CURRICULUMFOR

MScPROGRAMMEINMATHEMATICS
atRAMAKRISHNAMISSION
VIVEKANANDAUNIVERSITY
CourseNo.

Semester1

CourseNo.

Semester2

1)

RealAnalysis1

5)

MeasureTheory

2)

Algebra1

6)

Algebra2

3)

Topology

7)

AlgebraicTopology

4)

LinearAlgebra1

LinearAlgebra2

5)

ComplexAnalysis

RealAnalysis2

CourseNo.

Semester3

CourseNo.

Semester4

9)

FunctionalAnalysis

13)

NumberTheory

10)

DifferentialGeometry

14)

Elective3

11)

Elective1

15)

Elective4

12)

Elective2

16)

Project

Notes:1)Underspecialcircumstances,coursesmaybeexchangedbetweensemesters3
and4inorder,forinstance,toaccomodatedistinguishedvisitorswhomightbewillingto
offercourses.
2) Eachsemesterhas4coursesof4creditseach,exceptforthelastsemester
wherethereare3coursesof4creditseachandoneprojectof12credits.Thisgivesrise
toatotalof72creditsfortheprogramme..TheMSccourseis4semesterlong.Attheend
ofeachsemester,alettergradewillbeassignedforeachcourse.Thesewillcarryweights
asfollows:A10,B8,C6,D4,F0.Theaverageofthegradepointsobtainedincourses
weightedbycreditsandnormalizedoutof10.0willbecalledtheSemesterPerformance
Index(SPI).ThecumulativeaverageoftheSPIsistheCumulativePerformanceIndex
(CPI).Gradingwillingeneralberelativewithanabsolutepassmarkof30%.
3)Onecreditcorrespondstoroughlyoneworkhourperweek.Eachsemesterwill
typicallybeof1516weeksinduration.

COMPULSORYCOURSES
FIRSTYEAR:SEMESTERS1,2
SEMESTER1
M201:Algebra1
Syllabus:

GroupTheory
Group action on a Set, Stabilisers and kernels, Cayley's theorem, Class Equation,
Automorphisms,Sylow'sTheorem,DirectProducts,
Iftimepermits,SemidirectProducts.
RingTheory
Examples,RingHomomorphisms,Ideals,QuotientRingswithemphasisonZ/nZand
ModularArithmetic,IsomorphismTheorems,PropertiesofIdeals,PrimeandMaximal
Ideals,RingsofFractions,Chineseremaindertheorem;
Euclideandomains,PID,UFD,FactorizationinZ[i].
PolynomialRings:Definitionandbasicproperties,divisionalgorithm;R[x]isaUFDifR
isaUFD;IrreducibilityCriteria;Noetherianrings.
Iftimepermits,
Hilbertbasistheoremandapplications;
DefinitionsandexamplesofAlgebraicSetsandCoordinaterings.PolynomialMaps.
SuggestedText:
D.S.DummitandR.M.FooteAbstractAlgebraJ.Wiley
Othertexts:
M.ArtinAlgebraPHI
I.N.HersteinTopicsinAlgebra;J.Wiley
N.JacobsonBasicAlgebraCh.1,2.VanNostrand
M202:Topology
Syllabus:
Topological Spaces and Continuous Functions: Basis, Order and Product Topology,
ClosedSetsandLimitPoints;
MetricTopology,CompletionofMetricSpaces,BaireCategoryTheorem;
ProductTopology;
ConnectednessandCompactness:Connectednessandlocalconnectedness,compactness
andlocalcompactness;
Separationandcountabilityaxioms,T1,T2,T3,T4,UrysohnLemma,Tietzeextension
theorem;
Tychonofftheorem.
Quotient topology and identification spaces; Topological manifolds as examples of
quotienttopologytorus,Klein'sbottle,projectivespaces;
Examplesoftopologicalgroups;
Classificationof1and2manifolds(statementandillustrationonly);
Homotopyofpaths,FundamentalGroup;Coveringspacesandgroupactionsonspaces,

computationoffundamentalgroupofthecircle.Fundamentalgroupsofsurfaces.
SuggestedTexts:
J.R.MunkresTopologyCh.2(sec1220),3(sec2329),4(sec.3035),5(sec.37)
sec22ofCh2forquotienttopology,sectionontopologicalgroups,Ch.9,sec5155,58
60forFundamentalGroup);PHI
G.F.SimmonsTopologyandModernAnalysis(ch.2sec.913formetricspaces);TMH
M.A.ArmstrongBasicTopology;Springer

