Integumentary system

Function
- guards the body
- maintains a constant temp
- provides sensory information
Skin
-

main organ

Accessory structures of the skin

-

hair
nails
glands

Dermatology
-

study of the integumentary system

Functions of the skin

-

thermoregulation
blood reservoir
protection from external environment
cutaneous respiration
excretion
absorption
sensation

Structure of the skin (outermost to innermost)

-

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer ( Sub Q) or Hypodermis
not really part of the skin
storage depot for fats large blood vessels
Pacinian corpuscles
Epidermis
- The outer layer
- Composed of keratinized stratified
squamous cells
- contains 4 other principal types of
cells:
keratinocytes (90%)
keratin melanocytes (8%)- skin
color absorbs UV
Langerhan cells-immune
responses against microbes
Merkel cells gives the sensation
of touch

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Has 5 layers(arranged from innermost

to outermost):
Stratum Basaleor or Stratum
Germinativum
Deepest layer
Single row of of cuboidal or
columnar keratinocytes
Stem cells actively undergoing
mitotic division forming new
keratinocytes, melanocytes,
Langerhan cells, & Merkel
cells
Stratum Spinosum
8 to 10 rows of polyhedral
keratinocytes
projections of melanocytes
& Langerhan cells gave the
name spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
3 - 5 rows of flattened
keratinocytes
organelles begin to
degenerate and die
cells contain keratohyalin
(organize intermediate
filaments) & lamellar
granules (release lipid rich
water repellant solution)
Stratum Lucidum
Present only in fingertips, palms,
and soles
3-5 rows of dead keratinocytes
Stratum Corneum
20-30 rows of keratinocytes that
contain intermediate filaments,
keratohyalin & lamellar granules
waterproof layer
Dermis
- Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
- Layers:
Papillary
superficial portion
areolar connective tissues with
elastic fibers
dermal papillae house capillaries,
Meissners corpuscles and free
nerve endings
dermal papillae indent the
epidermis
Reticular
deeper portion of the dermis

Integumentary system
dense irregular connective tissue,
collagen, elastic
Reticular
adipose cells, hair follicles,
nerves, sebaceous gland,
sudoriferous glands
striae or stretch marks
Pacinian corpuscles
Skin Color
-

Pigments for skin color

Melanin : mainly in the epidermis
Carotene: yellow orange pigment
Hemoglobin: red color
As diagnostic clue
Erythema
Pallor
Jaundice
Black & Blue Marks
Albinism
Vitiligo

Skin disorders
-

Psoriasis
Porphyria
Epidermolysis bullosa
Athletes foot
Boils & Carbuncles
Cold sores
Contact dermatitis
Impetigo

Accessory structures of the skin

Hair or pili

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Nail

Sebaceous glands
secretory portion in the dermis
opens into the neck of hair follicles
opens directly into the surface of the
skin, in the glans penis, labia minora,
tarsal glands of eyelids
absent in palms, soles
very small in trunk & limbs
large in the face, neck & upper breast
Sudoriferous glands
Endocrine
o secretory portion is
deep in the dermis
o secretory duct
terminates on surface of
the epidermis
o less viscous secretion
o for
o thermoregulation
o & waste removal
o onset is soon
o after birth

Apocrine
o in sub Q layer
o in hair follicle
o more viscuous
o emotional stress &
sexual excitement
o puberty