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Q.
No
Ra
nk
Question
Q#
warning lamp does not light, but it does light when the wire from the lamp going to
9880 the sending unit is grounded (the part that plugs into the sending unit) what does this
indicate)?
Answ If the lamp lights when the wire from lamp to the sending
unit is grounded, then the other side of the lamp has
er
power.
The circuit is designed for the lamp to light when
the sending unit provides a complete electrical circuit.
Post
ed
Date
0 2014
-0418
Q#
Could anybody tell how much amps will a single input to plc will consume?
6054
6
Answ The spec sheets on my desk have these specs:
er
for an AC voltage digital input:
2 mA nominal @ 230 VAC, 50 Hz
for a DC voltage digital input:
2.3 mA @ 12 VDC
6.9 mA @ 24 VDC nominal
for a dry contact digital input (internal 15Vdc source):
2.6 mA nominal
Interviewees should be able to convert from milliamps to amps.
Normally, power (watts) is 'consumed'.
Current (amps) is a 'draw' on the power supply.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
0 2014
-0406
Q#
how in the 2 - wire transmitter, 24v supply and the 4ma signal gets in the same path?
1008
74
Answ The 2 wire transmitter, DC power supply and the load (some
0 2014
receiver, an analog input on a
er
-01PLC/DCS/Controller/recorder/indicator) are wired in series.
06
The installer 'gets them in the same path', an electrical
series circuit.
The transmitter uses about 3.5-3.6 mA of current as power to
run its own electronics that excite and/or read the sensor,
interpret the sensor's signal and create a scaled output.
A 2 wire transmitter acts like a variable resistor, or
transistor, in that it regulates its internal resistance so
that the output is scaled 4.0-20.0 mA, proportional to the
process variable it is sensing, with the loop current the
ranging 4-20mA.
The power supply voltage must be high enough to drive 20mA
(21.xmA if upscale failsafe is used/selected) through the
load (the input's resistance, wire resistance, any stray
resistance (terminal block). 24Vdc power supplies are the
most widely used power supplies, but most 2 wire
transmitters can operate with power supplies up to about
32-36 volts DC.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
how to check the leak in thermowells
1045
60
Answ
From Wika's FAQ:
er
What tests and inspections are stipulated for thermowells?
In accordance with DIN 43772 Point 4.6, all tests and
certifications should be agreed between the manufacturer and
operator.
What tests are usual or possible for thermowells?
Common non-destructive tests are the pressure test and, for
welded thermowells, the liquid penetrant test. In addition,
to test the centrality of the bore, ultrasound or X-ray
testing is possible. To test the sealing, helium leak
testing is an option. The surface finish or surface
hardness may also be tested. A material test would be
Positive Material Identification (PMI test).
What does ZFP, NDE or NDT mean?
ZFP is the German abbreviation for "Zerstrungsfreie
0 2013
-1226
Q#
how to use K thermocouple instead E- type without compesation cable
1121
84
Answ Any thermocouple measuement requires 2 temperature measurements
- hot junction measurement
er
- cold junction measurement
0 2014
-0304
Q#
how can we measure the pressure in underground cooling water pipeline by using
1125 pressure transmitter?what about the tapping position?
76
Answ If the transmitter is not directly mounted on the
underground pipe, which is not unusual unless there is
er
vault access, then an impulse tube/pipe has to come up out
of the ground. The pressure measurement will be in error,
low, by the difference in elevation between the pipe's
elevation and the pressure transmitter's elevation.
0 2013
-1020
Suppose the pipe is 2.1m below the grade level and the
pressure transmitter is 1.6m above grade. The elevation
difference is 3.7m.
The measurement is 3.7m or 0.362 bar low.
It is not unusual to have water supplied at pressure
between at 4-8 bar. At 4 bar pressure, an error of 0.36m
water column is a 9% error, a vary large value for an
insturment capable of 0.25% or better accuracy.
The commissioning of the unit should include the
appropriate zero correction to compensate for such a large
error.
Carl Ellis, Measure First
Q#
Dear friends, I have a question: We work on a project which has some boilers to
1158 provide steam for desalination unit. The boiler area is safe and the only hazard source
79
is the fuel lines of boilers. I want to know according to NFPA standard which type of
instrument should be selected on the fuel line: Eex Type or Non-Eex type? Thanks in
advance
Answ I totally disagree. Because NFPA 86 (2007) specifically
0 2013
states
that
there
is
no
need
to
impose
requirements
for
er
-12wiring methods appropriate for a hazardous (classified
03
area).
------- NFPA 86 (2007) -----------A.4.1.3.3 Unless otherwise required by the local
environment, ovens and furnaces and the surrounding area
are not classified as a hazardous (classified) location.
The primary source of ignition associated with an oven
installation is the oven heating system or equipment or
materials heated. The presence of these ignition sources
precludes the need for imposing requirements for wiring
methods appropriate for a hazardous (classified) location.
Refer to Section 3.3 of NFPA497, Recommended Practice for
the Classification of Flammable Liquids, Gases, or Vapors
and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical
Installations in Chemical Process Areas, and Section 3.3
------------ end --------------The 'gas train' or 'fuel train' is a pipe carrying fuel.
It is assumed that the fuel stays in the pipe until it gets
to the burner or is bypassed to an equally secure pilot
fuel line.
Q#
How flow control valve is working with pnuematic positioner and I/P convreter from
1202 command is given from remote
66
Answ A controller (the remote device) generates an electronic
0 2014
4-20mA
output
signal
which
tells
the
valve
what
its
position
er
-07should be.
05
The 4-20mA signal is an input to an I/P
(current-to-pneumatic) transducer, which creates a pneumatic
output signal proportional to the 4-20mA electronic signal
from the controller, probably a 3-15psi pneumatic signal.
The pneumatic control signal is an input to the pneumatic
positioner, which mechanically senses the valve's position.
The positioner drives the actuator with as much supply air
pressure as is necessary to drive the valve to position
demanded by the control signal.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
What are the most frequent problem faces with Vortex flow meter?
1220
28
Answ Installation error - there is insufficient upstream and
downstream straight run piping for flow conditioning.
er
Failure to understand that all vortex do low flow cutoff at
approximately 10% of flow because there are not enough
vortices formed to produce an accurate flow rate
measurement. Low velocity flow rate in a steam header can
indicate zero flow even when the boiler is operating with
reasonable loads.
0 2014
-0218
Q#
What is output of Thermocouple at 25 deg c
1238
38
Answ Question: What is output of Thermocouple at 25 deg C?
er
I'd flunk all of you except B0nz0 because only B0nz0
0 2013
-0817
Q#
I have observed in field instrumentation work... I remove the fuse of an analog
1250 transmitter then it shows 7.75 kg/sq cm (which is practically wrong value)in DCS and
88
when put the fuse it shows 0 in dcs. Then cheach the field transmitter termination and
found moister. clean that and then it shows 1.1 kg/ sq cm which is right value. Please
describe the above phenomenon.
ground current added to loop current through a
Answ Reason:
0 2013
ground
created
by
moisture.
er
-1226
The analog input on the DCS references ground at some point.
