Académique Documents
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Circuit Breaker
Contents
1.
Circuit breaker
2.
Operating Principle
3.
4.
Property of SF6
5.
6.
7.
Major Supplier
8.
Standards
Circuit breaker
1.
2.
Electrical power transmission networks are protected and controlled by highvoltage breakers. The definition of "high voltage" varies but in power transmission
work is usually thought to be 72,500 V or higher, according to a recent definition
by the International Electro technical Commission (IEC). High-voltage breakers
are nearly always solenoid-operated, with current sensing protective relays
operated through current transformers. In substations the protection relay scheme
can be complex, protecting equipment and busses from various types of overload
or ground/earth fault.
High-voltage breakers are broadly classified by the medium used to extinguish the
arc.
1
2
3
4
High voltage breakers are routinely available up to 765 kV AC. using SF6 gas as
arc extinguishing media due to its high dielectric strength and other advantages.
Live tank circuit breakers are where the enclosure that contains the breaking
mechanism is at line potential, that is, "Live". Dead tank circuit breaker enclosures
are at earth potential.
3.
.
High-voltage circuit-breakers have greatly changed since they were first introduced and
several interrupting principles have been developed that have contributed successively to
a large reduction of the operating energy. Current interruption in a circuit-breaker is
4.
The dielectric strength of SF6 in on average 2.5 times that of air, and, by
increasing pressure, it can be seen that the dielectric strength also increases and
than around 3.5 bar of relative pressure, SF6 has the same strength as fresh oil.
Sound propagation in SF6 gas is about three times less than in air, at atmospheric
pressure. The interruption of the arc will therefore be less loud in SF6 than in air.
1234-
It is non-toxic,
It is uninflammable,
It will not explode.
It is a stable gas
5.
breaking chamber;
Autonomy provided by the puffer technique;
The possibility to obtain the highest performance, up to 63 kA, with a
reduced number of interrupting chambers;
Short break time of 2 to 2.5 cycles;
High electrical endurance.
Possible compact solutions when used for GIS or hybrid switchgear.
2
over voltages.
2 Reliability and availability
3 Low noise levels.
The reduction in the number of interrupting chambers per pole has led to a
considerable simplification of circuit breakers as well as the number of parts and
seals required. As a direct consequence, the reliability of circuit breakers
improved, as verified later on by surveys.
6.
SF6 circuit breaker are divided mainly in two section i.e. interrupting chamber and
operating mechanism
Construction of the interrupting chamber is more or less similar however design of
operating mechanism varies manufacture to manufacture depending upon the type
of mechanism.
6.1
Interrupting chamber
In modern SF6 circuit breaker interruption of the current are made on puffer
principle wherein SF6 gas flow on to arcing zone is generated by puffer cylinder
and piston. Stationary contacts and its assembly is suspended from the upper side
of the interrupting porcelain. Over head conductors are connected to the upper and
the lower terminal pads
6.1.1 Closed position
During this position current flow through stationary contact, moving contact,
puffer cylinder and fixed finger contacts.
6.1.2 Opening operation
Opening is done by pulling down the insulating rod, piston rod, puffer cylinder
moving contact, moving arc contact and nozzle. After some contact wiping
stationary and moving arc contacts separate, thereby generating arc simultaneously
gas pressure in puffer chamber builds up and high pressure gas flows through
nozzle and quenches the arc.
