Interworking with LTE

Source:
Mike Dolan

Tony Lee

Chair, TSG-X.5 PDS

Alcatel-Lucent
mike.dolan@alcatel-lucent.com

Chair, TSG-C.2.2
VIA Telecom
aslee@via-telecom.com

Interworking with LTE

Outline
At the CORE and RAN Level
LTE eHPRD
How eHRPD connects to the same Enhanced Packet Core (EPC)
Handoff

LTE cdma2000 1x
CSFB, eCSFB
SMS

At the RADIO Level

LTE eHPRD
eHPRD LTE
Circuit Switch Fall Back
Registration
SMS

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 2

Why Interwork between

LTE and 1x/eHRPD?
Simply:
CDMA operators need a smooth transition path
to take their subscribers to LTE technology.

Keep subscribers happy

Offer subscribers new features
Manage competition from other operators
Optimize the use of their spectrum
Take greatest advantage of their installed infrastructure while
upgrading to LTE

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 3

LTE eHPRD
How eHRPD connects to the same Enhanced Packet Core (EPC)
Internet

HSS/AAA

PDN
Gateway

PCRF

MME

Serving
Gateway

3GPP2
AAA
Home
Agent

HSGW

PDS
N

Signaling
Data

eAN/
ePCF

eNodeB

AN/
PCF

UE
June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 4

Non-Optimized Handoff from

LTE to eHRPD
Internet

HSS/AAA

PDN
Gateway

PCRF

MME

Serving
Gateway

HSGW
Signaling

Data
eAN/
ePCF

eNodeB

UE
June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 5

Optimized Handoff
from LTE to eHRPD
Step 1: Establish context on eHRPD via tunneled signaling
Internet

HSS/AAA

PDN
Gateway

PCRF

MME

Serving
Gateway

HSGW
Signaling
S101

Data
eAN/
ePCF

eNodeB
U
E
June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 6

Optimized Handoff
from LTE to eHRPD
Step 2: UE moves to eHRPD, bearers are moved
Internet

HSS/AAA

PDN
Gateway

PCRF

MME

Serving
Gateway

HSGW
Signaling
Data

eNodeB

S101

eAN/
ePCF

UE
June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 7

Comparison of Optimized
vs. Non-Optimized
Optimized handoff takes less than 300 msec.
Non-optimized handoff can take as much as 5-7
seconds.
Optimized handoff requires in addition to what
non-optimized needs:
S101 tunneling
Upgrades on the UE, MME, eAN/ePCF, HSGW

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 8

Circuit Switched Fall Back (CSFB)

Core Network and RAN

Uses tunneled signaling to the UE across

the S102 interface between the IWS and
MME. This supports:
CSFB, enhanced CSFB (eCSFB)
SMS

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 9

CSFB
MSC

IWS
MME

S102

eNodeB

1x BS

UE
Signaling

Page sent to IWS.

IWS sends page to UE
via MME and eNodeB
using S102.
UE moves to 1x.
UE sends a normal
page response on the
1x access channel.
Call proceeds.

Data
June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 10

eCSFB
MSC

IWS
MME

S102

eNodeB

1x BS
UE

Signaling
Data
June 14, 2012

Page sent to IWS.

IWS sends page to UE via
MME and eNodeB using
S102.
UE sends a page
response via the eNodeB
and MME using S102.
IWS sends a handoff
command (UHDM) to the
UE via S102, and sets up
the traffic channel on 1x in
preparation for the UE.
UE does a handoff to the
1x traffic channel.
1x call proceeds.

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 11

Comparison of CSFB to
eCSFB
CSFB requires extra time on 1x due to hashing
and other procedures.
For eCSFB, the traffic channel is prepared and
waiting for the UE to arrive.

Some issues at the radio level will be discussed

later, when the radio level is covered.

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 12

SMS
Both mobile-originated and
mobile-terminated are supported.
MSC

IWS
MME

S102

MT-SMS
SMS are sent via S102
to the UE
UE does not leave LTE.

eNodeB

1x BS

MO-SMS

UE
Signaling

SMS are sent via S102

from the UE
UE does not leave LTE.

