A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE FACTORS

AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

NURSING STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING,
RAJPURA, PUNJAB IN 2015

B.Sc. (N) STUDENTS

2015

Swift Institute Of Nursing

Ghaggar Sarai,Rajpura
Distt Patiala,Punjab(India)
2015

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NURSING STUDENTS IN
SELECTED COLLEGE OF NURSING
RAJPURA, PUNJAB IN 2015

A Research Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for the degree of

B.Sc .(Nursing)

Baba Farid University of Health Sciences

Faridkot ,Punjab
2015

BY:-B.Sc.(N)STUDENTS
GROUP -B
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S)
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S)
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S)
Ms.Harshdeep Kaur
Ms.Hashminder Kaur
Ms.Himani
Ms.Jaskiran Kaur

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

We, Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S), Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S), Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S), Ms.Harshdeep
Kaur,Ms.Hashminder Kaur, Ms.Himani ,Ms.Jaskiran Kaur here by declared that this
dissertation/thesis entitled, A descriptive study to analyze the factors affecting academic
performance of nursing students in swift institute of nursing,Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab
in 2015 is a bonafide and research work out by us under the guidance of Ms.Rachel Samuel,
Assisstant Professor, in swift institute of nursing ,Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura.

Date
Place: Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura

Signature of the candidate

Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S)
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S)
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S)
Ms.Harshdeep Kaur
Ms.Hashminder Kaur
Ms.Himani
Ms.Jaskiran Kaur

CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that Harpreet Kaur(B.S),Harpreet Kaur(C.S),Harpreet Kaur(J.S),Harshdeep
Kaur, Hashminder Kaur, Himani , Jaskiran Kaur have undertaken this research project on the
topic A Descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of
nursing students in selected college of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab in 2015. under my
supervision and guidance and work in genuinely their own.

Date
Place: Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura

Signature of the Guide

Ms.
Rachel Samuel
Assistant Professor
Swift institute of nursing
Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura,
Punjab

ENDORSEMENT BY THE PRINCIPAL OF THE INSTITUTION

This is to certified that the dissertation/thesis entitled, A descriptive study to assess the

factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students in Selected

college of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab 2015 is a bonafide research work done by
Harpreet Kaur(B.S), Harpreet Kaur(C.S), Harpreet Kaur(J.S), Harshdeep Kaur, Hashminder
Kaur, Himani , Jaskiran kaur under the guidance of Ms.Rachel Samuel, Swift Institute of
Nursing, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura.

Signature and Seal of The Principal

Dr.Surinder Jaspal
Phd,Professor
Swift Institute of Nursing
Ghaggar
Sarai,Rajpura,
Punjab

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank you waheguru ji for guiding and directing us to complete research project on
completion of the thesis, we would like to express our gratitude and thanks to all those
persons whose efforts, supports and participation helped us to bring this work in
complete shape.
Our pillar of strength has been esteemed teacher and Supervisor Assistant Professor
Ms.Rachel Samuel for her guidance, valuable suggestions, encouragement and
cooperation during this study. Our heartfelt gratitude to our Principal and Professor
Dr.Surinder Jaspal, Swift Institute of Nursing who encouraged us all along till the end
of this journey. It was her constant constructive suggestions to complete this work.
Our gratitude to them is both deep and abiding. We will forever remain indebted to
their teacher , meticulous attention, concrete suggestions and motherly counsel. This
work bears at every stage impression of their footsteps.
I wish to express our appreciation and gratitude to all panel members of this research
project Prof(Dr) Surinder Jaspal, Prof(Mrs) Renny Thomas, Prof(Mrs) Neerja shukla,
Asst.Prof Ms.Amanjot, Ms.Rachel Samuel(Assist Prof), Mr.Raghunandan(Assist
Prof), Mr.Pravin prakash(Assist Prof), Mrs.Sneha Mathew(Assist Prof), Ms.Manu
Nagra(Assist Prof), Ms. Neha(Assist Prof)
We wish to expend our sincere gratitude to the nursing students who participated in
our research project as subjects, without whose cooperation we could not had
undertaken and successfully completed this study. We also wish thanks to library staff
of swift institute of nursing for their immense help and assistance. We also thanks to
incharge of computer laboratory for providing us enough time for using internet for
our research study.
The word of acknowledge would remain incomplete, If we dont thank our family,
friends, classmates and seniors whose prayers are encouraging words were a sense of
enduring strength for us.Above all we thank God for his abundant blessings and
strength for the accomplishment of the research thesis.
With heartfelt THANKS.

B.Sc.(N)Students
Group -B
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(B.S)
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(C.S)
Ms.Harpreet Kaur(J.S)
Ms.Harshdeep Kaur
Ms.Hashminder Kaur
Ms.Himani
Ms.Jaskiran Kaur

ABSTRACT
In education institutions success is measured by academic performance.
Academic performance refers to how students deals with their studies and how they
cope with different tasks given to them by teachers. It is ability to study and to
remember facts and being able to communicate knowledge with other verbally or
down on a paper. There are so many factors that can affect the academic performance
of students. Therefore, a Descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic
performance of nursing students in selected college of nursing was undertaken with
the objective:1) to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing
students in selected college.2) to assess the correction of study performance of
variable i.e. age in years, gender, type of course, year of study, type of family,
accommodation, motivation to study nursing. A non experimental approach was used
for the study. Study was conducted in Swift Institute Of Nursing. 100 subjects
students were selected from classes by quota sampling technique.. verbal consent was
obtained from subject before data collection. Pilot study was conducted to compute
reliability. Data was assessed by descriptive and inferential statistics and presented
through tables and figures. The present study findings revealed the total mean score of
factors affecting the academic performance perceived by nursing students was 21.4.
the factors that affect the academic performance is parent/family with mean% 62.2(1
rank), followed by method of teaching/ learning Activities 56.6% (2nd rank), personal
56.1% (3rd rank), hostel 54.6% (4th rank), social 51.7% (5th rank) & class/college
44.9% (6th rank).

