ISE 2 Vocabulary for controlled written

exam
EDUCATION
Class
co-educational/"co-ed"
Course
Diploma
dormitories/dorms
Alumna
Alumnae
Alumnus
Alumni
exam/examination
Grade
grading system
holidays/vacation
Homework
Kindergarten
Notebook
nursery school
primary/elementary school
principal/headmaster
private school
Faculty
school year
school year
secondary/high school
Semester
Student
Subject
teacher/professor (university)
to drop out
to learn
to pass
to repeat a grade
to take an exam
to teach

clase
co-educativa / "co-ed"
curso
diploma
residencias / dormitorios
antigua alumna
ex-alumnas
antiguo alumno
alumni
examen / exmenes
grado
sistema de clasificacin
vacaciones / vacaciones
deberes
kindergarten
Cuaderno
Parvulario
la escuela primaria / elemental
principal / cabeza
colegio privado
Profesorado
ao escolar
ao escolar
la escuela secundaria / alta
Semestre
Estudiante
Tema
maestro / profesor (universitario)
a abandonar
para aprender
para pasar
que repetir un grado
tomar un examen
para ensear

PRIMARY SECONDARY
ages 6-11

12-16

compulsory compulsory

SKILLED
TRAINING
16 onwards

courses divided
into modules or
known as CSE units for training
in trades

HIGH SCHOOL
16-18

not compulsory

Vocabulary

There may be more than one answer. Give your reasons .

2.

3.

4.

18 onwards

specialisation in
degree
certain areas with
compulsory subjects not compulsory
like English

not compulsory,
Baccalaureate
although advisable certificate to go to
university

1.

UNIVERSITY

5.

6.

7.

In Spain, school is compulsory between the ages of five and sixteen, before that
children can go to a nursery but because all are privately run families have to pay a
monthly fee. When children are in the nursery, they are not taught much, academically
speaking, although social interaction is considered a lesson in itself.
Primary education continues until the age of eleven. At the early stages of
Primary Schooling children learn to read, write and do simple Maths. At the later stages
English, History and Science together with Art and Music become part of the school
syllabus.
Pupils who wish to enter university usually finish their compulsory secondary
education, also known as CSE and baccalaureate course when they are eighteen.
There are other kinds of further education for those who want to learn
a trade such as catering or specialize in, say, mechanics, at an early stage. Actually, they
can choose a training course at the age of 16.
In recent years, the proportion of young people entering university has risen
dramatically. The variety of degree courses on offer has also widened. It is now
common for students who enter fields such as nursing to be based at university, in fact
one of the best universities for nursing in Spain is right here in Santander.
In the past, there used to be only fee-paying schools, and only rich families
could afford to send their children there. At that time money was a key factor in success
at any degree the student wanted to do. The poor were relegated to menial jobs with few
prospects.
But today, things are very different. Firstly, There are two kinds of independent
schools, some are fee-paying and others are funded with state grants and very small fees
from parents, both belong to the private sector. It is said these schools are selective
although there is no actual proof, as long as the parents pay the fees the students are
accepted.

The rest of the schools , which fall between primary and secondary education,
are part of the state system. Most state secondary schools are non-selective . Unlike in
some countries where children are tested at the age of eleven and the bright ones
are creamed off, Spain does not test them at any age and depend solely on the school
board, the teachers and tutors for "streaming" their students within the school.
Many parents and politicians argue that private schools should be abolished to
allow equality of opportunity for all children. Others insist that a fast track is needed
for gifted pupils and that diversity means more freedom of choice .
I believe freedom of choice is more important that's why if I had a child I would
like this freedom to be respected. Don't you agree?
Possible questions for the portfolio:
1. What kind of education would you choose for your child?
2. What have you got against single sex schools?
3. Don't you think they distract one another when they become teenagers?
4. How about boarding schools? Don't they teach children how to live together?
5. Would you prefer your child to be educated privately or by the state?
6. What's wrong with mixed ability teaching?
7. How is bullying or peer pressure dealt with in your school?
8. Have you ever suffered from bullying? or have you ever bullied somebody?
9. What is the discipline like in your school?
10. What does a teacher do when a student is noisy or disruptive in the classroom?
11. What do you think of homeschooling?
12. Are there boarding schools in Spain? What are the differences?
13. What do the authorities do with truancy?