The moisture in the junction box or remote terminal panel
makes a connection to a local ground at that point. The
difference in potentials between the grounds causes a ground
loop - current added to the modulated loop current.
The
DCS's analog input 'sees' this current, even though the
Q#
pls any1 sugges me book for plc,dcs & scada..
1271
79
Answ Tony Kuphaldt's "Lessons in Industrial Instrumentation"
download URL:
er
http://www.ibiblio.org/kuphaldt/socratic/sinst/book/liii.pdf
0 2014
-0525
If the link breaks, search for the title and the author.
Better than the textbooks that cost a week's wages.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
i want to calibrate a transmitter in the range of -100 to 300 mmwc. How it is possible
1279 to measure -100 to 300?.
97
Answ Atmospheric pressure equals zero pressure (gauge).
er
Vacuum pressures are less than atmospheric so are negative with respect
to atmospheric pressure. -100mm would be a vacuum pressure.
0 2014
-0428
Q#
what is difference between E/P positioner and I/P positioner. Why E/P fixed in below
1287 actuator and why I/P fixed in other place
62
Answ An E/P transducer is a voltage to position transducer, so its input
0 2014
signal
from
the
control
system
is
a
voltage
er
-078
02
Q#
1)unmovable objects have frequency or not?if that object have frequency,how do we
1293 measure and transmit? 2)how do u measure the continuity without multimeter? 3)we
83
put 24volt dc supply in railway track how many distance it is traveled without voltage
drop?
Answ How do you measure continuity without a multimeter?
er
Answer: with a continuity tester, which consists of a power
source (a battery)and an indicator like a lamp or LED
Q#
How to measure density of oil in your kitchen. i.e indirectly to verify the quality of
1308 oil using min. gadgets available in the kitchen/house.
02
Answ To determine the density/specific gravity of the oil:
er
Weigh an empty, clean measuring cup. The larger the volume of the
measuring cup, the better the precision.
Fill the measuring cup with the oil to a marked level, say, 500mL.
Weigh the measuring cup and oil.
Subtract the weight of the measuring cup.
The ratio of the weight of the oil to the weight of an equivalent volume
of water (1 gram/mL) is the oil's specific gravity: weight oil/weight of
water
Carl Ellis
0 2014
-0418
0 2014
-0520
Measure First
Q#
i want to control the temp of sand(welding flux) between the range of 150deg C to
1379 170deg C. sugges me sum temp control method without PID controller.
28
Answ An On-off controller with a setpoint of 160 Deg C and a
hysteresis of 10 Deg C will do this type of control.
er
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
whats the problem will arrise if we rotate the hosing screw of the differential
1472 pressure transmitter?
54
Answ Rotating the electronics housing screw loosens or tightens
the screw that holds the housing in place in relation to the
er
pressure body.
0 2014
-0515
0 2014
-0105
Q#
Q- Which of the following is Close loop system - a-)respiratory System b-)traffic
1474 light system c-)washing machine d-)Room heater my option is A, what is our take on
80
option B & C
A room heater has a thermostat which senses room
Answ
temperature
and turns the heater elements on or off, as
er
needed.
10
0 2013
-0906
Q#
Can DP transmitter with orifice plate works on Beta ratio 0f 0.3 and differential
1479 pressure of 100 MMWC in liquid service application?
15
Answ An orifice plate (OP) creates a pressure drop in the flow
stream.
er
The question is whether an orifice plate 'works'.
Works how?
0 2014
-0101
Q#
what is difference between two wire &three wire pt 100 ?
1494
90
Answ A 2 wire RTD has no means of compensating for lead wire
resistance so the reading from a 2 wire RTD will always have
er
some positive error due to lead wire resistance.
0 2014
-0613
Q#
wht is snap action switch?where it is used?is there any diff between snap action
1498 switch and normal pressure switch?
81
Answ A snap action switch requires very little mechanical
movement (a very short linear distance) in order to actuate
er
the electrical switch contacts.
Internally, the movement
and mechanical advantage of a lever is used to activate,
make or break, switch contacts.
The sensor elements in pressure switches: diaphragms,
pistons, bellows, all have move relatively small distances
11
0 2014
-0128
Q#
I have a steam flow DP transmitter that has output swinging. Steam valve is in
1540 manual.I have good steam pressure. The impulse lines have steam tracing on them.
28
The steam tracing has a hole in it that is blowing raw steam on the high side impulse
line only. Could this be causing the swinging?
Answ Answer:
Yes, live steam on an impulse line could cause pressure swings.
er
Blowing live steam on an impulse line could conceivably heat
the condensate in the impulse tubing enough to boil it.
Even if it doesn't boil, a deadheaded impulse line with have
thermal siphon flow occurring as the hot spot condensate
rises and its place is taken by cooler condensate.
0 2014
-0107
Q#
could someone explain for me what is 32-bit Floating Point ? Thanks
1540
42
Answ Floating point numbers are also called 'real' numbers.
Floating point refers to the inclusion of a decimal point
er
and values to the right of the decimal point.
The number
is expressed in engineering or exponential notation, a
signed mantissa with an exponent.
12
0 2014
-0317
Q#
How can corrosion alter the accuracy and precision of a C- Bourdon tube pressure
1547 gauge?
84
Answ The issue with corrosion of a bourdon tube is not accuracy,
it's safety.
er
Corrosion failure of a bourdon tube occurs when the elastic
element (Bourdon tube) has been weakened .
The potential corrosion hazard is leakage of the process
fluid, which may be hot, toxic or corrosive, from a
measuring instrument, process pipe or tank.
The other
corrosion hazard is catastrophic failure of the bourdon
tube, and the release of energy that can approach that of a
shot from a firearm.
Those failures due to corrosion dwarf the effect of
corrosion on accuracy.
A change in the bourdon tube
stiffness effects gauge accuracy whether that change comes
from temperature, corrosion, or overpressure.
The
likelihood that corrosion will destroy the bourdon tube
result in the ultimate certainty of "uncertainty" - total
non-accuracy due to failure to operate.
Whoever wrote this question missed the point entirely about
corrosion effects on pressure elements in piping.
The question should be, "How can corrosion alter the safety
of bourdon tube pressure gauge?"
Carl Ellis
Measure First
13
0 2014
-0324
Q#
what is LAS in foundation fieldbus protocol?
1576
28
Answ What is Foundation Fieldbus LAS?
er
0 2014
-0120
Q#
Explain, and give a real-world example of MODULATING control
1577
91
Answ 1) A light dimmer switch
er
2) the throttle on an automobile
Q#
What is require for PLC Programming?
