Building, Running and Analyzing

Different Types of Fluid Models

(Dry Gas, Wet Gas, Gas Condensate)
(Volatile Oil, Black Oil, Heavy Oil)

Using

WinProp

Exercise 1 (Required File: Five Fluid Types Data.xls)

Objective: Modelling of five fluid type i.e. Dry gas, wet gas, Gas condensate, volatile oil
and Black oil.
.

Double click on the WinProp icon in the Launcher and open the WinProp
interface.

Double click on Titles/EOS/Units and write Dry gas/Wet gas/Gas

condensate/Volatile oil/Black oil in the comments and the Title1 section
depending on the case you are modelling. Select PR 1978 and the equation of state
to be used in characterizing the fluid model, select Psia & deg F as the units
and Feed as mole. Click OK.

Open component selection form and insert the library components in the
following order: CO2, N2, C1, C2, C3, IC4, NC4, IC5, NC5, and FC6. (The order
of selection in important!).

In all cases except Dry Gas also, characterize the C7 fraction with a single
pseudocomponent by inserting a user defined component. Click on options
button in the component definition form and select insert own component
based on specific gravity (SG), boiling point (TB) and molecular weight (MW).
Use the properties given in the file: Five Fluid Types Data.xls. Your
component definition form should look like Figure1 for Dry gas and Figure 2 in
case of other fluid types.

Figure1: Component definition for case of Dry Gas

Open the "composition form" and input the mole fractions of the primary
composition as mentioned in the file: Five Fluid Types Data.xls. The
secondary corresponds to the injection fluid (if applicable).

Insert two phase flash calculation form" into the WinProp interface. Open this
form by double clicking on it and under the comments section type Standard
condition flash. We are planning to perform a flash at 14.7 Psia and 60 deg.F.
Leave other calculation options as default. The feed composition is subjected to
mixed i.e. primary and secondary composition. The two-phase flash calculation
form should look like as shown in Figure 3.

Insert Saturation pressure calculation Form" into the WinProp Interface to

perform a saturation pressure calculation at the reservoir temperature.

. Double click and open the saturation pressure calculation form. Under the
comments type Psat at reservoir temperature. Also, input the reservoir
temperature and saturation pressure estimate as 180 F and 1000 Psia respectively.
The input value of saturation pressure estimate is used as an initial guess by
WinProp during the iteration processes for calculating the actual saturation
pressure.
.

We would also like to generate a pressure-temperature phase diagram. Insert a

two-phase Envelope form in the Main WinProp interface. Open the form by
double clicking on it and type in P-T envelope under the comments section.
Input the data as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 2: Component definition for other fluid types

Figure 3: Two phase flash calculation at standard condition.

Figure 4: Input data for two-phase envelop calculation.

Create plots of phase properties vs. pressure at the reservoir temperature using
the 2-phase flash calculation. Examples of properties which may be plotted are:
Z-factors, phase fractions, densities, molecular weights, K-values, etc. This can be
done by adding another Two-phase Flash calculation from. Type in comments as
Phase properties as function of pressure. Input the reservoir temperature as
180 deg F, temperature step as 0 and No. of temperature step as 1. Input the
reservoir pressure as 250 Psia, pressure step of 250 Psia and No. of pressure steps
as 12 for dry and wet gas case whereas 24 for gas condensate, volatile oil and
black oil. The reservoir temperature would also change depending on the case
you are modelling as mentioned in the file: Five Fluid Types Data.xls

In the plot control tab of two-phase calculation form select the properties
depending on the case as follows:
No.
1
2
3

Case
Dry Gas
Wet gas
Gas Condensate, Volatile Oil & Black oil

Plot Property
Z compressibility factor
Z compressibility factor
Phase volume fraction,
Z factor, K-values (y/x)

For all the oil cases, add a single-stage separator calculation with separator
pressure of 100 psia and separator temperature of 75 F.

The final WinProp interface should look like Figure 5.

Figure 5: WinProp interface for modeling Dry Gas case.

