Increasing COP of AC

Abstract
This paper presents the analytical method for increasing the performance of air conditioner using
a binary mixture of two refrigerant R152a and R134a. The two refrigerant are non toxic and
environmental friendly (zero ODP and low GWP) and also suitable for safety purpose.
Temperature composition diagram and enthalpy composition diagram of the above binary
mixture of R152a and R134a are calculated at 5 bar and 15 bar which is our operating pressure of
evaporator and condenser respectively. Then calculation of coefficient of performance (COP) of
air-conditioner is done by varying the compositions of our binary mixture. The COP calculation
is done for same AMTD in order to maintain condenser and evaporator size same as the size of
air-conditioning machine is not changed.
The most suitable composition of this binary mixture is hence calculated for which the
COP and power saving will be maximum in respect to R134a for same AMTD design.
Introduction
With the atmospheric threat such as ozone layer depletion and green house effect to the earth
environment hydro chlorofluorocarbons (most notably HCFC-22) gained in popularity in early
1974. While HCFCs were still damaging to the ozone layer, but much less so than CFCs. HCFCs
and HCFC mixtures were developed that could serve as drop-in replacements for most of the
CFCs in use. However, the excitement over HCFCs was short-lived, as the Vienna Convention of
1995 not only accelerated the HCFC-reduction timetable, but also required that their production
effectively cease by 2020, with a complete cessation by 2030. Japan and some European
countries have established cut-off dates that begin much earlier. In Switzerland, for example,
these are banned by 2005.
Once again, replacement refrigerants need to be found, but this time there are no obvious
solutions. While some single component refrigerants present no obvious solutions. While some
single component refrigerants present reduced-performance possibilities, the solution appears to
lie with synthetic mixtures. These mixtures may be azeotropic, near aezeotropic, or zeotropic.
Selecting A Suitable Refrigerants

As most of the refrigerants, solvents, and other industrial chemicals that contain Chlorine (Cl),
including CFCs, and HCFCs are being phased out. When these substances are released into the
atmosphere, the chlorine they contain interacts with the earths ozone layer, and causes its
depletion. This depletion reduces the protection from the suns ultra violet radiations that the
ozone layer provides, and can cause crop failures, skin cancers and other hazards.
Also of concern is a global warming effect caused by the release of these substances. There are
indications that global warming has caused stratospheric cooling, which makes chlorine even
more effective and depleting the ozone layer.
Selecting a Suitable Refrigerants

As refrigerants with chlorine atoms have undesirable impacts on the environment and there are
also many undesirable impacts on environment and there are also many undesirable factors
related to them. So CFCs and HCFCs must be phased out. So the substitute or alternative for
these must be developed and used in refrigeration. Some refrigerants manufacturer have
developed interim refrigerant blend that can be used without making any changes to existing
machinery.
To select a replacement refrigerant, there are many variables to understand:
(a) The environmental impact including Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Global Warming
Potential (GWP), and Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) ratings.
(b) Safety and health issues regarding toxicity and exposure limits and flammability.
(c) Chemical behavior.
(d) Refrigeration capacity and relative efficiency.
Ideally an alternative refrigerant would have zero or low ODP, low direct GWP.
When selecting a refrigerant it is important to consider how well suited the refrigerant is to
its application including operating temperatures, where and how it will be used.
Refrigerant safety is an issue in terms of toxicity and flammability. For any application, new
refrigerant must be used safely.
Safety Classifications: Refrigerants are classified into safety groups by using a

combination of letters A and B (for toxicity) and the numbers 1, 2, 3 (for flammability).
Class A: signifies refrigerants which are non toxic at concentration less than equal to
400particle per mole (ppm).
Class B: refrigerants are toxic at levels below 400 ppm.
Class 1: indicates no flame propagation.