S.no.

Chapter

1.Introduction

Page no.

1-7

Introduction

1-4

Need of the study

5-6

Statement of problem

Purpose of the study

Objectives of the study

Operational definitions

Deliminations

Organization of report

Summary

2.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

8-10

3.

METHODOLOGY

11-14

Introduction

11

Research approach

11

Research design

11

Research setting

12

Population

12

Sample and sampling technique

12

Development and description of tool

12

Criterion measure

13

Content validity

13

Reliability of tool

13

Pilot study

13

Method of data collection

13

Ethical consideration

14

Difficulty faced by investigator

14

Plan for data analysis

14

Summary

15

4. ANALYSIS,INTERPRETATION &DISCUSSION

15-32

Objective of study

15

Organization of data

15

Main analysis and interpretation

16-31

Discussion

32

Summary

32

5. SUMMARY,IMPLECATION & RECOMMENDATIONS

33-35

Statement of problem

33

Purpose of study

33

Objective of study

33

Major findings

33

Conclusion

34

Limitations

34

Implication

34

Recommendations

35

Summary

35

6. REFERENCES

36-37

7. APPENDICES

i -iv

Letter seeking permission from Swift Institute Of Nursing, Rajpura

Letter of expert from content validity of tool
Certificate of editor(English)
Self structured tool to assess the factors affecting the academic performance
List of statistical formulas
List of experts

LIST OF TABLES
S.no
1
2

Content
Frequency and percentage distribution of sample characteristics
Mean and mean% and rank order of factors affecting the academic

Page no
18
19

performance of nursing students

3

Frequency value of academic performance score according to age

21

Frequency value of factors affecting the academic performance

23

score according to gender

5

Frequency value of factor affecting the academic performance of

25

nursing students according to type of course

6

Frequency value of factor affecting the academic performance of

27

nursing students according to type of family

7

Frequency value of factor affecting the academic performance of

29

nursingstudents according to accommodation

8

Frequency value of the factors affecting academic performance of

31

nursing students according to motivation to study nursing

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures
Figures
Research
design no.

Mean of factors affecting the academic performance

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction
Children need to feel good about themselves and the world around them. Loading a
child`s mind with ideas they would never have thought about is not a good idea. They
need positive information.
In education institutions success is measured by academic performance, academic
performance refers to how they cope with their studies and how they cope with their studies
and hoe they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers. It is the
ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate knowledge verbally or
down on paper. As career competition grows the importance of students doing well in schools
has thought the attention of parents. Parents care about their child`s academic performance
because they believe academic results will provide more career choices , jobs security and
social status.1
College life can be stressful although it is undoubtedly one of the most memorable
experience in one`s life. It represents a critical development period for both late adolescents
and young adults [ chickering ,1969]. Social factors such as romantic relationship,

organizations and clubs, sports activities have been found to have effects on student`s
academic performance. These social factors affect academic performance in terms of time
demanded and the psychological state they may cause. A student may be influenced to be
involved in any of the stated variables.2
In this area of globalization and technological revolution, education is considered as a
first step for every human activity. It play a vital role in the development of human capital and
is linked with an individual`s well-being and opportunities for better living [ battle and
lewis,2002]. It ensure the acquisition of knowledge and skills that enable individuals to
increase their productivity and improve their quality of life. This increase in productivity also
leads towards new sources of earning which enhance the economic growth of a country
[ saxton,2000]. The quality of factors affecting students` quality students` performance
remains at top priority for educators. It is meant for making difference locally, regionally,
national and globally. Educators, trainers and researchers have long been interested

in

exploring variables effectively for quality of performance of learners. These variables are
inside and outside school that effect student`s quality of academic achievement. These factors
may be termed as student factors, family factors, school factors and peer factors [Crosnoe ,
johnson and elder,2004].The formal investigation about the role of these demographic factors
include age, gender, geographical belongingness, ethnicity, marital status, socioeconomic
status[SES], parents` education level, parental profession, language , income and religious
affiliations. These are usually discussed under the umbrella of demography [ Ballatine ,
1993]. Besides other factors, socioeconomic status is one of the most researched and debated
factor among educational professionals that the contribute towards the academic performance
of students. The most prevalent argument is that the socioeconomic status of learners affects
the quality of their academic performance. Most of the argue that the low socioeconomic
status has negative effect on the academic performance of students because the basic needs of
students remain unfulfilled and hence they do not perform better academically [ Adams,
1996]. The low socioeconomic status causes environment deficiencies which results in low
self esteem of students[US department of education,2003]. More specifically, this study aims
to identify and analyze factors that affect the quality of students` academic performance. 3 Lot
of study have been conducted in the area of students achievements and these studies identified
and analyze the number of factor that affect academic performance of the students at school
,college and even at university level, there finding identify students effort , previous schooling
, parent educational background, family income, self motivation of students, ago of students ,
learning preference and entry qualification of students as important factors that have effect on
students academic performance in different settings. The utility of these lies in the need to
undertaken corrective measures that improve the academic performance of graduate students. 4