Othertexts:
I.SingerandJ.ThorpeNotes onElementary TopologyandDifferential Geometry.
Springer
P.J.HigginsAnIntroductiontoTopologicalGroupsLMSlecturenotesCUP
J.W.MilnorTopologyfromadifferentiableviewpoint(fornotionofmanifoldsand
classificationof1and2manifolds)PUP
S.M.SrivastavaACourseonBorelSets,Springer
M203:ComplexAnalysis
Syllabus:
AnalyticFunctions:Powerseries,Trigonometricfunctions,CauchyRiemannequations,
analyticfunctionsasmappings;
Complex integration: Cauchy's theorem and integral formula, power series
representation,zerosofananalyticfunction,
Meromorphicfunctionsandresiduecalculus,Indexofaclosedcurve,Morera'stheorem,
Liouville'stheorem,openmappingtheorem;
Singularities:Classification,Rouche'stheorem,argumentprinciple;
Maximummodulusprinciple,Schwarzlemma,analyticcontinuation;
Compactnessandconvergenceinthespaceofanalyticfunctions:Spaceofcontinuous
functions,spaceofanalyticfunctions,normalfamilies,spaceofmeromorphicfunctions,
Riemannmappingtheorem
Suggestedtext:
J.B.ConwayFunctionsofOneComplexVariable:Narosa
Othertexts:
T.W.GamelinComplexAnalysis,Springer
L.V.AhlforsComplexAnalysis,TMH
W.RudinRealandComplexAnalysisTMH
S.PonnasamyComplexAnalysisTMH
D.E.SarasonComplexFunctionTheoryHBA
CourseM204a:LinearAlgebra1

Syllabus:
Quotients of vector spaces, Geometric significance of cosets and quotient spaces,
DimensionofQuotientsofVectorSpace;
Linear Transformations: Kernel, Image, Isomorphisms, rank and nullity, linear
functionals,annihilators,DualandDoubledual,TransposeofaLinearTransformation.
Eigenvectorsofalineartransformation.
Inner Product Spaces, Hermitian, Unitary and Normal Transformations, Spectral
Theorems,BilinearandQuadraticForms.
Note: 1) It is desirable to hold problem sessions, so that the students gaina firm
conceptualgraspaswellasthecapacitytosolveproblems.Theinitialsessionsareto
reviewbasictopicslikeelementarymatricesandelementaryoperations,invertibleand
elementarymatrices,matrixconceptslikesimilarityandrankandtheirrelationtolinear
transformations.
2)Forthetopic Eigenspaces,itsufficestocoverbasicconceptsnecessaryfor
Spectraltheory.Minimalandcharacteristicpolynomials,canonicalformswillbedonein
LinearAlgebra2.
3)Geometricsignificanceofconceptstobeemphasizedwherevernecessary,e.g.
geometricinterpretationofspecificlinearoperators,orthogonalmatrices,determinantas
volume,etc.
SuggestedText:
K.HoffmanandR.KunzeLinearAlgebra,PHI,Ch.3(withrevisionof1),6.16.2,8,9,
10.
Othertexts:
D.S.DummitandR.M.FooteAbstractAlgebra,JohnWileyCh.11
M.ArtinAlgebra,PHICh.4,7.
N.S.GopalakrishnanUniversityAlgebra,WileyEastern,Ch.3.5,5.15.7,5.115.13.
I.N.HersteinTopicsinAlgebra,JohnWiley,Ch.4.14.4,6.16.3,6.86.11.
M205a:RealAnalysis
Syllabus:
Sequencesandseriesoffunctions(2weeks):
Uniform convergence, Equicontinuous families and Weierstrass Theorem, Ascoli
theorem;
SuggestedTexts:
W.RudinPrinciplesofMathematicalAnalysisCh7TataMcGrawHill
Othertexts:
T.M.ApostolMathematicalAnalysisNarosa

MultivariableCalculus(5weeks):
Functionsofseveralvariables:Differentiation,ContractionPrinciple,InverseFunction
Theorem, Implicit Function Theorem; Rank Theorem; Jacobians, Differentiation of
Integrals);
SuggestedTexts:
T.M.ApostolMathematicalAnalysisCh.12,13,Narosa
W.RudinPrinciplesofMathematicalAnalysisCh9,TataMcGrawHill
Othertexts:
M.SpivakCalculusonManifolds,PublishorPerish

SEMESTER2

M205b:RealAnalysis
OrdinaryDifferentialEquations(3weeks):
OrdinaryDifferentialEquations:CauchyPeanoExistenceTheorem,Uniqueness,Picard
LindelofTheorem;Continuationofsolutions,systemsofdifferentialequations;
SuggestedText:
E.A.CoddingtonandN.LevinsonTheoryofOrdinaryDifferentialEquations(1.11.6),
PHI
PartialDifferentialEquations(4weeks):
Laplaceequation:MeanValueProperties,MaximumandMinimumPrinciples,Harnack
Inequality,PoissonIntegral,ConvergenceTheorems,DirichletProblem.
Iftimepermits:
Heatequation:fundamentalsolution.
SuggestedTexts:
D.GilbargandN.TrudingerEllipticDifferentialEquationsofSecondOrder,Springer
L.C.Evans,PartialDifferentialEquations,GTMv19.AMS1998
M208:MeasureTheory
Syllabus:
Sigmaalgebrasofsets,Measurablefunctions;
Measures,outermeasures,Extensionsofmeasures,integrationwithrespecttomeasure;
Examplesofmeasuresonintervalsandtherealline;regularityofmeasures.
MonotoneConvergenceTheorem,Fatou'sLemma,DominatedConvergenceTheorem;
Examples fromLpspaces,Luzin'stheorem, densityof compactly supportedsmooth
functions;