Class 2: has a low flammability limit.
Class 3: are highly flammable.
Examples of each safety classifications

A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
Nearly all commercial refrigerants incl. R-12, R-502, R-22, R-134a

R-152a, R-142b
R-290 (propane)
R-123
R-717 (ammonia)
Vinyl chloride
So by considering all of the above discussed factors for selecting a suitable refrigerant we
have a choice of refrigerant mixture of R-134a and R-152a of class A1 and class A2.
Favorable factors related to R-134a and R-152a:

R-134a
R-152a
Non-flammable.
Evaporator pressure positive.
Discharge and winding temperature lower than R-12.
Zero GWP.
Energy consumption lower than R-134a.
Lower starting torque motor required in comparison to R-134a.
Properties related to R-134a and R-152a:

Refrigerant
Chemical formula
Category
NBP (C)
Flammability
P0 at 5C (bar)
Pk at 40C (bar)
R-134a
CF3CH2F
HFC
-26.15
Non flammable
3.5
10.167
R-152a
CH3CHF2
HFC
-24.15
Slightly flammable
3.149
9.092
Temperature composition diagram for R-152a/R-134a mixture

Molecular masses (M)R-152a = 66.05 and (M)R-134a = 102.03
Let the subscripts 1 and 2 denote R-152a and R-134a respectively.
At 15 bar, t1sat = 60C, and t2sat = 55.2C.
So the bubble temperature will vary between 55.2C and 60C.
We have done calculations for 55.6C, 56C, 56.4C, 56.8C, 57.2C, 57.6C, 58C, 58.4C,
58.8, 59.2, and 59.6 C bubble temperature.
At 5 bar, t1sat = 19.2C and t2sat = 16C.
So the bubble temperature will vary between 16C and 19.2C.
We have done calculation for 16.4 C, 16.8 C, 17.2 C, 17.6 C, 18 C, 18.4 C, 18.8 C,
19 C bubble temperature.
All the above calculation has done by using liquid and vapor equilibrium composition
formulae for R-152a:
For equilibrium vapor composition:
sat
( p1sat p sat
1 p 2 )/ p
y 1=
sat
p sat
1 p2
For equilibrium liquid composition:

x 1=
p1
p
sat
1
y1 p
p1sat
Equivalent mass fraction:

Mass fractions in liquid phase:
L1 =
Mass fraction in vapor phase:
x1 M 1
x1 M 1+ x 2 M 2
V1 =
y1 M 1
y1 M 1 + y2 M 2
By using the above formulae a computer program is made for calculating the mass fractions
in liquid phase and vapor phase of R-152a with their respective bubble temperature.
Values obtained from above are tabulated for 5 bar and 15 bar as follows:
Vapor liquid equilibrium of R-152a and R-134a mixture at 15 bar pressure:

T (C)
55.2
55.6
56.0
56.4
56.8
57.2
57.6
58.0
58.4
58.8
59.2
59.6
60.0
P1sat
13.512
13.643
13.775
13.908
14.042
14.117
14.313
14.450
14.558
14.727
14.866
15
P2sat
15
15.134
15.282
15.431
15.580
15.731
15.883
16.036
16.190
16.345
16.502
16.659
1L
0
0.055086
0.118576
0.185511
0.255861
0.330641
0.409874
0.493983
0.583446
0.678802
0.780782
0.889070
1.00
2L
0
0.049474
0.107223
0.168967
0.234851
0.306004
0.382698
0.465620
0.555578
0.653520
0.760683
0.877332
1.00
Vapor liquid equilibrium of R-152a and R-134a mixture at 5 bar pressure

T (C)
16.0
16.4
16.8
17.2
17.6
18.0
18.4
18.8
19.0
19.2
P1sat
4.5851
4.6433
4.7020
4.7613
4.8211
4.8816
4.9426
4.9733
5.0000
P2sat
5.00
5.1071
5.7123
5.2382
5.3046
5.3718
5.4395
5.5079
5.5424
1L
2L
0
0.143180
0.238211
0.341001
0.452379
0.573630
0.706141
0.851369
0.929333
1.000000
0
0.130454
0.219188
0.317166
0.425773
0.546990
0.683196
0.837139
0.921878
1.000000
Enthalpy Composition diagram for R152a and R134a mixture