It is also confirmed in the study of Oregon State University [2003] on graduate

admission that normal measures of educational potential and academic performance such as
high school grade point average scores showed only 30% of the deviation in initial or
starting[first] year at college. It is important to not that even these studies do not agree with
the former study who explore y/that previous achievement affect the future performance of
students in studies, they confirmed that the admission scores are related to academic
performance at university level but to a very minimal extent. Mcdonald et.al [2001] also
suggested that the scores of graduated level studies still out performed any other single
measures of cognitive aptitude in predicting success at university level. 5
Parent`s socio-economic condition, which includes parent`s academic and
professional qualification, revenue and occupation affiliation, is also associated with
academic gain of students. The results of many studies confirmed that academic achievement
of students is contingent upon parent`s socio economical background will perform better than
other students associated with low social economic background Social and economical status
of students is generally determine by combining parent`s qualification, occupation status of
students is generally determine by combining parent`s qualification, occupation and income
standard[ jeynes,2002]. Among many research study conducted on academic achievement, it
is not very surprising to observe that socio-economic status is one of the main elements
studied while predicting academic performance. 6
Children learning outcome and educational performance are strongly affected by the
standard and type of educational institution in which they get education. The educational
environment of the school one attends set the parameter of the student , learning outcome.
Considine and Zappala[2002] shows that school environment and teacher expectations from
their students also have strong influence on students performance. Most of the teachers
working in poor schools or schools having run short of basic facilities often have low
performance expectations of their students and when students know that their teachers have
low performance expectations from them, hence it leads to poor performance by students. 7
The academic performance of students at the University of the Best Indies According a report
from UWI`s Office of Planning and Development [2011], 10% of all undergraduate courses
offered at UWI, St. Augustine have high failure rates. High rates are costly to all stakeholders
since the throughput of the University is reduced. Much of the attrition that reduces
completion rates can be attributed to low academic performance in early pre-requisite
undergraduate courses[ Scott and Graal,2007] such as introduction to Biochemistry
[AGRI,1013], the subject of this investigation. Over a period of 3 years[2006-2008],the
failure of this course has averaged 40% which is considered to be very high. As a result of this
high failure rate, the 2010/2011academic year class size is now approaching 200 due to
failing students retaking the course. Class size is one of the factors that impact upon academic

performance. A number in a have of institutions worldwide. Most of these studies focus on the
three elements that intervene, that is, parents[family causal factors],teachers[academic casual
factors], and students[ personal casual factors]. 8
The purpose of this exploratory study was, therefore , to identify and analyse the
factors that influence academic performance in AGRI 1013. The study sought to define
relationship between selected student factors[demographic information, learning style,
admission criteria, and high school achievements] and academic performance[ measured in
terms of the total of two coursework grades] in AGRI 1013 course in the 2010/2011 academic
year. A formal study of this nature contributes towards unraveling those significant
determinants of students` performance that need to be addressed. The findings of this study
may also be applicable to related courses [those that require the application of chemistry and
Biology knowledge] with high failure rates.9
In an article titled The Hi-Pressure Generation published in the Femina, 8
september 1994, Seshadri, a psychiatric, reports. Parents who are not achievers, or the ones
who could not realise a few of their dreams for lack of opportunity are more prone to putting
unrealistic pressure on their children.10
The children`s activities other than their studies like leisure-time activities[ including
television viewing], hobbies, and other extra-curricular activities

also tend to become

structured, which means, scheduled and regulated by a lot of control , evaluation and pressure
by the parents. The children`s lives tend to run like clock-work , particularly if both the
parents arc. Working and the children to do get freedom to do things independently. Thus,
today`s children tend to be programmed by adults. Such a treatment from key figures like
parents can lower the perceived autonomy and perceived competence of the children, which
are very important motivational resources for increasing academic performance of children,
especially the adolescent.11
Thus this study is conducted to find out the factors that affect the academic
performance of nursing students.

Need of study
In 2006,Syed tahir hijazi ans S.M.M Raza Naqvi published a study about factors impacting
the academic performance. The result of the study found that the more time the students
spents attending classess . The better their college performance. 12
A study concluded that socialization that encompass the college experience may
inadvertently affect academic performance. Boyfriends and Girlfriends, parties and road
trips , all have a way of affecting grades, learning and class attendance. Some times affect
can be positive, but more often than not , the affects of social pressure negatively affects
academic performance.13
In equality of educational

opportunity (2006), prepared for the united states

department of education, coleman found that family famotors such as household composition
, socioeconomic status and parents level of education were stronger predictor of
students`educational attenments than were direct school related factors. 14
Health both physical and mental wellbeing has obvious link to students prospects for
doing well in schools. Children who are physical ill fails to attend school regularly and when
they do attend they are often unable to focus on their school work. Children with untreated
mental health problems experience arrange of school related difficulties from acting out
behavior in the class room to an inability to make friends and develop collegial attachment. 15