RadonNikodymtheorem,absolutelycontinuousandsingularmeasures;
ProductoftwomeasuresandFubini'stheorem,,
Suggestedtexts:
G.deBarraMeasuretheoryandIntegration(ch.48,10);Wiley
W.RudinRealandComplexAnalysis(Ch.1,2,3,6)TMH
Othertexts:
H.L.RoydenRealAnalysis(Ch.1113);PrenticeHall
K.R.ParthasarathyMeasureandIntegration,Macmillan,India
P.R.HalmosMeasuretheory;Narosa
S.K.BerberianMeasureandIntegration,Springer
M.F.MunroeIntroductiontoMeasureandIntegration,AP
S.K.BerberianMeasureandIntegration,Springer
M206:Algebra2FieldTheory
Syllabus:
Finitegroups,simplegroups,solvablegroups,simplicityofA_n.
FieldTheory:AlgebraicExtensions,Finiteandalgebraicextensions,algebraicclosure,
separableandinseparableextensions,finitefields;
Galoistheory:GaloisextensionsandGaloisgroup,fundamentaltheorem;
ExplicitexamplesandconcreteapplicationsofGaloistheory;
Rootsofunity,cyclotomicpolynomialsandextensions,solvabilitybyradicals.
Iftimepermits:
IntroductiontoTranscendentalExtensions:Finitetranscendencedegree.
IntegralExtensions;
Hilbert'sNullstellensatz,affinevarieties.
Note: The topic on finite groups should bedonejust beforethe topic Solvability by
radicals.Section4.6ofJacobsonsBasicAlgebra1,orSection5.7ofHersteinshouldbe
used.
Suggestedtext:
D.S.DummitandR.M.FooteAbstractAlgebra,WileyCh.13,14,15.115.3
N.S.GopalakrishnanUniversityAlgebra,WileyEasternCh.4
TIFRpamphletonGaloistheory.
Othertexts:
S.LangAlgebra,AddisonWesley,(Ch.5,6.16.7,7.1,8.1,9.1);
I.N.HersteinTopicsinAlgebra,JohnWiley,Ch.5.
N.JacobsonBasicAlgebra1,HBA,Ch.4
G.RotmanGaloisTheory,Springer

M207:AlgebraicTopology
Syllabus:
SingularhomologyandEilenbergSteenrodAxioms:RelativeHomology,excisionand
exactness.MayerVietoissequence,homotopyinvariance;
Cellularhomologyasanexampleofahomologytheory:Computationofhomologyfor
cellcomplexeslikeS^n,CP^n,closed2manifolds.
Singularcohomology,cupandcapproducts,Cohomologyring;
Poincaredualityforclosedmanifolds.
Suggestedtext:
A.HatcherAlgebraicTopology(Ch.2,3)
References:
M.J.GreenbergLecturesonalgebraictopology,AddisonWesley,
J.VicksHomologyTheory,Springer;
J.R.MunkresElementsofAlgebraicTopology,AddisonWesley
SingerandThorpeNotesonElementaryTopologyandDifferentialGeometry,Springer

CourseM204b:LinearAlgebra2
Syllabus:
Modules
ModulesoverCommutativeRingsandsubmodules.
Examples:VectorSpaces;AbelianGroups,CommutativeRings;IdealsandQuotients,
Invariant subspaces of a Klinear transformation of a vector space V as a K[X]
submoduleofV;
ModuleHomomorphisms,KernelandImage,Hom(M,N),
Generationofmodules,DirectsumandFreeModules.
Noetherianmodules,Annihilatorandtorsionsubmodules;
FinitelygeneratedmodulesoverPID,submoduleofafreemoduleisfree;
StructuretheoremsInvariantfactorformandelementarydivisorform;
Primarydecompositiontheorems,(proofofuniquenessmaybeomitted)Applicationto
abeliangroups.
IntroductiontoCanonicalForms:StatementsandApplications; OutlineofProofstobe
given.DetailsofProofsmaybeexcludedfromtheexaminationsyllabus.
Minimalandcharacteristicpolynomials;triangularisationoveralgebraicallyclosedfield;
CayleyHamiltonTheorem,Nilpotenttransformations.
RationalandJordancanonicalforms.
SuggestedTexts:
D.S.DummitandR.M.FooteAbstractAlgebraJ.Wiley
N.S.GopalakrishnanUniversityAlgebraOxonianPress

K.HoffmanandR.KunzeLinearAlgebra,PHI(Ch3.73.10,Ch810)
M.ArtinAlgebra,PHI
Othertexts:
I.N.HersteinTopicsinAlgebra,JohnWiley,Ch.6.46.7.
N.JacobsonBasicAlgebra1,HBA,Ch.3
SECONDYEAR:SEMESTERS3,4
SEMESTER3