The calculations for liquid and vapor enthalpies at 15 bar and 5 bar for bubble temperature
range and their corresponding values of 1L and 1V will be done by the help of following
formulae:
At given temperature t:
hL = 1Lh1L + 1Lh2L
hV = 1V[hg1-Cp1(t1sat-t)] + 1V[hg2+Cp2(t-t2sat)]
A program had been made for calculating the enthalpies in liquid phase and vapor phase of
R-152a and R-134a mixture with their respective bubble temperature and composition by
using the above formulae.
The values obtained from above are tabulated as
Saturated liquid and vapor enthalpies of R-152a and R134a mixture at 15 bar
T (C)
55.2
55.6
56.0
56.4
56.8
57.2
57.6
58
58.4
58.8
59.2
59.6
60.0
1L
0
0.055086
0.118576
0.185511
0.255861
0.330641
0.409872
0.493983
0.583446
0.678802
0.780782
0.889070
1.00
1V
0
0.049474
0.107223
0.168967
0.234851
0.306004
0.383698
0.465620
0.555578
0.653520
0.760683
0.877332
1.00
h1L(KJ/Kg)
300.74
301.53
302.33
303.13
303.93
304.73
305.53
306.34
307.14
307.95
308.76
309.57
310.38
h2L(KJ/Kg)
279.79
280.42
281.06
281.70
282.34
282.98
283.62
284.27
284.91
285.56
286.21
286.85
287.50
hL(KJ/Kg)
279.8
281.6
283.6
285.7
287.9
290.2
292.6
295.2
297.9
300.8
303.8
307.1
310.4
hV(KJ/Kg)
425.2
431.1
437.8
445.0
452.7
460.9
469.7
479.2
489.5
500.6
512.7
525.9
539.7
Saturated liquid and vapor enthalpies of R-152a and R134a mixture at 5 bar
T (C)
16.0
16.4
16.8
17.2
17.6
18.0
18.4
1L
0
0.143180
0.238211
0.341001
0.452379
0.573630
0.706141
1V
0
0.130454
0.219188
0.317166
0.425773
0.546990
0.683196
h1L(KJ/Kg)
227.69
228.39
229.10
229.81
230.51
231.22
231.93
h2L(KJ/Kg)
221.87
222.43
222.99
223.54
224.10
224.66
225.22
hL(KJ/Kg)
221.9
223.3
224.4
225.7
227.0
228.4
230.0
hV(KJ/Kg)
407.6
422.1
432.2
443.2
455.5
469.1
484.3
18.8
19.0
19.2
0.851369
0.929333
1.000000
0.837139
0.921878
1.000000
232.64
233.0
233.35
225.78
226.06
226.34
231.6
232.5
233.4
501.5
511.0
519.6
From the tables of properties above the graph is plotted between enthalpy and composition
separately for 15 bar and 5 bar pressure for the binary mixture R-152a and R-134a.
CALCULATION TO FIND OUT COP

We are going to substitute R-134a by this binary mixture R-152a/R-134a in an air conditioner
operating on simple saturation cycle. The condenser and evaporator pressures are 15 bar and
5 bar.
Now calculation work will be done separately for various compositions of our binary mixture
R-152a/R-134a. The most suitable composition of this binary mixture will be that for which
the COP will be maximum in respect to R-134a for same AMTD design.
We are calculating the COP of the binary mixture for same AMTD in order to maintain
condenser and evaporator size same, because we are not going to change the size of air
conditioning machine.
Before going any further calculation to find out COP for separate composition of the binary
mixture R-152a/R-134a, we have found out the values of temperature and enthalpies for
various composition from the graph which is shown in the tabulated form below:
Composition of
binary mixture
%R-134a
(by mass)
25
40
50
60
70
80
Pressure
5 bar
tliquid
tf(C)
18.524
18.08
17.756
17.42
17.05
16.648
Pressure
5 bar
tvapor
ta(C)
18.58
18.164
17.858
17.52
17.13
16.72
Pressure
15 bar
tliquid
tc(C)
59.008
58.48
58.03
57.55
57.04
56.5
Pressure
15 bar
tvapor
te(C)
59.164
58.59
58.164
57.7
57.18
56.596
Pressure
5 bar
hliquid
(Kj/Kg)
230.5
228.5
227.5
226.5
225.5
223.75
Pressure
5 bar
hvapor
(Kj/Kg)
491.25
474.50
463.75
452.5
441.0
430.25
Pressure
15 bar
hliquid
(Kj/Kg)
303.0
298.50
295.0
292.25
289.0
286.25
Pressure
15 bar
hvapor
(Kj/Kg)
511.75
494.75
483.25
472.0
460.25
448.75
Calculation for binary mixture of 25% R-134a and 75% R-152a by mass:
The cycle abcd with the mixture is shown on p-h diagram
State a: saturated vapor