Research suggests that participation in various kinds of youth organization contributes to

better behavior in school, improved social skill more self confidence and higher academic
expectation.16
As many as 76% of youth in united states are working have worked in paid
employments by age 16. Researches differ regarding the impact of work on adolsencents
academic performance some studies conclude that work provide students with useful skill and
attributes, among them instilling a since of responsibility and heighting students sence of self
afficacy and that these have a positive affect on academic performance. 17
A study conducted by university of Kentucky was to determine if the collage success
can be improved with the students attitude inventory (SAI) 2005. The inventory was
developed in Britain and contains 47 items which attempts to indentifies the students in
higher education on basis of 1 Motivation 2. Study methods,.3. examination technique,.4. lack
of distraction towards academic performance. Students in 6 Kentucky community colleges
were asked to express their attitude towards study habits in the student attitude inventory.
Their were 996 students in sample population(413 males and 583 females). A measure of
ability( composit American college test score) and academic performance were obtained for
each students sampled. A students attitude inventory did contribute a statistically significance
amount of variance beyond an ability measures for males and females. 18
Frank pogue(2000),did a research project to determine why students fails what he
found to be true in this study habits surely was that more than 30 years ago still things true
today-students fails because they do not know how to study. the best advice he can give is to
develop sound study skills.19
Reading is an attempt to absorb the thought of author and know what the author is
conveying (Leedy, 1956). Studying is the interpretation of reading material .study habits and
skill are particularly important for college students , whose needs include time management,
note taking , internet skills ,the elimination of distraction and assigning a high priority to
study.20
According to study conducted in Iindiua in Banglore, by the national institute of
mental health and neuro sciences in 2007, among adolescents reported that 122,637 people
ended their lives due to fear of failure, growing competition among peers. 21
Moula.J.M 2010 conducted study on the relationship between academic achievement
motivation and home environment among students. A significant positive relationship was
found between a six of the home environment factors, that is father and mothers occupation,
fathers and mothers education , family size and academic achievement motivation. 22
Since, there is a significant to find out the factors affecting the academic performance
of students .Hence, researchers have selected this present research topic . the researcher
experience gave insight that factors affecting academic performance can decrease

performance of students in exams. So it raise the curiosity of researcher to do research on the

factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students.

Problem statement
A descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of
nursing students in selected colleges of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab.
Objective

To asses the factors that affects the academic performance of nursing students in swift

college.
To asses the relationship of academic performance of variable i.e. age in years, Gender, Type
of course, Study of year, Type of family, Residence, Family monthly income, Education of
mother, Education of father, Occupation of father, Occupation of mother, Motivation to study
nursing.

Operational definitions

Academic performance:- It is the outcome of education the extent to which a student ,

teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals.

Nursing students:- students in program leading to certification in form of nursing usually
applied to student in registered nurse or practical nurse program.

Delimitations

Only nursing students of Swift Institute of nursing are included

Subjects available during period of study

Organization of report

This study is reported in five chapters. The chapter-1 deals with introduction, need and
objectives of study. Chapter-2 deals with the review of literature, Chapter-3 deals with the
methodology adopted to conducted the study, Chapter-4 deals with the analysis and
interpretation of data, discussion of findings. Chapter-5 consist of summary, conclusion,
limitation, implication and recommendation of the study. The report is concluded with
selected references and appendices.

Summary:
This chapter included the topic, specifies the need for study and its purpose and lay down
objectives, operational definitions, delimitation of study, organization of report .

college
.existance of agreed upon
goals
.college climate

RESEARCH APPORACH DESIGN

Input

.students personal
characterstics

.teacher teamwork

process

.environment of teachers
.principal characteristics
.style of leadership

.cultural family
status

.family participation

.teacherss
personal
characterstics

.management and use of

facilities and resources

.student participation

.teacher labour
conditions

.the college of learning

organization

.initial teacher
training and

Classroom
.in service training
.teacher satisfaction
.teachers attitude
.classroom climate.
.class participation
.teaching methodology
.teachimg management

product

Review of literature
Review of literature is a key step in research process and plays an important role in the
development of a research project in order to develop a deeper insight in to a problem area.
Robbins (1980) argued that organizations were increasingly describe as absorber,
processor and generations and that the organizational system could be envisioned and makeup
of several interdependent factors. Systems advocates, according to Robbins (1980) have
recognized that a change in any factor with in the organization has an impact on all other
organizational or subsystem components. Thus the inputs, the processors and generations
should function well in order to achieve the desired outcome. 23
Welberg 1981, theory of educational productivity determined three groups of nine
factors based on affective , cognitive and behavioral skills for optimization of learning that
affect the quality of academic performance: aptitude(ability, development and motivation);
instruction (amount and quality); environment (home, classroom peers and television). 24
According to Koontz and Weirich (1988) the researcher adapted the systems theory
input output model advanced by Ludwing Von Bertalanffy the early 1950s. this theory,

postulates that an organized enterprise does not exist in the vacuum but is dependent on its
external environment thus the enterprise receive inputs, transforms them and exports the
output to the environment. In this study the university admits students (inputs) and then
transforms them through teaching and learning which is reflected by the students academic
performance (output).25
Romer 1993 is one of the first few Authors to explore the relationship between
student attendance and exam performance. A number of factors contribute to declining class
attendance around the world last 15 years. The major reason given by the students for non
attendance include assessment pressure, poor delivery or lectures, timing of lectures, and
work commitments. In recent time the students found a need to seek employment while
studying on a part time basis due to financial constraints. The number of part time and the
mature students has also risen sharply the use of information technology also means that
information that use to be obtain from sitting.26
According to Graetz 1995, ones educational success depends very strongly on social
economic status of the parents. Cosidine and Zappala(2002) argue that families where the
parents are advantaged socially, educationally and economically foster a high level of
achievement in their children.27
Devadoss and Foltz, et al 1996 Research on this subject seems Tom provided consensus that
students who miss class perform poorly compared to those who attend classes based on these
findings a number of stack holders have called for mandatory class attendance. Although the
existing evidence points to a strong correlation between attendance and academic
performance, none of the studies cited above demonstrate a casual effect. 28
Saleemi (1997) in agreements with Robbin(1980) argued that all system must work in
harmony in order to achieve the overall goals. According to the input output model, it has
assumed that the students with high admission points, high social economic background and
school background will perform well if the university facilities are good, the lectures and the
management of university is good which may not always be the case and this is the short
coming of this theory.29
Mark crilly(2000), successful students are able to balance social activities with good study
habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help prevents from becoming
fatigued. He said that students should make sure that he must take a break for an hour after
studying to meet with friends, to play some cards, work at the gym or to gab with a new
acquaintance. For this way that students will find concentration when he do study, if he
planned a social activities after words. He said to develop healthy social life, develop routine