6.1.3 Closing operation
3
During this operation insulting rod is pushed up and all the parts moved in reverse
direction of the opening operation simultaneously SF6 gas is taken in to the puffer
chamber
The moving contact system is connected to operating mechanism housed in
mechanism housing
Interrupting Chamber
6.2
Operating Mechanism
Major Supplier
Major suppliers of circuit breaker in DTL are BHEL, CGL, ABB, AREVA etc
4
8.0
Standards
The Indian and international standard references for CB s are as given in the table
below:
Standard
IS 1138 1991
IEC 60056 (1987)
IS 15136 :1993
IEC 60247 (1989)
IS 14657: 1998
IEC 61259 (1994)
IS 14658: 1999
IEC 61633 (1995)
IS 14674: 1999
IEC 61166 (1993)
IS 60517 :1990
IS/IEC 60517 (1990)
Title
General requirement of circuit breaker
above 1000 volt
Method of Synthetic testing of high
voltage AC circuit breaker
Gas insulated metal enclosed switch
gear 72.5 kV and above requirement
of switching of bus charging current
High voltage AC circuit breakers
guide for short circuit and switching
test procedure for metal enclose dead
tank circuit breaker
High voltage AC circuit breakers
guide for seismic qualification
Gas insulated metal enclosed switch
gear 72.5 kV and above
Affirmed date
Sept 2002
April 2003
April 2003
April 2004
April 2004
Sep 2002
5
Receipt
a
Check the serial number and accessories detail
Remark
Poles
Operating drives
Switch Cubicle
Air receiver
Compressor
b
Remark
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
II- ERECTION
Doc No : SFQP/CB/IR/01
Equipment Sr No.:
Voltage level:
Page 2 of 11
1.
Foundation
Is foundation and location of equipments including location of
foundation bolts as per G.A drawing?
2.
Structure
a
Is length of the foundation bolts (projected outside) sufficient to
put check nuts?
b
c
d
e
f
g
3
5.
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
4.
Yes
Trench provision
Are the trenches provide with supporting device for copper pipe
Equipment matching
Are the serial nos of all the equipment matching with the serial
numbers mentioned in the packing list?
Pole
a
Is there any chipping on the petticoats of insulators?
* If Yes, what is the size of chipping?
Can erection work proceed further?
Do Not proceed further if chipping is unacceptable, immediately
report
b Is there positive pressure verified in all the three poles?
Verification to be done by pressing the gas valve/dilo after
opening the dummy cover.( in case of factory assembled pole)
c
Confirm no damages observed on gas valve/dilo coupling while
mounting the pole column on the structure?
d
R Phase
Y Phase
B Phase
Is the direction of the pole gas valve/pressure gauge as per G.A
drawing?
Site Inspection Record (SFQP)
Equipment: Circuit Breaker
Doc No : SFQP/CB/IR/01
Site:
Bay:
Equipment Sr No.:
Make:
Rating:
Voltage level:
Page 4 of 11
7.
8.
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Remarks
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
* If No, cut the ermetto rings and follow the procedure with fresh
ring
Site Inspection Record (SFQP)
Equipment: Circuit Breaker
Doc No : SFQP/CB/IR/01
Site:
Bay:
Equipment Sr No.:
Make:
Rating:
Voltage level:
Page 5 of 11
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Cabling
a
b
c
d
e
f
10
Yes
No
Absolute Bar
Yes
No
g
Remark:
Cleaning the sealing surfaces at both the ends of the gas pipes
as well as at density monitor/block end and pole end with
petrol or CTC.
Applying thin layer of grease on the threads and also on the
O rings.
Holding the gas valve/ dilo with one spanner and tightening
the nut of the gas pipe with another spanner. Ensure That Gas
Valve/Dilo does not rotate during fixing the gas pipe.
SF6 gas leakage test
Is Leak detector available in working condition?
* If NO, do not proceed further till leak detector is arranged.
Is the compete SF6 gas system in the breaker ( which includes
pole, gas pipes & density switch/ monitor) free from any SF 6 gas
leakage?
* If No, describe leakage found from which joints:------------
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Is material to be replenished/replaced
List of the material required to replenish/ replace
Check for tightening of all bolts and nuts
Replenish
Replaced
Yes
No
No
III-COMMISSIONING CHECK
Site Inspection Record (SFQP)
Equipment: Circuit Breaker
Doc No : SFQP/CB/IR/01
Site:
Bay:
Equipment Sr No.:
Make:
Rating:
Voltage level:
Page 7 of 11
Compressor detail
Make
-----------------Serial number
-----------------Year of manufacturing ----------------Observation
Air filling
Presence of mud/ dust or dirt in drive mechanism chamber
of any of the drive?
*If YES, proper cleaning is to be carried out in drive.
serial number:
Is the complete pneumatic system including air storage
receiver clean & free from foreign particles?
