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810
16.810
Instructor(s)
Prof. Olivier de Weck
Given by TA
Follow along step-by-step
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Course Concept
today
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Learning/Review
Problem statement
Deliverables
Hand sketching
CAD Introduction
CAD design
FEM/Solid Mechanics
Xfoil Airfoil Analysis
FEM/Xfoil analysis
Optimization
optional
Parts Fabrication
Design Optimization
CAM Manufacturing
Training
Structural & Wind
Tunnel Testing
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Assembly
Test
Final Review
Numerical Method
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Elastic problems
Governing Equation
(Differential equation)
Thermal problems
L( ) +
f = 0
Fluid flow
Electrostatics
etc.
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Boundary Conditions
B( ) + g = 0
Elastic deformation
Thermal behavior
etc.
Governing
Equation:
L( ) + f = 0
Boundary
Conditions:
B( ) + g = 0
FEM
Approximate!
A set of simultaneous
algebraic equations
[K ]{u} = {F}
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[K ]{u} = {F}
Property
{u} = [K]1{F}
Action
Behavior
Unknown
Property
[K ]
Behavior
{u}
Action
{F}
Elastic
stiffness
displacement
Thermal
conductivity
temperature
heat source
Fluid
viscosity
velocity
body force
Electrostatic
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Dielectric permittivity
electric potential
force
charge
It is very difficult to solve the algebraic equations for the entire domain
Divide the domain into a number of small, simple elements
A field quantity is interpolated by a polynomial over an element
Adjacent elements share the DOF at connecting nodes
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[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K E ]{u E } = {F E }
[K ]{u} = {F}
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[K ]{u} = {F
}
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{u} = [K]1{F}
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Concepts - Summary
[K ]{u} = {F}
Kx = F
K: Stiffness matrix
x: Displacement
Property
Action
F: Load
Behavior
x
F
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Brief History
- The term finite element was first coined by Clough in 1960. In the early
1960s, engineers used the method for approximate solutions of problems
in stress analysis, fluid flow, heat transfer, and other areas.
- The first book on the FEM by Zienkiewicz and Chung was published in
1967.
- In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the FEM was applied to a wide variety
of engineering problems.
Reference [2]
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- Dynamics
- Heat problems
- Electrostatic problems
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Commercial Software
User
Computer
User
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Preprocess
Process
Postprocess
Build a FE model
See results
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Preprocess (1)
2-D
Linear
Truss
3-D
Quadratic
Beam
Shell
Plate
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E, , , , L
Solid
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Preprocess (2)
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[7] Process
- Solve the boundary value problem
[8] Postprocess
- See the results
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Displacement
Stress
Strain
Natural frequency
Temperature
Time history
20
200 mm
Displacement (mm)
1 ms pressure pulse
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Approximated
domain
Domain
- Geometry is simplified.
FEM
True deformation
Linear element
Quadratic element
Cubic element
FEM
Area:
-1
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1
1
f
(
x
)
dx
f
f
1
3
3
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Plane Stress
Plane Strain
z = 0
z = 0
thickness
thickness 0
sheet
3-D
dam
z
2-D
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Truss
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Beam
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2 = 1.41421356,
e.g.)
= 3.14159265
- Numerical Difficulties
e.g.) Very large stiffness difference
k1 >> k2 , k2 0
[(k1 + k2 ) k2 ]u2 = P u2 =
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P P
k2 0
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Mistakes by Users
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References
Robert Cook, Finite Element Modeling For Stress Analysis, John Wiley & Sons,
1995
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