,Universidad Autnoma de Quertaro

Extensin de Lenguas y Letras

FINAL ENGLISH REVIEW

Jos de Jess lvarez Gonzlez

Language Coordinator

Abrego Basurto Carla

Cervantes Morales Paulina

November 2010

INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Verb to be and Third person

Present continuous
Present simple with Adverbs of frequency
Past simple of the verb to be (was/were)
Past simple; Regular and Irregular verbs

6.
7.
8.
9.

Past continuous
Descriptive adjectives
Comparative and Superlatives
Regular verbs (50)
/t/, /d/, /id/ pronunciation
10. Irregular verbs (90)

INTRODUCTION
The following work summarizes the main lessons of the first semester of the English
course.
These topics are the base for the language learning; English language skills might increase
our job offers, as well as our wages. Therefore they are necessary for our future
professional development.

1. Verb to be
USE

GRAMMAR

POSITIVE
I

+ am + complement.
I am a student.
THIRD PERSON (She, he it)

+ is + complement.
She is a student.
OTHER PRONOUNS (We, they, you)

+ are + complement.
We are a student.
NEGATIVE
I

+ am + not + complement.
I am not a student.

THIRD PERSON (She, he, it)

+ is + not (isnt) + complement.

She isnt a student.
OTHER PRONOUNS (We, you, they)

+ Are + not (arent) + complement.

We arent students.

INTERROGATIVE
I

Am +

+ complement+?

Am I a student?
THIRD PERSON (she, he, it)

Is /isnt +

+ complement +?

Is she a student?
Isnt she a student?

OTHER PRONOUNS (we, you, they)

Are/arent +

+ complement +?

Are we students?
Arent we students?

1. Present continuous
USE

GRAMMAR

POSITIVE
I

+ am + verb + ING + complement.

I am eating pizza with my cousins.
THIRD PERSON (She, he it)

+ is + verb + ING+ complement.

He is eating pizza with his cousins.

OTHER PRONOUNS (We, they, you)

+ Are + verb +ING + complement.

They are eating pizza with your cousins.
NEGATIVE
I

+ am + not +verb + ING + complement.

I am not eating pizza with my cousins.
THIRD PERSON (She, he, it)

+ is + not (isnt) + verb + ING+ complement.

He isnt eating pizza with his cousins.
OTHER PRONOUNS (We, you, they)

+ Are + not (arent) + complement.

They are eating pizza with your cousins.

INTERROGATIVE

Am +

+ verb + ING + complement+?

Am I eating pizza with my cousins?

THIRD PERSON (she, he, it)

Is /isnt +

+ verb + ING + complement +?

Is he eating pizza with his cousins?

Isnt he eating pizza with his cousins?

OTHER PRONOUNS (we, you, they)

Are/arent +

+ verb + ING + complement +?

Are they eating pizza with your cousins?

Arent they eating pizza with your cousins?

2. Present simple
USE
GRAMMAR

POSITIVE
I

+ Verb + complement.
I have a friend from China.
THIRD PERSON (She, he it)

+ Verb + s + complement.
She has a friend from China.
OTHER PRONOUNS (We, they, you)

+ Verb + complement.
You have a friend from China.
NEGATIVE
I

+ do + not (dont) +verb + complement.

I dont have a friend from China.
THIRD PERSON (She, he, it)

+ Does + not (doesnt) + verb + complement.

She doesnt have friend from China.

OTHER PRONOUNS (We, you, they)

+ Do + not (dont) + complement.

You dont have a friend from China.

INTERROGATIVE
I

Do /dont +

+ verb + complement+?

Do I have a friend from China?

Dont I have a friend from China?
THIRD PERSON (she, he, it)

Does/doesnt +

+ verb + complement +?

Does she have a friend from China?

Doesnt she have a friend from China?
OTHER PRONOUNS (we, you, they)

Do/dont +

+ verb + complement +?

Do they have a friend from a China?

Dont they have a friend from a China?

3. Past simple of the verb to be

USE
I

GRAMMAR

POSITIVE

+ was + complement.
I was to visit my grandmother.
THIRD PERSON (She, he it)

+ was + complement.
She was to visit his grandmother.
OTHER PRONOUNS (We, they, you)

+ Were + complement.

We were to visit grandmother.

NEGATIVE
I

+ was + not (wasnt) + complement (verb + ING).