1580
50
Answ You'd all fail my class for failure to mention these three
things:
er
- A project scope document
What is to be controlled, alarmed, displayed and
14
0 2014
-0507
0 2013
-1015
Q#
I want to know if flowrate increases in 16' pipe line what will happen to upstream
1590 pressure and why?
31
Answ I want to know if flowrate increases in 16' pipe line what
will happen to upstream pressure and why?
er
There can be flow only if there is a differential pressure
to create the flow.
To increase flow rate, the differential pressure has to
increase.
To increase the differential pressure:
- the downstream pressure can decrease
- the upstream pressure can increase
- both upstream and downstream pressures can move in the
same direction, but vary in the magnitude of the change so
that the DP increases.
This principle applies to any flow, the size of the pipe
doesn't matter.
Carl Ellis
15
0 2014
-0106
Measure First
Q#
Generally in which location ( JB or IO card or DCS) the thermocouple compensation
1601 is done.Also where they measure the atmosphere temp ( for compensation) in JB OR
56
DCS panel? How they compensating that atmosphere temp? is any circuit for that (
like in rtd wheatstone bridge)?
Answ Cold junction compensation (CJC) is done at the point where
0 2013
the thermocouple wire or thermocouple extension wire
er
-07connects to the thermocouple input, either an I/O card, a
09
temperature transmitter, or a thermocouple input on a
recorder/controller/indicator/alarm.
CJC.
Thermistors do not need CJC.
Q#
what are the installation requirement is common to all flow meter when volumetric
1603 flow rate is being measured
16
51
Answ The (mostly unstated and assumed) common requirement for all
commercial flow meters is a full pipe.
er
The presence of air or gas in a liquid line not only causes
an inaccuracy in the measurement, in many cases it can cause
the measurement to fail altogether.
0 2014
-0612
Q#
why we use 24 vdc in instruments mostly?
1604
40
There is no national or international standard for 24Vdc in
Answ
industrial
instrumentation and control.
er
The use of 24Vdc has evolved out of common practice and has
seen global use and acceptance as a 'de facto' convention,
as opposed to a formal standard. The acceptance goes
beyond loop powered transmitters, it goes into discrete
control as well.
The reasons are many.
1) 24Vdc is a low enough voltage to be considered 'safe'.
It is accepted as a voltage level that does not shock human
beings through contact with dry skin.
2) 24VDc is a high enough voltage to do real work with
currents that are practical.
3) An enormous array and variety of field instruments and
controls can be designed and operated intrinsically safe at
24Vdc, not just loop powered transmitters.
4) Loop powered field instruments powered by 24Vdc can
drive 500-600 ohms of load resistance, enough for one valve
positioner (split ranging 2 valve positioners with a single
current output driven by 24Vdc is difficult).
5) Lead acid batteries are useable for battery back-up or
UPS supplies.
6) On the discrete side, 24Vdc is sufficient voltage to
break through oxide coating on switch and relay contacts
7) For discrete control, 24Vdc offers a tolerance band
around binary 'high's and binary 'low's of more than a
couple volts, which allows for operation in a moderate
level of electrical noise.
8) Statistically, 24Vdc devices have failure rates about
17
0 2013
-1007
Q#
generally transmitter power supply having some range(12v to 35v) but the out put(41621 20 mA) must same for given input.If we vary the power supply voltage then output
15
mA also to be change according to V=IR. Is there any voltage regulator in the
transmitter ?
Answ Yes, V=IR, but that happens because the transmitter
0 2014
functions as a transistor, varying its resistance in order
er
-02to regulate the loop current.
08
It is expected that the power supply voltage remains constant.
The transmitter acts as a transistor and regulates the loop
current as long as there is sufficient power supply voltage
to drive the current through the loop resistance (ohms law).
If the power supply voltage is not adequate, the loop
current will be limited to something less than a full 20mA
and in some cases the transmitter power-cycles itself and
starts through repeated initializations, trying to drive
current, but failing to do so.
Changing the power supply voltage will not change the loop
current as long as the power supply voltage change is above
the minimum needed, because that is the design
intent/purpose of 2 wire loop transmitters: to regulate the
loop current to match the process variable the transmitter
is measuring.
Any excessive power supply voltage is
'dropped' in the transmitter in order to regulate the loop
current.
Every 2 wire loop powered transmitter has either an equation
for calculating the voltage required for a given loop load
resistance or a graph called a 'load line' that shows
voltage versus loop resistance. The minimum required
voltage to light up the transmitter is called "lift-off"
voltage, which is the minimum required when a power supply
is directly connected to the transmitter, like on the shop
bench, with no load; no analog input, no appreciable wire
resistance.
A typical 24Vdc power supply will drive 500 ohms of loop
resistance with most 2 wire transmitters.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
You are looking at the RS-485-side of an RS-232/RS-485 converter and the power
1629 supply voltage for the converter is +5V. Under idle conditions (no transmission), and
43
assuming you have enabled the RS-485 output: what would you expect at: (a) Output
A measured against output B (b) Output A measured against ground (c) Output B
18
0 2014
-0419
Q#
Profibus DP is a multi-master system. Would it work on RS-485 4W or not, and
1629 justify your answer
44
Answ The Profibus DP specification defines the hardware transport
physical layer as 2 wire RS-485. The communications
er
protocol and the transport layer are both part of the
Profibus DP specification (the separate 2 wire cable for
24Vdc power supply is not involved with the communications).
Any device that passes Profibus DP certification will
conform to the Profibus DP specification.
Therefore, a 4 wire RS-485 device will not work on a
Profibus DP network because it won't be a Profibus DP
device, it does not meet the Profibus DP spec, which is 2
wire RS-485.
Attempting to operate a 4 wire RS-485 device on a Profibus
DP network will only disrupt Profibus DP communications on
the network.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
19
0 2013
-1226
Q#
how to connect the HART protocal with control valves
1650
86
Answ HART can be used to write setpoints to or to read position
or diagnostic information from HART enabled positioners on
er
control valves.
0 2014
-0323
But it takes either a very high end PLC with HART I/O or a
DCS with HART I/O and the accompanying software application
to do so.
On the other hand, HART is routinely used to configure valve
positioners, for instance, either basic setup or more
sophisticated tasks, like entering a set of values for a
valve position characteristic table.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
How a rtd work, and what volts/current goes to a RTD to measure the resistence?
1656
39
Answ The source current, a fixed constant current, supplied to
an RTD resistive element is called the excitation current.
er
The excitation current through the RTD's resistive element
the copper lead wire develops a voltage drop.
0 2013
-1021
Q#
what is the tempareture conpensation?what is the use of this?
1660
92
Answ
What is temperature compensation? How is temperature used in
er
instrumentation?
Answer:
Temperature compensation is an adjustment to instrument
readings to account for known physical changes due to
temperature.
Temperature and pressure compensation to a differential
pressure measurement can produce an inferred mass flow rate
measurement, rather than a volumetric flow rate.
