One-dimensional kinematics

Relationship of v and a

If v and a MOVING TO THE RIGHT,

SPEEDING UP
If v and a MOVING TO THE RIGHT,
SLOWING DOWN
If v and a MOVING TO THE LEFT,
SLOWING DOWN
If v and a MOVING TO THE LEFT,
SPEEDING UP

Take note that direction is arbitrary

Velocity shows the direction of motion
Acceleration shows if speeding up or slowing
down RELATIVE to v. If parallel (same sign),
speeding up; if anti-parallel (diff. sign), slowing
down.
If a occurs long enough, its direction will affect
the direction of motion.
Ex: v and a MOVING TO THE RIGHT and
SLOWING DOWN
BUT if a occurs long enough, MOVING TO THE
RIGHT, SLOWING DOWN -> STOP SLOWING
DOWN -> MOVING TO THE LEFT, SPEEDING UP
Thus, the acceleration vector shows direction
eventually if the motion continues to
accelerate.
Slowing down does not mean negative
acceleration.

Free-fall motion at peak, direction changes so

Vy=0
Thrown up or thrown from rest have similar
velocity upon reaching the ground.
The higher the speed thrown up/from rest, the
higher speed upon reaching the ground.

Two-dimensional kinematics

Vector
components
should
be
treated
independently/separately.
The over-all velocity vector is always tangent
to the path.
When you change direction, the velocity on
that direction is 0.
Ex: From down to up (Vy=0, V=Vx); From left to
right (Vy=V, Vx=0)

Projectile motion

X and Y components are independent of each

other when considering projectile motion. So,
the time that would take an object to reach the
ground after falling is the same as the time it
would take an object to reach the ground after
being thrown horizontally.
Time in a projectile motion depends only on the
Y (vertical) velocity and acceleration.
Since there is no force acting on the x
direction, Vx remains the same.

Newtons Second law

Constant acceleration displays line symmetry.

If two objects have the same displacement,
then those objects have the same speed
(magnitude of velocity) on those two point.
When the object reverses direction, its velocity
in that instant is 0.
When the object is moving in constant speed
(in one dimension), its acceleration is 0.
When given constant velocity, delta-x =
(velocity)(time)
Free-fall -> neglect air resistance
Acceleration comes from forces
It does not mean that if the acceleration is
down, the motion is downward.
g signifies magnitude of acceleration due to
gravity.
Gravity only acts on vertical motion.

a=0 means speed and direction is constant; v

is constant; net force=0
a not =0 means speed is changing OR direction
is changing OR both are changing; v is
changing; net force not =0
Forces cause changes in motion (acceleration)
Force does not explain motion. F cannot
explain v and vice versa
When an object is moving at a certain
direction, it does not mean that a force causes
the motion.
Example: If you have 8N force, the force is
enough to accelerate an 8-kg object to 1m/s 2 or
a 1-kg object to 8m/s2
All forces come in pairs.
How to determine all forces that act on an
object:
1. Weight. All objects have weight.
2. Contact forces.
F=ma; wherein a is not equal to 9.8 m/s 2
because it was already in W
W= -(Ty + N) Thus normal force is not always
equal to weight in magnitude
Tension can only pull while normal force (a
contact force) can only push
Ropes that connect two objects should have
the same acceleration