Indian Economy | IAS Help - Part 2

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IAS Help
UPSC IAS Exam :: Study Material, Question Papers, Preparation Tests

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Indian Economy | IAS Help - Part 2

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Funded by the Coffee Board (Central government)

50% subsidy
Implemented by AIC
AGRICULTURAL SCHEMES AND PROGRAMMES
All programmes fall under the purview of the Ministry of Agriculture unless otherwise noted.
National Food Security Mission
Launched in Aug 2007
Objectives:
To increase production of wheat, rice and pulses on a sustainable basis to ensure food security of the country
Restore soil fertility
Employment generation
Enhance farm-level economy
Seeks to disseminate improved technologies and farm practices
Central Govt. provides 50% subsidy
Three components: NFSM Rice, NFSM Wheat, NFSM Pulses
Targeted increase in production: Rice 10 million tonnes, Wheat 8 m t, Pulses 2 m t
Structure:
Chairman: Minister of Agriculture
Members: Secretaries of Dept of Agriculture and Cooperation, Finance, Adviser Planning Commission, Agriculture Commissioner
Keywords: ias, upsc, civil services, study material, general studies, Indian economy
National Horticulture Mission
Launched in 2005
Objective: provide growth of horticulture and enhance horticulture production
Promotes use of technology to farmers for high-tech horticulture cultivation
Promotes diversification from traditional crops to plantations, orchards, vineyards etc
Funded by Central (85%) and State (15%) governments
Structure
Chairman: Minister of Agriculture
Members: Ministers of Commerce, Health, Finance, Food Processing, Industries, Panchayati Raj, Science & Technology, Rural Development
Keywords: ias, upsc, civil services, study material, general studies, Indian economy
National Agriculture Development Program (NADP) / Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
Launched in 2007
Objectives:
To incentivise states to increase their investment in agriculture
To provide flexibility and autonomy to states in agricultural planning
To maximise returns for farmers
To reduce yield gaps in important crops
Fully funded by the Central government, executed by the State governments
Areas of focus
Integrated development of food crops
Agriculture mechanization
Soil health and productivity
Horticulture
Animal husbandry
Use of technology
Keywords: ias, upsc, civil services, study material, general studies, Indian economy
Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme 2008
Launched in 2008
Covers direct loans by certain commercial banks, rural banks and cooperatives
For small and marginal farmers the entire eligible amount shall be waived
For other farmers there will be a one time settlement under which the farmer will be relieved of 25% of the loan amount
Implemented by NABARD and RBI
Keywords: ias, upsc, civil services, study material, general studies, Indian economy
Agri Clinics and Agri Business Centres Scheme
Launched in 2002
Agriclinics provide expert services and advice to farmers on cropping practices, technology dissemination, crop protection, market trends, clinical services for animal
health etc.
Agribusiness
Centres provide input supply, farm equipment on hire etc
Objectives
To make available supplementary sources of input and services to farmers
To provide gainful employment to agriculture graduates
To create agriculture entrepreneurs
Example projects:
Soil and water testing
Pest control services
Micro irrigation systems
Seed processing units
Hatcheries, apiaries
Setting up of IT kiosks in rural areas
Financial support from NABARD
Keywords: ias, upsc, civil services, study material, general studies, Indian economy
National Commission on Farmers
Constituted in 2004
Chairman Dr. M.S. Swaminathan (instrumental in Green Revolution in India)
Submitted final report in 2006

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Suggests measure to enhance productivity, profitability and sustainability of farming in different regions of the country
Suggests measures to attract and retain youth in the agriculture sector
Suggests medium term strategy for food and nutrition security
Resulted in the National Policy for Farmers 2007
Keywords: ias, upsc, civil services, study material, general studies, Indian economy
National Policy for Farmers 2007
Focus on economic well being of farmers rather than just production
Efficiency of water use and maximizing yield per unit of water
Drought code, flood code and good weather code
Use of technology to increase productivity
Agricultural credit and insurance
Support services for women
Setting up of farm schools
Gyan Chaupals to harness the help of IT
Community foodgrain banks
National social security system for farmers
Cabinet Committee on Food Security to be constituted
Keywords: ias, upsc, civil services, study material, general studies, Indian economy
Note: All programmes implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture unless otherwise states
Source: India Development Gateway
26 November 2009 | Tags: agriculture| No Comments

Five Year Plans in India

Five Year Plan

Duration

Focus

1951 1956

Agriculture

Highlights of the plan period

Rapid population growth

Bhakra and Hirakud dams
Five IITs established
UGC established

II

1956 1961

Industrialization
Socialism

Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela steel mills

Atomic Energy Commission established
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

III

1961 1966

Defence
Price stabilization

India-China war 1962

India-Pakistan war 1965
Panchayat elections started
State electricity and education boards formed

IV

1969 1974

Growth

India-Pakistan war 1971

Stability

Green Revolution

Self-reliance

Bank nationalization
Pokhran nuclear test

1974 1978

Poverty alleviation

Govt. enters power generation and transmission

Self-reliance

VI

1980 1985

Industrialization
Information Tech.

National highways launched

Price controls eliminated
Family planning expanded

VII

1985 1989

Increasing employment
Growth
Modernisation

No FYP 1989-1992. Annual plans 1990-1992

Balance of payments crisis 1991
Launch of economic reforms under P.V. Narasimha Rao

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VIII

1992 1997

Human development

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India joins WTO Jan 1995

Industrial modernisation
Population control

IX

1997 2002

Employment
Food security
Continued liberalization

2002 2007

Education

GDP growth over 8%

Health
Environment

XI

2007 2012

Education

Currently ongoing

Health
Environment
Infrastructure

Land Systems and Reforms in India

Land Systems
1. Zamindari System
Government collect land tax through the intermediary of a zamindar
Land assigned to zamindar who bid the highest tax rate. Farmers lose ownership of land
Farmers pay tax to zamindar in cash
No remissions granted due to lost produce (due to weather etc)
Zamindari system implemented primarily in North India, especially Bengal, U.P., and Central Provinces and Berar
Attributed as a consequence of the Permanent Settlement under Lord Cornwallis
2. Ryotwari System
Government collects land tax directly from farmers (called ryots)
Land belongs to farmer, farmer pays fixed amount to government
Remissions granted lost produce (due to weather etc)
Ryotwari system implemented in Madras, Bombay, Assam and Burma
Attributed to Sir Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras
Land Reforms
1. Land Reforms Act 1955
All share croppers to have permanent use rights
Such rights to be inheritable
Croppers to pay legal share of crop to landlord
2. Land reforms in Kerala
Introduced Land Reforms Ordinance in 1957
Set absolute ceiling on land ownership. Tenants and hut dwellers receive claim on excess land
Fixity of tenure and protection from eviction
3. Land reforms in West Bengal
Initiated Operation Barga in 1978
Registered sharecroppers (bargadars) and educated them about cultivation rights
Bargadar rights made hereditary. Bargadars to receive fair share of crop (50-75%)
Land Ceiling Act: redistribution of ceiling-surplus land
12 November 2009 | Tags: five year plans| 2 Comments
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