20
0 2014
-0109
Q#
1673
01
Q#
If i want use the 6 kg/cm2 pressure gauge then how to
167301 calculate its pressure gauge range?
Answer The general rule of thumb is to put the
working range in at the mid-range of the scale
of the pressure gauge.
Remember, a bourdon tube is damaged beyond
repair when overpressurized.
Alternative rules are
If the working Range is
- Steady: the working range can be 3/4 of full
scale value
- Fluctuating: the working range should be 2/3
of full scale value
- Full scale value: the gauge is working near
its limit.
Short duration at full scale value is advised.
Replacement with a higher range gauge is
advised.
Typical standard dual scale gauge dial ranges
are shown below:
kg/cm2
0-1.06
0-2.1
0-4.2
0-7
0-10.6
0-11.0
0-14
0-21
0-28
psi
0-15
0-30
0-60
0-100
0-150
0-160
0-200
0-300
0-400
21
2014-0105
Q#
Why ues 250 ohms Resistor during hart type
167364 instruments calibration with hart protocol in details ?
Answer My friend Dan has an article on why HART needs
a minimum resistance in the loop to work.
2013-0817
2014-0423
http://blog.lesman.com/2011/10/06/add250-ohmresistors-to-make-hart-work/#more-68
Anzal, above, is on the right path. The loop
power supply is a low pass filter. The 1200Hz
HART signal needs a
minimum resistance to develop a signal that the
HART receiver can 'see'.
Tell Dan Carl sent you.
Q#
what do you mean by Loop checking ? What are the
167794 cold loop check and hot loop check? what are the
difference between these two loops?
Answer Answer:
A Cold Loop check is cold because it is done
without powering the loop.
22
Q#
in my plant 100% feedwater control v/v is air to close
167937 but due to instrument air fail,the valve opens but
instead of drum level high its get tripped in low low
drum level.the urv of level tx is 0 and lrv is -800.pls tell
me the reason. for such behaviour.
Answer Air-to-close means that the valve fails open.
2014-0106
2014-0522
Q#
if a dp transmitter has range 100 in H2O and flow is
170066 20mmcf and if the flow is changed to 25 mmcf then
what is the formula to determine new range of
transmitter
Answer design max flow rate = 20 mmcf
design max DP = 100 in H2O
X = 1.25^2 = 1.562
1.562 = 156.2%
percentage)
(work in normalized
23
Q#
i am confusing about differential pressure transmitter
170852 as i seen so many DPTs in different ranges how can we
calculate level and flow with mmh20 plz tel me
When the primary flow element (orifice plate,
Answer
2013-1221
2014-0101
Q#
What is the procedure of changing a Faulty Module
172451 of Allen Bradley PlC without stopping the Process
Answer The situation is not unique to Allen Bradley;
many controller brands have I/O modules that
can be replaced without powering down the
controller which might require stopping the
process.
24
Q#
What is the use of +/- 20ma in analog
172761 measurement,and which instrument gives +/-20ma
output
Answer 192 views of this thread up to this point, yet
no one's answered by Jan 2014.
25
2014-0104
Q#
how to calculate the temp. of RTD&Thermocouple
173430 when we got some mV r Ohms?if anybody has d chart
pls mail the chatrs to me...
Answer 1) You can't calculate temperature from
2013-1223
2013-1219
Q#
173723
Answer
26
controller.
Similarly, when a signal goes full scale down
scale, a controller's output will drop to zero
in a direct action controller.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
173747
Answer
2014-0515
2014-0208
2014-0316
Q#
174057
Answer
Q#
IF TX SHOWS SLOW RESPONSE, WHILE A
174060 CLOSE LOOP AND WHEN WE PUT THE
CONTROLLER ON MANUAL THE PROBLEM
RECTIFIED, SO WE CAN SAY THE PROBLEM IS
IN
Answer The problem is in the controller's PID tuning,
which is tuned to be too sluggish.
27
Q#
1)why we are using mostly Ultrasonic Flow meters to
175260 measure flow, rather than Radar waves? 2)why we are
using Ultrasonic waves and Radar waves to measure
the Level?
Answer Most fluids will 'conduct' ultrasonic energy.
28
2014-0609
Q#
Is it possible to convert 4 wire transmitter to convert
175636 to 2 wire with additional relay.Please send detial with
drawing,i will appreciate.
No, it is not possible to convert a 4 wire
Answer
device (power on 2 wires, output signal on 2
wires) to a 2 wire, loop
powered transmitter.
2013-0915
2014-0610
2013-1219
Q#
I have a LT of 10000mmwc range. can i use this LT in
177555 1000mmwc range of tank?? if yes than what
happened???
Answer I have a LT of 10000mmwc range. can i use this
Q#
I want condensate pots vent position erection of flow
177698 transmitter ?
Answer A 'vent' or 'fill port' is installed at the
29
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
177775
Answer
2014-0320
2013-0619
Q#
178766
Answer
30
Q#
if field commnictor 475 does not communicate with
179067 transmitter what will you do ?
Answer 1) Check for 24Vdc? Yes, but assuming the
power supply is 24Vdc, don't expect the
voltmeter to read 24v, unless you're
back in the control panel where the power
supply is.
31
2013-0709
plant.
4) Is the HART device at address 0 (zero)?
The communicator can talk to any address, but
when connecting point-to-point on home run
wired transmitters, the expectation is that the
transmitter will be at HART address 0.
5) Experience will show that there are the
inevitable problems like
- broken or corroded communicator leads or
clips that can go 'open' or be intermittent.
- power supply ripple or EMF induced noise on
the loop circuit can conflict with HART's 1200
baud FSk digital
communications
- some loop device, like a loop isolator or
HART-unfriendly loop indicator has stripped off
the HART signal with a low pass filter, leaving
only the 4-20mA current signal
- wrong version DD so the communicator will
connect but only perform the so-called "common
commands".
Tell 'em Carl sent you.
Q#
what is input and output cards of plc needs to be hot
179567 swappable mean
Answer To 'swap' is to 'exchange'.
2013-0817
2013-0817
Q#
179619
Answer
32
Q#
179776
Answer
2014-0208
2013-0819
2013-08-
It can include
- loop test procedure
- hook-up diagram/instructions
- control/function narrative
- alarm setpoint list
- construction completion certificate
- interlock diagram
- flow sizing sheet
- CoC Certificate of Conformance
- COE Certificate of Origin
- MRT Material Test Report
- NACE certificate
- instrument configuration
(Compliments to Iris)
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
What is difference between magnetic flow transmitter
179846 & Electromagnetic flow transmitter?
Answer Nothing. One is a shortened form of the other
term.
Q#
please explain clearly in PID controller if We increase
179853 P only what will be action of the contrlere.
Answer Any given amount of error will produce less
33
was increased.