P = 5 bar , ta = 18.58 C, ha = 491.25 Kj/Kg
State b: superheated vapor
P = 15 bar, tb =? (to find it temperature from sb = sa
State c: saturated liquid
P = 15 bar, tc = 59.088 C, hc = 303.0 Kj/Kg
State d: liquid vapor mixture after throttling
P = 5 bar, hd = hc = 303 Kj/Kg
State e: saturated vapor
P = 15 bar, te = 59.164 C, he = 511.75 Kj/Kg
Entropy at a:
sa = (s)R-152a + (s)R-134a + sm (sm is the entropy of the mixing)
at ta = 18.58 C
sR-152a = 2.1015 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.742468 Kj/KgK
sa = (0.752.1015) + (0.251.742468) + sm
sa = 2.01174 + sm
Entropy at e:
At te = 59.164 C
sR-152a = 2.0671 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.7268 Kj/KgK
se = (s)R-152a + (s)R-134a + sm
= (0.752.0671) + (0.251.7268) + sm
= 1.9820 + sm
To solve the discharge temperature at b
At te = 59.164 C Cp1 = 1.13134 Kj/KgK Cp2 = 1.372824 Kj/KgK
sb = se + (1Cp1lnTb/Te) + (2 Cp2lnTb/Te) = sa
2.01174 + sm = 1.9820 + sm + (0.751.13134lnTb/332.164) +
(0.251.372824lnTb/332.16)
Solving this we get
Tb = 340.5576 K (tb = 67.55 C)
Enthalpy at b:
hb = he + 1Cp1(tb-te) + (2Cp2(tb-te)
= 511.75 + 751.13134(67.55-59.164) + 0.251.372824(67.55-59.164)
= 521.744 Kj/Kg
Temperature at d:
Overall composition and enthalpy during throttling process remain same. Hence
z = (hc - hf)/(ha - hf) ..(1)
z = (1L- 1d)/ 1L- 1V)(2)
The two equation can be solved for td by iteration td lies between tf and ta.
By iteration, td = 18.55 C
Theoretical COP of the cycle
E = (ha hd) / (hb ha)
= (491.25 303)/ (521.744 491.25)
= 6.1733
Estimating power saving and increment in COP of air-conditioner with R152a/R-134a mixture:
For equivalent R-134a cycle

By AMTD
Tk = (te + tc)/2
= (59.164 + 59.088)/2
= 59.126 C
t0 = (ta + td)/2
= (18.58 + 18.55)/2
= 18.565 C
At t0 = 18.565 C
h1 = 408.9693 Kj/Kg, s1 = 1.7186 Kj/KgK
At tk = 59.126 C
h3 = 286.0897 Kj/Kg, h2 = 426.3915 Kj/Kg, s2 = 1.702937 Kj/KgK, Cp = 1.372216 Kj/KgK
s1 = s2 = s2 + Cp lnT2/T2
1.7186 = 1.702937 + 1.372216 lnT2/332.126
T2 = 335.9387 K (t2 = 62.9387 C)
h2 = h2 + Cp (t2 - t2)
= 426.3915 + 1.372216 (62.9387 59.126)
= 431.6233 Kj/Kg
COP of equivalent R-134a cycle:
E = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)
= (408.9693 286.0879)/(431.6233 408.9693)
= 5.4243.
Result:
No increment in COP and power consumption increasing.

