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Abstract:
A space vector PWM technique is developed based
on the combination of space vectors from dual inverters
feeding the induction motor from both ends (open-end
winding without neutral point). A total of 64 voltage space
vector combinations are available for PWM voltage control of
the inverter fed machine with open-end winding. A space
phasor based PWM scheme is proposed with minimum
number of switching in a cycle per inverter coupled with equal
number ofswitching for each inverter.
1. INTRODUCTION
In multi level configurations (3-level as well as 5level configurations) as the level increases, the power
circuit complexity and cost increases [ 1251. Multilevel
converters with series-connected H-bridges are suggested
for high-resolution voltage phasor generation [6]. In this
paper a combination of two 2-level inverters (with half the
DC link voltage when compared to a conventional single
inverter scheme) with open-end winding for three phase
induction motor is proposed.
A combination of two 2-level inverters with three
phase open-end winding induction motor results in 64
switching state vectors. This higher number of switching
state vectors can be appropriately utilized generating a
P W M waveform with reduced inverter switching
fiequency. In the present implementation isolated
transformers [3] have been used for both inverters. The
OPEN-END WINDING
The schematic of the dual voltage source inverter
fed three-phase induction motor with open-end winding is
shown in Fig. 1. Vao, Vbo, Vco are the pole voltages of the
inverter-1. Vao, Vbo, Vco are the pole voltages of
inverter-2. The space phasor locations fiom individual
inverters are shown in Fig.2.The space phasor
combinations fkom the two inverters are shown in Fig.3. In
all 64 space phasor combinations are possible fkom both the
inverters. For example, a combination 6-1 implies that the
switching state for inverter-1 is (+ - +) and that for inverter2 is (+ - -). A + means top switch in the inverter is on, a
- means bottom switch in the inverter is on. The motor
phase voltage can be found out fiom the pole voltages of
individual inverters.
Separate DC supply is used for individual inverter
to block the flow of third harmonic currents. This is
achieved using isolated transformers in providing the DC
supply for both the inverters.
Inverter - 1
V
Inverter - 2
a T
b
C
Fig..l Dual inverter fed 3 phase induction motor with open-end winding.
399
4-1
C-phwe
5-2
5-3,6-2
6-3
4
PWM PATTERN GENERATION USING 24
TRIANGULAR SECTORS
The entire speed range of operation is divided into
48 sampling intervals (Ts)for the proposed scheme (Fig.6).
Further, the speed range is divided into two groups to
which the tip of reference space phasor belongs - the outer
sub-hexagons (sector S7 to sector S24) or inner,hexagon
(sector S1 to sector S6). TABLE-3 shows the inverter
switching pattern followed for outer sub-hexagons and
TABLE-2 for the inner hexagon. For example for sector S7
first the vectors outputted are 18 - 15 - 14 - 17 where
inverter-1 is clamped to vector 1 while the inverter-2 is in
switching mode. This is identified as INV-2 (1 -Tg) which
indicates that inverter-I is not switched and inverter-2 is in
(1-Tg) mode, where the (1-Tg) mode identified as the
switching sequence for inverter-2, is from state-8 for first
TzeroR period and state-7 for the last TzeroI2 period. The
Tg mode is identified as the inverter-2 switching state
starting as 7 for first Tzero/2 period and state-8 as the last
TzeroR period. Similar switching sequence for inverter-1 is
referred to as MV-1 (1 - Tg) and INV-1 Tg modes
(TABLE-3)[4].
In the proposed scheme a switching pattern is
evolved in which only one inverter is switched during
switching transition and all the 64 space phasor
combinations available are made use of for the PWM
control covering the entire speed range.
400
The equations for shifting A to 0 The equations for shifting B to 0 The equations for shifting C to 0
are
Vu(t)=Vo
(r)-- vdc
v, ( t ) = v,
V,(r)=v,*(t)+%
.(I)
Vak
-6
V,(t)=V, ( f ) - -
V, ( t ) = v,* ( t )+ vdc
V , ( t ) = V , ( t ) + -vdc
(1)
vdc
6
vdc
V,(t) = Vc ( t ) + -
3
The equations for shifting F to 0
are
v, ( f ) = v,
dc
( f )+ 6
v, ( t )= V,(t)+Vd
6
V, ( t ) = V, ( t ) --Vdc
3 ,
V,(t) = V,(t)-,
Vdc
(5)
v, ( t ) = v,
( t )+3vdc
1
j(6)
LO.
