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Charged particles:
Low energy electrons, high energy electrons, heavy ions
Neutrons:
Cold neutrons, Thermal neutrons, Fast neutrons
For solar
radiation
Solar constant
1395 w/m2
Radiometer
with thermopile sensor
Compensate
Temperature drift
By the differential input
Focussing intensity
Noise reduction
By lockin chopper frequency
Calibrate before taking data
To avoid loss of
Diffuse scattering
Detectors:
Specifications:
Spatial resolution, energy resolution, time
resolution, dynamic range of counting rate,
dynamic range of energy, dynamics of area,
sensitivity, efficiency, detector dead time,
radiation damage, cost.
Q=0.763 MeV
Q= 200 MeV for fission products
27
10B,
g)
198
Reactor Instrumentation
CIC (Compensated Ion Chamber)
31
Reactor Instrumentation
103Rh
32
dP
g ( P B)
dt
Larmor precession
Neutron Spin-echo
Spectrometer
Several neV energy resolution
Detectors:
Specifications:
Spatial resolution, energy resolution, time
resolution, dynamic range of counting rate,
dynamic range of energy, dynamics of area,
sensitivity, efficiency, detector ded time, radiation
damage, cost.
Multi-wire detector
Imaging Plate
Textures Scintillator
Density contrast
Phase contrast
x
TOMOGRAPHY
100 nm
Imaging
good penetration
sT=(21552)1/2/tT
sb=(1850)1/2/tb
ss=(sT2+sb2)1/2
N
1
10
100
100% error
100 %
10 %
1%
Background
Error propagation
59
60
Chapter 12
Nuclear Radiation Measurement
Any questions?