P = 5 bar , ta = 18.164 C, ha = 474.50 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, tb =? (to find it temperature from sb = sa
P = 15 bar, tc = 58.48 C, hc = 298.50 Kj/Kg
P = 5 bar, hd = hc = 298.50 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, te = 58.59 C, he = 494.75 Kj/Kg
Entropy at a:
at ta = 18.164 C
sR-152a = 2.097554 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.718718 Kj/KgK
sa = (0.62..097554) + (0.41.718718) + sm
sa = 1.9460196 + sm
Entropy at e:
At te = 58.59 C
sR-152a = 2.049715 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.703205 Kj/KgK
se = (s)R-152a + (s)R-134a + sm
= (0.62.049715) + (0.251.703205) + sm
= 1.911031 + sm
1.9460196 + sm = 1.911031 + sm + (0.61.60405lnTb/331.59) +
(0.41.36354lnTb/331.59)
Solving this we get
Tb = 339.3443 K (tb = 66.3443 C)
Enthalpy at b:
= 494.75 + 0.61.60405(66.3743-58.59) + 0.41.36354(66.3743-58.59)
= 506.4875 Kj/Kg
Temperature at d:
z = (hc - hf)/(ha - hf) ..(1)
z = (1L- 1d)/ 1L- 1V)(2)
= (474.5 298.5)/ (506.4875 474.5)

= 5.50215

By AMTD
Tk = (te + tc)/2
= (58.59 + 58.48)/2
= 58.535 C
t0 = (ta + td)/2
= (18.164 + 18.12)/2
= 18.142 C
At t0 = 18.142 C
h1 = 408.768 Kj/Kg, s1 = 1.718729 Kj/KgK
At tk = 58.535 C
h3 = 284.486 Kj/Kg, h2 = 426.22375 Kj/Kg, s2 = 1.7032325 Kj/KgK, Cp = 1.36266 Kj/KgK
s1 = s2 = s2 + Cp lnT2/T2
1.718729 = 1.7032325 + 1.36266 lnT2/331.535
T2 = 335.3268 K (t2 = 62.3268 C)
h2 = h2 + Cp (t2 - t2)
= 426.22375 + 1.36266 (62.3268 58.535)
= 431.39 Kj/Kg
E = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)

= (408.7681 284.486)/(431.39 408.7681)
= 5.4938.
% increment in COP = 0.152%
Power saving = (WR-134a Wmix)/WR-134a
=(1/ER134a-1/Emix)/(1/ER134a)
= 0.1517%

P = 5 bar , ta = 17.858 C, ha = 463.75 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, tb =? (to find it temperature from sb = sa)
P = 15 bar, tc = 58.03 C, hc = 295.0 Kj/Kg
P = 5 bar, hd = hc = 295.0 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, te = 58.164 C, he = 483.25 Kj/Kg
Entropy at a:
at ta = 17.858 C
sR-152a = 2.098013 Kj/KgK

sR-134a = 1.718871 Kj/KgK
sa = (0.52..098013) + (0.51.718871) + sm
sa = 1.908442 + sm
Entropy at e:
At te = 58.164 C
sR-152a = 2.050236 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.703418 Kj/KgK
se = (s)R-152a + (s)R-134a + sm
= (0.52.050236) + (0.51.703418) + sm
= 1.876827 + sm
1.908442 + sm = 1.876827 + sm + (0.51.59766lnTb/331.164) +
(0.51.35674lnTb/331.16)
Solving this we get
Tb = 338.32795 K (tb = 65.32795 C)
Enthalpy at b:
= 483.25 + 0.51.59766(65.32795-58.164) + 0.51.35674(65.32795-58.164)
= 493.83259 Kj/Kg
Temperature at d:
z = (hc - hf)/(ha - hf) ..(1)
z = (1L- 1d)/ 1L- 1V)(2)

