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EE 201
RL transient 1
RL transient 2
IS
t=0
L
iL
+
vL
( ) =
RL transient 3
IS
t=0
L
iL
+
vL
()
()
ln
=
=
ln
/
=
EE 201
()=
/
()
exp
/
RL transient 4
()=
exp
At t = 0, iL = Ii, as expected.
()=
exp
Finally, note that the equation works just as well for amping down as
it does for amping up. In the example, we implied If > Ii, but that
was never a requirement in the derivation of the equation.
EE 201
RL transient 5
15 mA
If
5 mA
Ii
t=0
+
L
vL
50 mH
R
IS
5 k!
16!
60!
14!
50!
12!
40!
vL (V)!
iL (mA)!
10!
8!
6!
30!
20!
4!
10!
2!
0!
0!
-5!
0!
5!
10!
t (s)!
15!
20!
25!
-5!
0!
5!
10!
15!
20!
25!
t (s)!
RL transient 6
Using a switch
The same transient phenomena occurs when using a switch to change
a circuit.
IS
L
iL
+
vL
1. For t < 0, the inductor may have a current flowing (depending on the
circuit configuration), iL(t < 0) = Ii . Also, vL = 0.
2. At t = 0, the switch closes. The inductor maintains its current, iL(0) = Ii.
The inductor voltage jumps abruptly to
( )=
( ) =
3. For t > 0, the inductor current rises. The voltage drops as the current rises.
()=
EE 201
exp
/
RL transient 7
RL time constant
EE 201
RL transient 8
Example
Ii
100 mA
IS
10 mA
If
t=0
iL
680 ! 75 mH
] exp
=[
=(
EE 201
) ln
]+[
/
] exp
=
=[
]+[
] exp
RL transient 9
Example 2
10 V
VS +
Vf
100 !
iL
10 V
0.25 H
Vi t = 0
The voltage source in the above circuit abruptly changes from 10 V to
+10 V at t = 0. Find expressions for the inductor current and inductor
voltage. Find the time at which the inductor current crosses 0 mA.
The circuit is in the wrong form to the equation directly. Instead use a
source transformation to change it to the standard form.
100 mA
()=
] exp
/
R
L
If
iL
I
S
100 mA
= [ . ] [ . ] exp
0.25 H
100
!
.
t=0
Ii
()=
=[
=( .
EE 201
]
) ln
] exp
= .
=
=[
exp
] exp
/
.
RL transient 10
R1 1.5 k! R3 1 k!
Example 3
10 V
V2
0V
V1 t = 0
VS
R2
2.2 k!
27 mH
iL
= 0.314 VS.
IN =
1
R1 + 1 + R
R2 R3
+
R2
V
S
= 1.89 k.
=
+
t < 0, Ii = 0.
t 0, If = 3.14 mA.
L/RN = (27 mH)/(1.89 !) = 14.3 s
EE 201
3.14 mA
If
0V
t=0
Ii
IN
RN
1.89 k!
L
27 mH
t
14.3s
iL
RL transient 11
To study:
1. Work through the solution to the differential equation (slide 4) and
make sure that you understand it thoroughly.
2. Try to find the solution to Example 3 without using the Thevenin
equivalent. It can be done, although it might be a bit messy.
3. For the example shown on slide 6, calculate the inductor energy
before and after the transient. Calculate the total energy delivered by
the source during the transient. Show that everything balances.
(Dont forget about the power consumed in the resistor.)
EE 201
RL transient 12