1/PHG/2011/Nutrition

Diagram 1 shows the structure of a plant cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur satu set tumbuhan.

(a
)

(i)

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
In Diagram 1, label S dan T. / Pada Rajah 1, labelkan S dan T
[2 marks]

(ii)

State the function of structure S and cell wall.

Nyatakan fungsi struktur S dan dinding sel
S: ________________________________________________________________

(b
)

Cell wall / dinding sel : _______________________________________________

[2 marks]
Explain structure T and how it is involved to maintain the turgidity of plant cell
Terangkan struktur T dan bagaimana a terlibat dalam mengekalkan
kesegahan satu sel tumbuhan.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]

(c)

Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1

Diagram 1.1 above shows the cross section of a leaf. Based on the diagram, explain
the adaptations of the leaf to carry out photosynthesis.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas daun. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, terangkan
penyesuaian-penyesuaian daun untuk menjalankan proses fotosintesis.
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
2/Zone A Kuching/2011/Nutrition
Diagram 1 shows a longitudinal-section of a part of the wall of human small intestine.

W
Z

Diagram 1
(a)

Name the parts labelled

W:__________________________________
X: __________________________________
Y: __________________________________
Z: __________________________________
[4 marks]

(b)

The structure Z is involved in the absorption of digested food. State two adaptations of Z
that can help it to function efficiently.
1: ______________________________________________________________________

(c)

(d)

2: ______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
Explain what will happen to the glucose in the body after it is absorbed by Y.
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
What are the differences in the composition of fluid in W and Y?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
3/Zone A Kuching/2011/Nutrition
Diagram 2 shows a cross section of a leaf.

Q
Q

Stoma

Diagram 2
(a)

(i)

Name the structure labelled Q.

___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii)

State two tissues that form the structure named in (a)(i).

1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(b)

Explain how the part labelled P is adapted for optimal photosynthesis.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(c)
In different habitats, plants have different distribution of stomata and
chloroplasts.
Explain how the above statement enables the following plants to carry out photosynthesis
at an optimum rate.
(i) Aquatic plants

___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii)

(d)

Plants in desert

___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
Explain the importance of green plants to living organisms.

________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

4/PP/2011/Nutrition
Table 2 shows daily nutrient requirements of 4 individuals.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan keperluan nutrien harian bagi empat individu.
Individual / individu

Child (6 years)
Kanak-kanak (6 tahun)
Female (18 years)
Perempuan (l8 tahun)
Active Male (18 years)
Lelaki aktif (18 tahun)
Woman in confinement who
practices breast feeding
Perempuan yang baru
bersalin dan menyusu
bayinya

Energy(kJ)
Tenaga (kJ)

Calcium (g)
Kalsium(g)

Iron (mg)
Besi (mg)

7000

Protein (g per kg
body weight)
Protein (g per kg
berat badan)
2.8

1.2

9000

0.9

1.0

12

14,000

1.0

1.0

10

12,500

2.3

2.1

18

Table 2 / Jadual 2
(a)

(i)

What is the difference in kJ the energy requirement of an active male compared to

a 6 year-old child?
Apakah perbezaan keperluan tenaga dalam kJ di antara seorang lelaki aktif
berbanding dengan seorang kanak-kanak berumur 6 tahun?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain why the difference in (a)(i) exists.

Terangkan mengapa ada perbezaan ini.

_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) Why does the active male require less iron compared to the female who is 18 years old?
Mengapa lelaki aktif memerlukan kurang zat besi berbanding dengan perempuan yang
berumur 18 tahun?

______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(c) (i)

Explain why a child who is 6 years old requires more protein than an active male
who is 18 years old.
Terangkan mengapa kanak-kanak yang berumur 6 tahun memerlukan Iebih
protein berbanding dengan lelaki aktif yang berumur 18 lahun.

_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii)

Explain why the bodys protein requirement can be met by eating meat or eggs
rather than eating nuts.
Terangkan mengapa keperluan protein dalam badan kita boleh diperolehi apabila
daging atau telur dimakan, tetapi tidak mencukupi jika kita hanya memakan
kekacang.

_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(d) Why the woman did in confinement and breastfeeding requires higher calcium in her
diet?
Mengapakah seorang perempuan yang baru bersalin dan menyusu bayinya perlu
kandungan kalsium yang lebih tinggi dalam gizinya?

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(e) Based on the above table, state two other factors which affect the energy requirements of
an individual.
Berdasarkan jadual diatas, nyatakan dua faktor yang lain yang mempengaruhi
keperluan tenaga bagi seseorang individu.

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

5/JOHOR/2011/ Nutrition
Diagram 5.1 shows a food pyramid
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan piramid makanan

Lipid, salt and sugar

Lemak, garam dan gula
Meat, chicken, fish and milk

Q Daging, ayam, ikan dan susu

Fruits and vegetables

R Buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran

bread, noodle and potatoes
s Rice,
Nasi, roti, mee dan kentang

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1

(a)

P, Q, R and S are the different classes of food that make up the balanced diet.
P, Q, R dan S adalah kelas-kelas makanan yang berbeza dalam gizi seimbang.
(i)

(ii)

(b)

Name the class of food labeled R

Namakan kelas makanan berlabel R
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
State the functions of food in R
Nyatakan fungsi makanan di dalam R

.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
Junk food is food that is high in sugar, salt and fat. Explain the health problems faced by individual
who continuously taken this food.
Makanan rapu adalah makanan yang tinggi kandungan gula, garam dan lemak.Terangkan masalah
kesihatan yang dihadapi oleh individu yang mengambil makanan ini secara berterusan.
................
................
................
[3 marks] / [3 markah]