= (463.75 295.0)/ (493.83259 463.75)
= 5.60956

By AMTD
Tk = (te + tc)/2
= (58.164 + 58.03)/2
= 58.097 C
t0 = (ta + td)/2
= (17.858 + 17.78)/2
= 17.819 C
At t0 = 17.819 C
h1 = 408.59045 Kj/Kg, s1 = 1.7188905 Kj/KgK
At tk = 58.097 C
h3 = 284.4252 Kj/Kg, h2 = 426.0991 Kj/Kg, s2 = 1.7034515 Kj/KgK,
Cp = 1.3557035 Kj/KgK
s1 = s2 = s2 + Cp lnT2/T2
1.7188905 = 1.7034515 + 1.3557035 lnT2/331.097

T2 = 334.887663 K (t2 = 61.887663 C)
h2 = h2 + Cp (t2 - t2)
= 426.0991 + 1.3557035 (61.887663 58.097)
= 431.2381151 Kj/Kg
E = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)
= (408.59045 284.4252)/(431.2381151 408.59045)
= 5.482474.
=(1/ER134a-1/Emix)/(1/ER134a)
= 2.2655%

P = 5 bar , ta = 17.52 C, ha = 452.5 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, tc = 57.55 C, hc = 292.25 Kj/Kg
P = 5 bar, hd = hc = 292.25 Kj/Kg

P = 15 bar, te = 57.7 C, he = 472 Kj/Kg
Entropy at a:
at ta = 17.52 C
sR-152a = 2.09842 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.7190 Kj/KgK
sa = (0.42..09842) + (0.61.7190) + sm
sa = 1.870768 + sm
Entropy at e:
At te = 57.7 C
sR-152a = 2.0508 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.70365 Kj/KgK
se = (s)R-152a + (s)R-134a + sm
= (0.42.0508) + (0.61.70365) + sm
= 1.84251 + sm
1.870768 + sm = 1.84251 + sm + (0.41.5908lnTb/330.7) + (0.41.34955lnTb/330.7)
Solving this we get
Tb = 337.2259 K (tb = 64.225 C)
Enthalpy at b:
= 472 + 0.41.5908(64.225-57.7) + 0.61.34955(64.225-57.7)

= 481.4354763 Kj/Kg
Temperature at d:
z = (hc - hf)/(ha - hf) ..(1)
z = (1L- 1d)/ 1L- 1V)(2)
= (452.5 292.25)/ (481.4354763 452.5)
= 5.538184

By AMTD
Tk = (te + tc)/2
= (57.7 + 57.55)/2
= 57.625 C
t0 = (ta + td)/2
= (17.52 + 17.44)/2
= 17.48 C
At t0 = 17.48 C
h1 = 408.41 Kj/Kg, s1 = 1.7190 Kj/KgK

At tk = 57.625 C
Cp = 1.3483875 Kj/KgK
s1 = s2 = s2 + Cp lnT2/T2
1.7190 = 1.7036875 + 1.3483875 lnT2/330.625
T2 = 334.40 K (t2 = 61.40 C)
h2 = h2 + Cp (t2 - t2)
= 425.9575 + 1.3483875 (61.40 57.625)
= 431.0476 Kj/Kg
E = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)
= (408.41 283.66)/(431.0476 408.41)
= 5.51.
=(1/ER134a-1/Emix)/(1/ER134a)
= 0.5089%

P = 5 bar , ta = 17.13 C, ha = 441 Kj/Kg

P = 15 bar, tc = 57.04 C, hc = 289 Kj/Kg
P = 5 bar, hd = hc = 289 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, te = 57.18 C, he = 460.25 Kj/Kg
Entropy at a:
at ta = 17.13 C
sR-152a = 2.09897 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.719135 Kj/KgK
sa = (0.32..09897) + (0.71.719135) + sm
sa = 1.8330855 + sm
Entropy at e:
At te = 57.18 C
sR-152a = 2.05142 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.70391 Kj/KgK
se = (s)R-152a + (s)R-134a + sm
= (0.32.05142) + (0.71.70391) + sm
= 1.808163 + sm
1.8330855 + sm = 1.808163 + sm + (0.31.58321lnTb/330.18) +