M211:FunctionalAnalysis
Syllabus:
Normed Linear Spaces and Banach Spaces: Bounded linear operators, Duals, Hahn
Banachtheorem;Uniformboundednessprinciple;
OpenmappingandClosedGraphtheorems,someapplications;
Dualspaces:ComputingdualsofL^p(1<=p<infty)andC[0,1];reflexivespaces;
Weakandweak*topologies,BanachAlaoglutheorem.
Hilbert Spaces Orthogonal sets, Projection theorem, Riesz representation theorem,
Adjointoperator;Selfadjoint,normalandunitaryoperators,Projections.
Spectrumandspectralradius;Spectraltheoremforcompactoperators.
Iftimepermits,
Spectraltheoremforselfadjoint,normalandunitaryoperators;
SuggestedText:
G.F.SimmonsTopologyandModernAnalysis(Ch.9,10,11,12),TMH
J.B.ConwayAFirstCourseinFunctionalAnalysis,Springer
Othertexts:
W.RudinRealandComplexanalysisTMH
M212:DifferentialGeometry
Syllabus:
Manifolds:Smoothfunctions,vectorfields,Jacobian,integralcurves,submanifolds;
ConnectionsandcurvatureforsurfacesinR^3,Gaussmap.
TheclassicaltheoryofsurfacesinR^3tobestressedanddoneindetailasthefirstsetof
exampleswherethenotionsofconnectionandcurvaturecomeup.Thegeneraltheory
belowtobedescribedinthecontextofRiemannianmanifoldsonly.
Riemannianmanifoldsandsubmanifolds:Lengthanddistance,Riemannianconnection
andcurvature,curves,submanifolds,hypersurfaces.
Operators on forms and integration: Exterior derivative, contraction, Lie derivative,
generalcovariantderivative,integrationofformsandStokes'theorem;

SurfacesinR^3,GaussBonnetformulaandIndextheorem.
Suggestedtexts:
N.J.HicksNotesonDifferentialGeometry;Ch.1,2,3,7,8.1,8.2,AP
Ch5,6oftheabovereferencedealwiththetheoryofconnectionsandcurvatureingreat
detailandcanbeusedasareferenceforthesetopics,ratherthanatext.Forthistopicit
isadvisabletouseCh2and4ofthetextbelowasthebasictext.
M.P.doCarmoRiemannianGeometry(Ch.1,2,3,4)Birkhauser
Othertexts:
S.Kumaresan,ACourseonDifferentialGeometryandLieGroups,HBA
N.J.HicksNotesonDifferentialGeometry;Ch.5,6AP
B.O'NeillElementaryDifferentialGeometry;Springer
KlingenbergElementaryDifferentialGeometry;AP
M.P.doCarmoDifferentialgeometryofcurvesandsurfacesBirkhauser
M.SpivakCalculusonManifoldsPublishorPerish
SingerandThorpeNotesonElementaryTopologyandDifferentialGeometrySpringer
Course11:Elective1
Course12:Elective2
SEMESTER4
M213:NumberTheory
Syllabus:
RevisionofUniqueFactorization,Congruences,Chineseremaindertheorem;
StructureofU(Z/nZ),quadraticreciprocity,QuadraticGausssums,Finitefields,Gauss
andJacobisums,Cubicandbiquadraticreciprocity,Equationsoverfinitefields,Zeta
Function.
Algebraic number fields and their ring of integers, Units and primes, factorisation,
Quadratic andcyclotomic fields,Dirichlet Lfunction,Diophantineequations,Elliptic
curves.
Suggestedtexts:
Ireland&RosenAClassicalIntroductiontoModernNumberTheory
I.Niven,S.H.ZuckermanandL.H.MontgomeryAnintroductiontothe
theoryofnumbers
Othertexts:
J.P.SerreAcourseinarithmetic,
J.W.S.CasselsandA.FrohlichAlgebraicNumberTheory
Course14:Elective3
Course15:Elective4

Course16:Elective5/Project

ELECTIVES
ElectiveM301:AdvancedComplexAnalysis
Syllabus:
Revision of Compactness and convergence in the space of analytic functions and
Riemannmappingtheorem;
Weierstrass Factorisation theorem, Riemann zeta function, Runge's theorem, Mittag
Leffler's theorem, Analytic continuation and Riemann surfaces, Schwarz reflection
principle, Monodromytheorem, Harmonic functions, subharmonic andsuperharmonic
functions,Dirichletproblem,Green'sfunctions,Jensen'sformula.
Iftimepermits,
Hadamardfactorisationtheorem,Bloch'stheorem,Picard'stheorem
Suggestedtexts:
J.B.ConwayFunctionsofoneComplexVariable(Ch.712)Narosa
L.V.AhlforsComplexAnalysisTMH
H.M.FarkasandI.KraRiemannsurfaces,Springer
E.SteinandR.ShakarchiComplexAnalysis,PUP
ElectiveM302:HarmonicAnalysis
Syllabus:
Topologicalgroups,quotientsandproducts,opensubgroups,HaarMeasureonLocally
Compact Groups; Properties of Haar measure, Invariant measures on homogeneous
spaces.
RepresentationofcompactLiegroups,Schur'sLemma,Weylcharacterformula,Peter
Weyltheory,RepresentationsofSU(2,C).
Iftimepermits,
Induced representation and Frobenius reciprocity theorem, Principal series
representationsofSl(2,R)
Suggestedtexts:G.B.Folland:IntroductiontoAbstractHarmonicAnalysis,CRCPress
S.C.Bagchi,S.Madan,A.SitaramandU.B.TewariAfirstcourseon
representationtheoryandlinearLiegroups,UniversityPress.
A.DeitmarAfirstcourseinharmonicanalysis,Springer
E.SteinandR.ShakarchiFourierAnalysis,PUP
ElectiveM303:ProbabilityTheory
Syllabus:
Independence,Kolmogorovzeroonelaw,Kolmogorovthreeseriestheorem,Stronglaw
oflargenumbers,LevyCramercontinuity,Centrallimittheorem,Infiniteproductsof
probabilitymeasures,DiscretetimediscretestateMarkovchains.
Suggestedtexts:J.NevueMathematicalfoundationsofthecalculusofprobability