C
-ja
Fig5 sectclridentificationmingja,jb,jcpres
B
*\
120 O
90 O
60
we0
-A
40 I
TABLE- 1
Sector
1
Ja
Jb
<
fi y d
2--v&
&
.4
Jc
<
y&
&
Sector
2
Ja
Jb
4T y d
<
&-v&J3
.4
Jc
J5
2--v&
4
TABLE-2 SWITCHING SEOUENCE WHEN TIP OF THE REFERENCE VECTOR LIES IN THE M E R HEXAGON
SI
S2
S2
S3
S3
S4
S4
S5
S5
S6
S6
(1-Tg)
___+
77 - 74 75 78
77
76 - 75 - 78
Tg ____+
88
85 - 86 - 87
88
81 - 86 - 87
(1-Tg)
___+
77 - 76 - 71 - 78
77 - 72 - 71 78
Tg
88
81 82 - 87
88 - 83 - 82 - 87
(I-%)
77
72 - 73 78
77 - 74 - 73 78
Tg c___+
88 - 83 - 84 - 87
___,
-
(1-Tg)
___I+
28 - 18 88
78
78
28 - 38 - 88
Tg
+
87
37 - 27 - 77
87
37 - 47 - 77
(1-Q)
78 - 48 - 38 - 88
78 - 48 - 58 - 88
Tg
87 - 57 - 47 - 77
87 - 57 - 67 - 77
(1-Q)
_e__,
78 - 68 - 58 - 88
78 - 68 - 18 - 88
Tg
87 - 17 - 67 - 77
Wt=30
Negative sequence
Wt=9Oo
Positive sequence
Wt = 150 O
Negative sequence
Wt=210
Positive sequence
Wt = 270 O
Negative sequence
Wt = 330 O
____+
Positive sequence
402
m,
io0
0
iM
-1m
200
loo-
4;
mi-
1
1
,
.-,l
1
200
0
0
.100
-4
0.k
0.01
0.01s
oh
0.&5
0.m
0.025
0.m
adOS
0.b
'
-2M
-4
0.k
O.bt
o.;,
0.L
,.a
0.006
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.095
0.06
'
im
0
.tm
-xa
0.025
0.01
0.015
0.03
0.M
0.035
-zoo[
0.-
0.-
zm
1
2M
-1m
.N
0I
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.05
0.W
0.07
400
200
200
0.01
o.m
0.05
O.M
0.06
0.m
0.07
0.01
O
h
O,&
O.b(
0.k
0.k
007
im
0
.1m
-100
.200
.am'
o
0.01
om
a-
0.01
0.05
0.08
oa7
IK
403
'
-200
0.006
6.01
0.016
0.02
0.026
0.09
0.036
0.04
10,
-6
-10
0.00s
q.01
0.01
0.02
0.028
0.03
0.036
0.04
Fig. 10. Motor phase voltage( with out third harmonic) and current for Vsr-l.OVdc
1
4p0,
'
-4C:>O0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.04
0.03
0.045
'01
-10;
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
Fig.1 1. Motor phase voltage( with out third harmonic) and current for Vsr-0.7Vdc
100
50
0
-so
-*om
-150
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.
0.
oe
0.07
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.oc)
0.07
0.00
os
0 -
-5-
Fig. 12. Motor phase voltage( with out third harmonic) and current for Vsr-0.4Vdc
404
i
J
TABLE-3: SWITCHING SEOUENCE WHEN TIP OF THE REFERENCE VECTOR LIES M ANY OF THE OUTER
SUB-HEXAGONS
SEC
TOR
negative sequence
positive sequence
[ll
[2]
.
[3]
[4]
A.Nabae,
LTakahashi, and H.Agaki,A
newneutralpoint-clamped PWM inverter, IEEE
Trans.Ind.Applicat.,vol.IA-17,pp518523,sept.loct. 1981
P.M.Bhagwat and V.R.Stefanovic,Generalized
Structure of a multi level PWM inverter, IEEE
Trans.Ind.Applicat.vo1.IA-19,pp10571069,Nov.Dec. 1983.
H.Stemmler, P.Guggenbach,Configurations of
high power voltage source inverter drives,
EPE.conf-1993,pp7-12.
Joohn-Sheok Kim,Seung-Ki Sul, A Novel
Voltage Modulation Technique of the Space
Vector PWM,IPEC- 1 9 9 5 ~ ~ 7 4 2 - 7 4 7 .
[5]
[6]
Bakari
Mwinyiwiwa,
, Zbigniew
Wolanski,Multimodular Multilevel Converters
with
InpuVOutput
Linearity,
IEEE
Trans.Ind.Applicat.,
vo1.33,No.5,
sept./oct.
1997,~
1214-121
~
9.
A.Rufer, M.Veenstra, K.Gopakumar,Asymmetric
multilevel converter for high resolution voltage
phasor generation, EPE99-Lausanne,pp.P1-P10.
APPENDIX - A
Motor oarameters:-SHP 3-ohase IM
405