I wasnt to visiting my grandmother.
THIRD PERSON (She, he, it)

+ Was+ not (wasnt) + complement (verb + ING).

She wasnt to visiting his grandmother.
OTHER PRONOUNS (We, you, they)

+were + not (werent) + complement (verb + ING).

We werent visiting his grandmother.

INTERROGATIVE
I

Was /wasnt +

+ complement (verb + ING) +?

Was I visiting to my grandmother?

Wasnt I visiting to my grandmother?

THIRD PERSON (she, he, it)

Was/wasnt +

+ complement (verb + ING) +?

Was she visiting to his grandmother?

Wasnt she visiting to his grandmother?
OTHER PRONOUNS (we, you, they)

We/werent +

+ verb + complement +?

Were we visiting to his grandmother?

Werent visiting to his grandmother?

4. Past simple regular and irregular verb

USE

GRAMMAR

PAST SIMPLE REGULAR VERBS

Verb ending in

How to take the simple Examples

past
E

Consonant + y

Add

Change y to i, and then add

Live

lived

Date

dated

Try

tried

Cry

cried
tapped

ed
One vowel + one consonant

Double the consonant,

Tap

(but not w or y)

then add

commit

ed

boil
anything else including

Add

ed

fill

Verbs which don't change

handed

show

showed

Examples
cut

cut

hit

hit

fit

fit

Get

got

Drink

drank

sit

sat

Verbs which change their vowel

Verbs which change completely

filled

hand

PAST SIMPLE IRREGULAR VERBS

Category

committed
boiled

catch

caught

bring

brought

teach

taught

6. Past continuous
USE
The past progressive describes an action happening in the past, it is used to:
- put emphasis on the course of an action in the past
- establish the specific time of the action in the past
- point two actions happening at the same time in the past
- point the interruption of an activity in the past

GRAMMAR

POSITIVE

+ was + verb-ing + complement

I was eating a hamburger when you called.

THIRD PERSON (he, she, it)

+ was + verb-ing + complement

She was sleeping while he was reading a book.

OTHER PRONOUNS (you, we, they)

+ were + verb-ing + complement

We were winning until you joined the squad.

NEGATIVE

+ was + not

wasnt) + verb-ing + complement

I wasnt eating a hamburger when you called

THIRD PERSON (he, she, it)

+ was + not

wasnt) + verb-ing + complement

She wasnt sleeping while he was reading a book.

OTHER PRONOUNS (you, we, they)

+ were + not

werent) + verb-ing + complement

We werent winning until you joined the squad.

INTERROGATIVE

Was/Wasnt +

+ verb-ing + complement + ?

Was I eating a hamburger when you called?

Wasnt I eating a hamburger when you called?

THIRD PERSON (he, she, it)

Was/Wasnt +

+ verb-ing + complement + ?

Was she sleeping while he was reading a book?

Wasnt she sleeping while he was reading a book?

OTHER PRONOUNS (you, we, they)

Were/Werent +

+ verb-ing + complement + ?

Were we winning until you joined the squad.

Werent we winning until you joined the squad.

7. Descriptive adjectives
USE
Adjectives modify nouns, pronouns, and groups of words functioning as nouns.
Descriptive adjectives describe the noun; specifically, the action, state, or quality that
nouns refer to. Descriptive adjectives are the largest class of the four types of adjectives

(the others being adjectives of quantity, demonstrative adjectives, and pronominal

adjectives).
A list of descriptive adjectives can be organized into three categories:
1) Simple Adjectives: they function to express quality, feelings, time, sound, quantity,
taste, appearance, size, age, color, shape, and material through simple adjectives.
alert

chestnut

sticky

ancient

fuzzy

sweet

attractive

giant

swift

beige

massive

tan

bitter

modern

teeny

2) Compound Adjectives: two words combined to create a descriptive adjective; the

two words are typically connected with a hyphen.
self-centered

four-sided

red-blooded

ice-cold

high-heeled

broken-hearted

next-door

left-handed

baby-faced

long-legged

freckle-faced

3) Proper Adjectives: adjectives that are derived from proper nouns; nations, regions,
and religions are common qualities described by proper adjectives.
Italian
French
English