P.BillingsleyProbabilityandmeasure
Y.S. Chow and H. Teicher Probability theory, Independence,
interchangeability,martingales.
ElectiveM304:DistributionTheory
Syllabus:
C^\inftyfunctionsonR^n,smoothpartitionofunityonR^n;
Testfunctionspaceonanopensubset\OmegaofR^n;
Spaceofdistributionson\Omega,functionsandmeasuresasdistributions;
Examplesofdistributionson\OmegathatdonotextendtodistributionsonR^n;
Elementary operations on the space of distributions: Derivatives of distributions,
multiplicationbyafunction,convolutionbyatestfunction;
Sequencesofdistributions:convergenceandapproximationbytestfunctions.
Schwartzspace,IsomorphismofSchwartzspacewithitselfunderFouriertransform;
FourierinversionandFourierPlancherelTheorem;
Tempereddistributions,Fouriertransformsoftempereddistributions;
Distributionsofcompactsupport;
ConvolutionofatempereddistributionwithafunctionofSchwartzclass;
Fouriertransformofderivativesandconvolutions(with aSchwartzclassfunction)of
tempereddistributions;
Application of distributions to solving PDEs: Weak solutions, some easy examples,
statementofellipticregularity;
solution of Laplace equation on the halfplane and the Heat equation in R^3, using
Fouriertransforms.
SuggestedTexts:
W.RudinFunctionalAnalysis,TMH,Ch.6,7.17.19
R.StrichartzAguidetodistributiontheoryandFouriertransforms,CRCPress,1994,
Ch.5
G.B.FollandFourierAnalysisanditsapplications,WadsworthandBrooks
S.Kesavan:Functionalanalysisandapplications,JohnWiley,1989
ElectiveM305:OperatorAlgebras
Multiplicativefunctionalsandmaximalidealspace,Gelfandtransform,GelfandNaimark
theorem,RationalfunctionalCalculus
C*Algebras,
PositiveConesofC*Algebras
StatesandGNSConstruction
(Iftimepermits,someofthefollowingtopicsinC*algebrasmaybetouchedupon
ApproximateIdentitites,Extremepointsontheunitball,
PureStatesandregularmaximalideals

Ideals,QuotientsandRepresentations)

BanachspaceofoperatorsonaHilbertspaceB(H)
LocallyconvexTopologiesonB(H)
Polardecompositionandorthogonaldecomposition
vonNeumannDoubleCommutantTheorem
Iftimepermits,
Kaplansky'sdensitytheorem
SuggestedTexts:
R.V.KadisonandJ.R.RingroseFundamentalsoftheTheoryofOperatorAlgebras,
AMS
Othertexts:
IntroductiontoOperatorAlgebrasLiBingRen,WorldScientific
W.ArvesonAnInvitationtoC*Algebras(Ch1),Springer
V.S.SunderAnInvitationtovonNeumannAlgebras(Ch1),Cambridge
ElectiveM311:Algebra3
Syllabus:
Recapitulation of rings and modules : Noetherian and artinian rings and modules.
Modulesoffinitelength.JordanH\"{o}ldertheorem.KrullSchmidttheorem.
Tensorproductdefinition,basicproperties,rightexactness,changeofrings.
Semisimpleringsandmodules.Wedderburn'stheoremsaboutstructureofsemisimple
andsimplerings.
NilradicalandJacobsonradical.Nakayama'slemma.Jacobsonradicalofartinianringis
nilpotent. Ringsemisimpleifandonlyifartinianandradicaltrivial. Artinianringis
noetherian.
Grouprepresentation(definition andgeneralities). Characters.Orthogonalityrelation.
Burnside'stwoprimetheorem.Inducedrepresentation.Frobeniusreciprocity.
Brauer'stheoremoninducedcharacters.
S.LangAlgebra(Ch.16,17,18),Springer
C.W.CurtisandI.ReinerRepresentationTheoryoffiniteGroupsandAssociative
Algebras,Springer
P.M.CohnFurtherAlgebraandApplications,Springer
T.Y.LamAFirstCourseinNoncommutativeRings,Springer
ElectiveM312:CommutativeAlgebra
Syllabus:
Zerodivisors,Nilpotentelements,NilradicalandJacobsonradicals,Opertionsonideals,
Extension and contraction, tensor product of modules, exactness properties of tensor
products,Ringsandmodulesoffractions,PrimaryDecomposition,Integraldependence