Data
June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 13

Radio Level

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 14

LTE-eHRPD Protocol
Structure
HRPDSignaling
Network
Protocol
HRPDSignaling
Link Protocol

Radio
Link
Protocol

Radio
Link
Protocol

HRPD-Stream
Protocol

HRPD-Stream
Protocol

Connection
Layer
Protocols

Connection Layer
Protocols

HRPDSecurity

HRPDSecurity

LTE-Uu

HRPD-MAC

HRPD-PHY

LTE-RRC

LTE-RRC

LTE-MAC

LTE-MAC

LTE-PHY

LTE-PHY

LTE-HRPD multi-mode AT

June 14, 2012

HRPDSignaling
Network
Protocol
HRPDSignaling
Link Protocol

LTE-eNB

LTES1

S1-AP

LTES1

LTES101

S101

LTES101

HRPD-MAC
HRPD-PHY

LTE-MME

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

HRPD RNC

Slide 15

Air Interface Protocol

Enhancements
New protocols to support LTE to eHRPD handover
Default Signaling Adaptation Protocol
Inter-RAT Initialization, Idle State, Route Update,
Overhead Message, and Signaling Adaptation Protocols
Support for C.S0024-B

Some existing protocols were also affected.

Documented in C.S0087

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 16

Changes to the
Application Layer
Added alternate packet application subtype for:
MFPA -> Alternate MFPA
EMFPA -> Alternate EMFPA
MLMFPA -> Alternate MLMFPA

The alternate packet application subtype is to

identify the support of eHRPD

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 17

eHRPD to LTE
Two methods available:
OtherRATNeighborList Message
Broadcasted message
Contains E-UTRAN information for AT to search for EUTRAN system
Threshold

InterRATRedirect
Contains E-UTRAN redirection information

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 18

eHRPD E-UTRAN
inter-RAT redirection
eHRPD
AN

eAT

E-UTRA

1. AT active on eHRPD
2. The eAN decides
to determine EUTRA Availability
3. OtherRATMeasurementRequest
4. OtherRATMeasurementReport
5. The eAN decides
to redirect the eAT
6. InterRATRedirect

7. The eAT retunes

to E-UTRA
8. UE performs Handoff/Attach to E-UTRA
9. Search more E-UTRA channel or go back to eHRPD
based on MMSS rules (conditional)

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 19

LTE to 1x tunneling
1x
Layer 3
PDU
TLAC
Header
GCSNA
Header

1x
Layer 3
PDU

S102 Tunnel
GCSNA
Control

Lower Layer
(Other Access
Technology)

MS

June 14, 2012

GCSNA
Control

Lower Layer (Other

Access Technology)

Lower Layer

Other Access Technology

Entity(ies)

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

TLAC
Header
GCSNA
Header

Lower
LowerLayer
Layer

IWS

Slide 20

1x to LTE
OtherRATNeighborList Message
Broadcasted message
Contains E-UTRAN information for AT to search for EUTRAN system
Threshold

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 21

Thank You!
For more information, please visit http://www.3gpp2.org.

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Related Links
June 14, 2012

LINKS

http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/RelatedHome.cfm
cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 22

cdma2000 is the trademark for the technical nomenclature

for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational
Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date
of publication), cdma2000 is a registered trademark of the
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the
United States.

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 23

Additional Information

Signaling Adaptation
Protocol Context

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 25

SAP functionalities

Records the current air interface (HRPD or non-HRPD)

Provides a virtual connection service between the access
terminal and the access network over the S101 tunnel
Provides encapsulation of HRPD packets over S101
Triggers idle and active handoffs from LTE to eHRPD
It has a control plane as well as a user plane functionality

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 26

Changes to MAC and PHY

Layer
Initial output power calculation
X0 = - Mean RX Power (dBm) + OpenLoopAdjust + PilotInitialAdjust
where:
PilotInitialAdjust = InitialAdjust + min(PilotStrengthCorrectionMax,
max(PilotStrengthNominal PilotStrength, PilotStrengthCorrectionMin)),
This is necessary due to lack of access probe power correction.

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 27

Interworking with LTE

Radio Level
LTE eHPRD non-optimized handoff
S-101 interface is not used.
Idle handoff from LTE to eHRPD
LTE SIB8 provides information on nearby
eHRPD cells

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 28

Interworking with LTE

Radio Level
LTE eHPRD non-optimized handoff
S-101 interface is not used.

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 29

LTE 1x Tunneling
on S102
Supports:
Circuit Switch Fall Back (CSFB)
Enhanced CSFB (eCSFB)
SMS, mobile-originated and mobileterminated

June 14, 2012

cdma2000 Technology Workshop

Slide 30