propria(6), muscularis mucosa(7) Submucosa(8) : connective tissue cells and fibers, blood vessel, nerves Musculars externa(13) Serosa : viceral peritonium(3), mesentery(17) --> covers the transverse colon and sigmoid colon. Colon doesnt have villi or plica circulares Luminal surface of mucosa is smooth Mucosa and submucosa --> exhibit temporaly folds Lamina propria(6) and submucosa(8) are lumpatic nodules(9,11) Inner circular muscle layer(16) = continuous in the colon wall, whereas theouter muscle layer is condensed in 3 broad, longitunal bands called taeniae coli Outer longitudinal muscle layer(15) = discontinuous, found between taenia coli (1,10) Transverse and sigmoid colon are attached to the body wall by mesentery(18)
Simple columnar ephitelium contains absorptive columnar cells(1) and
mucus-filled goblet cells(2,6) --> increase in number toward the terminal end of the colon Absorptive columnar cells = to absorb water and minerals Goblet cells = produce mucus for lubricating the lumen of the large intestine to facilitate passage of the feces. Intestinal glands(4) (crypts of lieberkuhn) --> deep and straight and extend through the lamina propria(3) to muscularis mucosa(8) Lamina propria(3) and submucosa(9) = filled w/ aggregations of lymphatic cells and lymphatic nodules (5,7)
Serosa(7) = covers connective tissue and adipose cells(17)
Lining ephithelium(1) = contains goblet cells
Lamina propria shows intestinal glands(5) = are less well developed, shorter, often spaced farther apart than those in colon Diffuse lymphatic tissue(6) = abundant and often present in the submucosa Lymphatic nodules (4,9) w/ germinal centers are numerous and highly characteristic of the appendix. Serosa(10) = adipose cells(13)
Surface epithelium(1) of the lumen(5) = simple columnar cells with
striated borders and goblet cells Intestinal glands(4), adipose cells (12) and lymphatic nodules(10) similar with colon Adventitia(9) = covers a portion of the rectum
Anorectal junction(7) = transition from the simple columnar epithelium(1)
to the stratified squamous epithelium(8). Lamia propria(2) more prominent Solitary lymphatic nodules911) numerous Lamina propria(2) of rectum replaced by dense irregular connective tissue of the lamina propria of the anal canal(9) Submucosa(5) of the rectum merges with the connective tissue in the lamina propria of the anal canal, a region that is highly vascular. Internal hemorrhoidal plexus(10) of veins lies in the mucosa of the anal canal Muscularis externa(6) increases in thickness in the upper region of the anal canal and forms the internal anal sphincter(6) Lower in the anal canal, the internal anal sphincter(6) is replaced by skeletal muscles of the external anal sphincter(12) Internal to the external anal sphincter(12) is the skeletal levator ani muscle(13)