andvaluations,chainconditions,NoetherianandArtinianrings,Discretevaluationsand
Dedekinddomains,Completions,Dimensiontheory.
Suggestedtexts:
M.F.Atiyah&I.G.MacdonaldIntroductiontoCommutativeRings,AddisonWesley
D.EisenbudCommutativeAlgebrawithaviewtowardsAlgebraicGeometry,Springer
MilesReidUndergraduateCommutativeAlgebra,LMS29,CUP
D.S.DummittandR.M.FooteAbstractAlgebra,Wiley,Ch.15
N.S.GopalakrishnanCommutativeAlgebra,OxonianPress
ElectiveM313:AlgebraicGeometry
Syllabus:
Affinealgebraicsets:Affine spacesandalgebraicsets,Noetherianrings,Hilbertbasis
theorem,affinealgebraicsetsasfiniteintersectionofhypersurfaces;Idealofasetof
points, coordinate ring, morphism between algebraic sets, isomorphism. Integral
extensions,Noethersnormalizationlemma,HilbertsNullstellensatzandapplications:
correspondencebetweenradicalidealsandalgebraicsets,primeidealsandirreducible
algebraic sets, maximal ideals and points, contrapositive equivalence between affine
algebras with algebra homomorphisms and algebraic sets with morphisms, between
affine domains and irreducible algebraic sets, decomposition of an algebraic set into
irreduciblecomponents.Zariskitopologyonaffinespaces,algebraicsubsetsoftheplane.
Projectivespaces:homogeneouscoordinates,hyperplaneatinfinity,projectivealgebraic
sets,homogeneousidealsandprojectiveNullstellensatz;Zariskitopologyonprojective
spaces.TwistedcubicinP_3(k).
Localpropertiesofplanecurves:multiplepointsandtangentlines,multiplicityandlocal
rings, intersection numbers; projective plane curves: Linear systems of curves,
intersectionsofprojectivecurves:Bezoutstheoremandapplications;groupstructureon
acubic
Introductiontosheavesofaffinevarieties;examplesofpresheavesandsheaves,stalks,
sheafificationofapresheaf,sections,structuresheaf,genericstalkandfunctionfields,
rational functions and local rings, Affine tangent spaces; Projective varieties and
morphisms;Hausdorffaxiom.
Primespectrumofaring:Zariskitopology,structiureaheaf,affineschemes,morphismof
affineschemes.
ElementaryDimensionTheory,Fibresofamorphism,completevarieties,nonsingularity
andregularlocalrings,Jacobiancriterion,nonsingularcurvesandDVRs.
Suggestedtexts:
W.FultonAlgebraiccurves,Anintroductiontoalgebraicgeometry,
C.G.GibsonElementaryGeometryofAlgebraicCurves,CUP,
D.S.DummittandR.M.FooteAbstractAlgebra,Wiley,Ch.15
Othertexts:

J.HarrisAlgebraicGeometry,Afirstcourse,Springer
M.ReidUndergraduatealgebraicgeometry,LMS12,CUP
K.KendigElementaryAlgebraicGeometry,Springer
D.MumfordTheRedBookofVarietiesandSchemes,Springer
I.R.ShafarevichBasicAlgebraicGeometry,Springer

ElectiveM321:AlgebraicandDifferentialTopology
Syllabus:
Topicsfrom
PoincareDuality,KunnethProductFormula,UniversalCoefficientTheorem;
Differentialtopology:TransversalityandMorseSardtheorem,
DistributionsandIntegrability,Frobeniustheorem;
Orientation, intersection number, Euler characteristic, Lefschetz fixed point theorem,
Indexofvectorfield,PoincareHopfindextheorem;
Integrationoverchains;DeRhamcohomology,DeRham'stheorem,Stokestheorem,
Gaussmap,GaussBonnettheorem(ifnotalreadycoveredinDifferentialGeometry).
CharacteristicClasses
Suggestedtexts:
AllenW.HatcherAlgebraicTopology,Cambridge
J.W.MilnorandJ.StasheffCharacteristicClasses,HBA
V.GuilleminandA.PollackDifferentialTopology,PrenticeHall
M.HirschDifferentialTopology,Springer
R. Bott and L.W.Tu Differential Forms and Algebraic Topology,
Springer
ElectiveM322:GeometricTopology
Syllabus:
Topicsfrom:
KnotsandLinks:Knotgroup,Seifertsurfaces,Linkingnumbers,Alexanderinvariant,
surgeryonlinks;
Geometricstructuresclassification.
HyperbolicGeometry:Modelsforhyperbolicspace,Hyperbolic2manifolds;
Geometric group theory: Cayley graph of a group, MilnorSvarc theorem, Quasi
isometries;
HyperbolicgroupsinthesenseofGromov.
Suggestedtexts:J.Hempel3manifolds,PUP
D.RolfsenKnotsandLinks,AMS
W.JacoLectureson3manifoldtopology,AMS
R.BenedettiandC.PetronioLecturesonHyperbolicGeometry,Springer