Save the WinProp file as drygas.dat and run it

Repeat Items 1 to 14 and build a dat file for other types of fluid and save them as
wetgas.dat, gascondensate.dat, volatileoil.dat, blackoil.dat files
respectively and then run.

Note: You are now able to analyze the results in terms of the criteria for definition of
each of the fluid types. The plots for different cases are shown in Figures 6 to 14.
Dry Gas
P-T envelope : P-T Diagram
1400

Pressure (psia)

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-100.0

-80.0

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

Tem perature (deg F)

2-Phase boundary

Critical

Figure 6: 2-Phase P-T diagram for Dry Gas case.

Dry Gas
Phase properties as fn(P) : Phase Properties (Solvent
0.98
Mole Fraction = 0.0000)

Vapor Z-Factor

0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.86
0.84
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Pressure (psia)
180.00 deg F

Figure 7: Vapor Z factor for Dry gas case.

6

Wet gas
P-T envelope : P-T Diagram
3000

Pressure (psia)

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-100

-50

50

100

150

200

250

Tem perature (deg F)

2-Phase boundary

Figure 8: 2-Phase P-T diagram for Wet Gas case.

Wet gas
Phase properties as fn(P) : Phase Properties (Solvent
0.98
Mole Fraction = 0.0000)

Vapor Z-Factor

0.96

0.94

0.92

0.90
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Pressure (psia)
220.00 deg F

Figure 9: Vapor Z factor for wet gas case

Gas condensate
P-T envelope : P-T Diagram
12,000
10,000
Pressure (psia)

8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
-100

100

200

300

400

500

600

Tem perature (deg F)

2-Phase boundary

Critical

Figure 10: 2-Phase P-T diagram for Gas condensate case.

Gas condensate
Phase properties as fn(P) : Phase Properties (Solvent
Mole Fraction = 0.0000)

Gas condensate
Phase properties as fn(P) : Phase Properties (Solvent
Mole Fraction = 0.0000)
105
Vapor Phase Volume %

Liquid Phase Volume %

35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

95
90
85
80
75
70
65

7000

1000

2000

3000

4000

Pressure (psia)

Pre ssure (psia)

280.00 deg F

280.00 deg F

Gas condensate
Phase properties as fn(P) : Phase Properties (Solvent
Mole Fraction = 0.0000)
1.20

1.15

1.00

1.10

0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00

5000

6000

7000

Gas condensate
Phase properties as fn(P) : Phase Properties (Solvent
Mole Fraction = 0.0000)

Vapor Z-Factor

Liquid Z-Factor

100

1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1000

2000

3000

4000

Pres sure (psia)

Pressure (psia)

280.00 deg F

280.00 deg F

5000

6000

7000

Figure 11: Phase volume fractions and Z factors for gas condensate

K val. (vapor / liq.)

(Temperature = 280.00
deg F)

Gas condensate
Phase properties as fn(P) : Phase Properties (Solvent
1.00E+02
Mole Fraction = 0.0000)
1.00E+01
1.00E+00
1.00E-01
1.00E-02
1.00E-03
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Pressure (psia)

CO2

N2

C1

C2

IC5

NC5

FC6

C7+

C3

IC4

NC4

Figure 12: K value for gas condensate case.

Volatile oil
P-T envelope : P-T Diagram
20,000

Pressure (psia)

15,000

10,000

5,000

0
-200

200

400

600

800

Tem perature (deg F)

2-Phase boundary

Critical

Figure 13: 2-Phase P-T diagram for Volatile oil case.

Black oil
P-T envelope : P-T Diagram
3000

Pressure (psia)

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-200

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Tem perature (deg F)

2-Phase boundary

Critical

.
Figure 14: 2-Phase P-T diagram for Black oil case.
Additional Practice:
For the black oil data case, investigate the effect on the simulated separator
calculation induced by changing the following parameters:

Apply the volume shift correlations

Set the hydrocarbon binary interaction parameters to zero

Reduce the C7+ Pc by 20%

.