17
Q#
yokogawa Temperature transmitter showing Error
179893 15 which is Reverse Cal Fail (confirmation calculation
result is bad) in manual they mentioned reasion That
the output goes to the value set by hardware failure
mode jumper. How can solve this problem ? anybody
can say solution
Answer In the manual (from which you cited) the user
action for error 15 is 'contact service
personnel'.
2013-0817
2013-0819
Q#
Why drum level range is given -500 to 0 mmwc pls
180004 give me that answer
How does any DP cell make a measurement?
Answer
Ans: High side pressure minus low side
pressure
What does a drum level DP cell measure?
A DP transmitter measures the difference in
pressure between
- the water level in the drum (and steam
pressure) and
34
Q#
How many problems can be occurring in solenoid
180065 valve? And how it can be rectified?
The answer warrants an entire discussion.
Answer
See Plant Engineering's article on
troubleshooting solenoid valves
here: http://tinyurl.com/kvmefcm
2013-0824
2013-0824
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
Why we use the double acting control valve in flow
180071 line?
Part of your problem is your terminology.
Answer
Valves are chunks of machined metal and
elastomers, valves are not single action or
double action, the actuator that moves the
valve stem is.
So your Google search should be for double
action actuator, which will provide you an
answer.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
180079
Answer
35
36
Q#
Furnace draft transmitter range is -50 to +50 mmwc. why the impulse
1801 line connected in hp side?
32
Answ A draft range measurement is typically a gauge pressure
0201
measurement, referenced to atmosphere.
er
308Draft range is very, very low pressure, so DP transmitters
31
are typically used because they're readily available in a
'draft' range with the large diaphragms necessary for low
pressure measurements.
The high side is connected to the process with an impulse
tube. The low side is exposed to atmospheric pressure.
Good practice puts a filter, like a scintered pneumatics
filter on the low side, so that dirt doesn't fill the low
side cavity and air movement (wind, passing vehicles) is
buffered and damped to prevent the forces of air movement on
the low side from affecting the draft measurement.
If the impulse line were connected to the low side, the DP
would be negative, a DP subtracts the low side pressure from
the high side pressure (atmosphere minus some positive
pressure = negative pressure).
Convention says that draft range is positive so the impulse
connection is to the high side, to get a positive value.
Tell 'em Carl sent you.
Q#
Good Evening all.My question is - For a feed water line to an
1801 equipment if i need to measure the flow we will use orifice
89
/magnetic/vortex depend on cost/spec.If i need to measure a
''Alarm''signal and ''Interlock'' from one point i think we can use
orifice type in one location with 2 different tapping points - one for
alarm and one for an interlock to flow valve..If in case i need to have
both these signals(Alarm & interlock) from magnetic flow meter,is it
possible??will 2 seperate sensors will be located inbuilt r we can
program it ??..i thk we can have one transmitter with these 2
signals...need to know any technical issues are there?pls clarify
Answ If this is not SIS (safety instrumented), the 4-20mA from
a single flow transmitter can feed a separate I/O modules
er
0201
3(4-20in, relay out) an alarm module and a separate interlock
09module.
05
Or, depending on the converter/transmitter model, most
magmeters have at least one assignable relay output, some
have two relay outputs.
I've always used orifice flange unions that have only one
set of taps. There might be a double tap flange unions, or
I suppose you can drill and weld the pipe for taps. But
again, unless this is SIS, why would you? Decisions made on
a 4-20mA flow signal on a PLC/DCS/Controller/I?O modules can
37
do multiple functions.
If your situation is SIS, you should state that.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
Good Evening all.My question is - For a feed water line to an
1801 equipment if i need to measure the flow we will use orifice
89
/magnetic/vortex depend on cost/spec.If i need to measure a
''Alarm''signal and ''Interlock'' from one point i think we can use
orifice type in one location with 2 different tapping points - one for
alarm and one for an interlock to flow valve..If in case i need to have
both these signals(Alarm & interlock) from magnetic flow meter,is it
possible??will 2 seperate sensors will be located inbuilt r we can
program it ??..i thk we can have one transmitter with these 2
signals...need to know any technical issues are there?pls clarify
Answ It seems you are using a flow meter's relay(s) to generate 0201
alarm signals at various amplitudes: low, low/low, hi,
er
3hi/hi.
0905
The flow meter doesn't really use these alarm signals
itself, rather it generates the alarm signals and provides
the alarm signals to other devices, for whatever purpose,
alarm, annunciation or an interlock.
There might be a flow meter with 3 alarm relays.
know. That's a shopping issue.
I don't
38
Q#
How to calibrate electronic type level switch low?
1801
96
Answ Calibrating a point level switch
er
0201
3Contact level switches detect the presence or absence of the
09medium, whether solid or liquid, by direct contact with the
06
medium. The switch output for most devices is an on/off
binary signal
medium. Some
not modulate,
depending its
Q#
1 How to calculate dp transmitter steam and water? 2 impulse line for
1802 liquid steam and gas
04
Answ The DP pressure/flow transmitter is mounted above the pipe 0201
for gas applications (empty impulse tubing).
er
309The DP pressure/flow transmitter is mounted below the pipe
06
for liquid applications (liquid filled impulse tubing)
Steam flow applications using DP pressure transmitters were
historically mounted below-the-pipe (water filled impulse
tubing, frequently with condensate/seal pots), until
Emerson/Rosemount recently discovered that within certain
temperature limits, a DP transmitter close coupled on a
39
Q#
please tell me how to convert double acting ytc positioner yt-1200 into
1803 single acting ytc positioner ?
37
Answ Many manufacturers make all positioners a double acting
0201
positioner and install a plug in the 2nd port and call the
er
3model with the plugged 2nd port a single acting positioner.
09No guarantee that all manufacturers do so, but it's true for 24
some of them.
You have a double action positioner - install a plug in the
2nd output port, plumb it to air and an actuator, give it
try as a single acting positioner and see if it works.
What do you have to lose?
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
On drum level, why we are using air to close Control valve?
1803
45
Answ If the valve's actuator is Air-to-Close, what state does
it fail-safe state?
er
Check out the article, "How to destroy a boiler - Part 1"
at this link:
http://www.nationalboard.org/index.aspx?pageID=164&ID=238
and scroll down a couple pages to the section entitled "Low
Water Conditions".
The description will provide details that help you
understand what the fail-safe state due to the loss of a
control signal on a boiler feedwater control valve should
be.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
if temperature transmitter is showing wran. sensor 2 fail how can you
1803 remove from the transmitter display m/n.3144p rosemount
62
40
0201
30924
0201
30923
Q#
To calculate temperature, why we multiply 25 with mV?
1804
07
Answ Apparently, your temperature signal is linear across a mV 3201
range, coming from some type of temperature transmitter, and 3er
the mV value represents temperature/25.