W.P.ThurstonGeometryandTopologyof3manifolds,PrincetonNotes
S.M.Gersten(ed.)EssaysinGroupTheory,Springer
E.GhysandP.delaHarpeSurlesgroupeshyperboliqueapersMikhail
Gromov,Birkhauser
E.Ghys,A.Haefliger,A.VerjovskyGrouptheoryfromageometrical
viewpoint,WorldScientific
ElectiveM323:LiegroupsandLieAlgebras
Syllabus:
Linear Lie groups, exponential map, Lie algebra of a Lie group, Lie subgroups and
subalgebras,Lietransformationgroups,cosetspacesandhomogeneousspaces,adjoint
group,Invariantdifferentialforms;
Liealgebras,nilpotent,solvable,semisimpleLiealgebras,ideals,Killingform,Lie'sand
Engel'stheorem,UniversalenvelopingalgebraandPoincareBirkhoffWitttheorem;
StructureofsemisimpleLiealgebras,Cartansubalgebras,rootspacedecomposition.
Suggestedtexts:J.E.HumphreysIntroductiontoLiealgebrasandrepresentationtheory,
Springer
J.F.AdamsLecturesonLiegroups,Chicago
W.KnappRepresentation theoryofsemisimple groups,Anoverview
basedonexamples;
W.RossmanLiegroups:AnIntroductionthroughLineargroups.OUP
ElectiveM324:AdvancedDifferentialGeometry
Syllabus:
JacobiFields,conjugatepoints,Isometricimmersions,Secondfundamentalform,Spaces
ofconstantcurvature,hyperbolicspace,firstandsecondvariationsofenergy,Bonnet
Myers and SyngeWeinstein Theorems, Rauch comparison theorem, Morse Index
theorem,Manifoldsofnegativecurvature,Preissman'sTheorem,Spheretheorem.
Suggestedtexts:
M.P.doCarmoRiemannianGeometry(Ch.513),Birkhauser
J.W.MilnorMorsetheory,PUP
ElectiveM325:ComplexManifoldsandRiemannSurfaces
Syllabus:
Cauchy'stheoreminseveralcomplexvariables,Weierstrasspreparationtheorem.
DefinitionofcomplexmanifoldsandRiemannsurfaces,calculusoncomplexmanifolds.
Sheavesandcohomology.
DivisorsandLinebundles.
Normalizationtheorem.
Suggestedtexts:
GriffithsandHarrisPrinciplesofAlgebraicGeometry(Ch.0,1)Wiley

GriffithsIntroductiontoAlgebraicCurves(Ch.13)AMS
ElectiveM326:ComplexDynamics
Syllabus:
RevisionofUniversalcoverings,Uniformization,Normalfamilies,Montel'stheorem.
IteratedHolomorphicmaps:FatouandJuliasets,dynamicsoneuclideanandhyperbolic
surfaces,smoothJuliasets.
Fixedpointtheory:Attracting,repelling,indifferentfixedpoints.Parabolicfixedpoints
andtheFatouflower,Cremerpoints.
Mostperiodicorbitsrepel,repellingcyclesaredenseintheJuliaset.
Suggestedtexts:
J.MilnorDynamicsinOneComplexVariable,PUP.
A.BeardonIterationofRationalMapsSpringer
X. BuffandJ.HubbardComplexDynamics
ElectiveM327:AdvancedAlgebraicTopology
Homotopy groups, Whitehead theorem, CW approximation, Freudenthal suspension
theorem.Ref:AlgebraicTopology:Hatcher
Serrespectralsequence,Calculations,Serre'stheoremonhomotopygroupsofspheres.
Ref:SpectralSequencesinAlgebraicTopology:Hatcher
Vectorbundlesandcharacteristicclasses.Ref:Characteristicclasses:Milnor,Stasheff.
Generalisedcohomologytheory,Ktheoryasanexample,Bottperiodicity,calculationof
K theory, Atiyah Hirzebruch spectral sequence. Ref: Vector bundles and K theory:
Hatcher.

ElectiveM331:LogicandSettheory
Syllabus:
NaveSetTheory:Relationsandfunctions;AxiomofchoiceandZornsLemma,Well
orderingprinciple,arithmeticofcardinalandordinalnumbers,transfiniteinduction.
Propositionalcalculus,Poststautologytheorem;
Predicate calculus, completeness theorems of predicate calculus; Godel numbers,
recursivefunctions,Representabilitytheorem
GodelsFirstIncompletenessTheorem.
Suggestedtexts:
S.M.SrivastavaACourseonBorelSets,Springer;
H.EndertonIntroductiontoMathematicalLogic,AP
J.SchoenfieldIntroductiontoLogic,AP

K.Kuratowski,H.MostowskiSetTheory,vanNostrand
E.MendelsonIntroductiontoLogic,AP
K.KunenSetTheory,PrenticeHall
ElectiveM332:ProgrammingandDataStructures
Syllabus:
Introduction: algorithms and programmes (notion of variables, actions, input/output);
operationalissues(editing,compiling,running,anddebuggingprogrammes).
C: variables, operators, expressions, statements, types (including some discussion on
representationandsize);controlflow;arraysandpointers(notionofstorage,memory
locations, equivalence of pointers and arrays, pointer operations, multidimensional
arrays, dynamic allocation/deallocation, strings); functions, macros, preprocessor
directives,headerfiles,multiplesourcefiles;structuresandunions.
DataStructures:definition,lists(arrayandlinkedlistimplementations),stacks,queues,
binarytrees,treetraversal;elementarynotionsoftimeandspacecomplexity,Onotation;
sorting (radix or bucket, bubble or insertion, merge or quick); binary search, binary
searchtrees;hashing.
Suggestedtexts:
B.Kernighan,D.Richie:TheCProgrammingLanguagePHI
J.Aho,H.Hopcroft,T.UllmanDataStructuresandAlgorithms,Wiley
Othertexts:
S.GottfriedProgramminginC,SchaumSeries,
R.L.KruseDataStructuresandProgrammeDesigninC,PHI
ElectiveM333:GraphtheoryandCombinatorics
Syllabus:
Inclusionexclusion principle, pigeonhole principle, Ramsey theorem for rsubsets
classifiedintokclasses.
Generatingfunctions,recurrencerelations,Polya'stheoryofcounting,RamseyTheory.
Graphs,digraphs,degree,connectedness,paths,cycles,Eulerianandhamiltoniangraphs,
chromaticnumbers,planarity,isomorphism,,subgraph,complement.
Regulargraphs,stronglyregulargraphs,adjacencyandincidencematrices,eigenvalues
of graphs, PerronFrobenius theorem, characterization of connectedness by spectrum,
classificationofgraphswithlargesteigenvalueatmost2(Dynkindiagrams).
SuggestedTexts:
C.L.LiuIntroductiontoCombinatorialMathematics
J.A.BondyandU.S.R.MurtyGraphtheorywithapplications
Othertexts:
P.J.CameronandJ.H.vanLintDesigns,Graphs,Codesandtheirlinks,LondonMath.
Soc.,StudentsTextNo.22,CambridgeUniv.Press,1991.
B.BollobasRandomgraphs,Acad.press.

