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ANIMALS

Are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). All animals are
motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently, at some point in their lives. Their body
plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later
on in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for
sustenance.
Most known animal phyla appeared in the fossil record as marine species during the Cambrian explosion,
about 542 million years ago. Animals are divided into various sub-groups, some of which are: vertebrates
(birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish); molluscs (clams, oysters, octopuses, squid, snails);
arthropods (millipedes, centipedes, insects, spiders, scorpions, crabs, lobsters, shrimp); annelids
(earthworms, leeches); sponges; and jellyfish.

There are two major divisions in the animal kingdom:


VERTEBRATES:
Animals with an internal skeleton made of bone are called vertebrates. Vertebrates include fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, primates, rodents and marsupials.
Although vertebrates represent only a very small percentage of all animals, their size and mobility often
allow them to dominate their environment.

INVERTEBRATES:
Of the million or more animal species in the world, more than 98% are invertebrates. Invertebrates don't
have an internal skeleton made of bone. Many invertebrates have a fluid-filled, hydrostatic skeleton, like the
jelly fish or worm. Others have a hard outer shell, like insects and crustaceans. There are many types of
invertebrates. The most common invertebrates include the protozoa, annelids, echinoderms, mollusks and
arthropods. Arthropods include insects, crustaceans and arachnids.

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