Drh.

Dian Vidiastuti, MSi

Diagnosa Klinik-PKH UB 2015

Pemantauan umum,
Gejala Klinis

Inspeksi
Lokasi (Precordium,
Apex), Pulse rate, Blood
pressure

Palpasi

Auskultasi

Heart rate, Suara

jantung

Stethoscope

Doppler flow
detector

USG

ECG

Sphygmomanometer

Palpitasi

Dyspneu

Peripheral
edema

Syncope

Evaluasi heart rate (HR)

Suara jantung normal
Lub-Dub
S1 Lub : penutupan mitral v dan trikuspid
v, (awal sistole)
S2 Dub : suara aortic v dan pulmonalis v
(awal diastole)

SINUS
ARRYTHMIA

Sinus aritmia HR pd saat inspirasi

Normal pd brachychepalic

SINUS
BRADYCARDI

Slow Heart Rate <65 beat/mnt

Systemic disease, intracranial press,
drugs (transquilizer, morphine)

SINUS
TACHYCARDIA

Increase HR >160 beat/mnt

Stress, metab & O2 , pathology,
drugs (ATS,eph,ketamin)

ATRIAL
FIBRILATION

MURMURS

Common pathological
arrythmia in dog

Produce by turbulent
blood flow
Heart disease
(degeneration valve)

A. Femoralis, A. Coccygealis
Predispotition factors :
Breed
Activity

Sex

Gestation, Partus,
Lactation

Temperature

Body size

Nervous

CRT < 2 s
Gingiva, palmar, cutaneus

Systemic arterial BP is created by :

1. the pumping action of the heart,
2. circulating arterial blood volume,
3. the smooth muscle tone of blood vessel
walls.
Methode : Direct & Indirect
Systolic & Diastolic

Doppler ultrasound Flow Detector

Heart Structure

USG
Size & functioning
of heart

Congenital / Acquired
heart disease

M mode echocardiogram

B mode Echocardiogram

Doppler ultrasound

Normal ECG 3 Leads

the number of times per minute that air is inhaled and

exhaled
degree of chest movement :
normal, shallow, deep
DYSPNEU

RESPIRATION
SIGN

ORTHOPNEA

TACHYPNEA

Breath sounds

Planum Nasale

Nasal discharge :
Serouse/ Mucous,
epistaksis

Sinus

Palpation
Laryngitis catarrhalis frequent cough
Pain
Size and location change
Auscultation
Trachea Stridor

NORMAL RESP SOUND

vesicular / bronchial
soft, breezy/rustling sounds

ABNORMAL RESP SOUND

Wheezes (continuous high pitched hissing heard more often on
expiration) - occur with small airway diseases such as asthma
Rales/crackles (obstructed airway, more commonly on
inspiration) may be heard when fluid in the lungs
Rhonchi (musical sounds-low or high pitched)
Stridor, upper airway obstruction

COTTON LIKE
DENSITIES

PLEURAL
EFUSSION

Since airway obstructions may impede oxygenation,

ventilation
Pulse Oximeter)
(normal : >95 %, anesth >90 %)

Arteri / venous
Hypoventilation (PaCO2) >43 mmHg
(dogs), >36 mmHg (cats) respiratory
acidosis

Waddell LS, Brown AJ. Hemodynamic monitoring.

In Silverstein DC, Hopper K (eds): Small Animal
Critical Care Medicine, 2nd ed. St. Louis: Elsevier,
2015
Walker et al, Clinical Methods: The History, Physical,
and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition
King L, Clarke D. Emergency care of the patient with
acute respiratory distress. Veterinary Focus , Vol 20
No 2 ,2010