To set volume shift to correlations, double click Component

Selection/Properties and click on VolumeShift tab, choose Reset to
correlation values then save as 'blackoil1_volshift correlation value.dat' file. Go
back to the VolumeShift tab again and click on "Reset to Zero's" and save as
'blackoil1_volshift set to zer.dat' file. Run both data files and compare the results
on Separator calculation. It should look like to the following outputs:
Separator output with Volshift set to zero:
Oil FVF = vol of saturated oil at 2877.86 psia and 170.0 deg F per vol of stock tank
oil at STC(4) = 1.111
API gravity of stock tank oil at STC(4) = 58.10
Separator output with Volshift set to correlation value:
Oil FVF = vol of saturated oil at 2877.86 psia and 170.0 deg F per vol of stock tank
oil at STC(4) = 1.137
API gravity of stock tank oil at STC(4) = 32.77
10

Open blackoil.dat again and set hydrocarbon binary interaction parameter to

zero, by double clicking at Component Selection/Properties . Click on Int.
Coef. tab and click on HC-HC Group / Apply value to multiple non HC-HC
pair Check on 'HC-HC' and change Exponent value to zero and press 'OK'
twice. Save as a new name and see the result at Separator calculation. It should
be like following:
Oil FVF = vol of saturated oil at 2027.10 psia and 170.0 deg F per vol of stock tank
oil at STC(4)= 1.115
API gravity of stock tank oil at STC(4) = 58.15.

To reduce the C7+ Pc by 20%, double click Component Selection/Properties

and change the Pc value of C7+ to 12.36 and see the result again it should be
like:( make sure to save the file in new name).
Oil FVF = vol of saturated oil at 2142.23 psia and 170.0 deg F per vol of stock tank
oil at STC(4) = 1.100
API gravity of stock tank oil at STC(4) =104.78

11

WinProp Exercise 2
Objective: To determine the MMP and MME for a rich gas injection flood into the
reservoir (Like CO2 Flooding)
Starting with the black oil data set from Exercise 1, create P-X phase diagrams at the
reservoir temperature for the following injection fluids:
. Addition of secondary stream with the following compositions:
Pure N2
Pure CO2
Dry gas (from Exercise 1)
A rich gas stream with the composition (in mole %):
CO2 1.4
N2
1.0
C1
33.2
23.3
C2
C3
25.3
IC4
3.8
NC4 9.6
IC5
2.1
NC5 0.3
The required forms and their arrangement of the calculation options in WinProp
interface should look like as shown in Figure 15 for this case. Save this file as
blackoil_richgas_MMP_MME.dat

Figure 15: Addition of solvents in black oil and calculation of MMP and MME
12

Run a multi-contact miscibility calculation to determine the MMP for pure rich
gas injection. Insert a Multiple-contact miscibility calculation form and input the
data shown in Figures 16 and 17 presented below.

Figure 16: Input data for calculation of MMP.

Figure 17: Rich gas (make-up gas) composition for calculation of MMP.

13

Analyze the output file for results of single contact miscibility and multi-contact
miscibility pressures and mole fraction of make-up gas.
SUMMARY OF MULTIPLE CONTACT MISCIBILITY in *.OUT file
CALCULATIONS AT TEMPERATURE =
. deg F
______________________________________________
FIRST CONTACT MISCIBILITY ACHIEVED
AT PRESSURE .E+ Psia
MAKE UP GAS MOLE FRACTION = .E+
MULTIPLE CONTACT MISCIBILITY ACHIEVED
AT PRESSURE = .E+ Psia
MAKE UP GAS MOLE FRACTION = .E+
BY BACKWARD CONTACTS - CONDENSING GAS DRIVE
3.

Run a multi-contact miscibility calculation to determine the minimum amount of rich

gas necessary to add to the dry gas to achieve miscibility at 4500 psi (MME calculation).
For this insert the Multiple-contact miscibility calculation form and input the
following parameters. Notice that in this case only one pressure value is used at which
the miscibility is desired. In the composition form the starting point for the make-up gas
fraction is from 50%.

Figure 18: Input data for calculation of MME calculation.