Mexican
Californian

Canadian
Roman
Atlantic

Pacific

Ecuadoria
Antarctic

Mayan
Christian
Buddhist
Hindu

8. Comparative and Superlatives

Comparative: To contrast 2 people, places, things (using adjectives)

a) Short words (1 syllable)

-er

old older
nice nicer
cheap cheaper

* Words ending in the form CONSONANT VOWEL - CONSONAT duplicate the

last consonant.
big bigger
hot hotter
thin thinner

* Words ending in y

-ier

easy easier
havy heavier
early earlier

**Exception: good better

bad - worse

b) Long words (more than 1 syllable)

more + adjective

careful- more careful

expensive more expensive
polite more polite

Superlative: To point something or someone that stands out from a group.

a) Short words (1 syllable)

the -est

old the oldest

nice the nicest
cheap the cheapest

* Words ending in the form CONSONANT VOWEL - CONSONAT duplicate the

last consonant.
big the biggest
hot the hottest
thin the thinnest

* Words ending in y

the -iest

easy the easiest

havy the heaviest
early the earliest

b) Long words (more than 1 syllable)

the most + adjective

careful- the most careful

expensive the most expensive
polite the most polite

9. Regular verbs (50)

/t/, /d/, /id/ pronunciation
Regular verbs are those that add d or ed to their infinitive form for their past tense.

Rules:

- Duplicate the last consonant if it is a one-syllable verb that ends in the form
CONSONANT VOWEL - CONSONAT (Ex. stop - stopped)

- In verbs that end in the form CONSONANT Y; change the letter y for
ied (Ex. bury - buried)

Regular Verbs List

accept (acpt)

accepted (acptid)

aceptar

add (ad)

added (did)

agregar

admire (admiar)

admired (admiard)

admirar

admit (admt)

admitted (admtid)

admitir

advise (advis)

advised (advist)

aconsejar

afford (afrd)

afforded (afrdit)

afrontar

agree (agr:)

agreed (agr:d)

estar de acuerdo

alert (alrt)

alerted (alrtid)

alertar

allow (alu)

allowed (alud)

permitir

amuse (amis)

amused (amist)

entretener

analyse (nalais)

analysed (nalaist)

analizar

announce (anuns)

announced (anunst)

anunciar

annoy (ani)

annoyed (anid)

molestar

answer (nsuer)

answered (nsuerd)

contestar

appear (apar)

appeared (apard)

aparecer

applaud (apld)

applauded (apldid)

aplaudir

approve (aprv)

approved (aprvt)

aprobar

argue (:rguiu)

argued (:rguiut)

discutir

arrange (arrindch)

arranged (arrindcht)

arreglar

arrest (arrst)

arrested (arrstid)

arrestar

arrive (arriv)

arrived (arrivd)

llegar

ask (ask)

asked (askt)

preguntar

attach (atch)

attached (atcht)

adjuntar

attack (atck)

attacked (atckt)

atacar

attempt (atmpt)

attempted (atmptid)

intentar

attend (atnd)

attended (atndid)

asistir

attract (atrct)

attracted (atrctid)

atraer

avoid (avid)

avoided (avidid)

evitar

boil (bil)

boiled (bild)

hervir

book (buk)

booked (bukt)

reservar

bore (bor)

bored (bord)

aburrir
pedir

borrow (brrou)

borrowed (brroud)
prestado

bounce (buns)

bounced (bunst)

rebotar

brake (brik)

broke (bruk)

frenar

breathe (brid)

breathed (brdid)

respirar

brush (brash)

brushed (brasht)

cepillar

burn (bern)

burnt (bernt)

quemar

damage (dmidz)

damaged (dmidzd)

daar

dance (dans)

danced (danst)

bailar

deceive (disv)

deceived (disvd)

engaar

decide (disid)

decided (disidid)

decidir

decorate (dkoreit)

decorated (dkorerid)

decorar

delay (dili)

delayed (dilid)

demorar

suprimir, eliminar,
delete (dil:t)

deleted (dil:tid)
borrar

delight (dilit)

delighted (dilirid)

deleitar

deliver (delver)

delivered (delverd)

repartir

depend (dipnd)

depended (dipnid)

depender

describe (diskrib)

described (diskribd)

describir

deserve (disrv)

deserved (disrvd)

merecer

destroy (distri)

destroyed (distrid)

destruir

detect (ditkt)

detected (ditktid)

detectar

10. Irregular verbs (90)