0925
If your source is a raw thermocouple signal, then
multiplying by 25 does NOT result in a true temperature
value because
- cold junction compensation has not be applied
- thermocouples are not linear
Temperature transmitters perform both of those tasks, cold
junction compensation and linearization of the output
signal.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
what are the possible reasons if a control valve fails to open/close?
1804
30
Answ I seen 10 to 20 causes for each of these categories, but
I've only listed one as an example.
er
Reasons for valve not closing or opening:
intentional or unintentional
41
5201
30927
Q#
why temperature transmitter is showing ambienttemp.but 21.5ma.
1804 alarm AO showing at the display &how to sloves this problem.
83
Answ When you need troubleshooting assistance you need to
supply certain critical information:
er
1) Has the device ever worked correctly before for some
time period and then failed?
Or is this a first time commissioning issue?
2) What is the brand name and model number of the device?
3) Because all devices have an input and an output, exactly
what each is (is your sensor one thermocouple, two
thermocouples, or one RTD?)
- You do tell us the output is 21.5mA.
4) What are the error codes or what the error symptoms?
- You mention the display shows ambient temperature
5) What you've done to troubleshoot the problem, like
substitute a known source (simulator) and the result
was . . . . ?
Evaluation:
ambient temperature: A short circuit (a wire) across the
terminal inputs of a thermocouple input will display nearto-ambient temperature, specifically the temperature of the
terminal block connectors. The value is the cold junction
compensation (CJC) temperature.
Some high end transmitters will show the CJC temperature.
Is the display stuck on the CJC temperature, rather than
its input?
42
0201
30929
Q#
why temperature transmitter is showing ambienttemp.but 21.5ma.
1804 alarm AO showing at the display &how to sloves this problem.
83
Answ A short circuit (both thermocouple wires touching each
other) in the thermocouple extension wire leads will create
er
0201
3an ambient or near-ambient temperature reading, but I am
unaware of any temp transmitter that can detect that problem 0930
and go to fault mode at 21.5mA.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
what does mean by analog output trim and where this one used for?
1805
41
Answ Analog output trim is done on all process field
transmitters that do not communicate over a digital
er
protocol like Profibus or Foundation Fieldbus.
43
0201
31006
Q#
what sud u do if u dont get feedback from control valve?
1805
57
Answ There's two kinds of feedback from a control valve:
a) the change of the process variable because the valve
er
position changes
0201
31006
Q#
Explain , how timer based pneumatic control valve will work ?
1806
87
Answ The timer forces the on-off pneumatic control to drive
open or closed based on the timer's output state.
er
The timer's output relay activates or deactivates a 3 way
solenoid valve that supplies air to the valve's actuator.
In one timer state, the solenoid valve passes supply air to
the actuator driving the valve to its 'not-failed' state.
In the other timer state, the solenoid stops the air supply
and dumps the existing actuator pressure to atmosphere,
letting the valve assume its 'failed' state, whether open or
closed.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
what are the documentation and instrument identification system
1806 used to identify the correct device to be calibrated? name atleast three.
44
0201
31015
92
Answ - P&ID: tag name/number for the instrument in question,
but not the location
er
- Loop diagram shows tag name/number, has a location
description (field, panel, I/O rack, control room) and
wiring terminals ID (are wires 1578 and 1579 connected to
the instrument in question?)
0201
31015
Q#
what will happen if transmitter wire get shoted?
1807
81
Answ Part I.
Let's assume the question involves a 2 wire, loop powered
er
45
0201
31023
Q#
what is maximum temprature in instrumentation
1807
92
Answ Whatever the manufacturer says the maximum process or
ambient temperature is on the relevant specification sheet.
er
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
What is live zero and dead zero
1808
21
Answ No, no, no.
er
0201
31024
0201
31121
For example, 4-20 mADC, 1-5 VDC, 10-50mV, etc., are all
examples of live zero. 4mA = 0 eng units. 1Vdc = 0 eng
units.
On the other hand, a dead zero is where the signal's value
of zero engineering units is also zero electrical units.
0-20 mADC, 0-100 mV, 0-1Vdc, 0-5 Vdc, 0-5Aac are examples of
zero engineering units equaling zero electrical units.
0mA = 0 eng units; 0Vdc = 0 eng units
The value of a live zero is that zero electrical units
indicates a failed circuit; which could be lack of power, an
open circuit, a short circuit or failed signal source.
Neither live nor dead zero has an bearing on the linearity
or non-linearity of what the electrical signal represents.
Linearities are application specific.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
I HAVE PRESSURE TRANSMITTER WITH TWO WIRES 24
1811 VOLTS SUPPLY.IF TRANSMITTER WILL GIVE SIGNAL TO
07
THE DCS WHAT HAPPEN TO THE 24 VOLTS POWER SUPPLY
IT WILL DROP OR REMAIN TO 24 VOLTS POWER SUPPLY.
Answ The measured voltage across a regulated power supply will
remain at 24Vdc. If the voltage across the power supply
er
0201
3drops below 24Vdc, then either the power supply is too small
11to carry the combined load or it is faulty.
46
26
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
I HAVE PRESSURE TRANSMITTER WITH TWO WIRES 24
1811 VOLTS SUPPLY.IF TRANSMITTER WILL GIVE SIGNAL TO
07
THE DCS WHAT HAPPEN TO THE 24 VOLTS POWER SUPPLY
IT WILL DROP OR REMAIN TO 24 VOLTS POWER SUPPLY.
Answ You describe a situation with a 24Vdc power supply, a 250
ohm dropping resistor and a 2 wire loop powered transmitter
er
at 4.0mA
0201
31203
Q#
Dear all... I have 1 0-400 duplex type RTD, I connected the A side to
1812 the temperature indicator and B side to the PLC panel, but when I
03
have observed then found that The PLC side temp has the variation.
and it was distub to other RTD temp also. so what can I do.
Answ The RTD element is ALWAYS isolated from the sheath. Dual
element RTDs should be isolated from each other.
er
47
0201
4-
0610
Q#
Dear all... I have 1 0-400 duplex type RTD, I connected the A side to
1812 the temperature indicator and B side to the PLC panel, but when I
12
have observed then found that The PLC side temp has the variation.
and it was distub to other RTD temp also. so what can I do.pls help me
Answ An offset in readings from separate RTD's can indicate
0201
a
difference
in
calibration
of
the
analog
input
devices
er
3- a bad RTD element, one that has drifted out of spec
- a common ground issue with ground loops between the analog 1209
input devices
An RTD is supposed to be ungrounded and the two RTD's in a
duplex element are supposed to be electrically isolated from
one another, so it is unlikely the ground loop is unlikely
unless poor wiring of the extension wire or head wiring has
created a connection to ground.
If you're complaining about a small difference of the
indicated temperatures, then get out your cal gear and cal
the inputs.
To check for a bad RTD, I'd take an ohmmeter and see if any
leg on the A side has any connection to the B side by
disconnecting the wiring from each analog input and check
the resistance. If there's a low resistance, it indicates
some connection from A to B. If the extension wires are
then disconnected and the resistance is checked on the RTD
lead wires and the resistance remains, then it's a bad RTD.