14

Figure 19: Rich gas (make-up gas) composition for calculation of MME.

Analyze the output file for results of single contact miscibility and multi-contact
miscibility pressures and mole fraction of make-up gas.
SUMMARY OF RICH GAS MME CALCULATIONS AT TEMPERATURE =

. deg F

FIRST CONTACT MISCIBILITY PRESSURE

(FCM) IS GREATER THAN .E+ psia
MULTIPLE CONTACT MISCIBILITY ACHIEVED
AT PRESSURE = .E+ psia
MAKE UP GAS MOLE FRACTION = .E+
BY BACKWARD CONTACTS - CONDENSING GAS DRIVE

15

Exercise 3: Raleigh Oil

(Required File: Raleigh black oil-data.xls)
Objective: Plus fraction splitting, matching experimental constant composition
expansion, separator test and differential liberation tests.
.

Initialize WinProp through CMG launcher.

Insert a title: plus fraction characterization and select PR (1978), Psia & deg
F, feed as moles in the specify titles, EOS and unit system form.

In the component selection/Properties form add the following library components

and compositions as given in the file: Raleigh black oil-data.xls.

Figure 20: black oil composition for Raleigh oil.

.

To split the C7+ fraction into pseudocomponents; double click on Plus fraction
Splitting" form. on "General" Tab; Specify Gamma distribution function, 4
pseudocomponents, The first single carbon number in plus fraction as7 and leave
others as default Go to "Sample 1" Tab.

16

Figure 21: Plus fraction splitting for Raleigh Oil.

.

Input the MW+ as 190, SG+ as 0.8150 and Z+ (mole fraction of C7+ fraction) as
0.2891. Make sure alpha is equal to 1.

Save the dataset as raleigh oil.dat and run it. After running the data set, use the
Update component properties in the File menu. And save the data set as
raleigh oil_plus fraction splitting.dat. You will now notice that 4 hypothetical
pseudo components have been added in the components form.

In order to match the CCE, Differential liberation and separator test, use the data
given in the file Raleigh black oil-data1.xls. then open "Saturation Pressure",
"constant composition expansion", "separator" "differential liberation" forms
in sequence. Input the experimental data given in the file Raleigh black oildata1.xls.( you can also input all above forms, from another WinProp dataset).

On the Component Selection/properties form, set the volume shifts to the

correlation values. Save your model as raleigh oil_experimental data.dat and
run it once to validate your model and check for errors in the input data.

17

Click on Regression /start on top menu and open Open "Regression Parameters"
form before "Saturation Pressure" form( before any regression calculation) and
insert " End Regression " form at end(after all forms that are supposed to be
included in regression process, i.e. CCE, Saturation Pressure, Differential
Liberation and Separator ). This defines the Regression Block.

Select the heaviest pseudocomponents Pc and Tc, volume shifts of all C7+
pseudocomponents and C1, and the hydrocarbon interaction coefficient exponent
as regression variables. Set the convergence tolerance to 1.0E-06 in "Regression
Controls" tab and then save and run the data set.

Figure 22: Regression control for experimental data matching.

.

Adjust the weight of some key experimental data points. Try setting the weight for
separator API gravity to 5.0, saturation pressure to 10.0, and differential
liberation API gravity at std conditions to 0.0. Re-run the regression.

In some cases, you may have to change the lower and upper bounds of the
regression parameters depending on whether these bounds are reached during
the regression. In this case the following bounds were used:

18

Figure 23: Variable bounds used during the regression.

.

Analyze the *.out file and refer to the summary of Regression Results for
comparison of the experimental versus calculated values.

After completing the match to the PVT data, update the component properties and
again save the file under a new name as raleigh oil_experimental data_vis.dat
in preparation for viscosity matching.

For viscosity matching, temporarily exclude the saturation pressure, constant

composition expansion and separator calculations from the data set by rightclicking on each option and selecting Exclude from the pop-up menu.

In the "Differential Liberation" form, set the weight for the viscosity data to 1.0,
and all other weights to 0.0.