(0.71.3416lnTb/330.18)
Solving this we get
Tb = 336.05084 K (tb = 63.05084 C)
Enthalpy at b:
= 460.25 + 0.31.58321(63.05084-57.18) + 0.71.3416(63.05084-57.18)
= 468.55 Kj/Kg
Temperature at d:
z = (hc - hf)/(ha - hf) ..(1)
z = (1L- 1d)/ 1L- 1V)(2)
= (441 289)/ (468.55 441)
= 5.51724

By AMTD
Tk = (te + tc)/2
= (57.18 + 57.04)/2
= 57.11 C
t0 = (ta + td)/2
= (17.13 + 17.07)/2
= 17.1 C
At t0 = 17.1 C
h1 = 408.205 Kj/Kg, s1 = 1.71915 Kj/KgK
At tk = 57.11 C
Cp = 1.34055 Kj/KgK
s1 = s2 = s2 + Cp lnT2/T2
1.71915 = 1.703945 + 1.34055 lnT2/330.11
T2 = 333.875 K (t2 = 60.875 C)
h2 = h2 + Cp (t2 - t2)
= 425.803 + 1.34055 (60.875 57.11)
= 430.85 Kj/Kg
E = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)
= (408.205 282.836)/(430.85 408.205)
= 5.536.
% increment in COP = no increment in COP is obtained
=(1/ER134a-1/Emix)/(1/ER134a)
= no power saving i.e., power consumption is increasing.

P = 5 bar , ta = 16.72 C, ha = 430.25 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, tc = 56.5 C, hc = 286.25 Kj/Kg
P = 5 bar, hd = hc = 286.25 Kj/Kg
P = 15 bar, te = 56.596 C, he = 448.75 Kj/Kg
Entropy at a:
at ta = 16.72 C
sR-152a = 2.09952 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.7193 Kj/KgK
sa = (0.22..09952) + (0.81.7193) + sm
sa = 1.795344 + sm
Entropy at e:
At te = 56.596 C
sR-152a = 2.052104 Kj/KgK
sR-134a = 1.704202 Kj/KgK
se = (s)R-152a + (s)R-134a + sm
= (0.22.052104) + (0.81.704202) + sm
= 1.7737824 + sm
1.795344 + sm = 1.7737824 + sm + (0.21.57484lnTb/329.596) +
(0.81.3328lnTb/329.59)
Solving this we get
Tb = 334.7815 K (tb = 61.7815 C)
Enthalpy at b:
= 448.75 + 0.21.57484(61.7815-56.596) + 0.81.33284(61.7815-56.596)
= 455.9124 Kj/Kg
Temperature at d:
z = (hc - hf)/(ha - hf) ..(1)
z = (1L- 1d)/ 1L- 1V)(2)
= (430.25 286.25)/ (455.9124 430.25)
= 5.61132

By AMTD
Tk = (te + tc)/2
= (56.596 + 56.5)/2
= 56.548 C
t0 = (ta + td)/2
= (16.72 + 16.66)/2
= 16.69 C
At t0 = 16.69 C
h1 = 407.9345 Kj/Kg, s1 = 1.719305 Kj/KgK
At tk = 56.548 C
Cp = 1.33212 Kj/KgK
s1 = s2 = s2 + Cp lnT2/T2
1.719305 = 1.704226 + 1.33212 lnT2/329.548
T2 = 333.29953 K (t2 = 60.29953 C)
h2 = h2 + Cp (t2 - t2)
= 425.6344 + 1.33212 (60.29953 56.548)
= 430.632 Kj/Kg
E = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)
= (407.9345 281.9368)/(430.632 407.9345)
= 5.55

