LABORATORY REPORT

MECT 3360
Fall, 2014
LAB SECTION #3, M/W 7:00pm - 10:00pm

LAB # 3

CNC LATHE PROGRAMMING

Student's Name :
Student's ID
:
Graded by
:

Date Due
:
10/08/2014
(Peoplesoft Student ID#)
Group
:
03

Objective :
Learn the basics of the lathe machining and CNC programming.
Introduce students to circular interpolation and various canned lathe
programs. Manually program and machine the assigned part (Exhibit 2) on
the HAAS lathe.
Equipment Required :
1. PC to type the NC program.
2. USB drive to transfer the program to the CNC lathe.
3. HAAS CNC lathe used to simulate the CNC program, correct it, and
cut the part.
4. Polyethylene cylindrical bars (1 Dia. X 4 long).
5. HAAS CNC lathe programming guide including setup and operation.
Procedure :
1st Session :
1. Review the various lathe operations.
2. Learn the basic commands of NC lathe programming.
3. Use the first graph of Exhibit #1, showing the large scale of a sample part
with multitapered
steps, to define the coordinates of the points joining the segments
delineating the finished sizes.
4. Use the second graph of Exhibit #1 to define the coordinates of the
beginning and ending
points of the roughing and finishing cuts as shown.

5. Write the corresponding CNC program shown on Exhibit #1.The

cutting tool is a HSS or Carbide insert. Both tools have a negligible
nose radius. The initial position of the tool is at X=O. 500, Z=1.500;
at the end of the program return to that position.
6. Obtain a copy of the program for your report.
2nd Session :
1. Learn circular interpolation and various canned cycle programs of
thread cutting, straight side turning, tapering and boring, end turning,
and spine interpolation with Bezier curve.
2. Refer to Exhibit #2 to program the part shown. Use the same tool as
in session #1, with an initial position at X=1.000, Z=3.500. Take 2 or
3 roughing passes, and a finishing pass. Select the pass depth and
length keeping in mind that the finishing cut must be of about the
same depth of cut on all the machined surfaces.
3. Connect your USB drive to the HAAS machine, and simulate the
program.
4. If necessary, edit the program using the control panel.
5. When the simulation results are correct, run the program and cut
the part.
Discussion :
This third lab was about the CNC lathe and it had two sessions same
as the previous second lab. In CNC lathe, a blueprint of the part was
necessary. To understand both the design and the blueprint, the students

needed to write the program with the correct cutting tools and specific
moves which were based on a coordinate system that moved the tools in
two directions: x-direction and z-direction.
The first step was to set the parameter of the tools in the tooling
screen. With this information, the machine would know where the location
the tool and the spinning method for cutting the material. For example,
the G codes (also called preparatory codes) would specify the machine to
perform according to the codes such as rapid moving, controlling the
series of feed movement (straight line or arc), setting tool information
such as offset, switching coordinate systems, etc. One of the most
common code for feeding during a cut was linear interpolation. This code
would allow the program automatically calculates the intermediate points
to pass through that will yield a straight line (base on the start and end
points). Another important code was the circular interpolation, behaved
same as linear interpolation but the interpolation generates was a circle
(not line). This interpolation translate the linear axis into curve tool
motions. Its requirement would include: an endpoint, feed rate, a center, a
radius and a direction of movement.
The second step, the students should know was to indicate the type of
material which would be cut and the maximum rotation per minutes. It
was very important to set the material correctly at the start of the
program. The default guideline would be used to approximate speeds and

feeds for the chosen tooling. For instance, aluminum would need faster
speeds and feeds than steel.
The third step was the facing operation. It was critical to command a
facing tool to clean the raw material so that the wourkpiece would have
you a consistent spot to start machining. The reason for this was the raw
material was often cut with a metal saw or band, and these tool would
create a rough surface. By adding a facing operation code in the program,
the operator would start machining with a clean surface for a higher end
quality product.
The fourth step was to program the outside turning process. This
command would tell the machine to cut the outside dimension into the
final size. It meant that the machine would first use a roughing bit tool and
then come back for a second pass with a finishing tool for a smooth
surface. In addition, if the workpiece had holes for boring bars, the next
step would be the drilling operation to create a hole for the boring process.
A series of drills should be used to remove the material enough to create a
follow cylinder (inside diameter), and a drilling sequence with a roughing
pass and rigid bar would create a smooth finish on the inside.
If the part needed to cut into pieces, the program would require the
cut-off command. It would be useful to make more than one part from a
length of material. A programming of cut-off tool for cutting finished part
and cycling it to run again with new set of dimensions. To save time for