On the viscosity parameters tab of the "Regression Parameters" form, remove all
previously selected parameters, and then select Vc, vis(l/mol) for C1 and the
C7+ pseudo components as regression variables. Run the data set.

After completing the match to the viscosity data, update the component properties
and save the file under a new name raleigh oil_Blackoil PVT.dat in preparation
for generating the IMEX PVT table.

Remove the regression forms and include any options that had previously been
excluded. Add a Black Oil PVT Data option at the end of the data set.

19

On the Black Oil PVT Data form, enter the saturation pressure data, desired
pressure levels and the separator data. Enter mole fractions of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 for
the swelling data.

Figure 24: Black oil PVT export for IMEX.

Figure 25: Pressure levels for back oil PVT

20

Figure 26: Water properties for back oil PVT

.

Leave the Oil Properties controls at the defaults, and then select Use solution
gas composition for the swelling fluid specification on the gas properties
tab. Run the data set.

21

Exercise 4: Heavy Oil for STARS

(Required file: Heavy Oil for STARS-data.xls)
Objective: Plus fraction splitting, matching lab data and generation of fluid model for
STARS
.

Initialize WinProp through CMG launcher.

Insert a title: Fluid Model for STARS and select PR (1978), psia & degF, feed
as moles in the specify titles, EOS and unit system form.

In the component selection/Properties form add C1 library component and

composition as given in the file: Heavy Oil for STARS-Data.xls.

Split the C6+ fraction into pseudocomponents. In order to split the C6+ fractions,
insert a Plus fraction Splitting form in the WinProp interface. The first single
carbon number in plus fraction should be 6. Also, specify the number of Pseudocomponents to 4.

Figure 27: Plus fraction splitting for Heavy Oil.

.

Under the sample1 tab, input SG+ as 0.989 and Mole fractions and Molecular
Weights for liquid component as given in the file: Heavy Oil for STARSData.xls.

22

Figure 28: Plus fraction splitting for Heavy Oil.

23

Add Saturation Pressure form. Save the dataset as S1-char.dat and run it.
After running the data set, use the Update component properties feature and
save the data set as S2-regression psat.dat. You will now notice that 4
hypothetical pseudo components have been added in the components form.

We will do regression to match the lab measured saturation pressure. On the

regression parameters form, select the heaviest pseudocomponents Pc, and the
hydrocarbon interaction coefficient exponent as regression variables.. Run the
dataset. After running the dataset, use the Update component properties
feature and save the data set as S3-lumping.dat.

Add a Component Lumping form and lump last three heavy components.
Component Lumping form should look like Figure 29

Figure 29: Component lumping form for Heavy Oil.

.

Run the dataset. After running the dataset, use the Update component
properties feature and save the data set as S4-regression.dat.

After lumping we need to open Separator and 'Saturation Pressure' forms to do

another regression. Enter saturation pressure, reservoir temperature, GOR and
API data from Heavy Oil for STARS-Data.xls.

24

Select Pc and Tc of heaviest components, and Vol shift of two heavier components
as regression parameters. Run the dataset. After running the dataset, use the
Update component properties feature and save the data set as S5regression_visc.dat.

We will repeat regression to match viscosity at 10 and 100 deg C as given in

Heavy Oil for STARS-Data.xls. Insert two Two phase Flash forms to input
experimental viscosity data. One of such Two phase flash calculations form
would look lie as shown in figure 30.

Figure 30: Experimental viscosity data for Heavy Oil.

.

On "Component definition" form, set viscosity model type to Pedersen

Corresponding State Model. Select all check boxes on Viscosity Parameters tab
on Regression Parameters form. Run the dataset. After running the dataset, use
the Update component properties feature and save the data set as S6-STARS
PVT.dat.

It is now the time to generate fluid model for STARS. Insert two CMG STARS
PVT Data forms. Select Basic STARS PVT data on one of the forms and GasLiquid K-Value table on the other then save and Run it . The file with *.STR
extension is ready to be input into STARS model through Builder.

25