study habits. He said the students should make sure that he/she have good study
environment, a good desk, a study chair, a good light, comfortable room temperature and
quite atmosphere that mean he/she should eliminate all external and internal distraction,
secondly get a good over view of the assignments before starting the work, he said that start
with most difficult subject first and easiest at last. 30
Haist , Wilson, Elam, Blue and Fossan,2000 research has shown that men perform better
than women in certain setting while women out perform men in other settings on the other
hand, found no evidence of academic performance be influenced by gender.31
Conidine and Zappala 2002 SES is a persons overall social positions to which
attainments in the both social and economic domain contributes. They add that social
economic status is determined by an individual achievements in, education , employment,
occupational status and income. In this study social economic status was characterized by
family income, parental education and parental occupation. 32
Rodgers & Rodgers, 2003 the inability of these cross-sectional studies to isolate
attendance from myriad of confounding students characteristics (e.g. levels of motivation ,
intelligence, prior learning and time management skills) is major limiting factors to the utility
of these findings.33
Sentamu 2003, Kwesiga(2002) and portes and Macleod (1996) as cited in considine
and Zappala (2002) all argue that the type of school a child attends influences the
achievements. According the Minnesota measures (2007), a report on higher education
performance, which was produced by the university of Minnesita, the most reliable predictor
of student success in college is the academic preparation of students in high school. 34
Eitle 2005 the relationship between gender and the academic achievements of
students has been discussed for decades a gap between the achievements of boys and girls has
been found, with girls showing better performance than boys in certain instences (chambers
and Schreiber 2004), gender, ethnicity and fathers occupation are significant contributors to
students achievements.35
Waters and marzano, 2006 there is a range of factors that affect on the quality of
performance of students a series of variable are to be considered when to identify the
affecting factors towards the quality of academic success. Identifying the most contributing
variable in quality of academic performance is very complex and challenging job. The student
in public schools belongs to a variety of backgrounds depending upon their demography. The
diversity is much vast and complex as ever in Pakistani culture. Keeping in view all this

discussions, researchers conducted this study to examine the effect of different factors on the
student quality of academic achievements at the secondary school level in the metropolitan
city of Pakistan.36
Priti A, Chaavan B.S 2009 conducted a cross-sectional study on stress and suicidal
ideas in adolescents students in Chandigarh. The study consisted of total of 1729(84.8%)
students reported no suicidal ideation and 8(0.39%) reported suicidal attempts the study
highlighted the fact that relationship with peers and parents were significant determined of
psychological health.37
Tsinidou, Gerogiann & Fitisillis,2010 educational services are often not tangible
and are difficult to measure because they result in the form of transformation knowledge, life
and behavior modifications of learners so there is commonly agreed upon definition of quality
that is applied to education field. The environment and the personal characteristics of learners
play an important role in their academic success. The school personal, members of the
families and community provide help and support to student for the quality of their academic
performance. This social assistance has a crucial role for the accomplishment of performance
goals of students at school( Goddard,2003). Besides the social structure, parents involvement
in their childs education increases the rate of academic success of their child. 38

METHODOLOGY
The methodology of research organizes all components of the study in a way that is most
likely to lead a valid answer to the problems that have been proposed. This chapter deals with
the description of different steps which are undertaken for collecting and organizing data for
investigation. It includes the following:

Research approach
Research design
Research setting
Population
Sample and sampling technique
Development and description
Criterion measures
Content validity
Realiability of tool
Pilot study
Data collection
Ethical consideration
Difficulity faced by the investigator
Plan for data analysis
Summary

Research approach
A descriptive approach was considered to be appropriate in the view of nature of problem and
to accomplish the objectives of the study.

Research design
Non experimental research design was utilized for collection and analysis of data. In this
design affect of independent and dependent variables is observed.

Variables
(a) Independent variables
The independent variable in the study is factor affecting the academic performance.
The variable of the study will be age, gender, type of course, study of year, family
monthly income, education of mother, education of father, occupation of father,
occupation of mother.
(b) Dependent variable
Factor affecting the academic performance.

Research setting

The present study was conducted in Swift Institute of nursing, Ghaggar sarai,
Rajpura, Punjab. It is co-educational college affiliated by BFUHS. College having
different courses i.e. G.N.M, B.sc, M.sc in medical surgical, community health
nursing, child health nursing, gynecology.
Population
In the present study, population consist of nursing students studying in Swift institute
of nursing, Ghaggar sarai, Rajpura, Punjab.
Sample and sample technique
The sample of the study consist of 100 nursing students, studying in Swift institute of
nursing were selected by

Inclusion criterion
Age between 17-25 years.
Student studying in nursing college.
Both boys and girls were chosen for study sample.

Exclusion criterion
Students who were absent during period of study
Developmental and description tool
Tool is divided in 2 parts
Part -1 Sample characteristics
Part-2 Self structured tool for assess the factors affecting the academic performance
Part-1 sample characteristics: it consist personal information i.e. age, gender, type of
course , year of study, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing.
Part-2 self structured tool for assess the factors affecting the academic performance:
it consist of a series of questions designed to identify the factors: individual/personal ,
social, method of teaching, class/college, parent/family, hostel. It consist of 40
statements in which 22 positive and 18 negative to which respondents express
responses such as yes or no. for positive statement [yes(1), no(0)] and for negative
statement [yes(0), no (1)]. Therefore, total scores can range from 00-40, with higher
score indicating adults perceptions of factors that affect the academic performance.