NATIONAL CUSTOMS
RELIGIOUS
LOCAL

NATIONAL

Weddings

The Virgin of the Sea

Father's Day

Christenings

The Martyr Saints

Mother's Day

First Holy Communion

The Holy Vision

St. John's Night

Christmas

Village Ftes

St. Fermin

The Three Wisemen's Day

Legends of ojancana....

Carnival

Easter

Ides of March

Halloween

All Saint's Day

Summer festival

bull fighting

9-pin Bowling

bull running

music festivals
Medieval Market

orchestra
parade
pins
ball
costumes
gifts
house to house
miracle
fishing boats
decorations
holidays

Words that go with the customs above

water
bulls
mass
market
processions
eggs
tournaments
picnics
sing songs
folk music
turkey
stalls
fireworks
Virgin Mary
cross
spring
presents
bonfire
floats
pray
beach
clowns
trick or treat
ghosts
parties
tinsel
candles
witches
specialities
dances
seafood
flowers
traffic jams

sardines
hearts
bless
outdoor dancing
statue
harlequins
nougat
camels
statue
tree
cake

Possible questions for the portfolio:

1. Which custom is your favourite and why?
2. What do you do at Christmas?
3. What customs are there in summer?
4. Do you ever give presents?
5. What was your favourite, which you received at Christmas?
6. Do you believe in ghosts ?

7. Have you ever dressed up?

8. What did you do last Easter?
9. Do Spanish people go on holidays at Easter?
10. What is so special about summer?
11. How ethical is bull fighting?
12. Is it simply cruelty to animals or just a tradition?
13. Have you ever wanted to go bull running?
14. What dangers are there to this activity?
15. Do you know anybody who has taken part in bull running?
16. Why do people take part in dangerous activities like bull running?
17. Are there any traditions that have been imported from other countries?

VILLAGE AND CITY LIFE

Accomodation
admission fee
Brochure
camping site, campsite
car rental (US)
car hire (GB)
car park (GB)
Caravan
city centre (GB)
Cruise
double room
double room with twin beds
downtown (US)
Flight
Fortnight
Guesthouse
Guide
high season
hiking trail
holidays (GB)

Alojamiento
cuota de ingreso
Folleto
camping, camping
alquiler de coches (EE.UU.)
alquiler de coches (GB)
aparcamiento (GB)
Caravana
centro de la ciudad (GB)
Crucero
habitacin doble
habitacin doble con dos camas
centro (EE.UU.)
Vuelo
Quincena
casa de huspedes
Orientar
temporada alta
ruta de senderismo
vacaciones (GB)

Holidaymaker
Hostel
Hotel
hotel chain
Inn
low season
motor-home
one-way ticket (US)
package deal
parking lot (US)
Resort
return ticket (GB)
round ticket (US)
Season
sightseeing tour
single ticket (GB)
single room
Sightseer

Turista
Albergue
Hotel
cadena de hoteles
Posada
temporada baja
motor-home
billete de ida (EE.UU.)
Paquete
aparcamiento (EE.UU.)
Recurrir
billete de vuelta (GB)
billete de ida (EE.UU.)
Temporada
visita turstica
billete sencillo (GB)
habitacin individual
Turista

In the past, Spain was a country mainly dedicated to agriculture for its
livelyhood. Villages were full of families with many children, all and I mean all of them
worked on the land. Families were big, five children upwards and although nearly all
the villages had a village school, education was not high up in the agenda. Most
offspring followed in their fathers footsteps. Cities were for "cultured people" business
men, engineers, architects and so on. These people usually had more money than
villagers and often went to university.
Then, around the 60's there was a social change, a vast number of villagers left
their homes in search of a better life in the cities. So slowly but surely villages were
emptied of "young people" in fact there is a good number of "ghost villages up and
down Spain".
The villagers who moved to the city found that they were actually better off.
Spain's economy was growing and there were plenty jobs available. These people had
fixed working hours, (unlike in the village where work was from dawn till dusk) they
also had a month's holiday which was paid for by the company, (something which they
never had in the village) their children could go to school instead of working the land.
There were all the ammenities near at hand, all kinds of entertainment and so
on....Indeed, they felt they were better off!
Nowadays things have changed yet again. Villages are filling up once again but
not with farmers, in fact, townsfolk are trying to escape the stress of city life by going
back to nature. These citizens are buying up old, deteriorated village houses and doing
them up, so that at weekends they can get away from the hustle and bustle of the boring