=(1/ER134a-1/Emix)/(1/ER134a)
= 1.09279%
COMMENTS
Comments about the calculations done for respective compositions of binary mixture
R-152a/R-134a:
25%R-134a and 75%R-152a by mass: for this composition of binary mixture the
COP is decreasing and power consumption is increasing which is against to our
desired results. So this composition is not suitable to R-134a in air conditioning
machine, which is working between 5 bar evaporator pressure and 15 bar condenser
pressure.
COP is increasing by 0.152% and power saving is 0.1517% which is according to our
desired results. So this composition may be a substitute to R-134a in air conditioning
pressure.
50%R-134a and 50%R152a by mass: for this composition of binary mixture the
pressure.
pressure.
70% R-134a and 30%R-152a by mass: for this composition of binary mixture the
COP is decreasing and power consumption is increasing which is against our desired
results. So this composition is not suitable substitute to R-134a in air conditioning
pressure.
pressure.
CONCLUSION
After gone through the intricate steps of calculation and graphical analysis, we
finally become able to increase the performance of air conditioning machine by using
a binary mixture of composition 50% R-152a/50%R-134a.
This improves the performance by increasing COP 2.318% and power saving by
2.2655% with respect to single refrigerant R-134a.
Along with the advantage mention above the ingredients are non toxic and
environment friendly (zero ODP and low GWP) and also suitable for safety purposes.
REFERENCES
BOOKS:
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning by C.P. Arora
A text book of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning by R.S. Khurmi & J.K.
Gupta.
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning by R.K. Rajput.
A course in Refrigeration and Air-conditioning by S.C. Arora and S.
Domkundwar.
Thermal Engineering by P.L. Ballany.
Web sites:
http://webbook.nist.gov/
http://www.aircondition.com/
http://refrigerants.com/
http://icorinternational.com/

Increasing COP of AC

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Increasing COP of AC

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Abstract

Selecting A Suitable Refrigerants

Selecting a Suitable Refrigerants

Safety Classifications: Refrigerants are classified into safety groups by using a

Class 1: indicates no flame propagation.

Examples of each safety classifications

Nearly all commercial refrigerants incl. R-12, R-502, R-22, R-134a

Favorable factors related to R-134a and R-152a:

Properties related to R-134a and R-152a:

Temperature composition diagram for R-152a/R-134a mixture

For equilibrium liquid composition:

Equivalent mass fraction:

Mass fraction in vapor phase:

Vapor liquid equilibrium of R-152a and R-134a mixture at 15 bar pressure:

Vapor liquid equilibrium of R-152a and R-134a mixture at 5 bar pressure

Enthalpy Composition diagram for R152a and R134a mixture

CALCULATION TO FIND OUT COP

State a: saturated vapor

For equivalent R-134a cycle

State a: saturated vapor

= (474.5 298.5)/ (506.4875 474.5)

For equivalent R-134a cycle

E = (h1 - h4)/(h2 - h1)

State a: saturated vapor

sR-152a = 2.098013 Kj/KgK

z = (1L- 1d)/ 1L- 1V)(2)

For equivalent R-134a cycle

1.7188905 = 1.7034515 + 1.3557035 lnT2/331.097

State a: saturated vapor

P = 5 bar, hd = hc = 292.25 Kj/Kg

= 472 + 0.41.5908(64.225-57.7) + 0.61.34955(64.225-57.7)

For equivalent R-134a cycle

h1 = 408.41 Kj/Kg, s1 = 1.7190 Kj/KgK

State a: saturated vapor

P = 15 bar, tb =? (to find it temperature from sb = sa)

1.8330855 + sm = 1.808163 + sm + (0.31.58321lnTb/330.18) +

For equivalent R-134a cycle

The cycle abcd with the mixture is shown on p-h diagram

State a: saturated vapor

For equivalent R-134a cycle

Power saving = (WR-134a Wmix)/WR-134a

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