Criterion measures
The criterion measurements for assessment of factors was as follows:
Factors
items
score
Personals
1-10
11

Social
Method of teaching
Class/college
Parent/family
Hostel
Total

11-14
15-19
20-30
31-35
36-40

04
05
09
07
04

40

40

Content validity
To establish content validity of tool, the tool was given to experts from the field of
pediatric nursing, medical surgical nursing, psychiatric nursing. The experts were
requested to judge the items for relevance, clarity, appropriateness of content area.
The modifications were done in the tool based on experts suggestions and in
consultation with guide. Final tool was reframed.

Reliability of tool
Reliability of self structured tool was determined by applying split half reliability
method and was computed by Spearmans rank correlation co-efficient correction.
The reliability of the structured questionnaire was r=0.91.
Pilot Study
Pilot study was conducted in the second week of January. 10 nursing students were taken
from Adarsh institute of nursingas sample for the pilot study. Pilot study was done to ensure
the realibility of the tool and feasibility of the study. Prior permission to conduct the study
was taken from principal of the Adarsh institute of nursing, Patiala,Punjab. Data was collected
by the investigator with the help of self structured tool. Participants were explained regarding
the study and its purpose. The time taken by each subject was on an average 15-20 minutes.

Method of data collection

Data collection procedure started from 23 february to 10 march 2015. The sample was 100
nursing students studying in nursing college, Rajpura, Punjab. The investigator first
introduced herself to the respondent and explained the purpose of gathering the information
and took verbal permission from the nursing students for filling the tool they are assured that
their responses would be kept confidential and used only for the research purpose. At the end
of the data collection 5-10 minutes were utilized to enhance their knowledge regarding
improving the academic performance.

Ethical consideration

Permission from the principal of the Swift Institute of Nursing was taken
Verbal consent from the subjects was taken
Confidentiality of the information was maintained

Difficulties faced by investigator

The investigator had morning and evening shift

The subject had morning and evening duties in different ward as the subjects
busy in duties and classes
The investigator had wait for the class teacher as to take permission for data collection

Plan for data analysis

Analysis of data was done in accordance with the objectives laid down for the study. Data was
obtained from samples of 100 nursing students of Swift Institute of Nursing, Rajpura. It was
done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics i.e calculating mean, mean
percentage, standard deviation and ANOVA and Z test to assess the factor affecting the
academic performance of nursing students. The level of significance chose was p<0.05.

Summary:
This chapters deals with the description of research approach, research design, research
setting, population, sample and sample technique, development and description of tool,
criterion measures, content validity, reliability of the tool, pilot study, difficulity faced by the
investigator, ethical consideration, data collection and plan for data analysis.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Analysis and interpretation of data was done in accordance with objectives lay down for the
study. The data has been analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic and the result
of study were shown in form of tables and figures.

Objectives of study

To analyze the factors that affect the academic performance of nursing students in selected
college.
To analyze the relationship of academic performance of variables i.e age in years, gender,
type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to nursing study

Organization of data for analysis:

The analysis of data was organized according to the objectives and presented under the
following sections:
SectionI:Demographic characterstics of sample
SectionII:Finding related to assess the factors affecting the academic performance.
SectionIII:Finding related to assess the relationship of academic performance of selected
variables such as age, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to
study nursing.

SAMPLE CHARACTERSITICS
TABLE 1
FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE CHARACTERSTICS
N=100
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
n%

Age(in years)
17-20
21-24
Above 25

47
50
03

50%
03%

Gender
Female
Male

92
8

92%
8%

Type of course
B.Sc.nursing
GNM
Post B.Sc

60
20
20

47%

60%
20%
20%

Type of family
Nuclear
Joint
Extended

67
33
00

67%
33%
00%

Accommodation
Hostel
Paying guest
Living at home
Rented accommodation

51
04
37
08

51%
04%
37%
08%

Motivation to study nursing

Own choice
Parental pressure
Peer pressure
Overseas job opportunity
Job security

26
20
00
44
10

26%
20%
00%
44%
10%

Table 1 presents frequency and percentage distribution of respondents by sample

characterstics- Age, Gender, Type of course, Type of family, Accommodation and Motivation
to study nursing. The data shows that according to age category 47% of subjects were in age
group of 17-20 , 50% of subjects were in age group 21-24 and 3% were in age group of above
25. According to gender 92% were female and 8% were male. According to type of course

60% of subjects were in B.Sc, 20% were in GNM and 20% were in post B.Sc. 67% of the
subjects belongs to nuclear family and 33% belongs to joint family. According to
accommodation 51% of subjects lives in hostel, 4% live as paying guest and 37% of subjects
live at home and 8% lives on rented accomodation. According to motivation of study to
nursing , 26% of subjects study nursing for their own choice, 20% of subjects have parental
pressure for study nursing, 44% study for overseas job opportunity and 10% for job security.
Hence, it is concluded that majority of subjects are females from age group 17-20, had B.Sc
course and belong to nuclear family, 51% of subjects have hostel accommodation and most of
the subjects have motivation of study nursing for overseas job opportunity.

Objective:1 To assess the factors affecting performance of nursing students in

Swift Institute of nursing, Rajpura, Punjab.

Table 2: Mean, Mean %, SD and rank order of factor affecting the academic performance of
nursing students.