If the resistance goes high (open circuit) then the
extension wire is shorting or making a low resistance
connection somewhere.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
Can we used Condensate Pot on flow transmitter which is using on
1812 liquid having sluge and DP transmitter is in pit and below the process
15
line,Can we used Condensate pot for accamulate the Sluge?
Answ Yes, you can use a condensate pot to accumulate the
0201
48
er
sludge.
It's just a version of a "drip leg" that extends down
vertically below the tap or port for the impulse line (at
the datum elevation) to the DP transmitter.
Other methods
are just constructing a drip leg from pipe fittings that are
rated for the temperature and pressure.
31206
Q#
Can we use a 10000 Lph Flow Transmitter in 100 LPH flow line to get
1812 20mA O/P by adjusting SPAN ?
55
Answ You can do whatever you want to with the span adjustment,
0201
but
what
do
you
think
the
results
are
going
to
be?
er
31210000:100 is a 100:1 turndown.
10
Which flow meter technology that uses an analog adjustable
20mA span has 100:1 turndown?
Which flow meter technology has a HART configurable URV with
a 100:1 turndown?
Flow meter accuracy curves ALWAYS bend exponentially upwards
towards increasing uncertainty as the flow approaches zero
low flow.
The lower the flow, the greater uncertainty.
Where do you suppose 100 Lph is on the accuracy curve of a
meter designed for 10000 Lph?
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
What is the relationship between GAIN and PROPORTIONAL
1812 BAND.
67
Answ Proportional Band * gain = 100
er
Proportional Band = 100/gain
Gain = 100/proportional band
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
1812
68
49
0201
31219
Answ
What is the purpose of valve positioner. Explain 4 uses.
er
1) Use supply air pressure to ensure the correct valve
position through feedback control to overcome stiction or
forces on the valve plug.
0201
40208
Q#
What will the new flow factor if D/P Transmitter is RE-RANGED
1812 from 25" WC to 50" WC
75
Answ Answer:
The flow rate at 50.0"wc will be 141.4% of the flow rate at
er
25.5"wc.
Reason:
The design maximum flow rate at 25.0" is 100.0% flow rate.
0201
31219
Q#
What is open loop and close loop?
1814
21
Answ An open loop has no feedback, like a timed operation. For
instance, an irrigation system operates for 45 minutes per
er
day, starting at 10:15 AM.
It does this whether the water
is needed or not, because the controller, the timer, has no
feedback about the need for water.
A closed loop uses feedback. In the irrigation example, a
soil moisture sensor provides feedback to a controller to
let the controller make a decision as to whether irrigation
50
0201
40108
Q#
Where we cant instal mass flow meter.
1815
48
Answ These remarks refer to the use or non-use of a coriolis
mass flow meter.
er
A coriolis mass flow meter should not be used
- where tight shutoff valve(s) cannot be installed upstream
and downstream for the purpose of stopping all flow so that
zeroing the coriolis flow meter can be accomplished (turning
off power to the pump is NOT the same as shutting off the
flow with a ball valve). Otherwise zero shift will plague
the operation.
- in a batch operation where the meter starts empty, then
fills, and at the end might run partially filled, unless
appropriate piping is implemented to keep the Coriolis flow
meter filled with fluid all the time.
- with suspended solids in a liquid medium that are abrasive
[abrasives erode the thin tube(s)]. Reducing the flow
velocity tends to reduce abrasion and erosion. A Coriolis
tube will quickly fail when it carries suspended solids like
sand. Unless of course, frequent replacement is just the
cost of doing business.
- with a corrosive medium that will corrode the flow tube
- with medium that is above the manufacturer's stated
process medium temperature (burns up the electronics)
- with a two phase media (liquids and gas or liquids that
will flash to vapor at the operating pressures and
temperatures)
- with a medium that tends to solidify (Coriolis tubes are
very thin, very light and don't like to be brush
cleaned)unless periodic solvent cleaning is feasible.
- with a medium that tends to coat the tube, unless the
required solvent or mechanical cleaning is feasible.
- where the flow tube is subject to mechanical vibration
- when the meter is mounted where the flow is vertical down
- when the meter is mounted in horizontal piping at a high
51
5201
40124
Q#
Why we use 3-15 psi air for control valve input?
1815
60
Answ Because it's a standard, widely used conventional
pneumatic
er
control transmission range.
The 3-15 psi signal is a standard (ISA SP7) that came from
widespread use even before that standard came into being.
As early as the 1920's pneumatic regulators, pressure and
temperature controllers were using 15 psi at the high end.
Various low end 'live' or elevated zero values were used
before standardization.
Any pneumatic control or transmission signal starts with an
'elevated' or 'live' zero' at 3 psi because there is
internal friction and a fair amount of hysteresis in the
movement of pneumatic components, the flapper, nozzle,
diaphragms, spring preloads, pivots and bellows that make up
the transmitters and receivers. This friction and
hysteresis manifests as non-linearity below 3 psi.
A 3 psi minimum pressure puts the transmission signal into a
linear response range. Obviously, control system
measurements, signal transmission and the receivers need a
linear response to effect accurate and precise control.
Not all pneumatic control signals are in the 3-15 psi range.
The ISA SP7 standard (1996) that addresses instrument air
quality standards also lists 5-25 psi, 6-30 psi, 3-27 psi as
standard pneumatic transmission ranges, along with the
minimum supply pressure associated with each range. These
ranges all include an elevated zero.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
52
Q#
Why we use 250 ohm resister in series hart
181571 communicator?
HART communications requires a minimum of
Answer
2014-0117
2014-0208
Q#
Why we use 250 ohm resister in series hart
181571 communicator?
Answer Answer #2 is not correct because the HART
53
Q#
while stroke checking of a linear control valve ,found
181778 its travel is in non linear ,what can be possible reason ?
( please answer send in mannanali65@gmail.com) pls
pls pls if any body know
The positioner is configured for quick
Answer
opening, equal percentage, or some custom nonlinear characterization.
2014-0206
2014-0324
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
My rtd working well at the same time r/i converter is
181946 not working properly.when power is given to rtd..it is
giving 30mA and getting 2.4 mA if i remove the
compensate leads No matter how many ohms.why it is
happening like so?what is the solution?rtd range-0200deg c& 4-20 mA o/p.please give me solutiin
anyone......
Answer Any 2 wire, loop powered 4-20mA transmitter
that puts out 30mA is broken.
The only
transmitter that puts out 30mA is
a legacy 10-50mA transmitter from 20-30 years
ago.
