Hoang Tran

Enee 307- 0103

Lab #1
9/22/14
Laboratory 1
Diodes and Operational Amplifiers
1.2.1 Experiment: Simple Half-Wave Rectifier:
R=9.82K
V=5sin(21000t)(v)

1. The positive half of the cycle:

Figure #1: The input versus the output as a function of time of forward biased
Base on the graph, we can see the different between voltage output and input is that
during the positive half of cycle, there is current though the circuit, the diode is forward biased.
But during the negative half of cycle, there is no current through it, the diode is reversed biased.

2. The negative half of the cycle:

We used the same circuit above but reverse the polarity of the diode.

Figure #2: The diode is reverse biased and no current can pass
Based on the graph, when the diode is reverse biased, I see that during the positive half of
the cycle, there is no current can pass, the diode is reversed biased.
3/ By observation, when we increase the frequency of the signal generator from 1kHz to 10kHz,
100kHz and 1MHz, we increase the voltage input therefore the diode may be required to go from
forward bias to reverse blocking very rapidly.
4/ Calculate the average power being dissipated in the resistor.
T = 992us, V= 4.576V, w= 2*1kHz, R = 9.82K
T

1
Pavg= T v ( t ) i ( t ) dt
0
Pavg

1
T

T/2

(Vsin ( wt ))
dT
R

= 0.001075 (W)
= 1075 (uW)
1.2.2 Experiment: The Full Wave Rectifier
Actual values: RL= 9.82 k, V=5sin(21000t)(v)

Figure #3 Output Voltage vs time of a Full Wave Rectifier

The power dissipated is given by:
T = 1048us , V= 4.152V, w= 2*1kHz, R = 9.82K
T

1
Pavg= T v ( t ) i ( t ) dt
0
Pavg

1
T

T/2

(Vsin ( wt ))
dT2
R

= 0.001680(W)
= 1680(uW)
Compare this value to that of the half wave rectifier. The full wave rectifier circuit can provide
more power to a load.
1.3 DC Power Supplies
1.3.3 Experiment: The Full Wave Rectifier and Power Supply
Actual values: RL= 9.82 k, V=1sin(260t)(v)
Figure #4: Input signal, voltage across the transformer

Figure#5: Output Voltage vs time of Power Supply without the capacitor connected
The power supply produced a non-constant positive voltage of amplitude 33.50 Volt before the
capacitor was connected
Vavg = 33.5V, f = 60Hz, C = 2200uF
Vavg
AC ripple=
2 RfC

Rload ()
5k
10k
AC ripple
0.025
0.012
We get a very small value for AC ripple almost zero, I think it
is consistence compare to the AC ripple calculated.
1.3.4 Experiment: Design of Dual Output Power Supply
1. C=2200uF

100k
0.0012

Vavg
V = 2 RfC =AC ripple
The calculated AC ripple was 0.02497volt and the measured AC ripple was 0.0226volt.
2.

1.4.3 Experiment on Simple Op-Amps

We used circuit of experiment 1.3.4 as power supply for this experiment
Vin = 1.0sin(2100t)

Figure #6: Input and output versus time

2. In order to get amplifier with a voltage gain of 11 at a signal frequency of 100Hz, we need
Rf=10k and R1=1k but the actual values are R1=0.98k and Rf=9.95k

Figure #7: Input and output versus time

3. After we achieve the voltage gain of 11, increase the input signal amplitude to about 2 volts.
And we keep increase to 2.7V to 2.8V we see that input voltage start clipping therefore the
maximum input voltage of this experiment is around 2.6V.

Figure #8: Input output versus time

4. Return the input voltage back to approximately 0.1V amplitude. Increase the frequency we get

frequency
Vin
Vout
Gain

100Hz
113mV
1.19V
10.53

1kHz
113mV
1.19V
10.53

110kHz
109mV
730mV
6.69

1MHz
105mV
103mV
0.98

Base on the data point at each decade starting at 100Hz, until your input signal is 1MHz. we see
that the gain as a function of frequency is decreasing to 1. This happen because each op amp has
a limited bandwidth. When we increase the frequency slowly, the output does not change much,
however, when we increase it over break point, the output voltage will fall down. The rate of
falling is almost at steady rate.

5.

Vout = Vopen -IoutRout

Vout=

RL
R L + R out

*Vopen

In this experiment we used R load = 98.7, 0.98 k , 9.95 k, 93.6k

V_open states constant at 1.19V as measured from above experiment

R-load

98.7

0.98 k

9.95 k

93.6k

Vopen

1.19V

1.19V

1.19V

1.19V

Vout

1.19V

1.19V

1.19V

1.19V

Rout

6. Added Rin = 1.7M to input voltage to decrease

the input voltage and get Vin=29.3mV to have the
non-inverting op-amp is virtually infinity.
7. Inverting op-amp
Rin = 1.05k, Rf = 9.95k

Figure 9: Input Output voltage versus time

frequency
100Hz
1kHz
10kHz
100kHz
1MHz
Vin
105mV
105mV
105mV
105mV
103mV
Vout
-1.13V
-1.13V
-1.13mV
-680mV
-88mV
Gain
-10.76
-10.76
-10.76
-6.47
-0.85
Similar to previous case, the output voltage decrease as a function of frequency due to
limited bandwidth.
8. To find input resistance, first determine the input resistance, by short circuit to find current
through Rin. We found Iin = 100(uA)

105 mV
100 uA

= 1.05k

By measured the input resistance is R1 = 1.05 k

Does your measured value agree with theory
9. Similar to the previous formula in question 5, building a large load resistance, therefore
Vout = Vopen or Iout*Rout = 0 which lead to output resistance is equal to zero.
Vout = Vopen -IoutRout
RL
Vout= R + R
*Vout
L
out