* If NO, Repeat the cleaning exercise till satisfaction
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Switch on AC supply
Measurement of 3 phase supply : Between phase to phase
:Between phase to neutral
Thermal over load relay settings done at
Measured motor current in all the 3 phase
Compressor stops at __
R phase _____A
Y phase _____ A
B phase _____ A
bar
Is there any air leakage detected with soap solution from any of
the joint?
* If YES, rectify the air leakage point. If required drain the air
Are all the pipes clamps firmly into the trench and with structure
angles?
IF NO, clamp the Pipes.
3
Trip block- I
Trip block- II
Close block
Auto re-close
Yes
No
Yes
No
16
17
+Variable Resistance
+ Variable Resistance
+ Variable Resistance
_____Ohms
_____Ohms
_____Ohms
_____Ohms
_____Ohms
Total
_____ Ohms
Resistance
Total
_____ Ohms
Resistance
Total
_____Ohms
Resistance
Switch ON DC supply
18
_____Ohms
OK
OK
Anti pumping function
Trip command provided directly on terminal number:
OK
--------
9
10
______
______
_____
11
12
13
14
15
16
Breaker Timing
Serial number of the Timer
Operation
Limit
Closing
millisecond
Phase
R
Y
B
Tripping(T1))
Tripping (T2)
CO ( through T1)
millisecond R
Y
B
millisecond R
Y
B
millisecond R
Y
B
_______ m sec.
_______ m sec
________m sec
________m sec
_______ m sec
_______ m sec
_______ m sec
_______ m sec
________m sec
CO ( through T2)
millisecond R
_______ m sec
Y
________ m sec
B
________ m sec
17 If closing and tripping time need to be adjusted (Procedure of
Yes
No
Adjustment as per OEM manual to be recoded)
R ________
Y ________
B ________
18 Pressure Drop During Operation :
Close ________
Trip
_______
CO
________
19 Tightness of all the electrical terminals of switch cubicle and
drive
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Bar
PM
R phase
Y phase
B phase
25 Are all the covers of drive mechanism closed properly & firmly?
Remark:
IV- COMMISSIONING
Breaker cleared for charging?
* If No, mention the reason/ pending points
Signature
OEM Engineer
Yes
No
Signature
JE DTL
1I
Reference
document
/acceptance norms
Remark
1. Receipt
2. Storage
II
Page 1 of 2
B
O
M
/P
ac
ki
ng
list/manufactures
instruction manual
ERECTION
1. Foundation
2. Structure erection
3. Switch cubical & compressor
4. Trench provision
5. Equipment Matching
6. Pole erection
7. Fixing of operating mechanism/ drive.
8. Pneumatic piping
9. Cabling
10 Gas filling & leakage test
III COMMISSIONING CHECK
1. Compressor
2. Air filling
3. Pressure switch setting
4. Compressor safety valve
5. Inter-cabling
6. Measurement of coil resistance
7. DC control supply
8. Local operation of breaker
9. Pole discrepancy operation
10. Remote Operation
11. Trip circuit supervision
12. Breaker position indication
13. Spare contacts checking
14. Emergency tripping unit
15. Number of operation in case of compressor
failure
16. Breaker timing
BOM/Packing
list/manufactures
instruction
manual/approved
drawing
Approved drawing/
Manufactures
instruction
manual/Test report
Reference
document
/acceptance norms
Page 2 of 2
Remark
IV COMMISSIONING
1. Clearance of breaker charging
2. Date and time of charging
Approved drawing/
Manufactures
instruction
manual/Test
report/Check list
Notes:
1) DTL specification shall mean DTL Technical Specification, approved drawings, LOA
provision for specific contracts.
2) Tests/Checks indicated at column No.2 of SFQP are only generally required to be conducted.
However, any other test /check required may be carried out as per site requirement.
3) All the testing and measuring equipment for testing should be calibrated.
4) Test check which is not applicable for particular equipment/mode/contract shall be considered
to have omitted.
5) Latest revision/amendment of specification/standard/drawings shall be followed.
6) For all checks suitable record shall be maintained.) Test /check indicated in column no 2 of
SFQP should be carried as per 100% sampling planning basis