daily routine in the city. Other people have sold up their belongings and gone to live in
the village, they make a living by converting large old houses into "village inns" where
city folk who can't afford a house of their own can escape that stress.
Life in the village is now peaceful for most. Of course there are still farmers in
villages, but their life today is much better than in the past as they have all kinds of
machines and gadgets to make their work easier. I wonder what kind of changes there
will be in the future. Maybe people will all decide to live in peace and quiet in villages
and the cities will become empty!
If I had the chance to work from home, I would certainly choose to live in a
village although I would need to be fairly near a big city so that I had the best of both
worlds!
Possible questions for the portfolio
1. Where would you like to live in the future and why?
2. What kind of entertainment is there in a village?
3. What ammenities are there in a city that make life easier?
4. Is there much pollution in the country?
5. What disadvantages are there to living in a city? And in a village?
6. How has life in villages changed in the last 20 years?
7. What job opportunities are there in a village and in a city?
8. Is there much crime in cities and in villages?
9. Where would you recommend living?
10. What are the main differences to living in a city or a village?

NATIONAL AND LOCAL PRODUCE AND PRODUCTS.

EARLY MEMORIES

USED TO+ INF

DIDN'T USE TO + INF
DID YOU USE TO + INF ?

BE USED TO + ING

GET USED TO +
ING

USO DE "WOULD"
SIGNIFICANDO SOLIA
REMEMBER + ING

SOLIA
ESTAR
ACOSTUMBRADO A
O EL IMPERFECTO PARA
HABLAR DE ALGO QUE HOY HACER ALGO
DIA YA NO SE HACE

ACOSTUMBRARSE
A ALGO

Possible questions for the portfolio:

How did you used to feel when you started going to school?
Did you ever feel frustrated when your parents told you off for something that you did?
Have you ever seen a film that made you feel afraid?
How did you use to feel as a child after seen a scary movie?

What things did you use to do five years ago?

Can you tell me an anecdote about your childhood?
Do you have an anecdote?

POLLUTION AND RECYCLING

acid rain
carbon dioxide
Chemicals
climate change
Conservation
Contaminant
Contamination
Deforestation
eco-friendly
Ecological
Ecologist
Ecosystem
Effluent
endangered species
Environment
Environmental
environmentalist
environmentally friendly
Extinction
garbage disposal (US)
garbage separation (US)
global warming
greenhouse effect
noise pollution
nuclear radiation
Organic
Ozone
ozone-friendly
ozone layer
Pollution
radioactive substance
radioactive waste
Radioactivity
Recyclable
Recycled

lluvia cida
dixido de carbono
productos qumicos
cambio climtico
Conservacin
Contaminante
Contaminacin
Deforestacin
respetuoso del medio ambiente
Ecolgico
Ecologista
Ecosistema
Efluente
especies en peligro de extincin
medio ambiente
Ambiental
Ambientalista
el medio ambiente
extincin
recogida de basuras (EE.UU.)
separacin de la basura (EE.UU.)
calentamiento global
efecto invernadero
la contaminacin acstica
la radiacin nuclear
orgnico
ozono
no daador a la capa de ozono
capa de ozono
polucin
sustancia radiactiva
residuos radiactivos
radioactividad
reciclable
reciclado

Recycling
Reforestation
Sewage
sewage farm (GB)
sewage plant (US)
sewage works (GB)
Smog
solar energy
sulphur dioxide (GB)
sulfur dioxide (US)
toxic waste
waste separation (GB)
waste disposal (GB)
wind power
to become extinct
to conserve
to contaminate
to die out
to poison
to pollute
to recycle

reciclaje
repoblacin forestal
aguas residuales
las aguas residuales agrcolas (GB)
planta de aguas residuales (EE.UU.)
obras de alcantarillado (GB)
niebla con humo
energa solar
dixido de azufre (GB)
dixido de azufre (EE.UU.)
residuos txicos
separacin de residuos (GB)
eliminacin de residuos (GB)
energa elica
en vas de extincin
para conservar
para contaminar
a morir
para envenenar
a contaminar
para reciclar

The greenhouse effect is a global environmental problem as it affects all

individuals in all the countries all over the world. This implies that international
cooperation among countries will be needed to reach an efficient solution to this
problem.
The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences
because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,
and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would
escape back into space and Earths average temperature would be about 60F colder.
Because of how they warm our world, these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases.
The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth
would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes
stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may
cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.

Global warming may be a big problem, but there are many little things we can
do to make a difference. If we try, most of us can do our part to reduce the
amount of greenhouse gases that we put into the atmosphere. Many greenhouse
gases come from things we do every day.

