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DTC of Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive Using Space Vector Modulation
With Reduced Switching Frequency
Arbind Kumar, Shldent Member IEEE
K. Chattejee
B.G. Fernandes
Abstract
I INTRODUCTION
Induction motor drives are generally used for low and
medium power applications. However, researchers have
moulded this motor even for higher power applications by
making suitable changes in power and control circuit
configurations. One such change is the open-end, threephase stator winding which is fed by two separate inverters.
Direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor was
proposed around two decades ago [I]-[2]. The scheme
presented in [I] was implemented for high power
applications using the induction motor having an open-end
winding configuration [3]. However, the DTC technique
presented in [3] results in:
Torque and speed fluctuations that leads to acoustic
noise and vibrations.
Higher ripple in the stator current that can cause high
power loss and hence heating of the machine.
Use of a three-phase reactor to reduce the zersequence current, thus making the system bulky and
less efficient.
Various control techniques for the inverter-.fed induction
motor drive with open-end windings are also discussed in
[4]-[5]. Direct Self Control technique has been proposed for
this machine with open-end winding configuration [6]-[8].
Both ends of the stator winding are connected to two threelevel inverters. The use of a three-level inverter at both ends
improves the performance of the machine but can lead to an
increase in both cost and complexity. A reactor has been
07803-8399-0/04/$20.00
02004 IEEE.
(2)
Voltage equations for open-end winding induction motor
can be written as
1214
RR
YW
+ VRG - VRG
(3)
= VYG + VGG - YG
(4)
= VRC
V, = vsd + jvsq
(5)
Y B E = VBC + vCc. - V8C
As both inverters are connected to separate dc sources, they
can he assumed to he two independent nodes. Thus the sum
of the three-phase currents can he assumed to he zero. If the
summation of the three-phase currents is zero, summation of
the three-phase voltages can also he assumed zero. Hence
using (3)-(S), and solving for VGGtwe get
vCG
= [(vCc.
+ vYrG + v
~ )G
- CVRG + VyG + vBG )I / 3
v,,
(6)
-y
[=I]:![
-1
-I
2
-1
-1
-RG]
VYG
-1
(7)
-vrG
VBG
BE
(8)
(9)
There are two independent two-level inverters. The total
possible enerated voltage vectors given hy equation (9)
will he 2 X2 ( 4 4 ) . However, in actual practice there is
only one zero voltage vector, six small voltage vectors (S),
six medium voltage vectors (M) and six large voltage
vectors (L). The remaining vectors overlaps with these
voltage vectors. These vectors are shown in Fig.2. The six
small voltage vectors form the inner hexagon of Fig.3,
whose centre is 0 and they each lie at the vertices P, Q, R, S,
T and U. These small voltage vectors can he generated by
clamping INV2 to the zero voltage vector (VO or V7) and
switching INV1. The medium and large voltage vectors are
formed when both the inverters are in switching mode. For
example, for achieving voltage vector V14, INVl is
switched to position V1 and INV2 is switched to position
V4. The six large voltage vectors form the outer large
hexagon of Fig.3. The entire region of Fig.3 can he
subdivided into 24 equilateral triangles. They are known as
sub-sectors. These sub sectors form one inner hexagon
and six outer hexagons whose centres are 0, P, Q, R, S, T
and U. The position of the voltage space vector can he
determined by the method proposed in [ll].
INV.
INDUCTION MOTOR
Fig. 1 Schematic ofopen-end winding induction motor drive fed by 2 -WO level inverters
Y-Phase Axis
V36
V26V35
1i I
V25
Axis
VS2
V62VS3
t -
V63
B-Phase Axis
Fig.3 Partition of hexagon in to Sub-sectors
121s
I11
PROPOSED SVM-DTC
RESULTS
1216
Ill
TABLE-I
REFERENCES
I Takahashi and T Noguchi. A New Quick-Response and HighEfficiency Conml of an Induction Motor, LEEE Trans. Industry
Applications, Vol. IA-22, No.5, , pp 820-827, 1986.
M Depenbroek, Direct Self Control (DSC) of Invener-Fed
Induction Machines, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol. PE -3,
N0.4, pp 420429, 1988.
I Takahashi and Youchi Ohmari, High -Performance Direct
Torque Control of an Induction Motor,. IEEE Tram. Industry
Applications, Vol. IA-25, No.2, pp 257-264, 1989.
H Stemmler and P. Guggenbach, %onfigurations of High -power
Voltage Source Inverter Drives, Proc. EPE93, Vol., pp 7-14,
1993.
T kawabata, New Open-Winding Configurations For High-Power
Inverters, Proc. ISIE97. Va1.2, pp 457 462, 1997.
Y Kawabata, M Nasu, T Nomoto, E C Ejiogu and T Kawabata,
High-Emciency and IOW Acoustic Noise Drive System Using
Oven-Windine AC Motor and Two Soace-Vector-Modulated
Invencrs, IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, Vo1.49,Na.4, pp
783-789, Aug.2002.
M Tanpen and Andreas Steimel. Direct Self Control With
Minimum Toraue Rioole and Hieh h a m i c s for Double three level GTO I n v k e r Drive, E E E Yrans.. on Indushial Electronics,
Vo1.49, Na.5,pp 1065- 1071,Oct. 2002.
Xiao Q. Wu and Andreas Steimel, Direct Self Control of
Induction Machines Fed by a Double Three-Level Inverters,
IEEE Trans. cm Industrial Electronics. Vol. 44,Na.4, pp 519 -521,
Aug. 1997.
KA Corzine, SD Sudhoff, CAWhitcamb, Performance
Characteristics of a Cascaded Two-Level Converter, E E E Trans.
on Energy Conversion, Vo1.14, N0.3, pp 433 -439, Sept. 1999.
Brain A Welchka and James M Nagashima, A comparative
Evaluation of Motor Drive Topologies for Low-Voltage, HighPower EVIHEV Propulsion Systems, IEEE International
I
V CONCLUSION
A new control strategy is proposed for reducing the
switching frequency of one of the inverters. It clamps one of
them for a minimum period of one switching cycle. As
shown in the results, it reduces the ripples in torque and flux
Harmonic spectrum of the phase current has improved
significantly. Under light load condition, the reference flux
1217
'
7
81
'
4,
er
a1
0 2
I 2
s1
a'
I'
,
L
-
<
DI
116
114
o,
I.."
/I
01
or
01
01
I-
i
0.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.........................
0.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
@6"
: :............
.........
.]
-1.
.........
. . f. . . .
.....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......................
C.15
ai5
a3
0.45
. . . . .
0.6
0.45
nme (sec)
0.6
me (sec)
0.3
(Two-Level SVM)
""11
.
:
I
"
aj
,
.I
,
a.
as
0,
02
"
"
OI
01
Or
'
111
.M
I**
1218
"=.eI,
Tlme (sec)
to 0.4 Wb
Fig 9 (b) Change in stator flux vector from 0.7 to 0.4 Wb at 0.5Sec
at
0.4
0.6
nrne (Sec)
1.2
Tlms IS64
4 0 0 Ipm at no-load
condition (Proposed)
[Ill
[I21
[I31
[I41
[IS]
1219