(c)

Table 5 shows the type and quantity of food taken by a moderately active adult man and a boy aged
15 years old.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan jenis dan kuantiti makanan yang diambil oleh lelaki dewasa sederhan aktif
dan kanak-kanak lelaki berumur 15 tahun.
Quantity taken/g
Kuantiti diambil/g
Type of
food
Jenis
makanan

Rice
Nasi
White bread
Roti putih
Butter
Mentega
Potato
kentang
Milk
Susu
Banana
Pisang
Chicken
Ayam

Energy/kJ
per 100g
Tenaga/kJ
per 100g

Energy obtained/kJ
Tenaga diperolehi/kJ
boy aged
moderately
15 years
active adult
old
man
KanakLelaki
kanak
dewasa
lelaki
sederhana
berumur
aktif
15 tahun

moderately
active adult
man
Lelaki dewasa
sederhana
aktif

boy aged 15
years old
Kanak-kanak
lelaki berumur
15 tahun

300

400

2 000

100

150

1500

1500

50

50

3 000

1500

1500

100

100

500

500

500

100

200

300

300

600

50

100

50

25

50

200

200

800

1600

1600

8000

Total energy obtained

Jumlah tenaga diperolehi
Table 5 / Jadual 5
(i)

Complete Table 5 by calculating the total energy obtained by each individual.

Lengkapkan Jadual 5 dengan menghitung jumlah tenaga yang diperolehi oleh setiap
individu.
[2 marks] / [2 markah]

(ii)

Explain why boy aged 15 years old need more daily energy requirement when compared to
moderately active adult man.
Terangkan mengapa budak lelaki berumur 15 tahun memerlukan lebih keperluan tenaga
harian berbanding lelaki dewasa yang sederhana aktif.
.................
.....................
.............................
.........
[2 marks] / [2 markah]

(d)

Diagram 5.2 shows a boy suffering from nutrient deficiency disease.

Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2

(i)

Identify the deficiency disease shown in Diagram 5.2.

Kenalpasti penyakit kekurangan nutrien yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(ii)

State the cause of the disease and possible effects on children.

Nyatakan punca penyakit dan kemungkinan kesan yang dialami oleh kanak-kanak.
.............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks] / [2 markah]

6/N9/2011/ Nutrition
Diagram 2.1 shows a longitudinal section through a part of a dicotyledon leaf.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan keratan bujur sebahagian daun dikotiledon.

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

(a)

Name structures R and Y / Namakan struktur R dan Y.

R:
Y: ....
[2 marks / markah]

(b)

On Diagram 2.1, draw and label three arrows to show the path of raw materials into Y.
Pada rajah 2.1, lukis dan label tiga anak panah untuk menunjukkan laluan bahan mentah ke Y.
[3 marks / markah]

(c)

Diagram 2.2 shows the detailed structure of Y / Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur terperinci Y.

Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

Describe the photosynthetic reactions that occur in structures P and Q.

Huraikan tindakbalas fotosintesis yang berlaku di struktur P dan Q.
Structure P / Struktur P :
..
..
Structure Q / Struktur Q :
..
..
[3 marks / markah]
(d)

(e)

Write down the equation for photosynthesis.

Tuliskan persamaan bagi tindakbalas fotosintesis.
...
[1 mark / markah]
The process of photosynthesis contributes to the balance of nature.
Proses fotosintesis menyumbang kepada keseimbangan alam.
(i)

(ii)

State one importance of photosynthesis that maintains the balance of nature.

Nyatakan satu kepentingan fotosintesis yang dapat mengekalkan keseimbangan alam.
.
[1 mark / markah]
Explain how air pollution can reduce the rate of photosynthesis.
Terangkan bagaimana pencemaran udara boleh mengurangkan kadar fotosintesis.

[2 marks / markah]

7/Kelantan/2011/Nutrition

(a
)

Diagram 8 shows a stomach and its wall of human digestive system.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan organ perut serta lapisan dindingnya dalam sistem
pencernaan manusia.

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

(i)

Explain the physical and chemical digestion in stomach.

Terangkan pencernaan fizikal dan kimia di perut.
[6 marks/6
markah]

(ii) Explain the effects if Q in stomach are unable to produce hydrochloric acid in

food digestion.
Terangkan kesan jika Q di perut tidak dapat menghasilkan asid hidroklorik dalam
pencernaan makanan.

[4 marks/4 markah]

(b
)

Table 8.1 and Table 8.2 show two different type of lunch menu for a student.
Jadual 8.1 dan Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan dua jenis menu makan tengah hari
yang berbeza bagi seorang pelajar.

Nasi beriani

1 plate

Plain rice

1 plate

Nasi beriani

1 pinggan

Nasi kosong

I pinggan

Beef curry

1 bowl

Fish soup

1 bowl

Kari daging

1 mangkuk

Sup ikan

1 mangkuk

Fried chicken

2 pieces

Ayam goreng

2 ketul

Sayur campur
goreng

1 mangkuk

Ice cream

2 pieces

Papaya

1 slice

Ais krim

2 batang

Betik

Sepotong

Syrup

1 glass

Orange juice

1 glass

Sirap

I gelas

Jus oren

I gelas

Fried Mix vegetable

1 bowl

Table 8.1: Menu A

Table 8.2: Menu B

Jadual 8.1: Menu A

Jadual 8.2: Menu B

Describe both menu and choose the best menu for a student to practise a
healthy lifestyle.
Huraikan kedua-dua menu dan pilih menu terbaik bagi seorang pelajar
untuk mengamalkan cara hidup sihat .
[10 marks/10 markah]