F.HararyGraphTheory
H.J.RyserCombinatorialMathematics
M.J.EricksonIntroductiontoCombinatorics

ElectiveM334:Automatatheory,LanguagesandComputability
Syllabus:
Automatatheory:Finiteautomata,regularlanguages,regularexpressions,equivalenceof
deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata, minimisation of finite automata,
Kleene'stheorem,pumpinglemma,MyhillNerodetheorem,Contextfreegrammarand
languages, Chomsky normal form, pushdown automata, Contextsensitive languages,
Chomskyhierarchy,closureproperties.
Recursive, Primitive Recusive and partial recursive functions. Recursive and
semirecursive(r.e.)sets,variousequivalentmodelsofTuringmachines,ChurchTuring
thesis,UniversalTuringmachinesandHaltingProblem.Reducibility.
Complexity:TimecomplexityofdeterministicandnondeterministicTuringmachines,P
andNP,Polynomialtimereducibility,NP completeness,Cook'stheorem(statement
only)
SuggestedTexts:
J.E. Hopcroft and J.D.Ullman Introduction to automata theory, languages and
computation,
H.R.LewisandC.H.PapadimitriouElementsofthetheoryofcomputation
References:
S.M.SrivastavaACourseinMathematicalLogic,Springer
MartinDavis,R.SigalandE.J.WeyukerComputability,Complexity,andLanguages:
FundamentalsofTheoreticalComputerScience
ElectiveM341:ClassicalMechanics1
LagrangianMechanics,variationalcalculus,Lagrange'sequations,Legendretransform,
Liouville'stheorem,holonomicprinciple,Noether'stheorem,D'Alembert'sprinciple.
Oscillations
Rigidbodies
SuggestedTexts:
V.I.ArnoldMathematicalMethodsofClassicalMechanics,Springer
R.AbrahamandJ.MarsdenFoundationsofMechanics,AddisonWesley
ElectiveM342:ClassicalMechanics2
Hamiltonian Mechanics, symplectic manifolds, symplectic atlas, HamiltonJacobi
method,generatingfunctions,Integrablesystems

SuggestedTexts:
V.I.ArnoldMathematicalMethodsofClassicalMechanics,Springer
R.AbrahamandJ.MarsdenFoundationsofMechanics,AddisonWesley
ElectiveM343:QuantumMechanics
ProbabilitytheoryonthelatticeofprojectionsinaHilbertspace
Systemswithaconfigurationunderagroupaction
Multipliersonlocallycompactgroups
Thebasicobservablesofaquantummechanicalsystem
SuggestedTexts:
K.R.ParthasarathyMathematicalFoundationsofQuantumMechanics.HindustanBook
Agency
S.J.Gustafson,I.M.SigalMathematicalConceptsofQuantumMechanics,Springer
ProjectM400:
Atthediscretion offaculty,astudentmight beallowed tocarryoutaonesemester
projectonanadvancedtopic.Theprojectshouldbecarriedoutinthe4thsemesterinlieu
ofoneelective.Theprojectismeanttoinculcateinthestudentatasteforresearch.
ResearchMethodology M450: ThiscourseisacompulsoryrequirementforallPhD
students.Theywillbetestedintermsoftheirabilitytousesoftwareforliteraturesurvey
(MathSciNet)andpreparelatexdocments.
SpecialTopicsM500: Underspecial circumstances aspecialtopiccoursemightbe
offeredbyafacultymember.Insuchacase,thecoursecontentmustbeapprovedbythe
BoardofStudies.
M501:TopicsinTopology
M502:TopicsinGeometry
M503:TopicsinAnalysis
M504:TopicsinDynamics
M505:TopicsinAlgebra
SeminarM601:Topologyseminar
SeminarM602:Analysisseminar
SeminarM603:Algebraseminar
ResearchM700
Note:Incertainyears,ifthereisademand,thecourseonNumberTheory(Course13)
maybeshiftedtothe3rdsemesterinlieuofanelective.Inthiscasetheslotinthe4th
semesterwillbecomefreeforanelective.