As we have learned, these greenhouse gases trap energy in the atmosphere and
make the Earth warmer. Driving a car or using electricity is not wrong. We just
have to be smart about it.Some people use less energy by carpooling. For
example, four people can ride together in one car instead of driving four cars to
work.

Here are some additional ways you can help make the planet a better place!

Save Electricity: Whenever we use

electricity, we help put greenhouse gases
into the air. By turning off lights, the tv,
and the computer when you are through
with them, you can help a lot.

Talk to Your Family and Friends about

global warming. Let them know what
you've learned.

Bike, Bus, and Walk: You can save

energy by sometimes taking the bus,
riding a bike, or walking.

Plant Trees: it is fun and a great way to

reduce greenhouse gases. Trees absorb
carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from
the air.

Recycling: recycle cans, bottles, plastic When You Buy, Buy Cool Stuff: There are
bags, and newspapers. When you
lots of ways we can improve the
recycle, you send less trash to the
environment. One of the ways to reduce
landfill and you help save natural
the amount of greenhouse gases that we
resources, like trees, oil, and elements
put into the air is to buy products that
such as aluminum.
don't use as much energy.
Solar Energy: it is a fancy way of saying
"energy that comes from the sun." Solar
energy can be used to heat homes,
buildings, water, and to make electricity.
Today, more than 200,000 houses in the
United States take advantage of the sun's
energy.
Cars: they are an important part of life
for most people. But cars also cause
pollution and release a lot of greenhouse
gases into the air. Fortunately, there are
some cars that are better for the
environment. These cars can travel
longer on a smaller amount of gasoline.
They don't pollute as much, either. Using
these kinds of cars can help reduce the
amount of greenhouse gases in the air.

Average global temperature has increased by almost 1F over the past century; scientists
expect the average global temperature to increase an additional 2 to 6F over the next
one hundred years. This may not sound like much, but it could change the
Earth's climate as never before. At the peak of the last ice age (18,000 years ago), the
temperature was only 7F colder than it is today, and glaciers covered much of North
America! What Might Happen?
It is important to understand that scientists don't know for sure what global
warming will bring. Some changes brought about by global warming will be good. If
you live in a very cool climate, warmer temperatures might be welcome. Days and
nights could be more comfortable and people in the area may be able to grow different
and better crops than they could before. But it is also true that changes in some places
will not be very good at all.
Human Health
Climate change may affect people's health both directly and indirectly. For
example, heat stress and other heat related health problems are caused directly by very
warm temperatures and high humidity. Untreated, heat stress can be a very serious
medical problem. Scientists suspect that, in many places, global warming will increase
the number of very hot days that occur during the year. More hot days increases the
possibility of heat related health problems.
Indirectly, ecological disturbances, air pollution, changes in food and water
supplies, and coastal flooding are all examples of possible impacts that might affect
human health.
How people and nature adapt to climate change will determine how seriously
it impacts human health. Some people and places are likely to be affected more than
others. Generally, poor people and poor countries are less likely to have the money and
resources they need to cope with preventing and treating health problems. Very young
children and the elderly adults will run the highest risks.
Ecological Systems
Climate change may alter the world's habitats and ecosystems all living things
are included in and rely on these places. Many of these places depend on a delicate
balance of rainfall, temperature, and soil type. A rapid change in climate could upset this
balance and seriously endanger many living things.
Most past climate changes occurred slowly, allowing plants and animals to adapt to
the new environment or move somewhere else. However, if future climate changes
occur as rapidly as some scientists predict, plants and animals may not be able to react
quickly enough to survive. The ocean's ecosystems also could be affected for the same
reasons.
Sea Level Rise

Global warming may make the sea level become higher. Why? Well,
warmer weather makes glaciers melt. A glacier is a large sheet of ice that moves very,
very slowly. Some melting glaciers add more water to the ocean. Warmer temperatures
also make water expand. When water expands in the ocean, it takes up more space and
the level of the sea rises.
Oceanfront property would be affected by flooding, and beach erosion could
leave structures even more vulnerable to storm waves. Whether we move back from the
water or build barricades in the face of a rising sea, it could cost billions of dollars to
adapt to such change. Coastal flooding also may reduce the quality of drinking water in
coastal areas.
Crops and Food Supply
Global warming may make the Earth warmer in cold places. People living in
these places may have a chance to grow crops in new areas. But global warming also
might bring droughts to other places where we grow crops. In some parts of the world,
people may not have enough to eat because they cannot grow the food that they need.