writing CNC code program, the student would have knowledge about how
to perform canned cycles. This operation was useful because it would give
the student the option to do some routine functions with a simple G-code
instead of writing many lines of coding information. The definition of a
canned cycle was a sequence of machine operations initiated by a single
G-code. It could act as shortcuts of a simple the program. The purpose of
the canned cycles was save memory because the early CNC machines had
a very expensive limited memory and canned cycles could provide
efficient ways to do repetitive complex actions with small amount of
memory. For an example, if the operator wanted to drill a hole 5 inches
deep and clear the chip every 0.500, the coding program would take a
dozen lines to perform the drilling. With a canned drill cycles, the program
would be short and only contain the correct G code for the operation to be
performed (a few variable and coordinate points for the holes) and the
machine would drill the programmed hole at every program point. There
were many of canned cycles for drilling, taping, boring and counter boring
on milling machines and routers. The lathes would use their own set of
canned cycles that make it possible to very quickly rough and finish turn,
thread, bore and contour parts.
There were several errors in the program simulation that encounter
during the lab session. The common error was that the student forgot to
set up the workpiece in right dimension. In addition, the program would

have some basic mistake such as the ; at the end of each command line,
the extra M word, and the miscalculating interpolation coordination.
Program code :
1. Exhibit 01 :
N1 G20
G90;
N2 S200 M03;
N3 G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N4 G00
X0.25 Z1.1;
N5 G01
X0.25 Z0.35 F5;
N6 G00
X0.26 Z0.35;
N7 G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N8 G00
X0.23 Z1.1;
N9 G01
X0.23 Z0.4 F5;
N10
G00
X0.26 Z0.4;
N11
G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N12
G00
X0.21 Z1.1;
N13
G01
X0.21 Z0.44
N14
G00
X0.26 Z0.44;
N15
G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N16
G00
X0.19 Z1.1;
N17
G01
X0.19 Z0.48
N18
G00
X0.26 Z0.48;
N19
G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N20
G00
X0.17 Z1.1;
N21
G01
X0.17 Z0.52
N22
G00
X0.26 Z0.52;
N23
G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N24
G00
X0.16 Z1.1;
N25
G01
X0.16 Z0.53
N26
G01
X0.26 Z0.33
N27
G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N28
G00
X0.15 Z1.1;
N29
G01
X0.15 Z0.66
N30
G00
X0.26 Z0.66;
N31
G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N32
G00
X0.13 Z1.1;
N33
G01
X0.13 Z0.7 F5;
N34
G00
X0.26 Z0.7;
N35
G00
X0.26 Z1.1;
N36
G00
X0.11 Z1.1;

F5;

F5;

F5;

F5;
F5;

F5;

N37
N38
N39
N40
N41
N42
N43
N44

G01
G00
G00
G00
G01
G01
G00
M30;

X0.11
X0.26
X0.26
X0.10
X0.10
X0.17
X0.26

2. Exhibit 02 :
N1
N2

G20
S200

G90;
M03;

Z0.74
Z0.74;
Z1.1;
Z1.1;
Z0.75
Z0.61
Z1.1;

F5;

F5;
F5;

N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
N11
N12
N13
N14
N15
N16
N17
N18
N19
N20
N21
N22
N23
N24
N25
N26
N27
N28
N29
N30
N31
N32
N33
N34
N35
N36
N37
N38
N39
N40
N41

G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.50 Z3.1;
G01
X0.50 Z1.0 F1;
G00
X0.51 Z1.0;
G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.45 Z3.1;
G01
X0.45 Z1.0 F1;
G00
X0.51 Z1.0;
G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.40 Z3.1;
G01
X0.40 Z1.05 F1;
G00
X0.51 Z1.05;
G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.35 Z3.1;
G01
X0.35 Z1.1 F1;
G00
X0.51 Z1.1;
G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.30 Z3.1;
G01
X0.30 Z2.45 F1;
G00
X0.51 Z2.45;
G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.25 Z3.1;
G01
X0.25 Z2.5 F1;
G00
X0.51 Z2.5;
G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.20 Z3.1;
G01
X0.20 Z2.5 F1;
G00
X0.51 Z2.5;
G00
X0.51 Z3.1;
G00
X0.15 Z3.1;
G01
X0.15 Z2.5;
G02
X0.35 Z2.3 R.2;
G00
X0.35 Z2.0;
G03
X0.35 Z1.5 R0.415;
G00
X0.35 Z1.1;
G03
X0.45 Z1.0 R0.1;
G00
X0.51 Z1.0
G00
X1.0 Z3.5;
M30;

Pictures :