pH = 9,3 th chun c 2 ion Ca 2+ v Mg2+
S lg Ca2+ + S lg Mg2+ = S lg EDTA
20 [( x 0 5021) + ( y 0 5021)] = 13,5 0,015 2 103
(I)
500 100 100
100 84
2

pH = 11,5 Mg(OH)2 kt ta hon ton v Ca2+ cha kt ta

Dng Murexit pH = 11,5 ch chun Ca2+
S lg Ca2+ = S lg EDTA
20 ( x 0 5021) = 9,4 0,015 2 103
500 100 100

(II)

Gii (I) v (II) x = 70,2% CaCO3 v y = 25,72% MgCO3

5.12.Nng mol Cu2+: Co.100 = 0,1 10 Co = 0,01M
+
[NH4 ]
pH ca dung dch m: h = K.
= 109,24 0 0026 = 1011,4 pH = 11,4
0 38
[NH3]
Cu =

K4
1010 26
1
= 1010,4 ; Y = h + K =
= 100,03
11
4
4
10 4 + 1010 26
1 + 1[NH3] + + 4[NH3]

*(Cu-Y) = 1018,8. 1010,4. 100,03 = 108,37

; In = K33K4K5 2 = 103,55
h + K3h

*(Cu-In) = 1017,9. 1010,4. 103,55 = 103,95

1
Vi *(Cu-In) = [CuIn] [Cu]* = m* =
9 = 103,95 9 = 103
[Cu]*.[In]*
*(Cu-In)
1
Sai s chun : q =
m*. C + Co = - 0,11 hay 11%
CCo
*(Cu-Y). m*
(0 023 50 0 016 38)
= 2,17 102 M
25
5.11. 1) Tnh * ca AlY v FeY :
CAl3+ =

pH = 2:
K1K2K3K4
1021 09
=
= 1013,42
2
h + K1h + K1K2h + K1K2K3h + K1K2K3K4 2 14 108
rt b
1
1
1
Fe =
= 1
Al =
=
5
21
1
1 + h 1 676
1 + 'h1 1 + 10 .10
Y =

1 .1013,42 = 1011,46
1 676
*AlY = AlY.Al.Y = 1016,13.1. 1013,42 = 102,71
*FeY = FeY.Fe.Y = 1025,1.

pH = 5:
1016 42
3K4
Y = K
=
= 106,45
2
h + K3h 1010 + 1011 16
1
1
1
1
1
2,83
Fe =
=
Al =
=
2 17
5 = 10
5
5=
1 + h1 1 + 10 .10
1 + 'h1 1 + 10 .10 2
*FeY = FeY.Fe.Y = 1025,1. 102,83. 106,45 = 1015,82
*AlY = AlY.Al.Y = 1016,13.1. 1 . 106,45 = 109,38
2
2) pH = 2 ch chun c Fe3+ :
0 023 29 6
CFe3+ =
= 2,723 102 M
25
pH = 5, *AlY ln nn c th chun c bng EDTA
CAl3+ = (50.0,023 38.0,016) = 2,17 102M = 0,0217M
25