Factors
Mean%
Personal

Score

Mean

Rank

Social

10
04

Method of teaching/

5.61
2.05

56.1
51.7

III
V

05

2.82

56.6

II

Class/college

11

4.92

44.9

VI

Parent/family

05

3.11

62.2

Hostel

05

2.73

54.6

IV

40

21.24

and learning activities

Total
Maximum score:40
Minimum score:00

Table(2) depicts that total mean score of the factors affecting the academic performance
perceived by nursing students was 21.24.the factor that affect the academic performance is
parent/family with mean %62.2(1st rank),followed by method of teaching 56.6%(2nd
rank),personal 56.1%(3rd rank),hostel 54.6%(4th rank),social 51.7%(5th rank),class/college
54.6%(6thrank).
Hence it can be concluded that nursing students had perceived these factors that affect the
academic performance.

70
60

62.2
56.1

56.6

54.6

51.7
44.9

50
40
30
percentage of Nursing students

20
10
0

Factors affecting academic performance

Fig 1. Mean of factors affecting academic performance

Objective:2 To assess the relationship of study performance with variables i.e

age, gender, type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation of study
to nursing
affecting
theofacademic
Table:3- frequency Factors
and percentage
distribution
factor age. performance of
N=100
nursing students
Age in years

n%

17-20

47

47%

21-24

50

50%

3%

Above 25

Table3 predicts that subjects whose age is 21-24 had high frequency 50 followed by age
group 17-20 had frequency 47.
Hence, it can be concluded that the age group of 21-24 has highest frequency.

60
50
40
percentage of Nursing students

30
20
10
0
17-20

21-24

above 25

age in years

fig 2. Frequency of factor affecting the academic performance

according to age

Table 4 frequency and percentage distribution of factor affecting

the academic performance according to gender
N=100

Factors affecting the academic performance of

nursing students
Gender

male

female

92

n%
8%
92%

Hence it can be concluded that female gender had high frequency than male gender
i.e. 92%.

100
90
80
70
60
percentage of Nursing students

50
40
30
20
10
0
male

female

Gender

Fig4. Frequency of factor affecting the gender

Table 5 frequency, percentage distribution of factor affecting the academic

performance according to type of course
N=100

Factors affecting the academic performance of

nursing students
Type of course

n%
B.Sc.N

60

G.N.M

20

60%
20%
Hence it is concluded that B.Sc.N had maximum frequency i.e. 60% followed by G.N.M and
post basic which had 20% frequency

70
60
50
40
percentage of Nursing students

30
20
10
0
B.Sc.N

G.N.M

Post basic

course

Fig5. Frequency score according to type of course

Table 6. frequency and percentage distribution of factor affecting according to type of family
N=100

Factors affecting the academic performance of

nursing students
Type of family

n%
Nuclear

67

Joint

33

67%
33%

Hence it is clear from the above table that maximum number of students belong to nuclear
family i.e. 67% followed by joint family 33%

80
70
60
50
percentage of Nursing students

40
30
20
10
0
nuclear

joint

Type of family

Fig 6. Frequency score according to type of family

extended

Table 7 frequency, percentage distribution of factor affecting the academic performance

according to accommodation
N=100

Factors affecting the academic performance of

nursing students
accomodation

n%
hostel

51

51%
paying guest

living at home

37

4%
37%

Hence it is concluded that students living in hostel had highest frequency 51% and
students living as paying guest had lowest frequency 4% whereas students living at
home and rented accommodation had frequency 37% and 8%.

60
50
40
30
Percentage of Nursing students

20
10
0

Accomodation

Fig 7 frequency score of accomodation

Table 8 frequency, percentage distribution of factor affecting the academic

performance according to motivation to study nursing
N=100

Factors affecting the academic performance of

nursing students
Motivation to study (N)

n%
Own choice

26

26%
Parental pressure

20

20%
Peer pressure

00

0%

Hence it is concluded that maximum number of students had motivated to study

nursing for overseas job opportunity 44%. 26% had motivated for own choice and
20% had parental pressure to study nursing and only 10% had motivated for job
security.

