Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Agenda
What is MIMO?
LTE MIMO Measurements
MIMO O-DAS Case Study
Antenna Techniques
Why MIMO?
300
200
100
-100
-200
-300
2011
2012
2013
2014
Why MIMO?
30
25
20
PeakPhysicalLayer
SpectralEfficiency(b/s/Hz)
2x1
2x2
15
4x4
10
8x8
0
10
0
5
10
SNR(dB)
15
20
25
30
Spatial Multiplexing:
Transmits multiple data
streams simultaneously in
the same frequency and
time, taking advantage of
different paths
Requires separate paths
Requires high SNR to
improve throughput
Transmission shown one way (eNB to UE) for simplicity
Transmission Modes
3GPP Defined Transmission Modes
Agenda
What is MIMO?
LTE MIMO Measurements
MIMO O-DAS Testing
Path measurements
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI as defined by 3GPP)
Throughput
Channel Condition Number (CN)
RF Path Measurements
CQI
Consistent indicator of theoretical
transmission physical layer
efficiency
User layer throughput reduced up
to 10X due to control overhead
Handshaking
Synchronization
Retransmission
CQI Index
Modulation
Code Rate x
1024
Efficiency
(b/s/Hz)
out of range
QPSK
78
0.1523
QPSK
120
0.2344
QPSK
193
0.3770
QPSK
308
0.6016
QPSK
449
0.8770
QPSK
602
1.1758
16QAM
378
1.4766
16QAM
490
1.9141
16QAM
616
2.4063
10
64QAM
466
2.7305
11
64QAM
567
3.3223
12
64QAM
666
3.9023
13
64QAM
772
4.5234
14
64QAM
873
5.1152
15
64QAM
948
5.5547
Throughput
How and where is throughput measured?
Physical Layer
Throughput
CQI
Throughput (Mbps)
5 MHz
10 MHz
20 MHz
0.55
1.10
2.19
0.84
1.69
3.38
1.36
2.71
5.43
2.17
4.33
8.66
3.16
6.31
12.63
4.23
8.47
16.93
5.32
10.63
21.26
6.89
13.78
27.56
8.66
17.33
34.65
10
9.83
19.66
39.32
11
11.96
23.92
47.84
12
14.05
28.10
56.19
13
16.28
32.57
65.14
14
18.41
36.83
73.66
15
20.00
39.99
79.99
Industry Norm
CN (dB)
0
~<13*
~13 to 19*
~>19*
Indication
Two totally independent channels, an ideal condition that
can enable maximum throughput
Favorable condition that can enable much better throughput
than SISO/MISO based transmission systems
Medium correlation that can provide marginal throughput
improvement
High correlation where MIMO generally would not induce a
condition that would increase throughput
*The CNs indicating the level of correlation are based on industry published approximations and can vary by several dB depending on conditions
Value of MIMO
Measurements
Agenda
What is MIMO?
LTE MIMO Measurements
MIMO O-DAS Case Study
What we Tested
Antenna Locations
How we Tested
Orientation Analysis
UE Data Card
Frequency
Position: 0
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
kb/s
Frequency
Position: 90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
kb/s
Speed Analysis
UE Walk Test
((
4
2
)
4
)
45
80
40
70
35
60
30
25
20
15
10
50
40
30
20
10
Throughput (kb/s)
kb/s
(24)
# of Data Points
# of Data Points
(42)
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Throughput (kb/s)
Data
UE Data
Scanner Data
Significant differences
between scanner & UE
# of Data Points
# of Data Points
UE
600
400
200
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
100
Tput (kb/s)
1000
2500
5000
10000
More
Tput (kb/s)
Scanner
# of Data Point
Scanner
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Tput (kb/s)
Scanner Transmission
Modes
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Tput (kb/s)
# of Data Points
1000
2500
1000
2500
RSRP
# of Data Points
RSRP
dBm
# of Data Points
CINR
dB
# of Data Points
dB
Conclusions
MIMO is ineffective in this network
Network has a severe interference and/or noise problem
Acceptable RSRP but very poor CINR
Questions?
Thank you