54
Q#
182000
Answer
2014-0306
2014-0328
2014-0415
Q#
182257
Answer
Q#
can i calibrate DP transmitter online (while Tx in
182438 Service) if yes ,how?
Answer In order to 'wet' calibrate a transmitter (by
55
Q#
I have a orifice installed in plant which is design for
182440 0~100 inH2O for 0~80MMSCFD, now due to process
change the maximum flow is change to 120 MMSCFD
so for this new process value what will be the DP
across orifice.
Answer 100 in H2O = 80 MMSCFD
x
= 120 MMSCFD
2014-0416
2014-0423
Q#
without color coding, without nameplate, without
182481 multimeter how can you find the type of
thermocouple???
Answer Let's assume base metal elements only, since
56
color.
- testing Types J or K with a magnet.
The Type J positive leg is made of iron which
has a very strong magnetic attraction.
The Type K negative leg is made of a nickel
alloy which is mildly magnetic.
Type E is non magnetic, but so are other types.
It can be tricky to distinguish mild attraction
on thin gauge wire.
Testing with a multimeter can be very
misleading, because of the difficulty in
determining both the hot junction AND the
cold junction temperatures. Without accurate
temperature values, of what use is a mV
reading?
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
i want the equation of this question. Tranmitter range
182543 is 120 mmwc and dcs flow range is 1700 nm3/hr. if i
want to change dcs range from 1700 to 2400 nm3/hr
then how much dp i have to enter in transmitter
Answer Answer: 239.2 mmH2O
Present max flow rate = 1700 nm3/hr
Present max DP (at max flow rate) = 120 mm H2O
New max flow rate = 2400 nm3/hr
New max DP (at new max flow rate) = x
2400/1700 = 1.412 or an increase of 141.2% in
flow rate.
The DP and the flow rate relationship is a
square root relationship, but the calculation
is based on normalized percentage.
X = 1.412^2*120
X = 1.993*120
X = 239.2 mmH2O
The increase in max DP from 120 to 239.2 mmH2O
is an increase of 239.2/120 = 1.993 or 199.3%
increase in max DP at max flow rate.
Sq root of 1.993 = 1.412 or 141.2% increase in
max flow rate (2400/1700)
57
2014-0602
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
Difference between ultrasonic flow meter and radar
182624 type flow meter
Answer Difference between ultrasonic flow meter and
radar type flow meter
2014-0612
2014-0508
Q#
WHAT IS A SYMPTOM OF FAULT WITH THE
182647 SPAN OF AN INSTRUMENT? 1)ZERO-POINT AND
100% ARE CORRECT BUT NOT A MID-RANGE.
2)ZERO-POINT IS CORRECT ,BUT 1005 INPUT IS
NOT GIVING 100% OUTPUT. 3)LINEARITY PRBS.
4)1005 O/p IS CORRECT BUT ZEO POINT IS
WRONG.
Answer The correct answer is 2, but number 4 also
requires a span correction.
58
Q#
Can a pneumatic control valve work without
182728 positioner?
Answer Yes, a pneumatic actuator can drive a valve
without a positioner.
2014-0518
2014-0521
Q#
WHAT IS SELF CLEAN ELCTRODE IN
182751 MAGNETIC FLOWMETER?? WHAT DO YOU
MEAN BY THIS TERM??
Answer A magmeter cleaning unit can be used for
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Q#
why to use 3 wire at RTD ? what's the reason for
182811 common wire ?
Answer It is correct that an RTD indicates a change
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2014-0603
Q#
How to convert gpm into inches of eater.I nerd
182888 formula with example so pls help me.
Answer The pressure differential (h) [inches of water
column]developed by a differential pressure
flow element is measured, and the volumetric
flow rate (Q) [gpm] can be
calculated using the following generalized
formula:
2014-0612
2014-0609
Q = kA(h/D)^0.5
k is the discharge coefficient of the element
(which also reflects the units of measurement),
A is the cross-sectional
area of the pipe's opening, and D is the
density of the flowing fluid.
The discharge coefficient k is influenced by
the Reynolds number (see Figure 1-5) and by the
"beta ratio," the ratio between the bore
diameter of the flow restriction and the inside
diameter of the pipe.
Nothing can be determined from only 2 data,
volume in gpm and DP in inches w.c. There is
insufficient data and probably insufficient
attention in the classroom to think that one
converts to the other.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
Pls.could any one Clarify the following with an
182911 example. 1.At What condition Close on Rise and Close
on Fall Pressure Switch contacts are used. 2.If
Pressure is abnormal as per set pressure,if connecting
Terminal of pressure switch breaks,how the voltage
extends to Relay base. 3.Are these contacts come under
fail safe philasaphy.
Answer 1. >At What condition Close on Rise and Close
on Fall Pressure Switch contacts are used.
Close on Rise: the goal is to detect
overpressure in normal operation.
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Common to NO is
logic high state.
Common to NC is
logic low state
Common to NC is
fail-safe
mode that detects
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state.
Either the absence of pressure or an alarm
state will produce a logic low, whether the
setpoint is set for close-on-rise or close-onfall.
Fail-safe pressure switch wiring can not detect
failure conditions like a plugged impulse line
or a valve-blocked impulse line, with the
exception of United Electric's ONE series
electronic pressure switch which has plugged
port detection and an I-AM-WORKING signal mode.
Carl Ellis
Measure First
Q#
how to set calibration range in a DP transmitter to
182917 measure level for a closed tank and for an open
tank,and also please explain me how to set calibration
range for a DP flow transmitter in a line ?
Answer Configuring the range for a DP transmitter
Open tank:
- Flanged DP transmitter
- high side at lower flange
- no remote seals:
- units: water column units = uwc
- LRV = 0.00 uwc
- URV = physical upper level elevation (uwc) *
specific
gravity of fluid
Closed tank:
- flanged DP transmitter
- high side at lower flange
- no remote seals
- dry leg from vapor space above liquid is
piped/connected
to the low side
- LRV = 0.00 uwc
- URV = physical upper level elevation (uwc) *
specific
gravity of fluid
When the receiver (DCS/PLC/indicator/recorder)
receives the
level signal, it converts to physical level
elevation by dividing the process level signal
by the specific gravity and scaling to physical
level units.
Volumetric flow rate with DP transmitter on DP
flow element:
- units: water column units = uwc
- LRV = 0.00
- URV = maximum DP value at the maximum flow
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2014-0610
rate stated
on the sizing sheet of the DP flow element
Whether the signal is square rooted in the
transmitter or in the receiver for conversion
to flow rate is up to the
plant convention/standards.
Q#
While giving Power Supply of 24 VDC to a
182923 Transmitter,why Shield Terminal is connected either
at Transmitter or at ISB.Why not Shield Terminal
connected at both ends.If the Reason is to avoid Noise
interference,which type of noice that is interfering.Is
the Noice from the 24 VDC supply terminals or from
any external source.
Answer 1) A shield (screen) connected at both ends
will carry ground loop current due to the
difference in ground potentials at each end.
shield (screen) carrying current
will induce noise into the wires it is
shielding.
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