Axis Title

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Motivation

Fig 8 frequency score of motivation to study nursing

DISCUSSION
In this chapter an attempt has been made to findings of the study in accordance with the
objectives of the research to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing
students in Swift Institute of Nursing, ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura. The main purpose of study was
to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students and to conclude
that which factor is most affecting.
Analysis of the first objective of the study i.e. to analyze the factors that affect the academic
performance of nursing students in selected college. It was assessed with the help of self
structured tool. Rodgers & Rodgers 2003 et.al. the cross sectional studies to isolate attendance
from a myriad of student characterstics(e.g. levels of motivation, intelligence, prior learning
and time management skills) is a major limitating factor to the utility of these findings, it is
found that there are so many factors(personal, social, method of teching, class/college,
parent/family, hostel) that affect the academic performance of the nursing students.
Analysis of the second objective of the study i.e. to analyze the correction of study
performance of variables that is age in years, gender, type of course, type of family,
accommodation, motivation to study nursing. Findings related to relationship between
variables, the females had the high frequency as compared to males that is 98% and male had
frequency value only 8%. E.E ebenuwa-okoh 2010 conducted study on influence of age,
financial status, gender, an academic performance on under graduate reveals that the
academic performance is not affected by gender of students.
Present study finding related to subject of nuclear family had high frequency as compared to
joint family i.e. 67%. The Tsinidou, Gerogiann & Fitsillis, 2010 it was found that the school
personal members of families and communities provide help and support to students for the
quality of their academic performance.
Present study finding related to subject of the accommodation students living in hostel had
frequency 51% and those living at home had 37% according to the Mark Crilly 2000, a
students should make sure that he/she have good study environment a good desk a study
chair, good light, comfortable room temperature and quite atmosphere that mean he/she
should eliminate internal and external distraction.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter deals with the brief account of study undertaken including the conclusion drawn
from the findings, implication of study and recommendations of future research.
Summary
A descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing
students in selected college of nursing, Rajpura in2015. The objective of the study were to
assess the factors that affect the academic performance of the nursing students in selected
college, to analyze the correction of study performance of variable i.e. age in years, gender,
type of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing. Review of
literature was carried out and collected from various sources such as internet, journals and
from previous research studies.
A structured questionnaire was used to assess the academic performance of nursing
students. The tool was developed under the guidance of experts from Swift Institute of
Nursing Rajpura, Punjab. Content validity of tool as determine by experts opinion on the
relevance of items, content validity was supported by consulting professors, lecturer and
clinical instructors experts in Swift Institute of Nursing.
The data collection of the study was started from 23 february to 10 march 2015. The
sample was 100 nursing students studying in nursing college, rajpura, Punjab. The written
permission obtained from head of the department for conducting the study and verbal consent
was taken from the subject.
Analysis and interpretation was done in accordance with objectives, statistical techniques
like percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANNOVA test was used bar diagram was used to
depict the findings.
Statement of problem
A descriptive study to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing
students in selected colleges of nursing, rajpura, Punjab.
Purpose of the study
To assess the factors affecting the academic performance of the nursing students.

Objective of the study

To assess the factors that affect the academic performance of nursing students in selected
college.
To assess the co relation of academic performance of variables i.e. age in years, gender, type
of course, type of family, accommodation, motivation to study nursing.

Major findings

Maximum number of subjects50% belongs to age group of 21-24 and minimum 3% in age
category in above 25.
Maximum number of subjects 92% were females and 8% were male.
Maximum number of subjects 60% belongs to bsc nursing and minimum 20% from G.N.M
& Post b.sc(n).
Maximum number of subjects 67% belongs to nuclear family and minimum 33% were from
joint families.
Maximum number of subjects 51% lives in hostel and minimum 4% lives as paying guest.
Maximum number of subjects 44% motivated to study nursing for overseas job opportunity
and minimum 0% due to peer pressure.
Total mean score of factors affecting the academic performance of nursing students was
21.24% hence, it can be concluded that nursing students had perceived the factors that affect
the academic performance.
Subject perceive the factors that highly affect the academic performance parent and family
62.2% followed by method of teaching activities 56.6%, personal 56.1%, hostel 54.7%, social
51.7%, class/college 44.9%.
Conclusion
The parent family factors are more affecting performance of nursing students.

Limitations
The size of sample students was only 100 nursing students hence ,it was difficult to make a
broad generalization.
The purposive sampling was done from a selected college which restrict the generalization of
study to particular setting.

Implications
The study findings have certain very important implications for the nursing profession i.e.
nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nurses have expanded and
extended role for promotive , preventive, curative and rehabilitative services at individual,
family and community level. Nurses act as an educator, counselor , organizer, direct care
provider, leader and motivator.

Nursing education
Child health nursing curriculum for all levels of nursing students should give emphasis on
mental well being of the child. It should not merely emphasis on the physical development of
the child but also the psychological and mental development which is always a neglected part
of the health of the child. The child may suffer with various psychological tangles if undue
pressure is exerted on the child. Nursing curricula should also emphasis on the child
psychology.

Nursing administration
Nursing has become a complex and highly varied practice discipline with the rapidly
growing, well developed and well documented scientific human knowledge base. Nursing
administration should evaluate the effectiveness of school health programs related to the
promotion of physical , mental, spiritual and moral development of the children.
administrative support should be provided to conduct in-service educational programs for the
teachers and counseling for parents and children.

Nursing research
Findings of the study will act as a catalyst to carry out more extensive research on large
population sample in different areas of community. Very few studies of this kind have been
done in the Indian setting. Through publication of the research findings parental pressure that
adversely affects not only the academic but also the health of the children can be reduced by
the nurse researcher.
Recommendations
This study can be replicated with other classes or primary or senior secondary school children
on a large sample thereby generalizing the study results.
A comparative study can be conducted between selected schools in rural and urban
community.
An exploratory study can be conducted to explore the factors that affect academic
performance of the children.
This study can be concluded on the large scale.
Summary
This chapter deals with summary, major findings, limitations, implications and major
recommendations based on the findings of the study.

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Letter seeking permission to conduct the research study

To
The principal,
Swift Institute of Nursing,
Rajpura.
Sub: permission to conduct research study.
Respected mam.
Ms. Harpreet Kaur(8), Ms. Harpreet Kaur(9), Ms. Harpreet kaur (10),
Ms. Harshdeep Kaur (11), Ms. Hashminder kaur(12), Ms. Himani (13), Ms. Jaskiran Kaur(14)
are B.sc nursing (Final year) students of your institution. They have selected the below
mentioned topics. To conduct the research study to be Submitted to Baba Farid University of
Health Science Faridkot. As partial fulfillment of Bechlors of Science in Nursing Degree.
Topic:- a descriptive to assess the factors affecting the academic performance of nursing
students in selected colleges of nursing in Rajpura.
To conduct this study, they are in need of your esteemed help and cooperation. Hence I
resquest your kind self to grant permission to conduct the proposed study in your esteemed
school.
Thanking you in anticipation,
Your sincerely,

Principal,
Swift Institute of nursing
Rajpura,Punjab.